The document discusses rural and urban poverty in Bangladesh. It notes that while Bangladesh has reduced the number of people living in poverty from 63 million to 46 million between 2000 and 2010, rural poverty remains a significant issue with an estimated 35% of the rural population living below the poverty line. Causes of rural poverty include flooding which damages crops and homes, forcing many into debt, as well as a fast growing population putting pressure on resources. Urban poverty is also an issue, with limited jobs and poor housing and sanitation contributing to the 21% of the urban population living in poverty. The cycle of poverty is difficult to escape as the poor often cannot afford safer housing and so continue suffering flood damage. Poverty impacts education, employment,
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
The studies on poverty and academic research, the “urban” has not yet been a significant part of it. Rapid rates of urbanization in Bangladesh is giving rise to increasing living in urban poor settlements. The livelihoods and challenges of these urban populations are unique and diverse. Nonetheless these poor urban settlements remain often invisible and their needs unserved. Thus the impact of unbridled urbanization deepens the scale and severity of urban poverty. In Bangladesh, urban poverty is found to be neglected in reducing poverty discourses such as research, policy and action. Urban poverty reduction will be subsequently important to the ability to meet national goals for poverty reduction that means policy and action must pay more attention to the urban poor.
Urban poverty:
Urban poverty is usually defined in two ways:
i. as an absolute standard based on a minimum amount of income needed to sustain a healthy and minimally comfortable life, and
ii. as a relative standard that is set based on average the standard of living in a nation.
Narratives of urban poverty in Bangladesh describe its characteristics, painting destructive pictures that prolong negative public and official perceptions of urban poverty and prevent greater action and commitment to the urban poor. They present images of squalid living conditions in dirty and unhygienic ‘slums’, where residents are exposed to high under- and unemployment and many are engaged in social disorders, such as crime, violence, drug addiction etc.
Poverty has been assigned as the number one problem for development of Bangladesh.
Though the country is making significant progress in the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather slow. This is mainly because of its high population size of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of 1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq. km.
Every year, about 2 million population are adding to its population size. Country’s resources are struggling to support such increasing population.
The studies on poverty and academic research, the “urban” has not yet been a significant part of it. Rapid rates of urbanization in Bangladesh is giving rise to increasing living in urban poor settlements. The livelihoods and challenges of these urban populations are unique and diverse. Nonetheless these poor urban settlements remain often invisible and their needs unserved. Thus the impact of unbridled urbanization deepens the scale and severity of urban poverty. In Bangladesh, urban poverty is found to be neglected in reducing poverty discourses such as research, policy and action. Urban poverty reduction will be subsequently important to the ability to meet national goals for poverty reduction that means policy and action must pay more attention to the urban poor.
Urban poverty:
Urban poverty is usually defined in two ways:
i. as an absolute standard based on a minimum amount of income needed to sustain a healthy and minimally comfortable life, and
ii. as a relative standard that is set based on average the standard of living in a nation.
Narratives of urban poverty in Bangladesh describe its characteristics, painting destructive pictures that prolong negative public and official perceptions of urban poverty and prevent greater action and commitment to the urban poor. They present images of squalid living conditions in dirty and unhygienic ‘slums’, where residents are exposed to high under- and unemployment and many are engaged in social disorders, such as crime, violence, drug addiction etc.
Conceptualization of rural development and planning and its reference to Bangladesh
The term rural development is the process of improving quality of life of the people living in rural areas who live often relatively isolated and sparsely populated area.
It was my group presentation in 2nd semester, 2013. we people (group members) Jakir (Me) Jeul, papri, shahadat, Tanjia work heard for making a nice and informative presentation. I think It will helpful for you.
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in less developed countries, Sa...Nishat Zareen
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in the less developed countries by Samuel H. Preston. This article is presented in the context of Bangladesh. The sole purpose of this paper is to identify the factors responsible for the dramatic decline of mortality rates in the less developed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. These factors were broadly termed as 'social and economic development' and 'technical changes'.
Conceptualization of rural development and planning and its reference to Bangladesh
The term rural development is the process of improving quality of life of the people living in rural areas who live often relatively isolated and sparsely populated area.
It was my group presentation in 2nd semester, 2013. we people (group members) Jakir (Me) Jeul, papri, shahadat, Tanjia work heard for making a nice and informative presentation. I think It will helpful for you.
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in less developed countries, Sa...Nishat Zareen
Causes and consequences of mortality decline in the less developed countries by Samuel H. Preston. This article is presented in the context of Bangladesh. The sole purpose of this paper is to identify the factors responsible for the dramatic decline of mortality rates in the less developed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. These factors were broadly termed as 'social and economic development' and 'technical changes'.
