Running head: USING BENTONITE TO EXTRACT CU2+1
USING BENTONITE TO EXTRACT CU2+15
Using Bentonite to Extract Cu2+
Name
Institution
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining and comparing the potential of various weights of activated bentonite (BN). BN is an essential adsorbent used to remove copper sulfate in aqueous systems. This bentonite composes of 1M ammonium chloride i.e. NH3CL ratio; 1:1, w/w. The investigation of the adsorption ability of the naturally activated material (BN) to adsorb copper sulfate (CUSO4.5H2O) was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Raw BN (unheated) has the adsorption ability and thus eliminates copper (II) ions from this aqueous solution. BN has approximately 62% efficiency of eliminating Cu2+ from copper sulfate. Various studies have determined that the removal efficiency of copper (II) ions increase with the rise in temperature of BN with temperatures not exceeding 200 C having about 69% efficiency. The percentage was seen to rise to close to 90% when BN was treated thermally. The optimal values of the removal rate of Cu2+ resulted when the BN dosage was 0.4g/100mL.
1.0 Introduction
The existence of heavy metals in most of the aquatic systems has raised significant concern owing to their high toxicity. The contamination of water with heavy metals results from daily human activities. It has been observed that lead concentration in areas inhabited by people is 20 times higher than in regions that are not influenced directly by the actions of people. As a result, various regulations and laws have been enacted to control effluence with these heavy metals. Thus, the Environmental Protection Agency, an institution set by the federal government to adjust and observe pollutants discharge in the environment, has set the allowable limits of massive metal emissions as copper 1.3 ppm, mercury two ppb, cadmium 5ppb, lead 15 ppb and chromium 100 ppb (EPA). Copper is one of the conventional metal as it is used in metal mechanic manufactories, industrial plant, and also in food production. Although many laws have set limits of allowable copper emissions, excess of its compounds are prevalent in water bodies. Therefore, it has become necessary to find ways of safely removing copper from aqueous solutions.
This study is aimed at investigating the efficiency of an adsorbent material BN in adsorption of CuSO4 from aqueous solutions. The investigation was conducted using the usages rates of BN, the influence of BN dose, and results from other batch adsorption studies.2.0 Literature Review
In the last few decades, contamination of water resources with ions from heavy metals has increased, becoming a global concern. Studies have shown that some metals are toxic to the ecological environment and human lives. Copper sulfate is a compound of copper and sulfur which forms a heavy metal precipitate in water bodies. However, copper in controlled amounts is essential in life forms due to its extensive role in the ge.
Removal of Pb II from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from ...ijtsrd
The recent study explains about the removal of Pb II ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Garlic waste. Garlic peels have been used for the production of Carbon by treating with conc.H2SO4 for metal ions removal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration have been used for various physicochemical characterization of the outcome of activated carbon which proclaimed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like phenolic, lactonic and carboxylic in the carbons. In a batch adsorption process the effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration was calculated. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 6.The resultant activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity of Pb II was 210 mg g 1. The waste material which is used in this work is cost effective and easily available for the production of activated carbon. Hence the removal of Pb II from water using the carbons prepared from Garlic peels can act as possible low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb II from water. R. Mary Nancy Flora | Ashok | Ramanathan ""Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23365.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/23365/removal-of-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-garlic-waste/r-mary-nancy-flora
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Removal of Pb II from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from ...ijtsrd
The recent study explains about the removal of Pb II ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Garlic waste. Garlic peels have been used for the production of Carbon by treating with conc.H2SO4 for metal ions removal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration have been used for various physicochemical characterization of the outcome of activated carbon which proclaimed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like phenolic, lactonic and carboxylic in the carbons. In a batch adsorption process the effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration was calculated. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 6.The resultant activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity of Pb II was 210 mg g 1. The waste material which is used in this work is cost effective and easily available for the production of activated carbon. Hence the removal of Pb II from water using the carbons prepared from Garlic peels can act as possible low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb II from water. R. Mary Nancy Flora | Ashok | Ramanathan ""Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23365.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/23365/removal-of-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-garlic-waste/r-mary-nancy-flora
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...theijes
Sourcing cheap adsorbents for the treatment of waste water is imperative for local environments. The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solution onto bamboo activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2 was investigated. The unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon (UCABC) achieved up to 87.81% and 96.45% removal of Cd and Pb at pH-5 and 11, respectively. Removal equilibrium was attained within 1hr and 2.5hrs for Cd and Pb, respectively. The Cd and Pb adsorption increased with adsorbent dosage decrease while removal rate (%) increased with Cd and Pb concentration. Adsorption isotherm of Cd and Pb onto UCABC was determined and correlated with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hills). The equilibrium data fitted into Freundlich Cd (R2 = 0.9873, SSE = 0.045), Pb (R2 =0.9903, SSE = 0.051); Temkin Cd (R2 =0.9730, SSE = 0.052), Pb (R2 = 0.9079, SSE = 0.056); Hills Cd (R2 = 0.9961, SSE = 0.048), Pb (R2.= 0.9183, SSE = 0.053) and Langmuir Cd (R2 = 0.9653, SSE = 0.302), Pb (R2 = 0.9899, SSE = 0.136) isotherms. The Freundlich fitting showed isotherm adsorption capacity constants Kf = 7.843 and 5.098 (mg/g) for Cd and Pb, respectively. Furthermore, their adsorption kinetics correlated with the Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order and Intra-particle diffusion models and could be best described by the Pseudo-second order equation, suggesting chemisorptions as the limiting process. This study demonstrated that the UCABC can remove Cd2+ and Pb+ ions from aqueous solution to avert expensive commercial adsorbents
Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by baobab (Ad...IOSR Journals
High concentration of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species. The purpose of this research was to explore the use of baobab (Adsononsia digitata) fruit shells in the removal of lead(II) and copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying adsorption parameters on the removal of aqueous lead and copper ions. The adsorption of Pb(II) was found to be maximum at pH 5.5 using adsorbent dose of 0.7 g. The adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be optimum at pH 6 using adsorbent dosage of 0.9 g. The adsorption data conformed to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. However the Temkin isotherm showed the best fitting model with highest R2 values for both lead and copper (0.9977 and 0.9967) respectively. Baobab fruit shells can be used as a cost effective adsorbent for the removal of lead(II) and copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the treatment of industrial effluent.
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DOI 10.1002tqem.21536R E S E A R C H A R T I C L EExDustiBuckner14
DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21536
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E
Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill
in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff Idowu Iyabo Olateju
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engi-
neering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola
University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Correspondence
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Department of Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineer-
ing, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.
5454, Nigeria.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent
to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb2+), and zinc (II) ion (Zn2+) from an aqueous solu-
tion. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch
process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations con-
centrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill
sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF),
and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the
adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main compo-
sition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO2 ), alumina (Al2 O3 ), and zirconia (ZrO2 ). The change in
the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation
of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were
analyzed using 2- and 3-parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3-
parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb2+ and Zn2+ can be effectively removed
from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.
K E Y W O R D S
adsorption, anthill, characterization, equilibrium isotherm, heavy metal
1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater containing heavy metals has
received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the
fact that their presence in waste stream can be readily adsorbed by
aquatic organisms and make them directly enter the human food chain,
thus posing a serious health risk to consumers (Lin, MacLean, & Zeng,
2000). Because of the ability of heavy metals to accumulate in living
tissues and because they cause damage to these tissues over time,
heavy metals are classified as carcinogens. For example, exposure to
lead ions can cause anemia, kidney damage, and even untimely death
(Mohammed-Ridha, Ahmed, & Raoof, 2017), while zinc ions at elevated
concentration result in pancreas damage, osteoporosis, and even death
(Wahi, Ngaini, & Jok, 2009). Water or wastewater containing heavy
metals requires effective treatment techniques that can completely
remove these toxic metals (Yusuff, 2017).
A number of treatment techniques for the removal of heavy
me ...
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ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
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Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Ca...IJERA Editor
This paper studied the ability of using local activated carbon (LAC) derived from olive waste cakes as an
adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Various operating parameters
such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ions concentration, and equilibrium contact time have been
studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) increased with the increasing pH, and the optimum
solution pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be 5. The adsorption process increases with increasing
dosage of LAC, also the amount of Cu(II) removed changes with Cu(II) initial concentration and contact time.
Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 25 min. for Cu(II) concentration range from 60 to 120 mg/l
isothermally at 30±1 oC. Maximum adsorption occurs at Cu(II) initial concentration lesser than 100 mg/l by
using adsorbent dosage (1.2 g/l). The equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) were fitted well with the Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of LAC was found to be 106.383
mg/g. So, the results indicated the suitability use of the activated carbon derived from olive waste cakes (LAC)
as low cost and natural material for reliable removal of Cu(II) from water and wastewater effluents.
Effluents containing heavy metals can be
remediated with the help of dead microorganisms by the process
known as biosorption. In this study the dead biomass 1of fungus
Aspergillus flavus was used for the biosorption of heavy metals
i.e., Zinc and Nickel. The capacity of biosorption by the dead
biomass of Aspergillus flavus was evaluated at room temperature
with different parameters which are; pH, contact time, biomass
concentration and metal ion concentration. The biosorption
capacity for Zn was found to be 47.36% at room temperature, at
pH 6.5, with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of
50 min and solution concentration of 2ppm. Biosorption capacity
for Ni was found to be 61.60% at room temperature, at pH 5,
with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of 60 min
and solution concentration of 2ppm. . In this study, desorption of
the heavy metals by 0.1M HCl was found to be effective. Fungal
biomass was recovered for reuse.
