The document discusses group dynamics and challenges that can arise in support groups, such as problems related to leadership, boundaries, rules, goals, and the group subject. It provides remedies for these problems, including clear leadership, boundaries, rules of engagement, goals, and focusing discussions on common positive experiences. The document outlines group structures and processes facilitators can use to address negative group dynamics, such as limiting speaking time or discussing emotional stages, to keep groups functioning well.
This document defines key terms related to group dynamics and discusses their application in nursing service and education. It defines groups, group dynamics, and stages of group development. It also outlines different types of groups, reasons for group formation, theories of how groups are formed, objectives and features of group dynamics, and elements like roles, norms, and atmosphere that characterize group dynamics. The roles and behaviors that individuals take on within groups are described.
At the end of this orientation, you will be know:
- the importance of group rules,
- where your role in the group begins and ends,
- how to manage difficult behaviour, and
- the types of support you might need and where to find them.
Group relationships can be understood from traditional, interpretive, and critical perspectives. The traditional perspective focuses on communication competence in groups and views groups as organizational subsystems like quality circles, focus groups, and task forces. The interpretive perspective sees groups as social constructs defined by permeable boundaries and interdependence with contexts. Groups develop norms that influence conformity and sense-making around values and decision-making. The critical perspective, like Giddens' structuration theory, sees social structures as both enabling and constraining human action in a reciprocal relationship.
Bagi Pengunjung Slideshare yang Membutuhkan PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN, PERUBAHAN MANAJEMEN atau MANAJEMEN SECARA UMUM ataupun MANAJEMEN SDM, DLL maka Anda dapat menghubungi Kami di : 0878-7063-5053 (Fast Response) dengan HARD-Hi SMART CONSULTING
Group dynamics refers to the social processes and interactions within small groups. There are several theories that describe how groups develop over time, typically progressing through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Understanding group dynamics is important for leaders to guide group members towards successfully completing tasks and establishing roles, norms, cohesion, and commitment within the group.
The document outlines the 6 steps of the problem solving process in groups: 1) identify and define the problem, 2) analyze the problem, 3) determine criteria for judging solutions, 4) identify alternative solutions, 5) evaluate solutions and decide on one, and 6) implement the agreed-upon solution. It provides details on each step, such as how to write an effective problem definition, questions to guide problem analysis, how to set criteria, techniques for brainstorming alternatives, and considerations for evaluating solutions and making a decision.
Mod 4_Lifeskills updated-2.pptx Presentationnijamnveloor
This document provides information on group and team dynamics. It discusses the definition and characteristics of groups, types of groups (formal and informal), composition of groups (homogeneous and heterogeneous), and stages of group formation (forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning). It also covers topics like group thinking, clarifying expectations, group problem solving, achieving group consensus, differences between groups and teams, team dynamics, strategies for boosting team dynamics, causes of poor group dynamics, virtual teams, and managing team performance.
This document defines key terms related to group dynamics and discusses their application in nursing service and education. It defines groups, group dynamics, and stages of group development. It also outlines different types of groups, reasons for group formation, theories of how groups are formed, objectives and features of group dynamics, and elements like roles, norms, and atmosphere that characterize group dynamics. The roles and behaviors that individuals take on within groups are described.
At the end of this orientation, you will be know:
- the importance of group rules,
- where your role in the group begins and ends,
- how to manage difficult behaviour, and
- the types of support you might need and where to find them.
Group relationships can be understood from traditional, interpretive, and critical perspectives. The traditional perspective focuses on communication competence in groups and views groups as organizational subsystems like quality circles, focus groups, and task forces. The interpretive perspective sees groups as social constructs defined by permeable boundaries and interdependence with contexts. Groups develop norms that influence conformity and sense-making around values and decision-making. The critical perspective, like Giddens' structuration theory, sees social structures as both enabling and constraining human action in a reciprocal relationship.
