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Learning Outcomes
• Plan and develop the introduction, body, and
conclusion of an oral presentation.
• Choose and prepare visual aids for an
oral presentation.
• Deliver an oral presentation using an outline
or note cards.
• Plan and deliver an effective group presentation.
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Developing the Introduction
(LO 15.1)
Gain the audience’s attention.
• Ask a thought-provoking question.
• Reference a relevant quote.
• Tell a brief story or description.
• Share a shocking statistic, a surprising
statement, or a comparison.
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Developing the Introduction
(contd.)
Preview your main points (contd.)
• If using a research paper as the basis
of your presentation, select only the most
interesting and relevant points.
• You do not need to use every
point from the paper.
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Developing the Body (contd.)
Use or combine organization strategies:
• Explaining causes
and effects
• Persuading
• Evaluating
• Solving a problem
• Narrating
• Describing
• Explaining a process
• Comparing and
contrasting
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Developing the Body (contd.)
Transition smoothly
• Select signal words in advance.
Cite sources
• Mention any sources used in the presentation.
• Always include citations of your sources.
• Work on incorporating the citations without
hindering the flow of the presentation.
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Developing the Conclusion
(LO 10.1)
• Restate the thesis using slightly different
words
than those used in the introduction.
• Summarize the main points, but do not
restate each detail or example.
• End with a statement, quote, or story that
will leave a memorable impression on the
audience.
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Developing the Conclusion
(contd.)
• Thank the audience at the end of your
presentation to signal its conclusion.
• Answer questions.
– Anticipate questions the audience may ask.
– Be prepared by having notes handy.
– Be honest if you do not know the answer.
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Choosing Visual Aids (LO 15.2)
Objects or models
• Make sure the visual aid is large enough for
the every member of the audience to see.
• Choose a model or object that is easy to
bring to or set up for your presentation.
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Choosing Visual Aids (contd.)
Posters
• Use posters to display photographs,
drawings, maps, charts, graphs, timelines,
or small objects.
• Make sure the poster is neat and
professional.
• Ensure that the entire audience can see it.
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Choosing Visual Aids (contd.)
Flip charts or white boards
• Use flip charts or white boards to record
audience responses.
• Write large enough for the audience to see.
• Write only small amounts of information.
• Face your listeners as much as possible.
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Choosing Visual Aids (contd.)
Media Presentation
• Write short sentences or phrases on each slide.
• Elaborate on points during your presentation.
• Avoid overusing color or styles.
• Choose relevant artwork when appropriate.
• Use added features such as sound clips and
slide transitions conservatively.
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Choosing Visual Aids (contd.)
Handouts
• Use handouts as a backup if technical
problems occur.
• Distribute the papers at the end of
your talk to avoid listener distraction.
• Make sure the handout is professional and
visually appealing.
• Check for spelling or layout errors.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Use an outline or note cards.
• Do not write out your entire speech.
• Use an outline or note cards to
keep focused on your main points.
• Include quotes, statistics, or sources that you
want to mention.
• Focus on your audience more than your notes.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Speak clearly and enthusiastically.
• Your audience will likely be excited if
you demonstrate enthusiasm.
• Vary your pitch and tone to emphasize
important words.
• Enunciate your words carefully.
• Speak at an appropriate pace.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Communicate nonverbally.
• Your audience will watch your nonverbal cues.
• Your facial expressions, posture, clothing, hand
gestures, and eye contact impact your
message.
• Be professional and confident.
• Do not apologize if you make a mistake or
forget something – Just correct and keep going!
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Incorporate visual aids.
• Decide in advance when and how you will
use visual aids.
• Display visual aids only as you reference them.
• Hold visual aids up and away from your body.
• Do not pass visual aids around the room during
your presentation.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Incorporate visual aids (contd.)
• If using PowerPoint, don’t read directly from
each slide—instead, use keywords to help
remember main points.
Have a backup plan
• Have a plan in case something goes wrong.
• Bring additional materials in case technology
issues arise.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Practice your presentation.
• Practice giving your speech several times.
• If possible, gather a small audience to
listen as you practice.
• Practice in front of a mirror if an audience
is not available.
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Delivering an Oral
Presentation (contd.)
Practice your presentation.
• Try different methods for using your note
cards and visual aids.
• You may want to record your presentation.
• Watch and critique the video recording.
• Time yourself to make sure your presentation
meets time requirements.
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Group Presentations (LO 15.4)
Establish goals.
• Make sure all group members understand
and are willing to work toward the
established goals.
• Keep your overall purpose in mind.
• Set reasonable goals.
• Set benchmarks for establishing tasks.
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Group Presentations (contd.)
Assign roles.
• Assign a specific job to each group member.
• Make sure all members are clear on
their responsibilities.
• Be aware that members may need to
work outside of class time, away from
the group.
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Group Presentations (contd.)
Participate in group meetings.
• Establish meeting times where everyone can
participate.
• Utilize e-mail or other forms of technology if
face-to-face meetings are impossible.
• All members need to cooperate and contribute
ideas to the presentation.
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Group Presentations (contd.)
Organize the group presentation.
• Decide who will say what during the
presentation.
• If the group can’t agree on a specific
point, then go with the majority rule.
• Be willing to compromise to help the
group accomplish the desired goals.
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Group Presentations (contd.)
Practice the group presentation.
• Practice in advance.
• Have a dress rehearsal that includes the
use of visual aids.
• Make sure the presentation flows smoothly.
• Make sure each group member knows his or
her part.
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Group Presentations (contd.)
Deliver the group presentation.
• If a group member is absent, assign his or her
part to another member.
• Members should show enthusiasm,
communicate nonverbally, and incorporate
visual aids smoothly.
• Keep going, even if someone makes a
mistake!