Running Head W2 Case StudiesW2 Case Studies2.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: W2: Case Studies
W2: Case Studies
2
Bismit Pratapsingh
University of the Cumberland’s
ITS-531-09 Business Intelligence
Professor: Dr. Michael Jones
1st Nov 2019
Table of Contents
Introduction2
Application case 2
1. Description of the benefits of implementation of continental go forward strategy2
2. Explanation of the reason for which it is important to use a real time data warehouse2
4. Strategic advantage of using real time system rather than using a traditional information system3
Application case4
1. Premier 4
2. Primary challenges of premier to achieve the vision4
3.
Solution
provided by IBM and other partner4
4. Results and other benefits5
Conclusion5
Introduction
Airlines domain has a number of critical aspects that are required to be integrated within the account. It can be stated that all the significant management of this study are required to be managed in such a way the accountability is maximized. It is quite critical to understand that the essential elements are required to be managed extensively within the business domain. This study includes aspects such as go forward strategy and real time dta warehousing. Application case
1. Description of the benefits of implementation of continental go forward strategy
Go forward strategy refers to a critical element that is associated with four interrelated parts within the same time limit that relates as a strong apparatus for setting the association with in the right choice. The advantages in this domain are dynamic in nature. The primary advantages in this domain can be identified below.
· Go forward strategy have helped the continental airlines for setting up a range of noteworthy approaches for modifying the industry status from first to top selection
· The discovery as well as innovation has reformed as progressively based for supporting the specific activities.
· The strategy is extremely vital in terms of quality management
· Cost reduction is another prime benefit in relation to the continental go forward strategy
· Disposal of fraud is another critical element that is incorporated within the beneficiary account.
2. Explanation of the reason for which it is important to use a real time data warehouse
Real time data warehouse is extremely critical to be implemented by airlines. It can be identified that the airlines have multiple domains that are required to be taken into account by the airlines. A number of critical alignments are associated with it. Data warehousing is one of the primary aspects within the context of airlines domain. It is quite evident that all the systematic management in this domain are required to be integrated in such a manner that the accountability is maximized. It is quite important to understand that all the situational perspectives are required to be integrated within this domain for the betterment of the organization. The refresh rate of real time data warehousing is extremely high. As a result of that, RDW is ext.
Running head VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 1VENICE FAMILY CLINIC.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 1
VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 4
Venice Family Clinic
Introduction
Venice Family Clinic (VFC) is well‐known for giving quality wellbeing services to populaces deprived through a powerful volunteer model. Established in 1970, it has a long history of volunteerism, which has been coordinated into the way of life of the association. There is great leadership involvement in the model just as an internal framework set up to enlist and support volunteer doctors, including clinic space, systems for scheduling patients, and a full‐time volunteer organizer. Additionally, VFC has longstanding relationships with private healthcare facilities in the region.
A department likely to exist within the organization
VFC has a unit that offers psychiatric health services that incorporates counseling, mental services, and psychosocial support identified with the social stress of poverty, homelessness, joblessness, and aggressive behavior at home. Services include emergency intercession just as an individual, family, and group treatment. Albeit, once in a while, challenges make it difficult to pick an ideal setting; it is significant as well, where conceivable, think about privacy. VFC thinks about confidentiality as one of the keys to excellent communication, as the client is probably going to reveal data of a private and sensitive nature (Carroll & Richardson, 2016).
The financial condition of the Clinic
Venice's family clinic financial report of 2012 current liabilities is 3,398, 342, while the total existing assets total up to 9,913,386. Therefore, 2.89 is the current ratio of the clinic. This ratio is somewhat high, which implies, the clinic is not using its financial capabilities resourcefully. The clinic, however, is in a position to meet its short-term financial obligation because it has good liquidity. Conversely, 0.21 is the debt to equity ratio, which means the facility can manage its daily operations without getting help from financiers. At the beginning of the year, net resources remain at 20,690,947, while toward the end of the year, the net resource was 18,876, 692, which suggests that the facility has a net loss of 1,841,255. This clearly shows the medical clinic will experience financial constraints in sustaining its operations. Therefore, the clinic needs to control its cost to avoid losing the money (Carroll & Richardson, 2016).
Healthcare trends likely to affect the Clinic
Today, health care systems are determined to provide a patient-centered treatment, which is a trend brought about due to technology proliferation. Most health centers are integrating technology in their operation, clinical aspects, as well as administrative. As healthcare transform to becoming more goals focused and systemic, they are coming up with approaches and techniques aimed to improve the patient’s experience. Analytics are also involved in helping hospitals foresee future trends and guide decision making.
In Venice Fami.
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Equilibrium and Kinetics Adsorption of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Sol...theijes
Sourcing cheap adsorbents for the treatment of waste water is imperative for local environments. The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solution onto bamboo activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2 was investigated. The unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon (UCABC) achieved up to 87.81% and 96.45% removal of Cd and Pb at pH-5 and 11, respectively. Removal equilibrium was attained within 1hr and 2.5hrs for Cd and Pb, respectively. The Cd and Pb adsorption increased with adsorbent dosage decrease while removal rate (%) increased with Cd and Pb concentration. Adsorption isotherm of Cd and Pb onto UCABC was determined and correlated with four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Hills). The equilibrium data fitted into Freundlich Cd (R2 = 0.9873, SSE = 0.045), Pb (R2 =0.9903, SSE = 0.051); Temkin Cd (R2 =0.9730, SSE = 0.052), Pb (R2 = 0.9079, SSE = 0.056); Hills Cd (R2 = 0.9961, SSE = 0.048), Pb (R2.= 0.9183, SSE = 0.053) and Langmuir Cd (R2 = 0.9653, SSE = 0.302), Pb (R2 = 0.9899, SSE = 0.136) isotherms. The Freundlich fitting showed isotherm adsorption capacity constants Kf = 7.843 and 5.098 (mg/g) for Cd and Pb, respectively. Furthermore, their adsorption kinetics correlated with the Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order and Intra-particle diffusion models and could be best described by the Pseudo-second order equation, suggesting chemisorptions as the limiting process. This study demonstrated that the UCABC can remove Cd2+ and Pb+ ions from aqueous solution to avert expensive commercial adsorbents
Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by baobab (Ad...IOSR Journals
High concentration of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species. The purpose of this research was to explore the use of baobab (Adsononsia digitata) fruit shells in the removal of lead(II) and copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying adsorption parameters on the removal of aqueous lead and copper ions. The adsorption of Pb(II) was found to be maximum at pH 5.5 using adsorbent dose of 0.7 g. The adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be optimum at pH 6 using adsorbent dosage of 0.9 g. The adsorption data conformed to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. However the Temkin isotherm showed the best fitting model with highest R2 values for both lead and copper (0.9977 and 0.9967) respectively. Baobab fruit shells can be used as a cost effective adsorbent for the removal of lead(II) and copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions in the treatment of industrial effluent.
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Arsenic removal from water using activated carbon derived from peltophorum pt...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample by adsorption on chemical activated carbon prepared from Peltophorum Pterocarpum
(Copper pod) fruit have been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1oC. Batch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on
chemically activated (Calcium chloride) carbon with Impregnation ratio’s (I.R) 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 for optimum time, optimum
dosage and optimum pH. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an I.R. ratio of 0.75 and hence an I.R. of 0.75 has been
taken for all the batch and column adsorption tests conducted. The optimum contact time, adsorbent dose and pH for carbon with I.R-
0.75 was 10min, 75mg and 8.75, respectively, with arsenic removal efficiency of 97.32%, 99.33% and 99.33% respectively has been
observed. Further, results of adsorption column studies data showed best fit with Freundlich Isotherm.
Keywords: Arsenic, Activated carbon, Peltophorum Pterocarpum, Calcium chloride, and Freundlich Isotherm.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF KAOLINITE COATED WITH CU-OXIDE AND ITS EFFE...Premier Publishers
In this paper, a novel copper oxide coated kaolinite was prepared as an adsorbent of Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The materials used for this study were synthesized, characterised and the product tested for mercury ion removal using standard laboratory procedures. Reactivity and removal kinetic models derived from Freundlich isotherm were used to investigate contact time and pH effects on the coefficient of protonation and rate of mass transfer of Hg(II) ions to the reactive sites, Proton coefficient of 0.89 indicated a decrease in proton consumption function when compared with uncoated kaolinite. At the 12th h reaction time, a maximum adsorption capacity of 85% was achieved. Mass transfer rates of 0.9359h-1 and 0.0748h-1 for the first and second reaction phases indicated a reduction when compared with uncoated kaolinite. These changes may be ascribed to masking of reaction sites and exposed surface area of the Cu-Oxide coated kaolinite.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DOI 10.1002tqem.21536R E S E A R C H A R T I C L EExDustiBuckner14
DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21536
R E S E A R C H A R T I C L E
Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill
in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff Idowu Iyabo Olateju
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engi-
neering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola
University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
Correspondence
Adeyinka Sikiru Yusuff, Department of Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineer-
ing, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B.
5454, Nigeria.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low-cost adsorbent
to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb2+), and zinc (II) ion (Zn2+) from an aqueous solu-
tion. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch
process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations con-
centrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill
sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF),
and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the
adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main compo-
sition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO2 ), alumina (Al2 O3 ), and zirconia (ZrO2 ). The change in
the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation
of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were
analyzed using 2- and 3-parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3-
parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb2+ and Zn2+ can be effectively removed
from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.