Bagi Pengunjung Slideshare yang Membutuhkan PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN, PERUBAHAN MANAJEMEN atau MANAJEMEN SECARA UMUM ataupun MANAJEMEN SDM, DLL maka Anda dapat menghubungi Kami di : 0878-7063-5053 (Fast Response) dengan HARD-Hi SMART CONSULTING
Group dynamics refers to the social processes and interactions within small groups. There are several theories that describe how groups develop over time, typically progressing through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Understanding group dynamics is important for leaders to guide group members towards successfully completing tasks and establishing roles, norms, cohesion, and commitment within the group.
The document outlines the 6 steps of the problem solving process in groups: 1) identify and define the problem, 2) analyze the problem, 3) determine criteria for judging solutions, 4) identify alternative solutions, 5) evaluate solutions and decide on one, and 6) implement the agreed-upon solution. It provides details on each step, such as how to write an effective problem definition, questions to guide problem analysis, how to set criteria, techniques for brainstorming alternatives, and considerations for evaluating solutions and making a decision.
Mod 4_Lifeskills updated-2.pptx Presentationnijamnveloor
This document provides information on group and team dynamics. It discusses the definition and characteristics of groups, types of groups (formal and informal), composition of groups (homogeneous and heterogeneous), and stages of group formation (forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning). It also covers topics like group thinking, clarifying expectations, group problem solving, achieving group consensus, differences between groups and teams, team dynamics, strategies for boosting team dynamics, causes of poor group dynamics, virtual teams, and managing team performance.
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR- UNIT-3-BBA- OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, Group Dynamics, Processes of Groups, The Development of Work Teams, Types of Groups and Teams, Informal Groups, Work Teams, Functional Work Teams, Multidisciplinary Teams, Self-Managing Teams, High-Performance Teams, Cohesiveness, Determinates of cohesiveness, Factors that influence cohesion, Group Cohesiveness , Group Decision-Making , Decision-Making Process, Technological Aids to Decision-Making, TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS, THE EGO STATES, GAMES ANALYSIS, BENEFITS AND UTILITY OF TRANSACATIONAL ANALYSIS, Johari Window.Johari window four quadrants.
D1 Final Group Dynamics & Team BuildingBasic MCI Coursr.pptxParulSinha25
This document discusses group dynamics and team building. It defines the differences between a crowd, group, and team. A team is a collection of people with complementary abilities working together toward common goals. Effective teamwork requires skills like listening, questioning, persuading, and respecting others. Teams go through stages of forming, storming, norming, and performing as they mature. Key aspects of effective teams include appropriate leadership, clear goals, defined roles, and periodic evaluation. The role of the leader is to help all members feel included and bring out the strengths of each individual. Managing group dynamics through techniques like active listening and consensus building helps discussions flow smoothly. Working as a team leads to greater productivity, creativity, and higher quality outcomes
Group Dynamic(presentation for nursing management)ABHIJIT BHOYAR
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics)
1. Described the differences between formal and informal groups, as well as the four main types of groups: command, task, interest, and friendship.
2. Explained how roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness impact group behavior and performance. It discussed how these factors can be leveraged by managers.
3. Discussed techniques for effective group decision-making and potential pitfalls like groupthink. It also covered how group processes like conformity and shift can influence decisions.
4. Defined teams and contrasted them with work groups. It described different types of teams and presented a model for team effectiveness with key roles and considerations for creating effective teams.
Teamwork involves people working together for a common purpose under shared values. Effective teamwork relies on strong interpersonal skills and open communication. While conflict is inevitable, strategies like listening, sharing information, asking questions, and participating fully can help teams resolve disagreements and work productively together. The key aspects of teamwork are shared responsibility, open communication, and maintaining a cooperative attitude.
This document outlines an agenda for a webinar on facilitating therapeutic groups and diversional activities. The webinar will cover basic concepts of activities, stages of group development, qualities of an effective facilitator, and how to evaluate group effectiveness. It will discuss therapeutic groups as goal-directed activities aimed at meeting psychosocial needs through a trained facilitator. Diversional activities are meant to encourage expression, socialization, and daily living skills. The webinar will provide guidance on forming therapeutic groups, the roles of facilitators, and documenting group processes and outcomes.
