The document outlines the World Anti-Doping Agency's prohibited list of substances and methods for 2017. It lists categories of prohibited substances including anabolic agents, peptide hormones, beta-2 agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, diuretics, stimulants, and narcotics. It also lists prohibited methods such as manipulation of blood and blood components, chemical and physical manipulation, and gene doping. Certain substances are prohibited in-competition only, including stimulants, narcotics, cannabinoids, and glucocorticoids.
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This presentation contains a brief classification of medication on the basis of sources, dosage form, law, affect on body systems, and therapeutic effects. Students of pharmacy, nursing sciences, and medical can benefit from it, for any complain or error, please contact me freely.
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My 76th powerpoint...
In competitive sports, doping is the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing drugs by athletic competitors. The term doping is widely used by organizations that regulate sporting competitions. The use of drugs to enhance performance is considered unethical, and therefore prohibited, by most international sports organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, athletes (or athletic programs) taking explicit measures to evade detection exacerbate the ethical violation with overt deception and cheating.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways causing airflow obstruction
and recurrent episodes of
wheezing,
breathlessness,
chest tightness and
coughing.
Chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with increased airway responsiveness and reversible airway obstruction.
It can present at any age; majority of cases diagnosed in childhood
Most of them become asymptomatic by adolescence
Disease severity rarely progresses; patients with severe asthma have it at the onset.
FACTORS EFFECTING ASTHMA:
The inside lining of the airways becomes red and swollen (inflammation)
Extra mucus (sticky fluid) may be produced
The muscle around the airways tightens
(bronchoconstriction)
DIAGNOSIS:
Pulse oximetry and ABG analysis
Chest Xray
Blood Test
Peak Flow meter + Spirometry- PEFR + FEV1 decrease
PEFR + FEV1 increase >15% after β agonist inhalation
Skin Testing
Role of Physiotherapist in Doping Controldrnidhimnd
Doping is the ‘administration of or use by a
competing athlete of any substance foreign to
the body or any physiological substance taken
in abnormal quantity or taken by an abnormal
route of entry into the body with the sole
purpose of increasing in an artificial and unfair
manner his / her performance in competition.’
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"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
Belgium vs Romania: Radu Dragusin Prepares for Crucial Role in Euro Cup Germany
Some of them have taken not one but two steps forward in their rehabilitation," he said. None of the injured players will feature in this week’s warm-up friendlies against Montenegro and Luxembourg. Romania centre-back Radu Dragusin found chances limited at Tottenham Hotspur in the second half of the 2023-24 season.
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It will mean limited game-time going into the finals, but Dragusin, who cites Netherlands defender Virgil van Dijk as a role model, started every Euro Cup Germany qualifier as Romania went through the campaign unbeaten in their 10 games. He will be among their most important players in their first game in Germany against Ukraine in Munich on June 17, taking the right centre-back role in what is likely to be a back four.
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Mats André Zuccarello Aasen, commonly known as Mats Zuccarello, was born on September 1, 1987, in
Oslo, Norway. He grew up in the bustling neighborhood of Løren, where his passion for ice hockey began
at a young age. His mother, Anita Zuccarello, is of Italian descent, and his father, Glenn Aasen, is
Norwegian. This multicultural background played a significant role in shaping his identity and versatility
on and off the ice.
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Indian cricketer Hardik Pandya and Serbian actress Natasha Stankovic have decided to part ways, ending a relationship that captivated fans and followers worldwide. The news of their split has been making headlines, stirring a mixture of shock, sadness, and speculation among their supporters.
Narrated Business Proposal for the Philadelphia Eaglescamrynascott12
Slide 1:
Welcome, and thank you for joining me today. We will explore a strategic proposal to enhance parking and traffic management at Lincoln Financial Field, aiming to improve the overall fan experience and operational efficiency. This comprehensive plan addresses existing challenges and leverages innovative solutions to create a smoother and more enjoyable experience for our fans.
Slide 2:
Picture this: It’s a crisp fall afternoon, driving towards Lincoln Financial Field. The atmosphere is electric—tailgaters grilling, fans in Eagles jerseys creating a sea of green and white. The air buzzes with camaraderie and anticipation. You park, join the throng, and make your way to your seat. The stadium roars as the Eagles take the field, sending chills down your spine. Each play is a thrilling dance of strategy and skill. This is what being an Eagles fan is all about—the joy, the pride, and the shared experience.