K E Y W O R D S
adsorption, anthill, characterization, equilibrium isotherm, heavy metal
1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater containing heavy metals has
received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the
fact that their presence in waste stream can be readily adsorbed by
aquatic organisms and make them directly enter the human food chain,
thus posing a serious health risk to consumers (Lin, MacLean, & Zeng,
2000). Because of the ability of heavy metals to accumulate in living
tissues and because they cause damage to these tissues over time,
heavy metals are classified as carcinogens. For example, exposure to
lead ions can cause anemia, kidney damage, and even untimely death
(Mohammed-Ridha, Ahmed, & Raoof, 2017), while zinc ions at elevated
concentration result in pancreas damage, osteoporosis, and even death
(Wahi, Ngaini, & Jok, 2009). Water or wastewater containing heavy
metals requires effective treatment techniques that can completely
remove these toxic metals (Yusuff, 2017).
A number of treatment techniques for the removal of heavy
me ...
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International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
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Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption Onto Activated Ca...IJERA Editor
This paper studied the ability of using local activated carbon (LAC) derived from olive waste cakes as an
adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by batch operation. Various operating parameters
such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ions concentration, and equilibrium contact time have been
studied. The results indicated that the adsorption of Cu(II) increased with the increasing pH, and the optimum
solution pH for the adsorption of Cu(II) was found to be 5. The adsorption process increases with increasing
dosage of LAC, also the amount of Cu(II) removed changes with Cu(II) initial concentration and contact time.
Adsorption was rapid and occurred within 25 min. for Cu(II) concentration range from 60 to 120 mg/l
isothermally at 30±1 oC. Maximum adsorption occurs at Cu(II) initial concentration lesser than 100 mg/l by
using adsorbent dosage (1.2 g/l). The equilibrium adsorption data for Cu(II) were fitted well with the Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of LAC was found to be 106.383
mg/g. So, the results indicated the suitability use of the activated carbon derived from olive waste cakes (LAC)
as low cost and natural material for reliable removal of Cu(II) from water and wastewater effluents.
Effluents containing heavy metals can be
remediated with the help of dead microorganisms by the process
known as biosorption. In this study the dead biomass 1of fungus
Aspergillus flavus was used for the biosorption of heavy metals
i.e., Zinc and Nickel. The capacity of biosorption by the dead
biomass of Aspergillus flavus was evaluated at room temperature
with different parameters which are; pH, contact time, biomass
concentration and metal ion concentration. The biosorption
capacity for Zn was found to be 47.36% at room temperature, at
pH 6.5, with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of
50 min and solution concentration of 2ppm. Biosorption capacity
for Ni was found to be 61.60% at room temperature, at pH 5,
with biomass concentration of 2g/L having contact time of 60 min
and solution concentration of 2ppm. . In this study, desorption of
the heavy metals by 0.1M HCl was found to be effective. Fungal
biomass was recovered for reuse.
Running Head W2 Case StudiesW2 Case Studies2.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: W2: Case Studies
W2: Case Studies
2
Bismit Pratapsingh
University of the Cumberland’s
ITS-531-09 Business Intelligence
Professor: Dr. Michael Jones
1st Nov 2019
Table of Contents
Introduction2
Application case 2
1. Description of the benefits of implementation of continental go forward strategy2
2. Explanation of the reason for which it is important to use a real time data warehouse2
4. Strategic advantage of using real time system rather than using a traditional information system3
Application case4
1. Premier 4
2. Primary challenges of premier to achieve the vision4
3.
Solution
provided by IBM and other partner4
4. Results and other benefits5
Conclusion5
Introduction
Airlines domain has a number of critical aspects that are required to be integrated within the account. It can be stated that all the significant management of this study are required to be managed in such a way the accountability is maximized. It is quite critical to understand that the essential elements are required to be managed extensively within the business domain. This study includes aspects such as go forward strategy and real time dta warehousing. Application case
1. Description of the benefits of implementation of continental go forward strategy
Go forward strategy refers to a critical element that is associated with four interrelated parts within the same time limit that relates as a strong apparatus for setting the association with in the right choice. The advantages in this domain are dynamic in nature. The primary advantages in this domain can be identified below.
· Go forward strategy have helped the continental airlines for setting up a range of noteworthy approaches for modifying the industry status from first to top selection
· The discovery as well as innovation has reformed as progressively based for supporting the specific activities.
· The strategy is extremely vital in terms of quality management
· Cost reduction is another prime benefit in relation to the continental go forward strategy
· Disposal of fraud is another critical element that is incorporated within the beneficiary account.
2. Explanation of the reason for which it is important to use a real time data warehouse
Real time data warehouse is extremely critical to be implemented by airlines. It can be identified that the airlines have multiple domains that are required to be taken into account by the airlines. A number of critical alignments are associated with it. Data warehousing is one of the primary aspects within the context of airlines domain. It is quite evident that all the systematic management in this domain are required to be integrated in such a manner that the accountability is maximized. It is quite important to understand that all the situational perspectives are required to be integrated within this domain for the betterment of the organization. The refresh rate of real time data warehousing is extremely high. As a result of that, RDW is ext.
Running head VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 1VENICE FAMILY CLINIC.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 1
VENICE FAMILY CLINIC 4
Venice Family Clinic
Introduction
Venice Family Clinic (VFC) is well‐known for giving quality wellbeing services to populaces deprived through a powerful volunteer model. Established in 1970, it has a long history of volunteerism, which has been coordinated into the way of life of the association. There is great leadership involvement in the model just as an internal framework set up to enlist and support volunteer doctors, including clinic space, systems for scheduling patients, and a full‐time volunteer organizer. Additionally, VFC has longstanding relationships with private healthcare facilities in the region.
A department likely to exist within the organization
VFC has a unit that offers psychiatric health services that incorporates counseling, mental services, and psychosocial support identified with the social stress of poverty, homelessness, joblessness, and aggressive behavior at home. Services include emergency intercession just as an individual, family, and group treatment. Albeit, once in a while, challenges make it difficult to pick an ideal setting; it is significant as well, where conceivable, think about privacy. VFC thinks about confidentiality as one of the keys to excellent communication, as the client is probably going to reveal data of a private and sensitive nature (Carroll & Richardson, 2016).
The financial condition of the Clinic
Venice's family clinic financial report of 2012 current liabilities is 3,398, 342, while the total existing assets total up to 9,913,386. Therefore, 2.89 is the current ratio of the clinic. This ratio is somewhat high, which implies, the clinic is not using its financial capabilities resourcefully. The clinic, however, is in a position to meet its short-term financial obligation because it has good liquidity. Conversely, 0.21 is the debt to equity ratio, which means the facility can manage its daily operations without getting help from financiers. At the beginning of the year, net resources remain at 20,690,947, while toward the end of the year, the net resource was 18,876, 692, which suggests that the facility has a net loss of 1,841,255. This clearly shows the medical clinic will experience financial constraints in sustaining its operations. Therefore, the clinic needs to control its cost to avoid losing the money (Carroll & Richardson, 2016).
Healthcare trends likely to affect the Clinic
Today, health care systems are determined to provide a patient-centered treatment, which is a trend brought about due to technology proliferation. Most health centers are integrating technology in their operation, clinical aspects, as well as administrative. As healthcare transform to becoming more goals focused and systemic, they are coming up with approaches and techniques aimed to improve the patient’s experience. Analytics are also involved in helping hospitals foresee future trends and guide decision making.
In Venice Fami.
Running head VIGNETTE ONEVIGNETTE ONE 2VIGNETTE ONE .docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VIGNETTE ONE
VIGNETTE ONE
2
VIGNETTE ONE
2
Vignette One
California Southern University
Vignette One
Question 1
Jack is unwilling association with women is due to his fear to get trapped in their love. This is a result of his mother’s unconditional love. His mother consistently gave him a warm, unconditional love. She constantly attempted to draw Jack under the care of her while securing him. She didn't give Jack time to act naturally and to communicate. Jack was limited to a life with instructions and reliance to his parents. Jack may have built up his character further from the time he began lacking parental control because of his folks' separation. He likewise built up an existence of self-will in his connections with the people around him. Jack lack of self-will made him feel less worth. Several drives might have originated to explain Jack’s view of his life as just an image and nothing more than that. Such drives include a feeling of anger and resentment. He was too reliant on his parent’s instructions thus lacking an opportunity to grow as an independent individual. Jack has chronic worry emanating from ruminative thoughts and an anticipation to failure.
The most probable explanation to his condition is presence of an aggressive drive. Aggression is basically a typical psychological feature in males. The organizing feature in males results from hormones within their body (Parsons & Zhang, 2014). Male species always feel the urge to control and organize issues around them. Jack’s mother did not allow him to experience control thus slow development of anger. Aggression might be resulting from a response to hardships, threats and injuries. Jack developed a hostile aggression that developed from fear, anger, frustrations, feeling of loneliness and pain. He developed a character of unwillingness to become vulnerable to people surrounding him. Jack lacked enough parental care since the divorce withdrew his mother’s unconditional love. The divorce did not stop her from loving him. Explain. These experiences are related to Jack’s current relationship with women. He relates lack of love to all women using his mother as a reference. Jack struggles to be independent since his mother overprotected him.