Group dynamics involves how people interact and behave in groups. There are different types of groups like primary groups of close friends and family, secondary groups like organizations, and planned groups formed for a purpose. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are effective when they balance task functions like decision making with maintenance functions like building relationships and addressing members' personal needs. Groups can benefit members but also have risks like oppressing some and creating conflicts.
This document provides an overview of effective teamwork. It defines what a team is, how teams differ from groups, and why teamwork is important in healthcare. The document discusses types of teams and when to use teams versus other decision-making structures. It also covers team competencies like communication, decision-making, problem-solving, roles, and stages of team development. Key characteristics of effective teams are presented, such as having a clear goal, commitment among members, and diversity. The four stages of team development - forming, storming, norming, and performing - are also outlined.
This document discusses high performing teams and provides guidance on team dynamics, characteristics, and coaching. It explains that high performing teams have clear goals and missions, balanced participation, effective decision making processes, and shared leadership. Team members are reliable, flexible, and respectful, while utilizing their diverse skills. The document also outlines different leadership and coaching styles, emphasizing the importance of communication, motivation, and holding members accountable. Coaching involves building rapport, active listening, questioning skills, and providing constructive feedback.
The document discusses high performing teams and team leadership. It defines what makes a team different than a work group, outlines the characteristics of high performing teams including clear goals and roles, balanced participation, and effective decision making. It describes the stages of team development from orientation to termination. Qualities of strong team members are discussed such as active participation, communication, and problem solving. Effective team leadership is described as facilitating the team and removing obstacles so the team can perform at its highest level.
This document discusses relational leadership, which focuses on purposefully, inclusively, empoweringly, and ethically guiding a group through a process of positive change. Relational leadership values understanding diverse viewpoints, developing all group members' talents, examining exclusionary practices, and involving external stakeholders. It emphasizes ethical and values-driven leadership through example, as well as intentional cooperation, reflection, and meaning-making. Relational leaders create commitment through participation, manage team politics, and work within existing structures to collaboratively make fair decisions and achieve common goals.
This document outlines a 7-step process for building an effective team:
1) Explain benefits of teamwork and get input on improvements
2) Clarify each member's role and how their work benefits the organization
3) Develop goals and metrics to measure success
4) Decide how to accomplish goals through improved processes or communication
5) Provide regular feedback and problem-solving support
6) Encourage collaboration by pairing complementary skills
7) Celebrate successes and recognize each member's contributions
Group dynamics refers to the social processes and interactions within small groups. It involves understanding how groups form, develop through various stages, and achieve goals through cooperation and leadership. Key aspects of group dynamics include communication, decision making, influence, task roles, and the development of group norms and cohesion over time. As a leader, understanding group dynamics is important for guiding individuals, resolving conflicts, and ensuring the effective functioning of teams.
Group therapy involves two or more clients interacting with each other and a therapist to address psychological issues. It has roots in the early 1900s for treating tuberculosis patients, and was later used for soldiers in WWII and those seeking personal growth. The main goals are to help clients identify maladaptive behaviors, address emotional difficulties through feedback, and provide a supportive environment. Types include psychoeducational, counseling, and psychotherapy groups. Key therapeutic factors include universality, altruism, and developing social skills. Group therapy can benefit those struggling with addiction, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
The document discusses teamwork and its importance in the workplace. It describes how American manufacturers fell behind foreign competitors in the 1980s due to lack of quality and efficiency. Japanese manufacturers used teamwork approaches like Total Quality Management and Quality Circles which emphasized continuous improvement, empowerment, and collaboration. The document then outlines the stages of team development, characteristics of effective team members, factors for team success, and both constructive and destructive roles that individuals can take on in a team.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on advanced practice in group facilitation and integrating motivational skills and strategies. The learning objectives are to resist the "righting reflex" in favor of partnership, acceptance, compassion and evocation. It also aims to practice the foundational skills of motivational interviewing including open questions, affirmations, reflections and summaries. The workshop covers content versus process in groups, stages and tasks of group development, challenges that may arise and best practices in group facilitation including the "spirit" of motivational interviewing. It demonstrates agenda mapping, open versus closed questions, examples of affirmations and reflections, and practicing reflective listening skills.