Slide 3:
But now, the day is marred by frustration. The excitement wanes as you struggle to find a parking spot. The congestion is overwhelming, and tempers flare. The delays mean you miss the pre-game excitement, the tailgate camaraderie, and even the opening kick-off. After the game, the joy of victory or the shared solace of defeat is overshadowed by the stress of navigating out of the parking lot. The gridlock, honking horns, and endless waiting drain the energy and joy from what should have been an unforgettable experience.
Our proposal aims to eliminate these frustrations, ensuring that from arrival to departure, your experience is extraordinary. Efficient parking and smooth traffic flow are key to maintaining the high spirits and excitement that make game days special.
Slide 4:
The Philadelphia Eagles are not just a premier NFL team; they are an integral part of the community, hosting games, concerts, and various events at Lincoln Financial Field. Our state-of-the-art stadium is designed to provide a world-class experience for every attendee. Whether it's the thrill of game day, the excitement of a live concert, or the camaraderie of community events, we pride ourselves on delivering a fan-first experience and maintaining operational excellence across all our activities. Our commitment to our fans and community is unwavering, and we continuously strive to enhance every aspect of their experience, ensuring they leave with unforgettable memories.
Slide 5:
Recent trends show an increasing demand for efficient event logistics. Our customer feedback has consistently highlighted frustrations with parking and traffic. Surveys indicate that a significant number of fans are dissatisfied with the current parking situation. Comparisons with other venues like Citizens Bank Park and Wells Fargo Center reveal that we lag in terms of parking efficiency and convenience. These insights underscore the urgent need for innovation to meet and exceed fan expectations.
Slide 6:
As we delve into the intricacies of our operations, one glaring issue emer
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Sustancias prohibidas Ama 2017
1. THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
PROHIBITEDLIST
JANUARY2017
The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French.
In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail.
This List shall come into effect on 1 January 2017
2. 2
IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 4.2.2 OF THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE, ALL PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES SHALL
BE CONSIDERED AS “SPECIFIED SUBSTANCES” EXCEPT SUBSTANCES IN CLASSES S1, S2, S4.4, S4.5, S6.A, AND
PROHIBITED METHODS M1, M2 AND M3.
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
SUBSTANCES & METHODS
PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES
(IN- AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION)
NON-APPROVED SUBSTANCES
Any pharmacological substance which is not
addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the
List and with no current approval by any governmental
regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use
(e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development
or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved
only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times.
ANABOLIC AGENTS
Anabolic agents are prohibited.
1. ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS (AAS)
a. Exogenous* AAS, including:
1-Androstenediol (5α-androst-1-ene-3β,17β-diol);
1-Androstenedione (5α-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione);
1-Testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one);
4-Hydroxytestosterone (4,17β-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one);
Bolandiol (estr-4-ene-3β,17β-diol);
Bolasterone;
Calusterone;
Clostebol;
Danazol ([1,2]oxazolo[4',5':2,3]pregna-4-en-20-yn-17α-ol);
Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17β-hydroxy-
17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one);
Desoxymethyltestosterone (17α-methyl-5α-androst-
2-en-17β-ol);
Drostanolone;
Ethylestrenol (19-norpregna-4-en-17α-ol);
Fluoxymesterone;
Formebolone;
Furazabol (17α-methyl [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3',4':2,3]-5α-
androstan-17β-ol);
Gestrinone;
S0
S1
Mestanolone;
Mesterolone;
Metandienone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-
3-one);
Metenolone;
Methandriol;
Methasterone (17β-hydroxy-2α,17α-dimethyl-5α-
androstan-3-one);
Methyldienolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-
3-one);
Methyl-1-testosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-
androst-1-en-3-one);
Methylnortestosterone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-
3-one);
Methyltestosterone;
Metribolone (methyltrienolone, 17β-hydroxy-17α-
methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
Mibolerone;
Norboletone;
Norclostebol;
Norethandrolone;
Oxabolone;
Oxandrolone;
Oxymesterone;
Oxymetholone;
Prostanozol (17β-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy]-1'H-
pyrazolo[3,4:2,3]-5α-androstane);
Quinbolone;
Stanozolol;
Stenbolone;
Tetrahydrogestrinone (17-hydroxy-18a-homo-19-nor-17α-
pregna-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
Trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one);
and other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s).
