The document provides an overview of religions and social classes in the Russian Empire in 1914. It discusses the Russian Orthodox Church, Catholic Church, Protestantism, Islam, and Buddhism in Russia. It also describes the social classes of nobles, peasants, and workers. Peasants made up 85% of the population and were primarily agricultural workers. Workers were divided by skill level and gender. The document also summarizes the political parties in Russia, including the Russian Social Democratic Workers party and the socialist Revolutionary Party, which advocated for workers' and peasants' rights respectively.

1. The Russian Empire in 1914.
Map.

4. .

5. The Russian Orthodox Church of St.
Mary Magdalene
The Orthodox Church claims to trace its development back through the Byzantine or
Roman empire, to the earliest church established by St. Paul and the Apostles.

6. The head of Catholic church
of Russia lights a candle
during a Good Friday mass in
Moscow.
Benedict XVI and Bartholomew I
The Catholic Church is one of the oldest continuous Christian institutions in the
world and has played a prominent role in the history of western civilisation, is
the world's largest Christian church, claiming more than a billion members

7. Protestantism, form of Christian faith and practice that
originated with the principles of the Reformation.

8. Islam is currently the second most widely
professed religion in the Russian Federation.
Qolşärif mosque - The largest
mosque in Russia, Kazan
Mosque in Moscow.

9. .
Ivolga monastery in
Russia.
Historically, Buddhism was incorporated into Russian lands in
the early 17th century,

10. .
Nicholas II (1868 – 17 July 1918) was the
last Emperor of Russia. His official title was
Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All
the Russia’s and he is currently regarded as
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the
Russian Orthodox Church. Nicholas II ruled
from 1894 until his abdication on 15 March
1917. His reign saw Imperial Russia go from
being one of the foremost great powers of
the world to economic and military collapse.
Critics nicknamed him Bloody Nicholas because
of the, Bloody Sunday, and the anti-Semitic
pogroms that occurred during his reign. Under his
rule, Russia was defeated in the Russo–
Japanese War.(1905)

11. • Major Occupations
• Agriculture (Majority of Russia’s people-
85%)

12.  Workers were divided by skill.
 Metal workers- Aristocrats group.(need more skill
and training)
 Factory labours- (women workers were paid less
than men.)
 Division among workers showed themselves in
dress and manners too.

13. )

14. • Nobles got their power and position
through their services to the Tsar, not
through local popularity.
• The peasants had no respect for their
nobility.
• The peasants wanted the land of nobles to
be given to them.
• Frequently, they refused to pay rent and
even murdered landlords.

15. In what way the Russian peasants
different from other European
peasants ?

16.  The Russian Social Democratic Workers party
was founded in 1898 by socialist workers
who respected Marx’s ideas.
 The socialist Revolutionary Party was formed
in 1900 by the socialist peasants.

17. The RSDWP stood for workers right ie,
more wages, reduction in working
hours, better working condition etc.
The SRP struggled for peasants right
and demanded that land belong to
nobles be transferred to peasants.

18. Bolshevik. Menshevik.
1. leader- Vladimir Lenin. Kerensky.
2.Party should be disciplined
and should controlled the
number and quality of its
member.
The party should be open to
all (as in Germany).