Another essential function of leadership is encouraging team spirit. There is a saying that if you have a handful of dry grass you can use each individual blade to sweep a floor but it is much more effective to combine them into a brush. In the same way individual employees working alone, however motivated they might be, are nowhere as effective as when they work as a team.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
Contact @ +971 529818279
Visit @ https://malayalikeralaspaajman.com/
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...Media Logic
When it comes to creating marketing strategies that target older adults, it is crucial to have insight into their media habits and preferences. Understanding how older adults consume and use media is key to creating acquisition and retention strategies. We recently conducted our seventh annual survey to gain insight into the media preferences of older adults in 2024. Here are the survey responses and marketing implications that stood out to us.
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR- UNIT-3-BBA- OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, Group Dynamics, Processes of Groups, The Development of Work Teams, Types of Groups and Teams, Informal Groups, Work Teams, Functional Work Teams, Multidisciplinary Teams, Self-Managing Teams, High-Performance Teams, Cohesiveness, Determinates of cohesiveness, Factors that influence cohesion, Group Cohesiveness , Group Decision-Making , Decision-Making Process, Technological Aids to Decision-Making, TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS, THE EGO STATES, GAMES ANALYSIS, BENEFITS AND UTILITY OF TRANSACATIONAL ANALYSIS, Johari Window.Johari window four quadrants.
D1 Final Group Dynamics & Team BuildingBasic MCI Coursr.pptxParulSinha25
This document discusses group dynamics and team building. It defines the differences between a crowd, group, and team. A team is a collection of people with complementary abilities working together toward common goals. Effective teamwork requires skills like listening, questioning, persuading, and respecting others. Teams go through stages of forming, storming, norming, and performing as they mature. Key aspects of effective teams include appropriate leadership, clear goals, defined roles, and periodic evaluation. The role of the leader is to help all members feel included and bring out the strengths of each individual. Managing group dynamics through techniques like active listening and consensus building helps discussions flow smoothly. Working as a team leads to greater productivity, creativity, and higher quality outcomes
Group Dynamic(presentation for nursing management)ABHIJIT BHOYAR
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics)
1. Described the differences between formal and informal groups, as well as the four main types of groups: command, task, interest, and friendship.
2. Explained how roles, norms, status, size, and cohesiveness impact group behavior and performance. It discussed how these factors can be leveraged by managers.
3. Discussed techniques for effective group decision-making and potential pitfalls like groupthink. It also covered how group processes like conformity and shift can influence decisions.
4. Defined teams and contrasted them with work groups. It described different types of teams and presented a model for team effectiveness with key roles and considerations for creating effective teams.
Teamwork involves people working together for a common purpose under shared values. Effective teamwork relies on strong interpersonal skills and open communication. While conflict is inevitable, strategies like listening, sharing information, asking questions, and participating fully can help teams resolve disagreements and work productively together. The key aspects of teamwork are shared responsibility, open communication, and maintaining a cooperative attitude.
This document outlines an agenda for a webinar on facilitating therapeutic groups and diversional activities. The webinar will cover basic concepts of activities, stages of group development, qualities of an effective facilitator, and how to evaluate group effectiveness. It will discuss therapeutic groups as goal-directed activities aimed at meeting psychosocial needs through a trained facilitator. Diversional activities are meant to encourage expression, socialization, and daily living skills. The webinar will provide guidance on forming therapeutic groups, the roles of facilitators, and documenting group processes and outcomes.
