Salbutamol Joel Torres
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Salbutamol is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat conditions like asthma and COPD by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. It has a half-life of 1.6 hours and is metabolized in the liver and excreted renally. Common brand names include Ventolin. While it is used to treat bronchospasm, it can cause side effects like tremors, anxiety, and tachycardia. It is a prohibited substance in some sports due to concerns it may improve performance, though studies show no clear evidence of this.
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![Joel Torres
Youssef Tahiri
Salbutamol
Accession Number: DB01001 (APRD00553)
Type: small molecule
Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for
the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. It is marketed as Ventolin among other brand names.
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(RS)-4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Farmacología respiratoria - broncodilatadores, antitusígenos y expectorantes
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Bronchoconstrictor Drugs
This document discusses bronchoconstrictors and beta blockers. It defines bronchoconstriction as a side effect of many drugs that act on beta-2 receptors in the lungs, reducing bronchodilation. Several beta blockers are named that can cause bronchoconstriction, including propranolol, nadolol, pindolol, sotalol, and timolol. Details are provided on the mechanisms and dosages of propranolol, nadolol, sotalol, and timolol. Nursing responsibilities in administering these drugs include monitoring for signs of slowed heart rate, low blood pressure, and hypoglycemia. Patients are educated on self-monitoring and not
BRONCHODILATORS -SALBUTAMOL AND TERBUTALINE
The document summarizes information about the bronchodilators salbutamol and terbutaline. It begins by defining bronchodilators as drugs that open the airways of the lungs to make breathing easier. It then classifies bronchodilators and describes salbutamol and terbutaline as β2 sympathomimetic drugs that work by stimulating β2 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system. The document outlines the mechanisms of action of salbutamol and terbutaline, including their effects on intracellular signaling and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. It notes some potential drug-drug interactions and lists the common uses and adverse effects of these bronchodilators.
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1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin)- the molecular formula of salbutamo.pdf
1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin):- the molecular formula of salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin) is
(C13H21NO3)2 • H2SO4
o Mechanism of action:- It stimulates 2 adrenergic receptors. It has a bronchodilator effect. It
causes the activation of enzyme adenyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase enzyme form cyclic AMP
(adenosine-mono-phosphate) from ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate). Bronchial smooth relaxes in
the prsence of high level of cyclic AMP by which airway resistance decreases by lowering
intracellular ionic calcium concentrations. Release of bronchoconstrictor mediators such as
histamine, leukotreine from the mast cells in the airway inhibited by the high level of cyclic
AMP.
o side effects/adverse effects :-Its side effects/adverse effects depends on its dosage and route of
administration. The most common side effects of salbutamol is found a fine tremor of skeletal
muscle of hands and nervousness. Palpitation, tachycardia, chest discomfort, headache, muscle
cramps, hypokalemia, difficulty in micturition and paradoxical bronchospasm also caused by
salbutamol.
o potential medication interactions:- It can be given as tablet, syrup, inhaler, nebulizer solution
and intramuscular or intravenous injectable form. The medication of oral salbutamol is 2 to 4 mg
three times a day in adult and 1 to 2 mg three times a day in children. As per the requirement the
One to two puffs (100 to 200 microgram) of salbutamol metered dose inhaler is inhaled. As
nebulizer solution 1 to 2 ml of salbutamol nebulizer solution should be diluted with normal
saline to final volume of 2-4 ml is inhaled from a nebulizer. In severe acute attack, 5 to 10 ml
(each ml contain 50 microgram) of salbutamol injection can be given by intramuscularly or
intravenously.
2.Advair Diskus:- It is a combination of a corticosteroid and a beta2-adrenergic bronchodilator.
Mechanism of action:- It contains both fluticasone propionate and salmeterol. They both have
seprate mechanism of action given below:-
For Fluticasone Propionate:- It has anti-inflammatory activity and it is a synthetic trifluorinated
corticosteroid .In vitro it exhibit a binding affinity for the human glucocorticoid receptor.
Asthma caused by inflammation, Corticosteroids acts on actions on multiple cell types like, mast
cells, etc.