The picture of day-to-day and even year-to-year performance of the economy of Bangladesh is a mixture of accomplishment and failure, not significantly different from that of the majority of poor Third World countries.
This is my Entry for the 28 States of Techkriti,IITK .It emphasizes why it is important to share the fruits of development with the poor and include them in the mainstream.
Define conflict and conflict behavior in organizations
Distinguish between functional and dysfunctional conflict
Understand different levels and types of conflict in organizations
Analyze conflict episodes and the linkages among them
Explain why conflict arises, and identify the types and sources of conflict in organizations.
Describe conflict management strategies that managers can use to resolve conflict effectively.
Understand the nature of negotiation and why integrative bargaining is more effective than distributive negotiation.
,managing conflict ,politics ,and negotiation
,
capital budgeting
,
concept of capital budgeting
,
the capital budgeting process
,
significance of capital budgeting
,
classification of investment project proposals
,
techniques of capital budgeting
,
types of project
basic organization of computer
,
input unit
,
output unit
,
storage unit
,
arithmetic logic unit (alu)
,
computer codes
,
computer for organization
,
business communication
,
payroll system
,
management information system
operating system
,
os
,
what is an os?
,
types of os
,
logical architecture of a computer system
,
basic task perform by os
,
task switching
,
utility software
,
main functions of an os
,
ddata communications and computer networks
,
basic elements of a communication system
,
coaxial cable
,
star network
,
data transmission media
,
ring network
,
hybrid network
,
completely connected network
,
multi-access bus network
,
network linking devices
,
network interface card (nic)
International Business basic concept of international business
,
approaches to international business/ modes of ent
,
barriers to international business
,
absolute advantage and comparative advantage
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
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how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Rural and urban poverty
The World Bank announced in June 2013 that Bangladesh had reduced the number of people living in
poverty from 63 million in 2000 to 46 million in 2010, despite a total population that had grown to
approximately 150 million. This means that Bangladesh will reach its first United Nations-established
Millennium Development Goal, that of poverty reduction, two years ahead of the 2015 deadline.
Bangladesh is also making progress in reducing its poverty rate to 32 percent of the population.]
Since the 1990s, there has been a declining trend of poverty by 1 percent each year,with the help of
international assistance.[citation needed] According to the 2010 household survey by the Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics, 17.6 percent of the population were found to be under the poverty line.
The population in Bangladesh is predominantly rural, with almost 80 percent of the population living in
rural areas.[3] Many people live in remote areas that lack services such as education, health clinics, and
adequate roads, particularly road links to markets.[citation needed] An estimated 35 percent of the
population in rural areas lives below the poverty line.[4] They suffer from persistent food insecurity, own
no land and assets,are often uneducated, and may also suffer serious illnesses or disabilities.[citation
needed] Another 29 percent of the rural population is considered moderately poor.[citation needed]
Though they may own a small plot of land and some livestock and generally have enough to eat,their
diets lack nutritional value.[citation needed] As a result of health problems or natural disasters, they are at
risk of sliding deeper into poverty.[citation needed] Women are among the poorest of the rural poor,
especially when they are the sole heads of their households.[citation needed] They suffer from
discrimination and have few earning opportunities, and their nutritional intake is often
inadequate.[citation needed]
An estimated 21 percent of the population in urban areas lives below the poverty line.[4] People living in
urban areas,like Sylhet, Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, and Rajshahi, enjoy a better standard of living, with
electricity, gas, and clean water supplies.[5] Even in the major cities, however, "a significant proportion
of Bangladeshis live in squalor in dwellings that fall apart during the monsoon season and have no regular
electricity. These Bangladeshis have limited access to health care and to clean drinking water.
In April 2016, the Asian Development Bank estimated of the 157.90 million people living in Bangladesh,
31.5% live below the national poverty line.
Causes of rural and urban poverty
2. One of the main causes of poverty are endemic corruption and an incompetent government that does little
to build infrastructure and good law. One of the main causes of rural poverty is due the country’s
geographical and demographic characteristics. A large proportion of the country is low-lying, and thus is
at a high risk to flooding. Many of the rural poor live in areas that are prone to extreme annual flooding
which cause huge damage to their crops, homes and livelihoods. In order to rebuild their homes, they
often have to resort to moneylenders, and that causes them to fall deeper into poverty. In addition, these
natural disasters also cause outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne and diarrheal diseases such as
dengue and malaria which will affect them physically and lower their productivity levels.
Another cause of rural poverty is due to the fast-growing population rate. It places huge pressure on the
environment, causing problems such as erosion and flooding, which in turn leads to low agricultural
productivity.