Group dynamics involves how people interact and behave in groups. There are different types of groups like primary groups of close friends and family, secondary groups like organizations, and planned groups formed for a purpose. Groups go through stages of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Groups are effective when they balance task functions like decision making with maintenance functions like building relationships and addressing members' personal needs. Groups can benefit members but also have risks like oppressing some and creating conflicts.
This document provides an overview of effective teamwork. It defines what a team is, how teams differ from groups, and why teamwork is important in healthcare. The document discusses types of teams and when to use teams versus other decision-making structures. It also covers team competencies like communication, decision-making, problem-solving, roles, and stages of team development. Key characteristics of effective teams are presented, such as having a clear goal, commitment among members, and diversity. The four stages of team development - forming, storming, norming, and performing - are also outlined.
This document discusses high performing teams and provides guidance on team dynamics, characteristics, and coaching. It explains that high performing teams have clear goals and missions, balanced participation, effective decision making processes, and shared leadership. Team members are reliable, flexible, and respectful, while utilizing their diverse skills. The document also outlines different leadership and coaching styles, emphasizing the importance of communication, motivation, and holding members accountable. Coaching involves building rapport, active listening, questioning skills, and providing constructive feedback.
The document discusses high performing teams and team leadership. It defines what makes a team different than a work group, outlines the characteristics of high performing teams including clear goals and roles, balanced participation, and effective decision making. It describes the stages of team development from orientation to termination. Qualities of strong team members are discussed such as active participation, communication, and problem solving. Effective team leadership is described as facilitating the team and removing obstacles so the team can perform at its highest level.
This document discusses relational leadership, which focuses on purposefully, inclusively, empoweringly, and ethically guiding a group through a process of positive change. Relational leadership values understanding diverse viewpoints, developing all group members' talents, examining exclusionary practices, and involving external stakeholders. It emphasizes ethical and values-driven leadership through example, as well as intentional cooperation, reflection, and meaning-making. Relational leaders create commitment through participation, manage team politics, and work within existing structures to collaboratively make fair decisions and achieve common goals.
This document outlines a 7-step process for building an effective team:
1) Explain benefits of teamwork and get input on improvements
2) Clarify each member's role and how their work benefits the organization
3) Develop goals and metrics to measure success
4) Decide how to accomplish goals through improved processes or communication
5) Provide regular feedback and problem-solving support
6) Encourage collaboration by pairing complementary skills
7) Celebrate successes and recognize each member's contributions
Group dynamics refers to the social processes and interactions within small groups. It involves understanding how groups form, develop through various stages, and achieve goals through cooperation and leadership. Key aspects of group dynamics include communication, decision making, influence, task roles, and the development of group norms and cohesion over time. As a leader, understanding group dynamics is important for guiding individuals, resolving conflicts, and ensuring the effective functioning of teams.
Group therapy involves two or more clients interacting with each other and a therapist to address psychological issues. It has roots in the early 1900s for treating tuberculosis patients, and was later used for soldiers in WWII and those seeking personal growth. The main goals are to help clients identify maladaptive behaviors, address emotional difficulties through feedback, and provide a supportive environment. Types include psychoeducational, counseling, and psychotherapy groups. Key therapeutic factors include universality, altruism, and developing social skills. Group therapy can benefit those struggling with addiction, anxiety, depression, and OCD.
The document discusses teamwork and its importance in the workplace. It describes how American manufacturers fell behind foreign competitors in the 1980s due to lack of quality and efficiency. Japanese manufacturers used teamwork approaches like Total Quality Management and Quality Circles which emphasized continuous improvement, empowerment, and collaboration. The document then outlines the stages of team development, characteristics of effective team members, factors for team success, and both constructive and destructive roles that individuals can take on in a team.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on advanced practice in group facilitation and integrating motivational skills and strategies. The learning objectives are to resist the "righting reflex" in favor of partnership, acceptance, compassion and evocation. It also aims to practice the foundational skills of motivational interviewing including open questions, affirmations, reflections and summaries. The workshop covers content versus process in groups, stages and tasks of group development, challenges that may arise and best practices in group facilitation including the "spirit" of motivational interviewing. It demonstrates agenda mapping, open versus closed questions, examples of affirmations and reflections, and practicing reflective listening skills.