Question 2
Jack describes his father as a controlling and cruel person who had archaic ideas. Jack’s rejection of his father has a number of underlying psychological aspects. The feeling of hate towards his father is apparent and it resurfaces in Jack’s adult life. He deals with sadness, anger and rejection. Jack felt the need to escape from his father’s control thus creating a defense mechanism. He developed a defense mechanism of defiance. At the end, he ended up becoming the exact opposite of what his father wanted him to be. An over controlling father led to anxiety symptoms and thus Jack feels the urge to rebel. There are certain psychological factors and aspects involved in the way Jack rejects his father’s wishes. The .
Running Head VIGNETTE ONE2VIGNETTE ONE ANALYSIS.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: VIGNETTE ONE
2
VIGNETTE ONE ANALYSIS
Vignette Analysis One
John Doe
California Southern University
<The vignette is located on the last page of this document. Do not include the vignette in your assignment>
Narrative Therapy
A narrative therapist would listen respectfully to John and Mary’s stories, and to understand the influence that these stories have had on their lives (Corey, 2013). “Because of the power of dominant culture narratives, individuals tend to internalize the messages from these dominant discourses, which often work against the life opportunity of the individual” (p. 410). Growing up in a culture where he may have experienced racism and prejudice, John may have internalized a story that children must toughen up to the world. “Within the family, African-American parents use a number of disciplinary actions that prepare children to live in a racist environment where unfairness and discrimination are common. In that vein, respect for authority is typically nonnegotiable in African-American families; children who are disrespectful receive the most severe forms of punishment-usually physical” (Evans, 2013, p.65). Thus, the heavy-handed discipline John experienced himself as a child may be an acceptable cultural narrative of his own parenting style with his sons today. John’s view of the school of hard knox may represent his narrative that his sons should attend school where they will learn to, cope with racism, which includes developing a tough skin. Mary may have internalized a story from her own childhood where traditional African-American mothers raise daughters to be empowered and independent but for their sons, independence is not stressed as strongly and punishment is not as severe, often enabling their male children (Evans, 2013). This could explain her desire to protect and her sons from harmful aspects of life and John’s harsh disciplinary measures. The therapist must be aware of stereotyping and learn how to recognize diversity issues and work with John and Mary in the context of their worldview. It is an ethical obligation for counselors to develop sensitivity to cultural differences (Corey, 2013). While John’s style of discipline may be culture-laden, the therapist must look at his or her own professional obligation according to the legal and ethical code of the state in which they work.
Listening with an Open Mind
Narrative therapists must listen to clients without judgment or blame, affirming and valuing them. This might be difficult for the therapist in the vignette since there is already a judgment on John through problematic narratives of the therapist’s own father. The therapist may have difficulty working with John without imposing their value systems and interpretations. The therapist must listen to this couple’s problem-saturated stories without getting stuck (Core.
Running head UNIT 6 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT 1 U.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: UNIT 6 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT 1
Unit 6 Annotated Bibliography Assignment
Kacey Smith
Purdue University Global
Please note that this is a sample Unit 6 Assignment to help inspire and guide your own
original writing of the assignment. Be sure to review the assignment instructions and grading
rubric, complete each task in the instructions, and contact the instructor with any questions.
Commented [S1]: The title page and document
are properly formatted in APA 6th edition style.
For tips on formatting, see the Writing Center’s
Citation Guides page:
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/cita
tionguides
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/citationguides
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/citationguides
UNIT 6 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT 2
Unit 6 Annotated Bibliography Assignment
Thesis statement: Despite assertions that bullying is just kids being kids, the behavior actually
comes from not understanding differences, disabilities, and specialness – a problem parents,
educators, and others who work with children can use fiction to solve.
Constantinescu, C. & Samuels, C. A. (2016, September 6). Studies flag potential downside to
inclusion. Education Week. Retrieved from www.edweek.org.
Constantinescu and Samuels review studies that suggest inclusion of special education
students with typical peers can be problematic, particularly for younger children. In fact, several
studies indicated that typical children in kindergarten and first grade who have special needs
peers in their classes are more likely to have behavior issues, problems with social skills, and
lower scores in reading and math (2016). The article describes the experience of one education
teacher who expressed concern that inclusion of special needs students in the classroom
negatively influences the behavior of other students by precipitating and increasing incidents of
verbal and/or physical conflict between the students (Constantinescu & Samuels, 2016).
Education Week has been publishing since 1981, and they cover different angles on an
array of education-related issues. The authors have published other articles in Education Week
and elsewhere. The topics are all about education, but not all are focused on inclusion or special
needs students, which helped me conclude that they do not have a biased agenda. Within the
article, they cite research studies to support their ideas, and this article was published in 2016,
making it recent.
This article could be seen as a challenge to my argument. Clearly, the described situation
is unacceptable, but inclusion is not the problem; it is a lack of strategies and support to teach all
Commented [S2]: Don’t forget to include your
revised thesis statement!
Commented [S3]: Place the citation (using the
hanging indent) before the annotation.
Commented [S4]: The annotations need to
include a s.
Running head VULNARABE POPULATION 1VULNARABLE POPULATION .docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VULNARABE POPULATION 1
VULNARABLE POPULATION 7
People diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
Student
Tutor
Course
Date
HIV/AIDS is one of the many factors that are usually affecting the world. Research shows that a total number of 1.1 million people are living with HIV, and 75% of the population in amerce don’t know that they get infected with the virus (Burkholder & Nash, Special populations in health care, 2013). HIV/AIDS affects people from all genders, races, and ethnic age. Today the most significant population of people living with HIV/AIDS are more affected in terms of Medicare and Medicaid. Healthcare facility though they offer antiretroviral which helps prolong patients with HIV it’s not sufficient enough to a permanent solution.
HIV/AIDS is more severe among the young generation. The youth are more likely to get HIV/AIDS than the old due to so many activities to which they indulge. When it comes to age HIV/AIDs, the young are more like to survive longer if they engage early with the treatment procedure and healthier factor than the old. When the old generation gets infected with HIV/AIDS that creates a crisis in the next generation in terms of survival, those affected are more likely to lose jobs, education, and health care to discrimination and end up relying on aid. The reliance on welfare is more likely to happen among those with HIV/AIDS as well to help mitigate their health condition.
According to research, those populations with HIV/AIDS are more likely to spend most of their incomes on healthcare than other items. HIV/AIDS populations are more like not to get hired on a job due to health issues and risk poverty lines. When a country has a large population of people with HIV/AIDS the country is headed in crisis and is likely to lead under a financial crisis to healthcare management. Infrastructure development and other beneficial programs that might benefit the country are halted to stop epidemic rise of HIV/AIDS in the country. There are no special jobs designed for those with HIV/AIDS, thus forcing the broad population into poverty. To mitigate the income crisis the government and private parties should work together and find way to help create specific jobs and cheap healthcare programs.
Analyze the intersection of social, political, and economic factors affecting vulnerability (must address all three factors)
Social factors that affect the population with HIV/AIDS. Communities with a higher living among poverty line is more affected with HIV/AIDS than those community among the wealthy status. Those based on the poverty line spend the little they have in healthcare; the more the population is affected by healthcare problems, the likelier infrastructure and development get halted. Those, however, living in wealthy communities they have enough money to pay for healthcare and support infrastructure and other development as well. Social factor have a significant role in how they treat and mitigate the spread of .
Running head UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKETS .docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKETS 5
The following research is of a marketing plan for Apple Inc.’s iPhone. An accurate report of numerous factors, which enlighten Apple Inc.’s iPhone, along with the demographics of customers who buy the product. Some of the crucial components created in this paper consist of client analysis, opportunities of Apple Inc., and their main threat, and awareness on the targeted market.
Understanding Target Markets
Client Analysis
It is distinct that the desire for innovation and technology motivates the customers to purchase Apple iPhones. Apple is a corporation that has put its emphasis on technology innovation; therefore, it has become a favorable choice of purchase from the consumers. A majority of Apple’s clientele are fascinated by the fact that the organization can uphold its position concerning their innovative values as well as their leadership. The market of the Apple iPhone comprises of the customers in the high-social class (Khan et al., 2015).
Regarding this state, the customer’s pay rate permits them to buy the merchandise. Another thing, which observed is that many of Apple’s clientele are young adults who spend cash on such items and relish on having extravagances like an iPhone. Similarly, Apple Inc. can control the fascination of its clienteles by steadily improving the technology associated with the iPhone.
Opportunities
the organization has the opportunity of increasing its market section and proliferating sales of the phones in the market if it only makes use of the following commendations:
1. with a focus on the Asian and African markets, the middle-class persons in Africa are vexing to shift their class and have a better status; hence, they are chasing high-end gadgets that will display their anticipated level (Khan et al., 2015).
2. The Asian market is growing to be important in Apple Inc. Asian nations have gotten financial solidity over the previous years, signifying that the inhabitants are more enthusiastic about buying high-end merchandise like the Apple iPhone. Also, the Asian market is one of the best markets that Apple Inc. ought to survey since they will have the capability of selling their products.
Present Threats
Chinese organizations display a strong presence in similar market section as Apple Inc. Apple will require to do a lot concerning advertising the iPhone. The probabilities of trades in China duplicating Apple Inc.’s merchandise are high, meaning Apple ought to have the capability to make the iPhone striking to the developing market (Blenko et al., 2016). Furthermore, Apple Inc.ought to persist in growing its market as well as product to the precise target audience in order to remain competitive. Apple Inc. should be dependent on increasing technology and staying advanced; this will assist them in becoming and remaining an essential product in overseas markets. Generally, Apple Inc. has bo.
