The Baroque Period of Western Music History circa 1600 to 1750 AD. It may derive from the word barroco in Portuguese meaning “irregular shape.” Originally used in a derogatory fashion to describe artistic trends of this time period, baroque has come to broadly refer to the century and a half beginning in 1600.
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The Baroque Period of Western Music History circa 1600 to 1750 AD. It may derive from the word barroco in Portuguese meaning “irregular shape.” Originally used in a derogatory fashion to describe artistic trends of this time period, baroque has come to broadly refer to the century and a half beginning in 1600.
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☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. What you should know?
• Medieval period is also
called Middle Ages
• Referring between the fall of
Roman empire and the age
reawakening and discovery.
• Music is based upon
religious subject.
3. • Choirs expressed faith
through beautiful melodies.
• By the 13th century,
magnificent works of
architecture, sculpture,
painting, music and poetry
appeared.
4. • Many kinds of music were
created during this Middle
Ages
–Music for the knights
–For the nobles in the
castles
–Chants for the priests
5. • Only the church music were
preserved.
• Later on, they devised a
system to notate and copy
music.
• Church music spread and
taught to succeeding
generations.
7. Gregorian Chant
• Official music of the Roman
Catholic Church
• Named after Pope Gregory I
• It is also named as plainsong
or plainchant
8. • Set to sacred Latin text
• It is monophonic
• It does not have harmony
nor counterpoint.
• Sung without any
accompaniment
• Male voices sing in unison.
9. • Originally it was a chant
passed along by oral tradition
but later on, they were
notated.
• They used the neume
notation.
• The Gregorian neume is
written on a four-line staff
11. Syllabic
• There is one assigned note
for each syllable of text.
Neumatic
• A group of neumes is assigned
to one syllable of text.
12. Melismatic
• There is are many notes
assigned to one syllable of text,
usually combining different
groups of neumes.
Psalmodic
• A are many syllables to one
note or text.
13. Church Modes
• Scale used in both secular and
sacred music.
• They composed of 7 different tones
and an eighth note that duplicates
the first note an octave higher.
• There are 8 church modes:
–Authentic
–Plagal
16. Development of Melody
• Monophonic in Texture
• But transformed into one or
more parts accompanying
the original chant.
17. Guillame de Machaut
• French poet and composer
• 1st to write a polyphonic
setting of the mass ordinary.
• He used the arts nova
technique of isorhythm
18. Organum
• An early church polyphony
• Consists of a Gregorian chant
and one or more musical lines
above the chant
• The soloist sings the original
chant melody while the choir
sings the other parts in parallel
motion
19. Motet
• One new voice above the
plainchant, making 3 or 4 voice
compositions.
• Most important form of
polyphonic music.
• Derives from the French word
mot, referring to the words that
were added to the vocal lines.
20. Mass
• Roman Catholic church’s
central and leading worship
service.
–Kyrie
–Gloria
–Credo
–Sanctus
–Agnus Dei
22. Troubadours
• Came from the word trobar
meaning “to compose”, “to
discuss” or “to find”
• They performed chivalry and
courtly romantic music.
• They play for both commoners
and nobility.
23. Trouveree
• They are composer-performers
• Their counterparts in Germany
were called minnesingers.
• Their songs are about love,
crusades, dance songs,
spinning songs
24. • The notation of their songs
does not show rhythm
• There were also minstrels and
jongleurs who were the
acrobat performers and
considered the lowest social
level.
25. Adam de la Halle
• He was a French trouvere, poet and
composer.
• He is an accomplished composer of
–Rondeux (two-part refrains)
–Chansons
–Motets ( polyphonic choral
compositions)
–Jeux-partis (dialogues between 2
parties)
37. Fiddle
• This is a bowed
or lucked string
instrument
placed under
the chin of the
player.
38. Lute
• This is a pear-shaped pluck string
instrument with a bent neck and a
fretted finger board.
39. Positive Organ
• This is the principal
musical instrument
in monasteries and
cathedrals during
the late medieval
period.
• The only
instrument allowed
by the church
authorities.