Another essential function of leadership is encouraging team spirit. There is a saying that if you have a handful of dry grass you can use each individual blade to sweep a floor but it is much more effective to combine them into a brush. In the same way individual employees working alone, however motivated they might be, are nowhere as effective as when they work as a team.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
Contact @ +971 529818279
Visit @ https://malayalikeralaspaajman.com/
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...Media Logic
When it comes to creating marketing strategies that target older adults, it is crucial to have insight into their media habits and preferences. Understanding how older adults consume and use media is key to creating acquisition and retention strategies. We recently conducted our seventh annual survey to gain insight into the media preferences of older adults in 2024. Here are the survey responses and marketing implications that stood out to us.
Ensure the highest quality care for your patients with Cardiac Registry Support's cancer registry services. We support accreditation efforts and quality improvement initiatives, allowing you to benchmark performance and demonstrate adherence to best practices. Confidence starts with data. Partner with Cardiac Registry Support. For more details visit https://cardiacregistrysupport.com/cancer-registry-services/
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Healthaghedogodday
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...bkling
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
Malayali Kerala Spa in Ajman, one among the top rated massage centre in ajman, welcomes you to experience high quality massage services from massage staffs from all ove rthe world! Being the best spa massage service providers, we take pride in offering traditional massage services of different countries, like
Indian Massage, Kerala Massage, Thai Massage, Pakistani Massage, Russian Massage etc
If you are seeking relaxation, pain relief, or wellness experience, our ajman spa is here for your unique needs and concerns. The services of our experienced therapists, and personalized attention will ensure that each visit will be memorable for you.
Book your appointment today and let us take you to a world of serenity and self-care. Because you deserves the best.
THE SPECIAL SENCES- Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound...Nursing Mastery
Title: Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and Balance
Introduction:
Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
The special senses are our primary means of experiencing and interpreting the environment, each sense providing unique and vital information that shapes our perceptions and responses. These senses are facilitated by highly specialized organs and complex neural pathways, enabling us to see a vibrant sunset, hear a symphony, savor a delicious meal, detect a fragrant flower, and maintain our equilibrium.
In this presentation, we will:
Visual System (Sight): Dive into the anatomy and physiology of the eye, exploring how light is converted into electrical signals and processed by the brain to create the images we see. Understand common vision disorders and the mechanisms behind corrective measures like glasses and contact lenses.
Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
Join us as we unlock the wonders of the special senses and gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms that allow us to experience the richness of our environment.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
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Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
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2. GOAL
• The goal of this presentation is to help the
trainees understand the Group model gives
them the tools to deal with the kinds of
problems that occur in support groups and to
keep the group discussion going.
3. Importance of leaning group dynamics
• To help navigate around the predictable
negative group dynamics which can
destroy a successful group process
• A support group can operate much like a
personality with a will of its own, and that
collective group willfulness can pull even
the most experienced facilitator off course
4. Group Dynamics
What is a group?
Two or more people interacting with each other
2= Dyad
3= Trio
10-15 = Work Group
20-500 = Audience
200-1000 = Crowd
5. Group Dynamics
• Support Groups are peer working
groups of 10-15 people
• Support groups should be maintained at
this size
6. What are Group Dynamics?
• Groups act and react as individuals do
• Groups have many of the same dynamic
(interactive) problems as individuals
• If you understand how individuals react in
certain circumstances, you can explain
problems that arise in groups.