Running head VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEM.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 1
VETERANS PTSD CAUSES, TREATMENTS, AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Veterans PTSD Causes, Treatments, and Support systems
Evaluations on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among veterans is imperative for a positive health outcome. The evaluations and analysis of the results ensure that barriers to treatment are addressed and have access to the available support systems. Studies carried out have depicted the successes of the treatments and support programs in the health systems to veterans. Modifications on the systems have also been recommended to combat and control PTSD. Alternative approaches such as computerized systems, natural treatment methods, and home-based systems are also essential in providing a holistic approach in PTSD treatments. Treatment methods success ensures that veterans do not fall victim to depression, which can result in chronic diseases. This can be as a result of negative health behaviors and lifestyles. Understanding the consequences of PTSD among veterans will ensure that approaches utilized offer not only treatment methods but also offer support systems for general wellbeing.
The first source focuses on the treatment and success of three-week outpatient program by “evaluating patterns and predictors of symptom change during a three-week intensive outpatient treatment for veterans with PTSD.” The study is evidence-based on statistics drawn from the program and modifications for optimal success rates. 191 veterans were the participants in the research comprising of a daily group and individual Cognitive Processing Therapy (Zalta et al., 2018). The data was analyzed from the sample cohorts in accordance with military and demographic characteristics. Measures in the study involved treatment engagement as well as comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment changes (Zalta et al., 2018). The results showed progress in the evaluation of predictors and patterns in treatment changes. Procedures utilized involved group sessions with daily activities for the development of the treatment program. Self-report metrics were also applied in the procedures as control groups were challenging in the study. Modified and intensive outpatient (IOP) treatment to veterans showed high success levels in the program (Zalta et al., 2018).
The second source examines a new treatment in exploring the feasibility of computerized, placebo-controlled, and home-based executive function training (EFT) on psychological and neuropsychological functions. The source titled “Computer-based executive function training for combat veterans with PTSD” shows trials in assessing feasibility and predictors output. The study shows how the functions can be useful in brain activation combating PTSD in veterans. Symptoms experienced after treatment on PTSD cases are stimulated through neural and cognition reactivity, which can be contr.
Running head UNITED STATES COAST GUARD1UNITED STATES COAST G.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: UNITED STATES COAST GUARD 1
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD 9
United States Coast Guard
Jovan Padia
SEC/481
December 2, 2019
Overview
The US Coast Guard is the main organization recognized by the state and tasked with the role of providing security, and navigation guidance in the marine areas of the US ports and waterways. The Coast Guard defends more than 100,000 miles along the coast of the US and inland water routes. It also protects the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which comprises 4.5m miles2, which covers from above the Arctic Circle to below the equator, which is from Puerto Rico to Guam (United States Coast Guard 2016). The area covered is comprised of nine time zones, and this makes it the biggest EEZ.
The Coast Guard is part of the defence forces in the US and the only military branch in the Department of Homeland Security. It is not only part of the defence forces tasked with protection, but it is also the first respondent in disasters. The Coasts Guards are the first to respond and offer humanitarian help during distress, especially during natural and human-made disasters onshore and in the sea. The Coast Guard is also a law enforcement agency and a member of the intelligence community that has the regulatory role as well. The Coast Guard has a legal mandate on issues that revolve around maritime transportation, the shipping in and out of hazardous material, oil spillage responses, administering bridges, piloting, and operation of vessels and the building of vessels (United States Coast Guard 2016). Although the Coast Guard is usually under Homeland Security, it can be moved temporarily to the Navy, especially during cases of war.
Roles and Missions of The US Coast Guard/ Strengths of US Coast Guard
The US Coast Guard has several strengths when it comes to its roles and missions. One of the strong points of the Coastal Guard is maintaining maritime safety. In maintaining maritime safety, the Coastal Guard works towards eliminating deaths, injuries, and property damage that may occur in the course of transport, fishing, recreation, and any other activities on the water. The Coastal Guard also conducts missions such as investigations, preventing disasters from happening, and responding when disasters happen. They make sure that all the people operating vessels in the sea are licensed. They also conduct ice patrol to ensure that vessels do not run into the areas that are frozen.
The other strength of the Coastal Guard is that they participate in national defence. The Coastal Guard supports the National Security Strategy. Often, they operate under Homeland Security, but in instances of war, they are shifted to operate under the Navy. In national defense, the Coastal Guard is supposed to conduct maritime military interceptions, respond to military distress calls, secure ports, engage in peacetime military engagements, and oversee the coastal sea control operations.
The other strong role played by the Coast.
Running head VALUES AND NORMS INSIDE A TATTOO PARLORVALUES AND .docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: VALUES AND NORMS INSIDE A TATTOO PARLOR
VALUES AND NORMS INSIDE A TATTOO PARLOR 2
Values and Norms Inside a Tattoo Parlor
An Observational Study
Cascadia Community College
Introduction:
I have chosen to research the values and norms of the subculture surrounding tattoos. While many cultures the world over have had a reverent and traditional relationship with tattooing and other body modifications for generations, western culture has only become more accepting of this form of artwork in the past couple of decades. I was interested in studying this subculture because of the still-evolving shift of opinions about body modification. As mainstream culture becomes increasingly accepting of tattoos, the spaces where they are obtained are, in turn, more popular. Just over a decade after the turn of the twenty-first century, about 40% of Americans between 26 and 40 years old are tattooed (Larsen, Markham, & Patterson 2014), and even television shows centered on tattoos have become successful. However, there is still a fair amount of misunderstanding between mainstream western culture and tattoo culture. At present, there are still individuals and groups, usually who are more conservative, that look down on tattoos, not only on the grounds of relation to criminal activity, but also that the very act of getting tattooed is unsanitary and dangerous. Even in more accepting spaces, people with several visible tattoos are exoticized and can be subjected to repetitive and invasive questions surrounding their body art. In observing a tattoo parlor, I hoped to answer the following questions: In what ways can the process of tattooing be considered dangerous, if any? In what ways do the norms and values of this subculture differ from those of the western mainstream?
Literature Review:
In their review, Larsen, Markham, and Patterson (2014) share various studies reflecting a historically negative public opinion – a “stigma of deviance” – surrounding tattoos in western culture, dating as far back as the ancient Greeks. Deviance, as defined by McIntyre, is “the flip side of conformity” (2014), and the sanctions placed to prevent it from infiltrating the mainstream can have serious consequences. Tattoos represented the “other” in terms of social status and were even given involuntarily as a means of visually differentiating the tattooed person from the rest of society. Later, voluntary tattoos in the west were sought out mainly by criminals, or by those in the military. Tattooed people were not only avoided socially but could also be barred from employment in many spaces. While the twentieth century saw tattoos gain traction as a means of carving out identity, or a form of postmodernist self-expression, they describe a “tattoo Renaissance” taking place in the relatively recent 1980s. At this time, there was a growing focus on the artistry and creativity of tattooing, rather than the denouncement of the “type” of person who would seek it. The stigm.
Running Head VIGNETTE ONE5VIGNETTE ONE ANALYSIS.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: VIGNETTE ONE
5
VIGNETTE ONE ANALYSIS
Vignette Analysis One
John Doe
California Southern University
<The vignette is located on the last page of this document. Do not include the vignette in your assignment>
Narrative Therapy
A narrative therapist would listen respectfully to John and Mary’s stories, and to understand the influence that these stories have had on their lives (Corey, 2013). “Because of the power of dominant culture narratives, individuals tend to internalize the messages from these dominant discourses, which often work against the life opportunity of the individual” (p. 410). Growing up in a culture where he may have experienced racism and prejudice, John may have internalized a story that children must toughen up to the world. “Within the family, African-American parents use a number of disciplinary actions that prepare children to live in a racist environment where unfairness and discrimination are common. In that vein, respect for authority is typically nonnegotiable in African-American families; children who are disrespectful receive the most severe forms of punishment-usually physical” (Evans, 2013, p.65). Thus, the heavy-handed discipline John experienced himself as a child may be an acceptable cultural narrative of his own parenting style with his sons today. John’s view of the school of hard knox may represent his narrative that his sons should attend school where they will learn to, cope with racism, which includes developing a tough skin. Mary may have internalized a story from her own childhood where traditional African-American mothers raise daughters to be empowered and independent but for their sons, independence is not stressed as strongly and punishment is not as severe, often enabling their male children (Evans, 2013). This could explain her desire to protect and her sons from harmful aspects of life and John’s harsh disciplinary measures. The therapist must be aware of stereotyping and learn how to recognize diversity issues and work with John and Mary in the context of their worldview. It is an ethical obligation for counselors to develop sensitivity to cultural differences (Corey, 2013). While John’s style of discipline may be culture-laden, the therapist must look at his or her own professional obligation according to the legal and ethical code of the state in which they work.
Listening with an Open Mind
Narrative therapists must listen to clients without judgment or blame, affirming and valuing them. This might be difficult for the therapist in the vignette since there is already a judgment on John through problematic narratives of the therapist’s own father. The therapist may have difficulty working with John without imposing their value systems and interpretations. The therapist must listen to this couple’s problem-saturated stories without getting stuck (Core.
