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SAGS-GRADE 9-UNIT 1 MUSIC.pptx
- 1. OPENING PRAYER God OurFather, you endowed St. Albert the great, with the talent of combining wisdom with divine faith. Keep us true to his teaching that the advance of human knowledge may deepen our knowledge and love of you. Amen.
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- 4. Classroom Rules Bekind and respectful at all times. Use school appropriate language. Raise your hand if you want to speak. Pay attention and listen to your teacher and classmate when they are speaking. Take down notes. BE HAPPY ENJOY &and ALWAYS DO YOUR BEST
- 5. CHECK-IN: Which three emoji'stell the story of your day so far? Here’s mine:
- 6. UNIT 1 Music ofMedieval, Renaissance, and Baroque Periods LESSON 1: Music of Medieval Period LESSON 2: Music of Renaissance Period LESSON 3: Music of Baroque Period
- 7. Lesson 1: Music ofMedieval Period
- 8. “Where words leaveoff, music begins.” -Heinrich Heine
- 10. 1.What can yousay about the video you just watched? 2.How does music evolve? 3.Why does an era has its own musical characteristics and styles? Analysis
- 11. The Western music traditionand religious music development can be traced back in Europe during the medieval period from 400 CE to 1400 CE. It is called the Middle Ages, referring between the fall of the Roman Empire and the age of reawakening and discovery. The Medieval Period is also known as Middle Ages or Dark Ages that started the fall of the Roman Empire. During this time, the Christian Church influenced the Europe’s culture and political affairs.
- 12. There were manykinds of music created during the Middle Ages: • Music for the knights • For the nobles in the castles • Chants for the priests as they celebrated the Christian services in cathedrals and monasteries.
- 13. There were manykinds of music created during the Middle Ages: • Music for the knights • For the nobles in the castles • Chants for the priests as they celebrated the Christian services in cathedrals and monasteries. Sadly, most of the sacred music was never written down. Only music of the church is well-preserved because at that time only the people of the Church were educated. Later on, they devised a system to notate and copy music.
- 14. St. Gregory TheGreat GREGORIAN CHANT Gregorian Chant was the official music of the Roman Catholic Church. It Is referred to after Pope Gregory I the Great. It is also named as plainsong or plainchant.
- 15. Characteristics of Gregorian Chants Monophonic (music that is written for only one voice or part) Free meter Usually based on Latin Liturgy Use of Neume Notation Neume – it is a Gregorian notations that uses different signs, which are notes sung on single syllable. Each neume has a unique name. A square, a diamond, or a bold line represents a neume. • Always starts at the beginning of a syllable • Always read from left to right
- 16. Neume Description 1. PunctumThis is a single note. 2. Virga This is the same as punctum. 3. Podatus (pes) One note is written above another note like this: the bottom note is sung first, followed by the note above it. 4. Clivis (flexa) The higher note comes and is sung first. 5. Scandicus Three or more notes go upward and are sung from the bottom. 6. Salicus Three or more notes go upward, but the middle one has a vertical episema, slightly prolonging that note. 7. Climacus Three or more notes go downward; the first note is sung first. KINDS OF NEUME
- 17. Neume Description 8. Torculus(pes flexus) Three notes go up and then back down. 9. Porrectus (flexus resupinus) This has a high note, a low note and a high note. The line starts at the first note and goes down to the middle note. 10. Scandicus flexus Four notes go up and then drop down. 11. Porrectus flexus This is porrectus with a low note on the end. 12. Climacus resupinus This is the opposite of scandicus flexus. 13. Torculus resupinus One note skips upward. 14. Pes subbipunctus One note goes up and notes go down 15. Virga subtripinctis Four notes in a row go down. 16. Virga praetripunctis Four notes in a row go up. KINDS OF NEUME
- 18. TEXT SETTINGS SYLLABIC There isone assigned note for each syllable of text.
- 19. TEXT SETTINGS SYLLABIC There isone assigned note for each syllable of text. NEUMATIC A group of neumes is assigned to one syllable of text.
- 20. TEXT SETTINGS SYLLABIC There isone assigned note for each syllable of text. NEUMATIC A group of neumes is assigned to one syllable of text. melismatic There are many notes assigned to one to one syllable of text, usually combining several groups of neumes.
- 21. TEXT SETTINGS SYLLABIC There isone assigned note for each syllable of text. NEUMATIC A group of neumes is assigned to one syllable of text. melismatic There are many notes assigned to one to one syllable of text, usually combining several groups of neumes. psalmodic There are many syllables assigned to one note of text.
- 23. CHURCH MODES The churchmodes were scales used in both sacred and secular music. They composed of seven different tones and an eighth note that duplicates the first note an octave higher. Patterns of whole steps and half steps are different.