3. 3
b. Endogenous** AAS when administered exogenously:
19-Norandrostenediol (estr-4-ene-3,17-diol);
19-Norandrostenedione (estr-4-ene-3,17-dione);
Androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol);
Androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione);
Boldenone;
Boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione);
Dihydrotestosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one);
Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone);
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA,
3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one);
Testosterone;
and their metabolites and isomers, including but
not limited to:
3β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one;
5α-Androst-2-ene-17-one;
5α-Androstane-3α,17α-diol;
5α-Androstane-3α,17β-diol;
5α-Androstane-3β,17α-diol;
5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol;
5β-Androstane-3α,17β-diol;
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA;
7β-Hydroxy-DHEA;
4-Androstenediol (androst-4-ene-3β, 17β-diol);
5-Androstenedione (androst-5-ene-3,17-dione);
7-Keto-DHEA;
19-Norandrosterone;
19-Noretiocholanolone;
Androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol;
Androst-4-ene-3α,17β-diol;
Androst-4-ene-3β,17α-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3α,17α-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3α,17β-diol;
Androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol;
Androsterone;
Epi-dihydrotestosterone;
Epitestosterone;
Etiocholanolone.
2. OTHER ANABOLIC AGENTS
Including, but not limited to:
• Clenbuterol;
• Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs, e.g.
andarine and ostarine);
• Tibolone;
• Zeranol;
• Zilpaterol.
For purposes of this section:
* “exogenous” refers to a substance which is not ordinarily
produced by the body naturally.
** “endogenous” refers to a substance which is ordinarily produced
by the body naturally.
PEPTIDE HORMONES, GROWTH FACTORS,
RELATED SUBSTANCES, AND MIMETICS
The following substances, and other substances with
similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s),
are prohibited:
1. Erythropoietin-Receptor agonists:
1.1 Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) including e.g.
Darbepoietin (dEPO);
Erythropoietins (EPO);
EPO-Fc;
EPO-mimetic peptides (EMP), e.g. CNTO 530 and
peginesatide;
GATA inhibitors, e.g. K-11706;
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA);
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitors,
e.g. sotatercept, luspatercept;
1.2 Non-erythropoietic EPO-Receptor agonists, e.g.
ARA-290;
Asialo EPO;
Carbamylated EPO.
2. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers, e.g. cobalt,
molidustat and roxadustat (FG-4592); and HIF activators,
e.g. argon and xenon.
S2
4. 4
3. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (CG) and Luteinizing Hormone
(LH) and their releasing factors, e.g. buserelin,
gonadorelin and leuprorelin, in males.
4. Corticotrophins and their releasing factors,
e.g. corticorelin.
5. Growth Hormone (GH) and its releasing factors including:
• Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and its
analogues, e.g. CJC-1295, sermorelin and
tesamorelin;
• Growth Hormone Secretagogues (GHS), e.g. ghrelin
and ghrelin mimetics, e.g. anamorelin and ipamorelin;
• GH-Releasing Peptides (GHRPs), e.g. alexamorelin,
GHRP-6, hexarelin, and pralmorelin (GHRP-2).
Additional prohibited growth factors:
Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs);
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF);
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and its analogues;
Mechano Growth Factors (MGFs);
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF);
Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and any other
growth factor affecting muscle, tendon or ligament protein
synthesis/degradation, vascularisation, energy utilization,
regenerative capacity, or fibre type switching.
BETA-2 AGONISTS
All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists,
including all optical isomers, are prohibited.
Including, but not limited to:
Fenoterol;
Formoterol;
Higenamine;
Indacaterol;
Olodaterol;
Procaterol;
Reproterol;
Salbutamol;
Salmeterol;
Terbutaline;
Vilanterol.
S3
Except:
• Inhaled salbutamol: maximum 1600 micrograms over
24 hours, not to exceed 800 micrograms every 12 hours;
• Inhaled formoterol: maximum delivered dose of
54 micrograms over 24 hours;
• Inhaled salmeterol: maximum 200 micrograms over
24 hours.
The presence in urine of salbutamol in excess of 1000 ng/mL
or formoterol in excess of 40 ng/mL is presumed not to be
an intended therapeutic use of the substance and will be
considered as an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless
the Athlete proves, through a controlled pharmacokinetic
study, that the abnormal result was the consequence of
the use of the therapeutic dose (by inhalation) up to the
maximum dose indicated above.