7. Dynamic issues that concern groups
• Leadership
• Boundaries
• Rules
• Goals
• Subject Matter
8. Problems in group dynamics
• Related to leadership
• Related to group boundaries
• Related to observing group rules
• Related to group goals
• Related to our specific group subject –
mental illness
9. Problems related to
Leadership
• Facilitator can’t lead the group
• Facilitator doesn’t step in and say ‘stop now and give someone else a chance’
• Facilitator acts like a ‘dictator’ pushing ideas onto the group
• Facilitators don’t help the group stay on topic
• Turnover in leadership
• Not enough diversity in group membership
• Lack of outreach
• The same people dominate every meeting
• Conflicts about who is the leader
• One person monopolizes the meeting, or
• Meetings spiral off into political or religious discussions.”
10. Problems related to
Group Boundaries
•People come a few times, then stop or don’t show
up regularly
•New people feel uncomfortable around ‘regulars’
•Group is too large for safe sharing
•Cliques develop: ‘us’ and ‘them’ groups, or
•Difficulty with advertising and getting the word
out.”
11. Problems related to
Observing Group Rules
• People make derogatory remarks that hurt someone’s
feelings
• A ‘nasty’ individual who is always negative, always mean
• Personality clashes disrupt the meeting
• Canceling meetings or changing the time, or
• Posting format changes and expecting compliance
overnight.”
12. Problems related to
Group Goals
• Meetings have no structure
• Facilitators are untrained or unfocused
• Meetings become purely a social activity
• The group becomes too dependent on the Facilitators and is
not empowered, or
• Meetings spiral down into ‘gripe sessions’—this can result
in positive feelings being held back and not expressed due
to a fear of sharing because everyone is complaining”
13. Problems related to the
Group Subject – Mental Illness
• People dwell on the past; not staying in the present
• Lack of visible progress is discouraging
• Crisis, traumatic events and intense emotions overwhelm the group
• People want immediate answers; the magic pill
• People focus only on refusal to get treatment or lack of insight rather
than on the issues that they can control
• Facilitators feel threatened by people who don’t talk, or
• People reject/disregard useful suggestions; they remain “stuck” (yes,
you will learn to “unstick” people!).”
14. What is the remedy for these
problems?
• A Capable Leader
• Clear Boundaries
• Stating and Enforcing Rules of
Relationship
• Clarifying Goals and Purposes
• Identifying the “Common Cause” in a
Positive and Optimistic Manner
16. A well-functioning Support Group
• Has a skilled Facilitator
• Does its own work
• Involves as many group members as
possible
• Encourages self-enforced observation
of behavior guidelines
17. A well-functioning support group
• Allows group members to feel they have
contributed
• Provides strategies
• Connects participants to resources and
services
• Makes members feel they have benefited
from attending
19. What Facilitators need to know
• To recognize problems in group
dynamics – there are cues that the
Facilitator needs to transition the group
• Know what structure or group process
to use to remedy the problem
• Have the skills to shift the group from
where they are to where they need to
go
20. Cues and Remedies
• Each Structure and Group Process
exists to remedy a particular set of
negative dynamics that commonly
occur in support groups.
• Strategies help to shift the group
smoothly and naturally
22. Dynamics and Remedies
When you hear this Cue:
• Someone taking too long during
Opening Stories
Move to this Structure: Agenda
• 1-2 minute time limit for Opening
Stories
23. When you hear this Cue:
• A “downer” meeting needs to be closed
on a positive note
Move to this Structure: Agenda
• Closing
24. When you hear this Cue:
• People can’t stay in the present
Move to this Structure: Group
Guidelines
• Keep it in the here and now
25. When you hear this Cue:
• Someone or the group is negative
or hopeless
Move to this Structure:
Principles of Support
A principle can represent something we
can all strive for
26. When you hear this Cue:
Someone expresses intense feelings
(emotional stage reactions of feeling
overwhelmed, anger, grief)
Move to this Structure:
Emotional Stages Chart
• Acknowledge that strong emotions fall
within the predictable stages of emotional
response
27. When you hear this Cue:
• Someone relates a traumatic event
(violence, involuntary commitment, arrest,
disappearance, suicide, or traumatic loss)
Move to this Process: Hot Potatoes
A step by step way to address traumatic
events and close the discussion of the
trauma on a positive note
28. When you hear this Cue:
A basic issue or question can be clarified
by the group
Move to this Process: Group
Wisdom
Provide basic information or helpful and
constructive ideas to a group member,
share coping suggestions
29. When you hear this Cue:
A discouraged person needs new options
to solve a long-standing problem which
they keep bringing back to the group and
nothing suggested seems to work
Move to this Process: Problem
Solving
Moves person away from what doesn’t
work by offering new/different options to
approach their problem
30. Group Facilitators
• “Take charge” when shifting the group
and then step back to let the group do
its own work
• Shouldn’t sound or act like therapists
• Provide a safe, nurturing place
Editor's Notes
“
Trainer read the slide.