Running head USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING .docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 1
USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 9
Using IT to Model Behaviour for Policy Making
Naga Devika Cheekati
University of The Cumberlands
Annotated Bibliography
Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288.
Li and Zhang (2014), investigate how technology can be used in a simulation that would aid in determining how effectively smart grid technology can be implemented. The successful implementation of smart grid technology requires the combination of several different frameworks that rely on information communication technology to aid in the regulation of power created and supplied. A simulation of possible communication networks that can be used is made in the study as a way of testing the viability of a smart grid system and its application in reality. The paper successfully identifies various simulation frameworks that can be used to successfully gauge how the system can be created. The findings show that information technology can play an integral role in creating simulations that can support policymaking.
Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014). Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology, 13, 112-121.
Sarabando, Cravino, and Soares (2014) investigate the use of computer simulation to analyse how students learn key concepts of physics. Software is used to analyse common learning processes used in teaching physics. Students in the sample population were asked to carry out learning activities ordinarily on the traditional learning environment. The results were then compared to learning activities that were carried out using computer software. The findings showed that the use of computer simulation in learning improved the retention rate, while the language used by teachers also impacted the speed of learning. The findings of the study can be used in the formulation of learning policies, which shows that IT simulation can be successfully used in the formulation of public policy.
Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 101-108.
Mensah, Merkuryev, and Longo (2015) analyse how simulation can be used to improve supply chain performance. According to the study, many different factors impact on the performance of a supply chain, some of which are not taken into consideration when designing supply chain activities. Through simulation aided by information technology, all key factors that influence the performance of the supply chain can be analysed in-depth and included in simulation models. The models are then used to analyse how a supply chain will perform under different c.
Running Head: UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 1
UNIT 6 ASSIGNMENT 1 9
Xavier Williams
Unit 6 Assignment 1
Introduction
This course is designed for the department of engineering. In this engineering course, I will teach the learners about water resource engineering. They will learn Integrated Water Resources Development (IWRD) and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) as a general framework for Water Resources Engineering. The students will mention water challenges experienced in their locality. This will be done in groups of five students with the aim of stating challenges of water and how to solve them. At the end of each lesson the teacher will lead in demonstration of various water resources and how water from the sources can be harnessed. The following will be the student learning goals; Learners will be able to understand elements integrated water resources management. Learners will be able to know erosion and deposition in rivers, Learners will be able to learn laws governing water in their country and internationally, Learners will be able to know erosion and deposition in rivers, Learners will be able to sit in groups and discuss different water sources.
Since this is an engineering lesson, it will be necessary to conduct a practical experience. Learners play an active role and engage more during practical exercises than in theoretical practices. During practical exercises, students get a chance to utilize what they learnt in class and build confidence while at it to deal with real world situations. Allowing students to have discussions in groups’ plays a great role in learning experience by enhancing democratic learning, complements reflective learning and accommodates individual difference. Therefore, I aim to mix the low-ability learners with the high ability learners and help in leading discussions to ensure achievement of learning goals by the end of the course.
Learning goals
Learning goals state what the teacher intends the students to achieve as a result of a successful completion of the teaching experience. It could be at the end of a program, a course or learning experience. A course learning goal explains what the students will be capable to perform at the end of a course while program goal is what the student is capable of achieving at the end of their degree or diploma certificate. A well state learning goals should state the outcomes (Marzano, 2010). This is basically what the student will be in a position to do after they successfully complete the course. They should be simple and clear such that everyone comprehends them. They should focu.
Running head UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1 Unit 2 Assignment St.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 1
Unit 2 Assignment
Student Name
Purdue University Global
Please note that this is a sample Unit4 Assignment to help inspire and guide your own
original writing of the assignment. Be sure to review the assignment instructions and grading
rubric, complete each task in the instructions, and contact the instructor with any questions.
Commented [S1]: The title page and document
are properly formatted in APA 6th edition style.
For tips on formatting, see the Writing Center’s
Citation Guides page:
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/cita
tionguides
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/citationguides
https://library.purdueglobal.edu/writingcenter/citationguides
UNIT 2 ASSIGNMENT 2
Unit 2 Assignment
One of the most interesting aspects of persuasion is that it can apply to so many different
areas in life, from the personal to the professional to the academic. A few months ago, I had an
opportunity to use persuasive writing on Facebook to help my cousin reach an important
decision. She had posted about wanting to adopt a cat but mentioned that she didn’t like having
to fill out the lengthy application that her local shelter required. She posted a little rant about this
and ended it with, “Maybe I should just buy a kitty at the pet store. It’d be a lot less
complicated!” As someone who has several rescue animals, I have strong feelings about this
subject, and I wanted to address this in a message to her. I told her about my experience adopting
my pets and how rewarding it was to know that these surrendered animals had found a loving
home with me. I even did a little research and shared some statistics I found: Over three million
unwanted cats are brought to shelters each year, and a significant percentage of them end up
getting euthanized (ASPCA, 2018). Since my cousin is a very down-to-earth person, I wrote
about all this in a way that I knew would speak to her: factually and straightforward, with a little
humor thrown in (I included some funny stories about Tippy, my newest rescue). She ended up
thanking me profusely for the message, and not two weeks later she was back on Facebook
again, posting pictures of the beautiful domestic shorthair cat she adopted from the shelter.
Another equally important area of persuasive communication is that which occurs in a
professional context. As a future psychologist, I will likely be responsible for proposing
treatment plans and collaborating on treatment plans in a team setting as well. For the time being,
I am working in a call center, and I recently had a firsthand experience with persuasive
workplace communication. My coworkers and I had been talking among ourselves about how
nice it would be to have “Casual Fridays” where we could have the option of wearing jeans to
Commented [S2]: This is a specific example of
persuasive writing in a personal context.
Commented.
Running head Uber Case Study2Uber Case Study.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: Uber Case Study
2
Uber Case Study
Uber Case Study
XXX Student Name
June 30, 2018
I. Overview of Uber
Uber is a ride sharing company that was launched in San Francisco in 2010 when UberCab connected its first rider with a town car for a ride across the city (Uber.com). The company was designed to allow consumers to hail a ride from local drivers with the simple push of a button (using an app), and has since disrupted the taxi cab industry. The inception of Uber brought new technology and ideas into a transportation sector historically lacking in innovation and customer service. The company’s founders saw an opportunity to use technologies such as smartphones, GPS and Google Maps to improve transportation and the result has been a more convenient, faster and cheaper service.
Uber is headquartered in San Francisco, California and operates by charging consumers for rides. This is primarily how the company generates revenue (although they do participate in some advertising on their website). The Uber app facilitates the location of a driver and the transfer of funds. The fare is then charged to the consumer’s credit card (Investopedia.com, 2018). Uber quickly raised money and launched operations in hundreds of cities; it is now in over 65 countries and cities worldwide. Last year, Uber announced it had completed 4 billion trips (15 million trips are completed each day) (Uber.com).
Since 2010, Uber’s service offerings have become quite expansive. Although they initially offered only full service luxury vehicles, now when hailing a ride consumers have choices such as Uber Pool, Uber X, Uber XL and Uber Black. These choices were non-existent previously with taxi cab companies. More recently, Uber has entered other markets such as the food delivery business. They now offer services such as UberEATs which delivers food from local restaurants (Ubereats.com, 2018).
To understand Uber’s main competitors and market structure, it is important to understand some of the history behind taxi companies, especially in major cities. Taxi cab drivers had a monopoly prior to Uber entering in many cities such as New York. In 1937, New York City passed the Haas Act which established a licensing system to influence supply. The system required taxi drivers to purchase a medallion in order to operate. The government sells limited numbers of medallions which allows them to control competition and entry into the market. This is at the expense of consumers since it restricts supply and keeps costs high. Despite a growing population, the number of available medallions has remained partially fixed, only increasing marginally. Taxi drivers with a medallion enjoy high profits and have fewer incentives to ensure satisfaction. Today, the number of medallions in New York City remains capped, maintaining a barrier to entry.
After Uber launched in New York City, the prices of medallions dropped significantly; this has be.
Running Head Unit I1Running Head Unit IUnit I.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: Unit I
1
Running Head: Unit I
Unit I Scholarly Activity
Student Name
Institution
Attitude refers to the tendency of positively or negatively responding to a particular situation, idea, person, or object. An individual's attitude affects the choices they make, as well as how they respond to rewards, incentives, and challenges. Abortion, on the other hand, refers to the termination of a pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus before its survival in the environment outside the uterus. When an abortion happens without intervention is known as a miscarriage. Induced abortion is what happens when there are intentional steps and procedures put in place to end a pregnancy. There are different attitudes toward abortion among various groups of people (Fabrigar & Wegener, 2010).
A significant percentage of women have a positive attitude towards abortion and support it if the pregnancy was unplanned. Women desire to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Some women also argue that abortion should be legalized while another portion is against the idea of legalizing it. Most of those who support its legalization have practiced or have helped others abort. Most people who believe in God do not support abortion because they think only God has permission to terminate one's life. They view abortion breaking the commandment, which states that thou shall not kill. Many religious leaders are also not in support of abortion since it is a way of murdering an innocent soul (Doran & Nancarrow, 2015). In most countries, abortion under the law is illegal except when the life of the mother is in danger, and the only way of saving the life of that mother would be by terminating the pregnancy.