- 24. The church modeswere scales used in both sacred and secular music. They composed of seven different tones and an eighth note that duplicates the first note an octave higher. Patterns of whole steps and half steps are different. There are 8 church modes, classified as authentic and plagal. The 4 authentic modes were: dorian, phrygian, lydian, and mixolydian. The 4 plagal modes were: hypodorian, hypophrygian, hypolydian, and hypomixolydian. CHURCH MODES
- 25. Development of Melody Earlymedieval music was basically monophonic in texture. But the music transformed into one or more parts accompanying the original chant. It is usually in parallel motion of a fourth, a fifth, or an octave above or below. This is seen in the works of some famous medieval period composers.
- 26. Guillaume de Machaut(ca.1300 – 1377)
- 27. Guillaume de Machaut(ca. 1300 – 1377) Guillaume de Machaut was a French poet and composer. He was the first to write a polyphonic setting of the mass ordinary. In most of his four-part setting, he used the Ars Nova techniques of isorhythm, a repeated rhythmic pattern throughout one or more voices.
- 28. Did you knowthat. . . Gregorian is a German band headed by Frank Peterson, a German music producer. The band performs Gregorian chant-inspired versions of modern pop and rock songs
- 30. ORGANUM An early churchpolyphony. Organum consist of a Gregorian chant and one or more added musical lines above the chant A development of organum was introduced by Perotin and Leonin. Léonin was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name. Leonin is the first composer of polyphonic music who lived in the latter part of 12th century and earned extensive fame.
- 33. Polyphony is atype of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice, monophony, or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords, homophony.
- 34. • Motet isthe most important form of the early polyphonic music. • The term “motet” derives from French word mot, referring to the words that were added up to the vocal lines. • The composers during the 13th century added more than one new voice above plainchant, making three – and four –voice compositions of varied and rich texture Motet
- 35. Motet • Motet isthe most important form of the early polyphonic music. • The term “motet” derives from French word mot, referring to the words that were added up to the vocal lines. • The composers during the 13th century added more than one new voice above plainchant, making three – and four –voice compositions of varied and rich texture • Talea – in isorhythmic motet, the tenor line was subjected to a recurring rhythmic idea • Motets were composed for secular as well as religious functions. • The secular motet came to full being in the art of Machaut. •
- 37. MASS The mass isthe Roman Catholic Church’s central and leading worship service. Before the Machaut’s time, composers writing polyphony for the mass had set only one or two sections of what we called Proper of the Mass - the sections of the mass that are sung to texts that vary with each feast day. On the other hand, the Ordinary of the Mass had chants with unvarying texts that were sung almost every day.
- 39. TROuBADOURS Troubadours came fromthe word trobar meaning “to compose”, “to discuss”, or “to find”. Troubadours were travelling musicians who went from one village to the next, and many also travelled abroad. They performed chivalry and courtly romantic music. They were creators of words and melodies, playing for both commoners and nobility.
- 40. TROUVЀRES Trouvère refers topoet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours, both composing and performing lyric poetry.
- 41. Adam de la Halle (ca.1245 – 1288) Adam de la Halle was a French trouvere poet and composer. He is also known as Adam le Bossu or “ Adam the Hunchback”. Aside from being a trouvere, he was also an accomplished composer of rondeaux (two-part refrains), chansons motets (polyphonic choral compositions, and jeux partis (dialogue between two poets). De la Halle wrote his famous work Le Jeu de Robin et de Marion (The Play of Robin and Marian), around 1280s. It is in the form of pastourelle, a kind of heraldic piece that usually contains a dialogue between a knight and a peasant girl.
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- 44. TRUMPET This is longinstrument made of metal used for fanfares.
- 45. SACKBUT This resembles atrombone instrument. Early trombone, invented in the 15th century, probably in Burgundy. It has thicker walls than the modern trombone, imparting a softer tone, and its bell is narrower.
- 46. SHAWM This has areed (a small piece of wood) that vibrates against the tongue or lips to produce sound. This resembles an oboe instrument.
- 47. BAGPIPE This is anancient instrument made from a goat or sheep skin and a reed pipe. This is used by the poorest people.
- 48. NAKERS This is adrum instrument played in pairs.
- 49. TABOR This is asmall drum instrument made from the trunk of a tree or a metal with animal skin stretched across the top of the hollow part.
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- 51. FLUTE This is arecorder-like woodwind musical instrument. This is one of the favourite musical instruments of the minstrels to use when travelling.
- 52. RECORDER This is aflute-like woodwind musical instrument. This is held vertically from the lips of the player.
- 53. HARP This was afavourite musical instrument of the troubadours and minstrels.
- 54. FIDDLE This is abowed or plucked string instrument placed under the chin of the player.
- 55. LUTE This is apear-shaped plucked string instrument with bent neck and a fretted fingerboard.
- 56. POSITIVE ORGAN This is theprincipal musical instrument in monasteries and cathedrals during the late medieval period. This was the only instrument allowed by the church authorities.