“Support Groups are ideally peer working groups of 10-15 people who are joined together for mutual understanding and support for coping with the challenges of caring for a loved one living with serious and persistent mental illnesses.
Support groups should be maintained at this size to avoid the dynamics that occur in an audience – that is, the larger the group the lower the verbal participation rate.
You may start out with less than 10-15 and that’s okay. No matter what size group you have, people are benefiting from meeting together and groups can grow.”
Trainer read the slide.
Trainer read the slide, then read the following:
“Leadership: Reaction to authority.
Boundaries: Who is ‘us’/who isn’t ‘us’.
Rules: How are we supposed to relate to each other and treat each other?
Goals: What are we here to do and what is our function?
Subject Matter: Why are we joining together, what is our common cause?
Groups (and individuals) can react to these issues cooperatively or resist the requirement for collaboration.
• One person in a dyad can challenge the authority of the other (as any parent of a 3 year old knows).
• A trio can regroup into 2 against 1.
• A work group can divide into cliques.
• An audience can suspend the rules and leave.
• A crowd can become unruly and turn into a mob.”
“What is the remedy and what must be present to counter the resistance and non-cooperation that can occur?
Simply, structure.
When a group encounters difficult feelings, new situations, and tough problems (which is the very nature of support groups) it is necessary to provide structure.
Structure provides both the individual and the group indispensable tools to handle most situations. These include:
1. A capable leader who will ask others to share responsibility for maintaining the agreements and norms that exist
2. Clear boundaries (open to anyone with a family member with a mental illness/closed to those who want to attend as observers of the support group)
3. Stating and enforcing the rules of how the group members relate to each other
4. Clarifying goals and purposes so they are well understood
5. Identifying the ‘common cause’ in a positive and optimistic manner
If these elements of structure are not in place, maintaining group cohesion becomes difficult.”
“Problem dynamics often are challenges to leadership and group goals:
People tolerate someone taking leadership away from the facilitator, or
The facilitator responds to these dynamics by becoming too dominating, or
The group becomes apathetic and depends on the facilitator to do all the work.
When this happens, negative group dynamics start to ‘rule’.
For group work to remain positive and cooperative, every individual in the group needs to feel
Valued
Important
Involved
Included
…and they need to feel that their participation partially accounts for the success of the group meeting.”
“So, how do we define a ‘well-functioning’ support group? Such a group:
• Has a Facilitator skilled in using various elements of structure to counter group resistance and engage participants in group work.
• Provides ways for the group to ‘do its own work’ so that the Facilitator does not dominate the meeting.
• Involves as many group members as possible in group discussions so that no one group member monopolizes the proceedings.
• Encourages participants to conform to shared behavioral guidelines and to observe them in a self-enforcing way.”
“Such a group:
Allows group members to feel they have contributed something to others in the group.
Provides strategies that will circumvent negativity and hopelessness.
Connects participants to resources and service organizations in their community, state and nation.
Makes group members feel they have directly benefited from attending the support group.”
Keep going – we’ll get there!
Take a break here if time allows before proceeding with the Cues and Remedies portion. If there isn’t time for a 10-15 minute break, have the participants stand and stretch, then have another trainer take over the presentation.
Direct the group back to slide (“a well-functioning support group”).
“Now you know why we need a model.”