The causes of urban poverty are due to the limited employment opportunities, degraded environment, and
bad housing and sanitation. The urban poor hold jobs that are labor demanding, thus affecting their health
conditions. Therefore, the urban poor are in a difficult situation to escape poverty.
Environmental problems and poverty
With 80% of the country situated on the flood plains of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna and those of
severalother minor rivers, the country is prone to severe flooding.
While some flooding is beneficial to agriculture, high levels of flooding have been found to be a retardant
on agricultural growth.[10] On average,16% of household income per year is lost due to flooding, with
roughly 89% of the loss in property and assets. Of these,households engaged in farming and fishing
suffer a greater loss relative to income.
A positive relationship exists between flood risk and poverty as measured by household income, with
people living under the poverty threshold facing a higher risk of flooding, as measured by their proximity
to rivers and flood depth.[11] Property prices also tend to be lower the higher the risk of flooding,[12]
making it more likely that someone who lives in a flood-prone area is poor and vice versa,as they might
not be able to afford safer accommodation. Also, they tend to depend solely or largely on crop cultivation
and fisheries for their livelihood and thus are harder hit by floods relative to their income.
Important to the finances of farmers operating small farms is their self-sufficiency in rice and floods
adversely affect this factor,destroying harvests and arable land. Farmers hit are often forced to undertake
3. distressed land selling[13] and in doing so, risk being pushed into or deeper into poverty. In areas hard hit
by floods, especially disaster floods such as the 1988 flood, severalresearchers have found that many of
the affected households have resorted to selling off assets such as land and livestock to mitigate losses.
Also, in an area hard-hit by poverty and prone to floods, it was found that many of the poor were
unwilling to pay for flood protection. The main reason cited had been lack of financial resources although
it was found that many of these people are willing to substitute non-financial means of payment such as
labour, harvest or part of their land.
The above is problematic as it creates a vicious cycle for the poor of Bangladesh. Because the poor may
not be able to afford safer housing, they have to live near the river which raises their risk of flooding. This
would result in greater damage suffered from the floods, driving the poor into selling assets and pushing
them further into poverty. They would be further deprived of sufficient resources needed to prevent
extensive damage from flooding, resulting in even more flood damage and poverty. It then becomes even
harder to escape this cycle. Even those farmers slightly above the poverty line are but just one bad flood
away from the ranks of the poor.
Implications of poverty in Bangladesh
The Gross National Income (GNI) per capita measured in 2008 prices is a staggering low of US $520
while GNI Purchasing Power Parity per capita is US $1440 (2008).[16] This is a dismal figure when
compared to other developed economies. Even though the poverty rate in Bangladesh has been
decreasing, it is doing so at a slow rate of less than 2% per year.[17] 49% of the population still remains
below the poverty line. Poverty matters because it affects many factors of growth – education, population
growth rates,health of the workforce and public policy. Poverty is most concentrated in the rural areas of
Bangladesh, hence creating disparities between the rural and urban areas. However,urban poverty
remains a problem too.
In particular, poverty has been linked strongly to education and employment. Research papers published
by the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) have shown that poverty acts as both a cause
and effect of a lack of education, which in turn adversely affects employment opportunities. Having an
unskilled workforce also greatly decreases the productivity of the workforce which decreases the appeal
of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and thus impedes sustainable economic growth. In essence,
education is an important contribution to the social and economic development of a country.
Secondly, rising landlessness is also a consequence of poverty in Bangladesh. In the year 2000, among
the poorest of the poor – the poorest 20 percent of the population – four out of five owned less than half
an acre of land. Not only did many own no acreage at all, but landlessness has been increasing in rural
4. Bangladesh along with the number of small and marginal farms.[18] The 2000 HIES found nearly half
(48 percent) of the country’s rural population to be effectively landless, owning at most 0.05 acres.
Roughly three-fifths of all households in the two poorest quintiles fell into that category.
Lastly, for the chronic poor, issues such as food security and health hamper social mobility. According to
a study done by the World Bank on Dhaka, the poor suffers from a lack of proper healthcare in their areas
due to the expensive and poor quality health care services.[19] The poverty stricken areas either do not
have the available facilities, or can only afford low quality healthcare. This is a problem that is common
in both the rural and urban poor. For the urban poor, the problem has worsened as they can only afford to
stay in slums where there are problems of overcrowding and unhygienic living conditions. These two
factors results in the spread of diseases amongst the poor whom cannot afford better healthcare. Also, one
cannot deny that a healthy and well-fed citizen is better suited for increased productivity as part of the
workforce. Thus, poverty matters because it affects the social welfare of citizens.