For Salmeterol Xinafoate:- It is is a selective LABA.In vitro, it is 50 times more selective for
beta2-adrenoceptors than albuterol. They are predominant adrenergic receptors found in
bronchial smooth muscle. And in heart beta1-adrenoceptors are predominant, it is comprising
10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenoceptors. The beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs contains
salmeterol, stimulates the intracellular adenyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase enzyme form cyclic AMP
(adenosine-mono-phosphate) from ATP (adenosine-tri-phosphate). Higher level of c-AMP
causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and release of mediators is inhibited by immediate
hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. salmeterol is a potent.
Asthalin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets)
Asthalin Tablets (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets) belongs to the group of medicines known as short acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. Asthalin tablets (Salbutamol Sulphate tablets) are used for the treatment of bronchospasm in asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other conditions associated with airways obstruction, for prevention of asthma attack triggered by allergic exposure or exercise and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Albuterol belongs to the family of medicines known as adrenergic bronchodilators. Adrenergic bronchodilators are medicines that open up the bronchial tubes (air passages) in the lungs, thus making breathing easier. They relieve cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and troubled breathing by increasing the flow of air through the bronchial tubes.
Beta blockers
Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that are commonly used to treat cardiovascular conditions. However, one size does not fit all patients. There are several types of beta-blockers that have different mechanisms of action and properties. The document discusses the types of beta receptors, how different beta-blockers work, their pharmacokinetic properties, indications for use, potential adverse effects and controversies regarding their use. It provides a comprehensive overview of beta-blockers for cardiovascular conditions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Overview of COPD about pathophysiology, epidemiology, types and treatment of stable copd and exacurbation
PHARMACOTHERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
This document provides information on bronchial asthma including its definition, triggers, pathophysiology, classification, airway inflammation, and treatment options. Bronchial asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to hyperresponsiveness of the tracheobronchial smooth muscles. Common triggers include allergens, infections, exercise, and environmental factors. Treatment includes bronchodilators like beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, anticholinergics, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, and corticosteroids.
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler) is used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. Asthalin Inhaler is also used for the prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Asthma
Asthma medications aim to reduce airway inflammation, prevent bronchoconstriction, and minimize symptoms. Common classes include bronchodilators like albuterol, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, and leukotriene inhibitors like montelukast. Severe asthma may be treated with biologics targeting immunoglobulin E, interleukin-5, or the interleukin-4 receptor. Proper inhaler technique allows targeted delivery of medications to the airways.
Antiplatelet drugs pharmacology.pdf
This document discusses antiplatelet drugs, including their indications, mechanisms of action, administration, adverse effects, and limitations. Antiplatelet drugs are classified as oral or parenteral agents and can include aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, cilostazol, dipyridamole, tirofiban, and eptifibatide. They work by various mechanisms including inhibiting platelet aggregation and receptor antagonism. Common indications are acute coronary syndrome, stenting and other cardiovascular procedures. Adverse effects include bleeding risks, while limitations include variable patient responses, administration methods, and side effect profiles.
Pharmacologic_Treatment_of_AFib
This document discusses the pros and cons of different treatment approaches for atrial fibrillation (AFib), including antiarrhythmic drug therapy and rate control. It provides details on FDA-approved antiarrhythmic agents for AFib treatment and their classes. Trial results are presented showing sotalol to be effective in maintaining normal sinus rhythm for AFib/AFL compared to placebo, with a low risk of proarrhythmia.
Asthmatic , COPD patient counseling
This document provides information about counseling patients on inhalers and medications for asthma and COPD. It begins by defining asthma and COPD, and discussing the differences between the two conditions. It then covers the types of asthma and the goals and classes of treatment for asthma. Short-acting beta agonists like albuterol and long-acting beta agonists like salmeterol are described in detail, including dosages. Leukotriene inhibitors like montelukast are also outlined. Finally, inhaled corticosteroids like beclomethasone are discussed, including mechanisms of action, dosages, side effects and drug interactions.
Beta adrenergic blockers
The document discusses 10 different beta blockers including Propranolol, Metipranolol, Atenolol, Acebutolol, Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetolol hydrochloride, and Carvedilol. It provides information on their uses such as for treating hypertension, angina, heart failure, glaucoma, and arrhythmias. The beta blockers have various properties including selectivity, duration of action, and mechanisms of use for short-term heart rate control or long-term hypertension treatment.