HORMONE AND METABOLIC
MODULATORS
The following hormone and metabolic modulators
are prohibited:
1. Aromatase inhibitors including, but not limited to:
4-Androstene-3,6,17 trione (6-oxo);
Aminoglutethimide;
Anastrozole;
Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (androstatrienedione);
Androsta-3,5-diene-7,17-dione (arimistane);
Exemestane;
Formestane;
Letrozole;
Testolactone.
2. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
including, but not limited to:
Raloxifene;
Tamoxifen;
Toremifene.
3. Other anti-estrogenic substances including, but not
limited to:
Clomiphene;
Cyclofenil;
Fulvestrant.
S4
5. 5
4. Agents modifying myostatin function(s) including, but
not limited, to: myostatin inhibitors.
5. Metabolic modulators:
5.1 Activators of the AMP-activated protein kinase
(AMPK), e.g. AICAR; and
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ
(PPARδ) agonists, e.g. GW 1516;
5.2 Insulins and insulin-mimetics;
5.3 Meldonium;
5.4 Trimetazidine.
DIURETICS AND MASKING AGENTS
The following diuretics and masking agents are
prohibited, as are other substances with a similar chemical
structure or similar biological effect(s).
Including, but not limited to:
• Desmopressin; probenecid; plasma expanders,
e.g. glycerol and intravenous administration of albumin,
dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and mannitol;
• Acetazolamide; amiloride; bumetanide; canrenone;
chlortalidone; etacrynic acid; furosemide; indapamide;
metolazone; spironolactone; thiazides, e.g. bendroflu-
methiazide, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide;
triamterene and vaptans, e.g. tolvaptan.
Except:
• Drospirenone; pamabrom; and ophthalmic use of
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. dorzolamide,
brinzolamide);
• Local administration of felypressin in dental
anaesthesia.
The detection in an Athlete’s Sample at all times or
In-Competition, as applicable, of any quantity of
the following substances subject to threshold
limits: formoterol, salbutamol, cathine, ephedrine,
methylephedrine and pseudoephedrine, in conjunction
with a diuretic or masking agent, will be considered as
an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) unless the Athlete
has an approved Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) for
that substance in addition to the one granted for the
diuretic or masking agent.
S5
PROHIBITED METHODS
MANIPULATION OF BLOOD AND
BLOOD COMPONENTS
The following are prohibited:
1. The Administration or reintroduction of any quantity of
autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous
blood, or red blood cell products of any origin into the
circulatory system.
2. Artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery
of oxygen.
Including, but not limited to:
Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified
haemoglobin products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood
substitutes and microencapsulated haemoglobin
products, excluding supplemental oxygen by inhalation.
3. Any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or
blood components by physical or chemical means.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
MANIPULATION
The following are prohibited:
1. Tampering, or Attempting to Tamper, to alter the
integrity and validity of Samples collected during
Doping Control.
Including, but not limited to:
Urine substitution and/or adulteration, e.g. proteases.
2. Intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than
50 mL per 6 hour period except for those legitimately
received in the course of hospital admissions, surgical
procedures or clinical investigations.
GENE DOPING
The following, with the potential to enhance sport
performance, are prohibited:
1. The transfer of polymers of nucleic acids or nucleic
acid analogues.
2. The use of normal or genetically modified cells.
M1
M2
M3
6. 6
IN ADDITION TO THE CATEGORIES S0 TO S5 AND M1 TO M3 DEFINED ABOVE, THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES
ARE PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION:
SUBSTANCES METHODS
PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION
PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
STIMULANTS
All stimulants, including all optical isomers, e.g.
d- and l- where relevant, are prohibited.
Stimulants include:
a: Non-Specified Stimulants:
Adrafinil;
Amfepramone;
Amfetamine;
Amfetaminil;
Amiphenazole;
Benfluorex;
Benzylpiperazine;
Bromantan;
Clobenzorex;
Cocaine;
Cropropamide;
Crotetamide;
Fencamine;
Fenetylline;
Fenfluramine;
Fenproporex;
Fonturacetam [4-phenylpiracetam (carphedon)];
Furfenorex;
Lisdexamfetamine;
Mefenorex;
Mephentermine;
Mesocarb;
Metamfetamine(d-);
p-methylamphetamine;
Modafinil;
Norfenfluramine;
Phendimetrazine;
Phentermine;
Prenylamine;
Prolintane.