Attitude affects the daily decision in my life as well of those around me. For example, my negative attitude towards a certain meal makes me avoid making it when it's my turn to prepare food at home. This causes chaos at home since my not liking the meal does not necessarily mean that the other members of the family do not like it. Also, sometimes, a day doesn't always go the way I wanted. This makes my moods and reactions for the rest of the day change, which profoundly affects those around me. This is due to most of the choices I make will be negative based on how the day has been.
My research about abortion has affected my view of the abortion issue. I have learned that it is not always that abortion is deliberate since sometimes miscarriage can occur without the consent of the pregnant woman. Sometimes it is understandable for the abortion to be affected, especially if the life of the mother is in danger. For example, if the child has died while still in the womb, the only way to save the mother's life would be by inducing them so that the child is removed.
Choosing the topic of abortion might lead to cropping up of different issues such as debates on whether abortion should be accepted or not as well as counseling issues. Counseling on pregnancy mig.
Running Head TYPOLOGY 1 TYPOLOGY 5 Typology The s.docxjenkinsmandie
Running Head: TYPOLOGY 1
TYPOLOGY 5
Typology
The social justice case in Cortez Multimedia results to diverse counsellors increasing
their assertiveness and awareness of the vulnerabilities which place people at risk of
like in the case of Paula Cortez. 1 For instance, counsellors might use activities which
are mindfulness-based such as body awareness exercises and body scans to aid
clients to be able to differentiate between past and current experiences. In such a
case, I would use group therapy to help her feel better about herself and know that
she is not the only one undergoing the difficult moments (Toseland, et.al, 2017).
1 In addition, group therapy is essential in establishing support as well as rapport
and helps in guaranteeing motivation among different members in a given group in a
therapy among victims of thinking about suicidal concerns. The kind of therapy
entails of joining the purposes of the miscellaneous people of the group and
therapists or rather counsellors who have dealt with such specific individuals. A
group therapist is anticipated to be unequivocal and reassuring as well as places
stress and puts augmented concentration towards the progress and development of
the upcoming of different people, especially like in our case of Paula Cortez, who
might have gone through a lot.Also, according to Carl Rogers’s, “person-centered
group therapy and the democratic leadership style would be a better fit in that
person-centered group therapy is distinguished by the conditions of the group as
impacted by the leader” (Berg et.al, 2018).
2 There are several fields that are addressed by internet-based-psychological-
interventions (IBPI). These include; 2 substance and alcohol abuse, self-help
therapies for addiction, sex disorders, anxieties and many other mental and
behavioral issues or disorders that consist of self-imaging/eating, sleeping disorders,
and smoking cessation.Most of these internet interventions are cognitive
programmers of behavior who get proposed as guided self-help programmers on the
internet. Also, these system analysts are pure self-help database critics while others
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=68a7a93b-0671-4f3e-adbf-c9c81e5fbbb6&includeDeleted=true&course_id=_16598286_1
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=68a7a93b-0671-4f3e-adbf-c9c81e5fbbb6&includeDeleted=true&course_id=_16598286_1
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=68a7a93b-0671-4f3e-adbf-c9c81e5fbbb6&includeDeleted=true&course_id=_16598286_1
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=68a7a93b-0671-4f3e-adbf-c9c81e5fbbb6&includeDeleted=true&course_id=_16598286_1
https://class.waldenu.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BBLEARN/originalityReport?attemptId=68a7a93b-0671-4f3e-adbf-c9c81e5fbbb6&includeDeleted=true&course_id=_16598286_1
https://class.waldenu.edu/.
Running head U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES 1U.S. HEALTHCARE EX.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
1
U.S. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES
7
Week 2 Assignment-Operational challenges, trends and issues for the U.S. Healthcare Executives
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
A healthcare system is an organization of funds, individuals, and institutions which provide healthcare to satisfy the health requirements of a society. Globally, healthcare systems vary depending on the specific healthcare needs of particular states. Nevertheless, the common aspects of public and private care are often similar (Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Stoddart & Torrance, 2015). Over the years, we have witnessed the systems evolving, and with this constant change, it is vital to analyze operational challenges, trends, and issues for the U.S. healthcare executives. In this paper, the main areas that will be discussed are operational challenges, trends, and problems experienced in the United States health care executives.
Challenges experienced in the healthcare workplace
Various problems have been experienced in the healthcare workplace relating to healthcare provision in the United States. Financial difficulties are one of the main challenges being experienced in the healthcare workplace in the United States. The vital financial problems arise due to lack of enough finances for implementation of new technologies to improve healthcare delivery process (Mayes, 2017). Most healthcare facilities lack adequate funds to implement advanced technologies that can be used to increase the quality of healthcare delivery. As a result, this has reduced healthcare quality improvement plans in the United States. Therefore, there is a need for federal governments to meek proper arrangements to fund all healthcare activities to improve services delivery in the health sector.
Besides, healthcare professionals to comply with federal requirements for electronic health records is another challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare workplace. For the past year, some healthcare professionals have failed to comply with federal government guidelines regarding health care delivery (Mayes, 2017). Furthermore, the increasing number of patients who cannot pay for health care services is a significant challenge that has been experienced in the United States healthcare delivery systems. These finance challenges adversely affect healthcare delivery system in the United States.
Work overload is another major challenge that has been experienced in the United States health sectors (Mayes, 2017). Observations for past years reveal that work overload at the workplace affects the performance of health care professionals in the United States. Most healthcare professionals are assigned many responsibilities at workplaces, which reduces their efficiency.
Another cause of the rising cost of healthcare is the introduction of government programs. For example, Medicare assists those without insurance, which led to an incre.
Running head TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PAPER HERE1TYPE THE T.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PAPER HERE
1
TYPE THE TITLE OF YOUR PAPER HERE
2
Add Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines
Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees
Institutional Affiliation(s)Author Note
Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.
START TYPING YOUR PAPER HERE
Ident the first line.
Make sure that you keep typing your paepr here…
Prof. Martin Hyatt
ENGLISH COMPOSITION I
Essay 2
The following essay is based on the poetry selections from the textbook or the short story,“Cathedral,” by Raymond Carver.
Please choose one of the following topics.
Complete a 2-3 page (500-750 word) essay on your chosen topic. This essay is due Week 12, of the semester. The essay should be typed, double-spaced using 12 point font. You should use Times New Roman or Courier font.
Do not use “I” in the paper.
NO LATE PAPERS WILL BE ACCEPTED.
Topics (CHOOSE ONLY ONE)
You can choose to write about Fences or about “Cathedral.”
Poetry Selections
1. Choose one of the poems we read. What is the main idea of this poem? (Remember, the main idea is the theme.) Why is the theme important to the poem and to society as a whole?
2. Compare and contrast two of the poems. What makes these two poems similar and different? Why are these two poems considered to be important? What can we learn from them?
“Cathedral”
1. How does the narrator of “Cathedral” change throughout the story? What does this narrator learn?
2. What does this story tell us about transformation? What does the story tell us about the way in which we see others in society?
1
Cathedral
By Raymond Carver (1981)
This blind man, an old friend of my wife’s, he was on his way to
spend the night. His wife had died. So he was visiting the dead wife’s
relatives in Connecticut. He called my wife from his in-law’s. Arrangements
were made. He would come by train, a five-hour trip, and my wife would
meet him at the station. She hadn’t seen him since she worked for him one
summer in Seattle ten years ago. But she and the blind man had kept in
touch. They made tapes and mailed them back and forth. I wasn’t
enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind
bothered me. My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the
blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing-
eye dogs. A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to.
That summer in Seattle she had needed a job. She didn’t have any
money. The man she was going to marry at the end of the summer was in
officers’ training school. He didn’t have any money, either. But she was in
love with the guy, and he was in love with her, etc. She’d seen something in
the paper: HELP WANTED—Reading to Blind Man, and a telephone
number. She phoned and went over, was hired on the spot. She worked with
this blind man all summer. She read stuff to him, case studies, reports, that
sort of thing..
Running head Treatment plan1Treatment plan2Eliza’s Modi.docxjenkinsmandie
Running head: Treatment plan
1
Treatment plan
2
Eliza’s Modified Treatment Plan
PCN 610
Date: August 25, 2019
Eliza’s Modified Treatment Plan
Eliza Doolittle is a Caucasian girl aged eighteen years, and a first-year student in college. Both of her parents live in a nearby town. In her initial visit, Eliza had been sent to see a counselor by the school because she was found in possession of alcoholic drinks in her the school dormitory. In the initial assessment, Eliza demonstrated depressive symptoms such as anxiety and low self-esteem. Although she denied she was intoxicated at the time, she said she had previously abused alcohol in high school. After joining college, she stated that she struggled to make new friends after parting ways with her high school friends who went to different schools. She denied having any traumatic experiences, although she stated both her high school and college friends took advantage of her on several occasions.
Changes in Eliza’s Behavior
In the second visit, Eliza has been brought to the health facility because she was found passed out and smelling alcohol. When questioned by the physician what had happened, she admitted that she had lied in her initial assessment of her drinking behavior. She admits that she has a problem with drinking. Eliza states that she often drinks to raise her level of self-esteem, gain confidence, and overcome from the strained relation of her parents. Eliza stated that she drinks about five times a week and also when she gets an opportunity to. She added that she lied in her previous visit because she feared being suspended from school due to abuse of alcohol in the school premises.
Effectiveness and Validity of the Treatment Plan
In the initial treatment, Eliza was diagnosed with mild depression because the major depressive symptoms presented were anxiety and loss of interest in normal activities. However, she had demonstrated other symptoms such as slight sleeping problems, little enjoyment of social activities, and lack of identity. The physician recommended that the symptoms could go away on their own without any treatment. However, the physician stated that Eliza should undergo cognitive behavioral therapy.