Seroflo Rotacaps (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Powder for Inhalation)
Seroflo Rotacaps (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Powder for Inhalation) is a combination product containing a corticosteroid and a Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) used for treatment of asthma in patients aged 4 years and older and maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction and reducing exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Pharmacology of Antiepileptic agents with
Antiepileptic drugs are used to treat epilepsy and seizure disorders. They work by stabilizing neuronal membranes, enhancing GABA inhibition of neurons, or inhibiting calcium channels. Common antiepileptic drugs include carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and newer drugs like lamotrigine and topiramate. Each drug has distinct mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and side effect profiles. The choice of drug depends on the type of seizures.
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler)
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler) is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis and emphysema) when there is evidence of spasm (narrowing) of the airways (bronchi).
These two medicines work together to help open the airways in the lungs. Ipratropium Bromide and Albuterol Sulfate is used to help treat airway narrowing (bronchospasm) that happens with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adult patients who need to use more than one bronchodilator medicine.
Asthalin Inhaler by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler) is a beta2-adrenergic agonist used for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. It is also used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older.
Salbutamol
Salbutamol is a short-acting, selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat bronchospasm and respiratory diseases. It works by directly acting on beta2-receptors in the lungs and other tissues to cause bronchodilation. Common side effects include tremors, headache, and tachycardia. Salbutamol has a rapid onset of action via inhalation and is dosed every 4-6 hours as needed to relieve symptoms. Special precautions are needed in patients at risk of hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, or arrhythmias.
beta blockers
Natural Sources of Drugs e.g. from Microorganisms Prepared by Mustafa Kamal Ahmed Khan, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.
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1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin)- the molecular formula of salbutamo.pdf
1.salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin)- the molecular formula of salbutamo.pdf
Asthalin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets)
Asthalin Tablets by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulphate Tablets)
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
Asthalin Inhaler (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
Seroflo Rotacaps (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Powder for Inhalation)
Seroflo Rotacaps (Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Powder for Inhalation)
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler)
Duolin Inhaler (Generic Ipratropium Bromide and Levalbuterol Tartarate Inhaler)
Asthalin Inhaler by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
Asthalin Inhaler by Cipla (Generic Albuterol Sulfate Inhaler)
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- 2. Joel Torres Youssef Tahiri Salbutamol Accession Number: DB01001 (APRD00553) Type: small molecule Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is marketed as Ventolin among other brand names. Systematic (IUPAC) name (RS)-4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
- 3. Pharmacokinetic data Metabolism: Hepatic Half-life: 1.6 hours Excretion: Renal Identifiers CAS number: 18559-94-9 ATC code: R03AC02 R03CC02 PubChem: CID 2083 IUPHAR ligand: 558 Drug Bank: DB01001 Chemical data Formula: C13H21NO3 Mol. Mass: 239.311 Brand names It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline as Ventolin, Ventoline, Ventilan, Aerolin or Ventorlin, depending on the market; by Cipla as Asthalin and Asthavent; by Schering-Plough as Proventil, by Teva as ProAir, Salamol or Airomir, by Beximco (Bangladesh) as AZMASOL by Ad-din Pharma as Ventosol and by Alphapharm as Asmol. Pharmacology Salbutamol is a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Binding of albuterol to beta(2)-receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.
- 4. Chemistry Structure-activity relationships The tertiary butyl group in salbutamol (or albuterol) makes it more selective for β₂-receptors. The drug is sold as a racemic mixture mainly because the (S)-enantiomer blocks metabolism pathways while the (R)-enantiomer shows activity. Synthesis Salbutamol can be prepared from an acetophenone derivative which is itself derived from salicylic acid Medical uses Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause, allergen asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The dose of Salbutamol remains controversial. It is marketed as a metered dose inhaler which produces an average of 90 micrograms per puff. Adverse effects
- 5. The most common side effects are fine tremor, anxiety, headache, muscle cramps, dry mouth, and palpitation. Other symptoms may include tachycardia, arrhythmia, flushing, myocardial ischemia (rare), and disturbances of sleep and behaviour. Society and culture Doping Clinical studies show no compelling evidence that salbutamol and other β2-agonists can increase performance in healthy athletes. In spite of this, salbutamol required "a declaration of Use in accordance with the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions" under the 2010 WADA prohibited list. Detection of use Salbutamol may be quantified in blood or plasma to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to aid in a forensic investigation. Urinary salbutamol concentrations are frequently measured in competitive sports programs, for which a level in excess of 1000 μg/L is considered to represent abuse.