S aleh logic gates --

Department Vocational Pedagogy
Vocational Pedagogy CLASS: EM-6 AVP-2_Lesson Preparation
AVP-2 – Lesson Preparation
o Topic: Logic Circuits- Logic expressions and its representation using logic gates.
o Date and Time: 22/10/2014

Table of Contents
1. Didactic Reflection ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Curriculum Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Content Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Didactic Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 General Learning Objectives: ......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Specific Learning Objectives:.......................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Overview of the Intended Process ................................................................................................. 6
2. Application of Didactic Principles....................................................................................................... 8
3. List of attached teaching material...................................................................................................... 8
4. References ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Formal Requirements1
 DIN A4, portrait.
 Line spacing is: 1.5 (about 32 lines per page)
 Font: Arial
 Font size for “normal” text: 12 pt
 Page margins: left and top 3 cm; right and bottom 2.5 cm
 Page numbering starts after Table of Contents i.e. Didactic Reflection is page 1
1 Based on the formal requirements of the Bachelor Thesis at TTC.

Page 1 of 7
1. Didactic Reflection
1.1 Curriculum Analysis
- The name of the course is “programmable control technology “and the code is (ELT201). The
contact hours for this course are 1 hour of lecture and 2 hours of practical.
- This course presents applied and experimental study for the use of programmable logic
controller. It also enables the trainee to draw the control circuits, and programs the PLC with
needed program for industrial applications. This course has prerequisite which is Electrical
Circuits-II.
- The general objectives of this course is to train the trainees the construction of the PLC, the
fundamentals of its operation. It also presents the application of PLC in different industrial areas.
The specific objective of the course is to develop the knowledge of the trainees about the logic
gates and the mathematical system which is boolean algebra.
- The unit of our topic is logic circuits: logic expression and its representation using logic gates,
and the specific objective of the course that relate to this unit is to recognize to logic gates and
to transform them to digital systems.
1.2 Content Analysis
Mathematical rules are based on the defining limits we place on the particular numerical
quantities dealt with. When we say that 1 + 1 = 2 or 3 + 4 = 7, we are implying the use of integer
quantities: the same types of numbers we all learned to count in elementary education. What
most people assume to be self-evident rules of arithmetic -- valid at all times and for all purposes
-- actually depend on what we define a number to be.
Logic is much like mathematics in this respect: the so-called "Laws" of logic depend on how we
define what a proposition is. a system of logic based on only two types of propositions: true and
false
It should be clearly understood that Boolean numbers are not the same as binary numbers.
Whereas Boolean numbers represent an entirely different system of mathematics from real
numbers, binary is nothing more than an alternative notation for real numbers. The two are often
confused because both Boolean math and binary notation use the same two ciphers: 1 and 0.
The difference is that Boolean quantities are restricted to a single bit (either 1 or 0), whereas

binary numbers may be composed of many bits adding up in place-weighted form to a value of
any finite size. The binary number 100112 ("nineteen") has no more place in the Boolean world
than the decimal number 210 ("two") or the octal number 328 ("twenty-six").
Page 2 of 7
Exploration of Boolean algebra by adding numbers together:
The first three sums make perfect sense to anyone familiar with elementary addition. The last
sum, though, is quite possibly responsible for more confusion than any other single statement in
digital electronics, because it seems to run contrary to the basic principles of mathematics. Well,
it does contradict principles of addition for real numbers, but not for Boolean numbers.
Remember that in the world of Boolean algebra, there are only two possible values for any
quantity and for any arithmetic operation: 1 or 0. There is no such thing as "2" within the scope
of Boolean values. Since the sum "1 + 1" certainly isn't 0, it must be 1 by process of elimination.
It is the same pattern of 1's and 0's as seen in the truth table for an OR gate. In other words,
Boolean addition corresponds to the logical function of an "OR" gate, as well as to parallel
switch contacts:
Multiplication is valid in Boolean algebra, and thankfully it is the same as in real-number algebra:
anything multiplied by 0 is 0, and anything multiplied by 1 remains unchanged:

It is the same pattern found in the truth table for an AND gate. In other words, Boolean
multiplication corresponds to the logical function of an "AND" gate, as well as to series switch
contacts:
Opposite of values if variable "A" has a value of 0, then the complement of A has a value of 1.
Boolean notation uses a bar above the variable character to denote complementation, like this:
Boolean complementation finds equivalency in the form of the NOT gate, or a normally-closed
switch or relay contact:
The basic definition of Boolean quantities has led to the simple rules of addition and
multiplication, and has excluded both subtraction and division as valid arithmetic operations. We
have a symbology for denoting Boolean variables, and their complements. In the next section
we will proceed to develop Boolean identities.
1.3 Didactic Analysis
- I want to make our lesson interesting from the beginning, I will use the inductive approach by
drawing symbols that relating to the topic of the lesson and ask the trainees after that about
them. I like this approach and I will use it in the beginning of any lesson because it will make the
lesson active and by this approach I will take the attention from the trainees to the lesson from
the beginning. Also with this approach the trainees will think and participate and that’s what I
want. Making trainees busy is very important and that’s my goal.
Page 3 of 7