Editor's Notes
- #18 This quote is written Heinrich Heine, who wrote many poems. This suggest that words have limitations as an expressive medium. Heine suggest that medium of music can be utilized to allow expression. For many people, music can be better for them to express a certain feeling than putting it into words, this is particularly important for those people or individuals who chose not to or have difficulties using words.
- #20 2. the evolution of music in the era has different unique styles and sounds that were made music talks about a wide variety of sounds, it can be about history, it can be political and also cultural, some expressed their feeling through music
- #22 in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor. Chant - to repeat or sing a word or phrase continuously: Noble – high rank
- #23 Through devising a system, the Church music spread to other monastic communities and was taught to succeeding generations.
- #24 During the Medieval period, Pope Gregory I made Gregorian Chants the approved music of the Catholic Church. It was named after him.
- #33 Medieval Mode, also known as Church Mode. Derived from ancient Greek music modes. The early Medieval church modes proposed by the ancient Roman theologian Boethius had eight modes: four normal modes and four sub modes. The range of the sub mode is five degrees lower than that of the normal mode. The musical scale in the Middle Ages is arranged from bottom to top, with four ending notes of Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, and Mixolydian.
- #35 Monophonic means using only a single line of music, unaccompanied by any other voices or instruments.
- #37 Ars nova refers to a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages. ARS NOVA OR NEW ART Isorhythm is a musical technique using a repeating rhythmic pattern, called a talea, in at least one voice part throughout a composition. Taleae are typically applied to one or more melodic patterns of pitches or colores, which may be of the same or a different length from the talea.
- #40 the organum was plainsong Latin chant with the addition of a second voice to add a simple harmony to the chant. The Gregorian chant was continuously performed in churches during the medieval period. Organum is, in general, a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony, developed in the Middle Ages Usuall, here in organum the soloist sings the original chant melody while the choir sings the other parts in parallel motion. early polyphony of the late Middle Ages that consists of one or more voice parts accompanying the cantus firmus often in parallel motion at a fourth, fifth, or octave above or below
- #41 This harmonizing technique, called organum, is the first true example of harmony. The first instances were extremely simple, consisting of adding a voice that exactly paralleled the original melody at the interval of a fourth or fifth (parallel organum).
- #42 This harmonizing technique, called organum, is the first true example of harmony. The first instances were extremely simple, consisting of adding a voice that exactly paralleled the original melody at the interval of a fourth or fifth (parallel organum).
- #45 Secular and religious concept were separated then as they are today. Machaut expanded the form of earlier century to integrate the new improvements made possible by Ars Nova, especially the greater variety and flexibility of rhythm.
- #47 With Machauts creativity, the idea of the Ordinary of the Mass was adopted universally in the West. Henceforth, in writing a polyphonic mass for the church, the composer set the 5 texts of the Ordinary of the Mass ( KYRIE – THE LORD HAVE MERCY, GLORIA, CREDO-CREED-SUMASAMPALATAYA, SANCTUS-HOLY, AGNUS DEI- LAMB OF GOD- KORDERO NG DIYOS. So they find ways to shape them musically into an integrated unit. The KYRIE by Machaut is one of the famous mass songs during this period.
- #48 performed by instruments and not by voices. The 14th century has seen the steady growth in the importance of instrumental music. Though art music was reserved for vocal music, instruments gradually found more and more useful.
- #49 What is a Troubadour? A troubadour was a composer and performer of music and poetry between the 11th and 13th centuries, originating in Occitania (a region in southern Europe). They were responsible for entertaining the nobility of the region, and traveled from city-to-city performing various songs and epic poetry for all classes of audiences. Troubadours were the primary source of secular music for audiences during the medieval period. The Occitan word trobador is widely regarded as the influencing origin of the French word troubadour, meaning "composer" or, "To compose, to discuss, or to invent." The exact etymology of the troubadour definition and word origins are varied with many alternative explanations. The first use of the word troubadour was found in the Occitan writings of Cercamon, one of the earliest troubadours in recorded history. Troubadours would travel to different villages or towns performing secular songs
- #50 The musical traditions shown by the troubadours were carried gradually to Northern France . The influenced of trouveres reached even to Germany, where their german counterparts were called minnesingers. Minnesinger - who performed songs of courtly love. he trouvères were a group of epic poets and musicians from northern France similar to the troubadours of southern France and Occitania. Unlike the troubadours, the trouvères wrote and performed in a dialect native to northern France.
- #51 What is a peasant girl? a a member of a class of low social status
- #52 Most of the medieval musicians used varied musical instruments. The different musical instrument were divided into two groups according to the amount of volume they produced. The loud or outdoor (hauts), and the soft or indoor (bas)
- #54 A fanfare is a short musical flourish that is typically played by trumpets,
- #66 Even if medieval musicians had access to a variety of musical instruments, little music was composed for instrumental performance.
- #67 During this period also, the measurement of time was one of the most important modes of human experience. Measurement was applied to music by means of a system of notation that regulated the two primary components of art : SOUND & TIME.