This document discusses women entrepreneurship in rural India. It begins by defining women entrepreneurs and providing examples of successful women entrepreneurs. It then discusses the growth of women entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. It outlines both pull and push factors that motivate women to become entrepreneurs. It also discusses the concept of women entrepreneurship and functions of women entrepreneurs. Finally, it outlines various problems faced by women entrepreneurs in India, such as lack of education, access to financing, social and family barriers, and lack of infrastructure and business skills. It concludes by discussing various government policies and schemes aimed at promoting and supporting women entrepreneurship in India.

1. Unit III: Women and Rural
Entrepreneurship
1

2. Women and Rural Entrepreneurship – Growth of
women and social entrepreneurship; Problems
faced by women entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship in rural sector – agriculture,
food processing, traditional crafts, tourism,
health care and allied services.
2
Unit III: Women and Rural
Entrepreneurship

3. Growth of women and social
entrepreneurship
Unit III: Women and Rural
Entrepreneurship
1

4. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Vandana Luthra -
Founder, VLCC
Kiran Mazumdar Shaw –
Founder, Biocon Limited
Ritu Kumar - Fashion
Designer
Suchi Mukherjee – CEO/
Founder, Limeroad
Vani Kola - Founder,
Kalaari Capital
Falguni Nayar –
Founder, Nykaa
Aditi Gupta - Co-
founder, Menstrupedia
Indra Nooyi - Board
Member, Amazon
Priya Paul-Chairperson,
Park Hotel
Radhika Ghai - Co-founde
Shopclues.com

5. CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR
⚫Women Entrepreneur are the women or a group of
women who initiate , organise and operatea business
enterprise.
⚫The government of India notes Women
entrepreneurs as ‘’ An enterpriseowned and
controlled by women saving a minimum
financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital
and giving at least 51 per centof the
employmentgenerated in the
enterprise towomen.’’

6. WHY WOMEN BECOME ENTREPRENEUR ?
• PULL FACTORS
An urge todo something new.
liking for business
Need and perception of Women’s liberation ,equityetc.
To gain recognition ,importance and social status.
To get economic independence
To build confidence
To developing risk taking ability
To gain greater freedom and mobility
.

7. PUSH FACTORS
Death of bread winner
Sudden fall in family income
Permanent inadequacy in incomeof the family

8. Function of Women Entrepreneur
Fedrick Harbison has enumerated Fiveentrepreneurial
functionof women entrepreneuras follows.
1. Exploration of the prospectsof starting a new
businessenterprise.
2. Undertaking of risk and handling of economic
uncertainties involved in the business.
3. Introductionof innovations or imitationof
innovations.
4. Co-ordination, administrationand control.
5. Supervision and leadership.

9. Problems faced by women
entrepreneurs
Unit III: Women and Rural
Entrepreneurship
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10. Problems face by Women Entrepreneur in
INDIA
 Family ties
 Male dominated society
 Lack of education
 Social barriers
 Shortageof raw materials
 Problemof finance
 Tough competition
 High costof production
 Low risk bearing capacity
 Limited mobility
 Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude
 Limited managerial ability
 Legal formation
 Exploitation by middle man
 Lack of self confidence.

11. Lack of managerial skills
⚫Womenentrepreneursare notefficient in managerial
functions like planning, organizing, controlling,
coordinating, motivating etc. of an enterprise.
Therefore, less and limited managerial ability of
women has become a problem for them to run the
enterprisesuccessfully.

12. Problem of finance
⚫Finance is regarded as “life blood” forany enterprise, be it
big or small. However, women entrepreneurs suffer from
shortage of finance on two counts. Firstly, women do not
generally have property on their names to use them as
collateral forobtaining funds from external sources. Thus,
theiraccess to theexternal sourcesof funds is limited.
⚫Secondly, the banks also consider women less credit-
worthy and discourage women borrowers on the belief that
they can at any time leave their business. Given such
situation, women entrepreneurs are bound to rely on their
own savings, if any and loans from friends and relatives
who are expectedly meagerand negligible. Thus, women
enterprises fail due to the shortage of finance.

13. Lack of mobility.
⚫Unlike men, women mobility in India is highly limited
due tovarious reasons. A singlewoman asking for
room is still upon suspicion. Cumbersome exercise
involved in starting an enterprise coupled with the
officials humiliating attitude towards women compels
them togive upan ideaof starting an enterprise

14. Male dominated society
⚫ Male chauvinism is till the order of the day in India.
The constitution of India speaks of equality between
sexes. But, in practice women are looked upon as
weak in all respects. Women suffer from male
reservations
• about a women’s role, ability and capacity and are
treated accordingly. In nutshell, in the
maledominated Indian society, women are not
treated equal to men.
• This in turn, serves as a barrier to women entry
into business.

15. Shortage of raw material
⚫The scarcityof raw material and noravailabilityof
properand adequateraw materialssounds thedeath –
knell of theenterprise run bywomen entrepreneurs
.Women entrepreneur really face a tough task in
getting the required raw material and other necessary
inputs for theenterprisewhen the prices are high.

16. Lack of Education
⚫In India, around three- fifths (60%) of women are still
illiterate illiteracy is the rootcauseof socio- economic
problems. Due to the lack of education and that too
qualitative education, women are not aware of
business, technology and market knowledge. Also,
lack of education cases low achievement motivation
among women. Thus, lack of education creates
problems forwomen in the setting upand running of
businessenterprises.

17. Legal formalities
⚫Fulfilling the legal formalities required for running an
enterprise becomes an uphill task on the part of an
women entrepreneur because of the prevalence of
corrupt practices in governmentofficesand procedural
delays for various licenses, electricity, water and shed
allotments. In such situations women entrepreneurs
find it hard to concentrate on the smooth working of
theenterprise.