- I want to get the interest of the trainees so I will use the didactic principle of motivation by
asking question and choose some trainees to come up on the whiteboard and answer my
questions and that’s great and it will develop the self-confidence of the trainees. I want the
trainees to work, communicate and talk with each other to answer the questions so I will make a
group work. In the group work it’s very important the trainees who have highest knowledge to
support and help the trainees who have lowest knowledge.
- making a lesson vivid it will make my lesson easy to understand so I will use this principle by
using different colors, nice PowerPoint designing and pictures so the trainees can understand
the logic gates in order to the symbols, truth tables, timing diagram clearly. Making the lesson
vivid is a significant point because it will make the trainees ready to learn and it will make them
also like the lesson.
- The trainer must think of the level of the trainees by give them particular task to solve it and the
reason of that is to develop their levels of thinking and make their skills better on the future, so
for that I will use the principle of self-activity during the lesson by asking each student to put two
carts on the right position of the truth tables of the three gates.
- I link the new content to already taught and learned content by complete the answers of the
examples of star and delta transformation with series-parallel combination.
- I will use didactic reduction by mention and, or and not gates without nand, nor and xnor
gates.
Page 4 of 7

Page 5 of 7
Lesson Plan
2.1 General Learning Objectives:
The Trainees
1. practice their English language. (Cognitive)
2. develop their knowledge about the programmable control technology. (Cognitive)
3. participate with the trainer. (Affective)
4. write notes. (Cognitive)
5. answer the questions. (Cognitive)
2.2 Specific Learning Objectives:
The Trainees
1. complete the truth table by putting the number of 1 and 0 in the right position..
(Reproduction / Cognitive)
2. make the timing diagram of and gate, or gate and not gate (Reproduction / Cognitive)
3. answer the questions of the worksheet. ( Reproduction / Cognitive)

Page 6 of 7
2.3 Overview of the Intended Process
Opening / Entrance / Motivation
Methodology
Media
Time
Expected Trainer-action Expected Trainee-action Minutes
Trainer draws three symbols
of logic gates and asks the
trainees what is these?
Trainees look to the symbols
to recognize to them and then
answer the questions of the
trainer.
Inductive
Approach
PowerPoint
Slide (2)
2
Body (Information / Elaboration)
Methodology
Media
Time
Trainer gives the trainees
introduction about the
lesson.
Trainees listen to the trainer
to find out what is the lesson
talk about.
Lecture
PowerPoint
Slide (3)
1
Trainer gives information
about the denotation of
three logic gates.
Trainees listen to the trainer.
Lecture
PowerPoint
Slide (4)
1
Trainer writes some
notation examples and
asks the trainees what is
the correct way to read
them.
Trainees participate with the
trainer and answer the
questions.
Classroom
Conversation
PowerPoint
Slide (5)
3
Trainer asks the trainees to
fill in the truth table of the
three logic gates by putting
the carts which contain
number of 1 and 0 in the
right position.
Trainees complete the truth
table by putting the number
of 1 and 0 in the right
position.
Classroom
Conversation
PowerPoint
Slide (6)
Whiteboard
5
Trainer divides the trainees
to three groups and asks
them to make an
Trainees make the
experiment and complete the
table on the papers which
Experiment
PowerPoint
Slides (7)
(8)
20

Page 7 of 7
experiment about logic
gates and after that writing
the results on the papers
which delivered by the
trainer.
Trainer presents to the
trainees on the PowerPoint
slides the correct model.
giving by the trainer.
Trainer puts the trainees in
several groups to answer
the example of logic using
the switches.
Trainer presents the
correct answer to the
whole class.
Trainees sit in groups to
answers the question.
Trainees put their answer in
the whiteboard.
Partner Work
PowerPoint
Slide (9)
Whiteboard
4
Trainer asks three trainees
to make the timing diagram
of and gate, or gate and
not gate.
Trainer presents the
correct answer to the
whole class.
Trainees make the timing
diagram of and gate, or gate
and not gate.
Classroom
Conversation
PowerPoint
Slides (10)
Whiteboard
4

Page 8 of 7
Close (Reflection, Exercises, Homework, Feedback)
Methodology
Media
Time
Trainer delivers to the
trainees’ papers contain one
question.
Trainer presents to the
trainees the correct answer
the correct answer.
Trainees answer the question
and put their answers on the
flip chart. Quiz
Group Work
PowerPoint
Slide (11)
Worksheet
Flipchart
10
2. Application of Didactic Principles
1. Principle of vividness by using different colors and pictures.
2. Principle of didactical reduction by mentioning and gates, or gates and not gates without nor
gates, xnor gates and nand gates.
3. Principle of motivation by doing individual work, group work.
4. Principle of methodological changes by doing classroom conversation, lecture, group work.
5. Principle of securing the learning progress by making a quiz at the end of the lesson.
3. List of attached teaching material
1. PowerPoint Slides.
2. Worksheet.
3. Whiteboard designing.
4. References

S aleh logic gates --

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