A stimulant not expressly listed in this section
is a Specified Substance.
S6 b: Specified Stimulants.
Including, but not limited to:
4-Methylhexan-2-amine (methylhexaneamine);
Benzfetamine;
Cathine**;
Cathinone and its analogues, e.g. mephedrone,
methedrone, and α- pyrrolidinovalerophenone;
Dimethylamphetamine;
Ephedrine***;
Epinephrine**** (adrenaline);
Etamivan;
Etilamfetamine;
Etilefrine;
Famprofazone;
Fenbutrazate;
Fencamfamin;
Heptaminol;
Hydroxyamfetamine (parahydroxyamphetamine);
Isometheptene;
Levmetamfetamine;
Meclofenoxate;
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine;
Methylephedrine***;
Methylphenidate;
Nikethamide;
Norfenefrine;
Octopamine;
Oxilofrine (methylsynephrine);
Pemoline;
Pentetrazol;
Phenethylamine and its derivatives;
Phenmetrazine;
Phenpromethamine;
Propylhexedrine;
Pseudoephedrine*****;
7. 7
Selegiline;
Sibutramine;
Strychnine;
Tenamfetamine (methylenedioxyamphetamine);
Tuaminoheptane;
and other substances with a similar chemical structure
or similar biological effect(s).
Except:
• Clonidine;
• Imidazole derivatives for topical/ophthalmic use and
those stimulants included in the 2017 Monitoring
Program*.
* Bupropion, caffeine, nicotine, phenylephrine,
phenylpropanolamine, pipradrol, and synephrine: These
substances are included in the 2017 Monitoring Program, and
are not considered Prohibited Substances.
** Cathine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater
than 5 micrograms per milliliter.
*** Ephedrine and methylephedrine: Prohibited when the
concentration of either in urine is greater than 10 micrograms
per milliliter.
**** Epinephrine (adrenaline): Not prohibited in local administration,
e.g. nasal, ophthalmologic, or co-administration with local
anaesthetic agents.
***** Pseudoephedrine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine
is greater than 150 micrograms per milliliter.
NARCOTICS
Prohibited:
Buprenorphine;
Dextromoramide;
Diamorphine (heroin);
Fentanyl and its derivatives;
Hydromorphone;
Methadone;
Morphine;
Nicomorphine;
Oxycodone;
Oxymorphone;
Pentazocine;
Pethidine.
CANNABINOIDS
Prohibited:
• Natural, e.g. cannabis, hashish and marijuana, or
synthetic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
• Cannabimimetics, e.g. “Spice”, JWH-018, JWH-073,
HU-210.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
All glucocorticoids are prohibited when administered
by oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal routes.
S7
S8
S9
8. 8
SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED
IN PARTICULAR SPORTS
ALCOHOL
Alcohol (ethanol) is prohibited In-Competition only,
in the following sports. Detection will be conducted by
analysis of breath and/or blood. The doping violation
threshold is equivalent to a blood alcohol concentration
of 0.10 g/L.
• Air Sports (FAI) • Automobile (FIA)
• Archery (WA) • Powerboating (UIM)
P1
BETA-BLOCKERS
Beta-blockers are prohibited In-Competition only, in
the following sports, and also prohibited Out-of-Competition
where indicated.
• Archery (WA)*
• Automobile (FIA)
• Billiards (all disciplines) (WCBS)
• Darts (WDF)
• Golf (IGF)
• Shooting (ISSF, IPC)*
• Skiing/Snowboarding (FIS) in ski jumping, freestyle
aerials/halfpipe and snowboard halfpipe/big air
• Underwater sports (CMAS) in constant-weight apnoea
with or without fins, dynamic apnoea with and without
fins, free immersion apnoea, Jump Blue apnoea,
spearfishing, static apnoea, target shooting, and variable
weight apnoea.
*Also prohibited Out-of-Competition
Including, but not limited to:
Acebutolol; Labetalol;
Alprenolol; Levobunolol;
Atenolol; Metipranolol;
Betaxolol; Metoprolol;
Bisoprolol; Nadolol;
Bunolol; Oxprenolol;
Carteolol; Pindolol;
Carvedilol; Propranolol;
Celiprolol; Sotalol;
Esmolol; Timolol.
P2