18. Lack of self confidence
⚫Women entrepreneurs because of their inherent
nature, lack self-confidence which is essentially a
motivating factor in running an enterprise
successfully. They have to strive hard to strike a
balance between managing a familyand managing an
enterprise.

19. Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude
⚫Lack of entrepreneurial aptitude is a matterof concern
forwomen entrepreneurs. They have no
entrepreneurial bentof mind. Even afterattending
various training programs on entrepreneur ship they
fail to tide over the risks and troubles that may come
up in an organizational working.

20. Low risk bearing capacity
⚫Women in India are by nature weak, shy and mild.
Theycannot bear theamountof risk which is essential
for running an enterprise. Lack of education, training
and financial support from outsides also reduce their
ability to bear the risk involved in an enterprises.

21. Tough competition
⚫Usuallywomen entrepreneursemploy low technology
in the process of production. In a market where the
competition is too high they have to fight hard to
survive in the marketagainst theorganised sectorand
their malecounterpartwho havevastexperience and
capacity to adopt advanced technology in managing
enterprises.

22. High cost of production
⚫Several factors including inefficient management
contributeto the high costof productionwhich stands
as a stumbling block before women entrepreneurs.
Women entrepreneur face technology obsolescence
due to non adoption or slow adoption to changing
technologywhich is major factorof high costof
production.

23. Exploitation by middle man
⚫Sincewomen cannotrun around for marketing
,distribution and money collection , they have to
depend on middle men for theaboveactivities. Middle
men tend toexploit them in theguiseof helping. They
add their own profit margin which result in less sales
and lesserprofit.

24. Social barrier
• The traditions and customs prevailed in India
societies towards women sometimes stand as an
obstacle before them to grow and prosper . Castes
and religion dominate with one another and hinders
women entrepreneurs too. In rural areas they face
more social barriers. They are always seen with
suspicious eyes.

25. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫Women entrepreneurship has been recognised as an
important source of economic growth. Women
entrepreneurscreate new jobs forthemselvesand others
and also provide society with different solutions to
management, organisation and business problems.
⚫ However, they still represent a minority of all
entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs often face gender-
based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like
discriminatory property, matrimonial and inheritance laws
and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance
mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information
and networks, etc.

26. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫Women’sentrepreneurshipcan make a particularly
strong contribution to the economic well-being of
the family and communities, poverty reduction
and women’sempowerment, thus contributing to
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
Thus, governments across the world as well as
various developmental organizations are actively
undertaking promotion of women entrepreneurs
through various schemes, incentives and
promotional measures

27. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫In India, the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
developmentorganisations, various State Small
Industries Development Corporations, the
Nationalised banks and even NGOs are conducting
various programmes including Entrepreneurship
Development Programmes (EDPs) to cater to the
needsof potential womenentrepreneurs, who may not
have adequate educational background and skills. The
Office of DC (MSME) has also opened a Women Cell
to providecoordination and assistance towomen
entrepreneurs facing specific problems.

28. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫ There are also several other schemes of the
governmentatcentral and state level, which provide
assistance for setting up training-cum-income
generating activities for needy women to make them
economically independent. Small Industries
Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has also been
implementing special schemes forwomen
entrepreneurs

29. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫In addition to thespecial schemes forwomen
entrepreneurs, various government schemes for
MSMEs also provide certain special incentives and
concessions forwomen entrepreneurs. For instance,
under Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana (PMRY),
preference is given to women beneficiaries. The
government has also made several relaxations for
women to facilitate the participation of women
beneficiaries in this scheme.

30. Policies and Schemes for Women
Entrepreneurs in India
⚫ Similarly, under the MSE Cluster Development
Programme by Ministry of MSME, the contribution
from the Ministryof MSME varies between 30-80% of
the total project in case of hard intervention, but in
the case of clusters owned and managed by women
entrepreneurs, contribution of the M/o MSME could
be upto 90% of the project cost. Similarly, under the
Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and
Small Enterprises, the guarantee cover is generally
availableupto 75% of the loansextended; howeverthe
extent of guarantee cover is 80% for MSEs operated
and/ orowned bywomen

35. INTRODUCTION OF EKTA KAPOOR
⚫ Today, Ekta Kapoor is the creative director of Balaji Telefilms.
Hercompany has produced more than 25 serialsand each one is
being shown, on an average, four times a week on different
television channels.
⚫ Ekta Kapoor'sserials havecaptured the imaginationof masses.
She broken all previous records of TV serial production and
popularity in India.
⚫ Her most famous television venture has been "Kyunki Saas Bhi
Kabhi Bahu Thi" which began in 2000 and is still leading the
TRP ratings in India. Herother famousserials include "Kahaani
Ghar Ghar Ki", "Kahiin ToHoga", "Kavyanjali", "Kyaa Hoga
Nimmo Kaa", "Kasamh Se", "Kahin Kisii Roz", "Kasautii Zindagi
Kay", "Kkusum", "Kutumb", "Kalash", and "Kundali

46. MAIN THINGS THAT LEAD SUCCESS
FOR BALAJI TELEVISION FILMS

47. CORE STRENGTHS OF EKTA KAPOOR
• CREATIVITY
• TARGETED CONTENT
• CONSTANT IMPROVISATION
• EXPLORING NEW VISTA
• STRONG MANAGEMENT
• SKILLED TALENT POOL
• CONDUCIVE ENVIRONMENT
• PERSISTENCE

54. Entrepreneurship in rural sector – agriculture,
food processing, traditional crafts, tourism,
health care and allied services
Unit III: Women and Rural
Entrepreneurship
3