The treatment plan is still valid after the new developments in his behavior, but it would be necessary for Eliza to be referred to a psychiatrist to confirm whether she held come more information about her behavior. According to Regier et al. (2013), the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for depression states that alcohol abuse should not be a reason for diagnosing depression. Therefore, the physician can rule out alcohol abuse as a cause of depression, but alcohol abuse can be a sign of depression. According to Regier et al. (2013), most depression patients often engage in alcohol abuse.
Treatment Changes
The initial treatment that was prescribed to Eliza needs to be adjusted to address the new situation. According to Eliza’s previous diagnosis, the physician recommended that.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Running head USING BENTONITE TO EXTRACT CU2+1USING BENTONITE.docx
1. Running head: USING BENTONITE TO EXTRACT CU2+1
USING BENTONITE TO EXTRACT CU2+15
Using Bentonite to Extract Cu2+
Name
Institution
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining and comparing the
potential of various weights of activated bentonite (BN). BN is
an essential adsorbent used to remove copper sulfate in aqueous
systems. This bentonite composes of 1M ammonium chloride
i.e. NH3CL ratio; 1:1, w/w. The investigation of the adsorption
ability of the naturally activated material (BN) to adsorb copper
sulfate (CUSO4.5H2O) was investigated using UV-VIS
spectrophotometry. Raw BN (unheated) has the adsorption
ability and thus eliminates copper (II) ions from this aqueous
solution. BN has approximately 62% efficiency of eliminating
Cu2+ from copper sulfate. Various studies have determined that
the removal efficiency of copper (II) ions increase with the rise
in temperature of BN with temperatures not exceeding 200 C
having about 69% efficiency. The percentage was seen to rise to
close to 90% when BN was treated thermally. The optimal
2. values of the removal rate of Cu2+ resulted when the BN dosage
was 0.4g/100mL.
1.0 Introduction
The existence of heavy metals in most of the aquatic systems
has raised significant concern owing to their high toxicity. The
contamination of water with heavy metals results from daily
human activities. It has been observed that lead concentration in
areas inhabited by people is 20 times higher than in regions that
are not influenced directly by the actions of people. As a result,
various regulations and laws have been enacted to control
effluence with these heavy metals. Thus, the Environmental
Protection Agency, an institution set by the federal government
to adjust and observe pollutants discharge in the environment,
has set the allowable limits of massive metal emissions as
copper 1.3 ppm, mercury two ppb, cadmium 5ppb, lead 15 ppb
and chromium 100 ppb (EPA). Copper is one of the
conventional metal as it is used in metal mechanic
manufactories, industrial plant, and also in food production.
Although many laws have set limits of allowable copper
emissions, excess of its compounds are prevalent in water
bodies. Therefore, it has become necessary to find ways of
safely removing copper from aqueous solutions.
This study is aimed at investigating the efficiency of an
adsorbent material BN in adsorption of CuSO4 from aqueous
solutions. The investigation was conducted using the usages
rates of BN, the influence of BN dose, and results from other
batch adsorption studies.2.0 Literature Review
In the last few decades, contamination of water resources with
ions from heavy metals has increased, becoming a global
concern. Studies have shown that some metals are toxic to the
ecological environment and human lives. Copper sulfate is a
compound of copper and sulfur which forms a heavy metal
precipitate in water bodies. However, copper in controlled
amounts is essential in life forms due to its extensive role in the
generation of enzymes. Despite its importance, it remains one of
the most poisonous metals. Continuous exposure to copper leads
3. to severe neurological and mental illnesses like memory loss,
depression, tardive dyskinesia, autism, and depression. If human
exposure to copper continues, then it can lead to serious health
hazards such as renal and hepatic dysfunction, gastrointestinal
irritation, hypertension, and many types of cancers. Usage of
agrochemicals containing copper leads to contamination of
water bodies in the surrounding, which affects the quality of
these resources based on ecological and chemical status. Many
people residing in developing countries in Africa are likely to
consume water containing toxicities of copper sulfate as they
farm. Cases of copper sulfate intoxication among farmers have
been accidental since large amounts of the toxic material sip
through the skin as they work on their farms. For that reason,
medical care providers are required to identify cases of
poisoning due to copper sulfate and treat them.
The evacuation of wastewater from manufacturers and industrial
fields into large water bodies has led to the regarding of copper
as one of the heavy metal contaminants that are increasing
globally. Currently, there are different methods of removing
pollutions from the water, such as organic contaminants, salts,
and heavy metals. Other techniques include membrane
separation, electrocoagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis,
solvent extractions, packed bed filtration, and electro-dialysis.
However, these methods are relying on energy, which is costly,
making them uneconomical, mostly in the agricultural sector,
which is the largest consumer of water in the world. Besides,
some of these techniques release toxic byproducts that may
affect organisms inhabiting these ecosystems. Therefore, the
adsorption technique is widely accepted due to its low cost and
high efficiency of removal of ionic elements found in the water
resources.
Numerous number groups of researchers have studied the
adsorption process and its efficiency in taking off CuSO4 from
water. This study was conducted by Bourkerroui Abdelhamid et
al., using un-treated BN waste. The percentage of copper
removal ranged between 15 to 69% when the dose of the
4. adsorbent per 100 ml was varied from 0.25 to 1g. In a different
study, the maximum percentage of adsorption using H3PO4-
treated rice husk was found to be 88.9%. Some researches in the
past used dried sugar pulp as the adsorbent material in the
removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. Other researchers
tested the efficiency of walnut shells in the removal of copper
ions from aqueous solutions and obtained an efficiency of
79.54%, using 0.5/50ml of the solution.
UV-VIS spectrophotometry enhanced the investigation of the
adsorption ability of copper sulfate (CuSO4:5H2O) using
natural materials (BN). The components altered color as per
their ability to absorb a particular wavelength of light. For
instance, the copper sulfate (CuSO4) compound is blue. Blue
color has lower wavelengths of light, thus absorb better at high
wavelengths, an observation that was made in this research.
Electrons absorb energy as they move around and become
disturbed. The light wavelength and power that the particles can
absorb are determined by the type of atoms and their bonds in a
particular compound. The color tends to become darker as the
concentration of the solutions increases. Concentrated solutions
yield more electrons in the sample, and thus, they absorb more
light with a given wavelength. The relationship between
absorbance and concentration of species is evaluated using a
light wavelength in the visible spectrum where we observe
maximum absorbance. The wavelength is termed as λ max and
varies with the molarity.
Many researchers have investigated the efficiency of natural
waste materials like bentonite clay (BN) to determine their
effectiveness of removing metals and ions from aqueous
solutions. Most of these adsorbent materials are unmodified or
untreated. However, this study was explored the potential of an
acid-modified (NH4CL) bentonite in removing copper sulfate
from aqueous solutions. 3.0 Materials and Methods
3.1 Materials
3.1.1Ultrapure Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water
5. In the course of this study, reverse osmosis waters were utilized
to determine the capacity of adsorption of the activated natural
materials (BN). The values of conductivity of BN waters ranged
between 1.0 and 1.2 S/cm at a temperature of 25°C.
3.2 Chemicals
In the same research, copper sulfate (CuSO4) was utilized to
confirm the potency of adsorption of bentonite, which was
activated using ammonium chloride. The concentration was
varied in steps of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 concentration of BN
to evaluate their efficiency in removing CuSO4 from aqueous
copper solutions. In this section, the natural adsorbents and the
chemicals that were used in the study are listed.
3.2.1 Copper Sulfate (CuSO4:5H2O)
Solution
A 0.5 M stock solution was prepared using copper sulfate
pentahydrate (CuSO4:5H2O), a finding from Fisher Chemical,
NJ, USA. The mixture was made by the addition of 62.42 grams
of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4:5H2O) to RO waters in a
volumetric flask. The 0.5 M solution had an electrical
conductivity of 30.6 mS/ cm, and TDS was observed to be 15.1
ppt at a temperature of 21.8°C.
3.2.1 Ammonium Chloride (NH4CL)
This acid was used to alter the efficiency of adsorption copper
6. sulfate (CuSO4) utilizing natural materials, bentonite clay from
aqueous solutions. The dried BN was mixed with ammonium
chloride acid to activate it in a ratio of 1:1, i.e., NH4CL: BN
water; 1:1, w/w. The fume hood was kept at a temperature of
60°C for 6 days.
3.2.3 Nitric Acid (HNO3)
The plastic materials and glassware used in the experiment were
cleaned using pure, colorless compound nitric acid (HNO3).
Besides, the equipment was first rinsed using a solution of
nitric acid before the test. They were also cleaned regularly in
the course of the experimentation with RO water.4.0 Laboratory
Equipment
4.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific
In this research study, the ultrapure or RO water used in the
experiment was obtained using a Thermo scientific smart2pure
ultrapure water system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA, in the
USA). The system was functioning at temperatures ranging from
2 to 35°C, pressures between 1 and 6 bars, and PH ranging from
4 to 11.
Figure 1: Thermo scientific Barnstead smart2pure ultrapure
water system, Thermo fisher Scientific, CA, USA
7. 4.2 Portable Waterproof Conductivity Meter
The adsorption of the dissolved salts or solids by activated
natural materials (BN) used in the study was tested using a
Fisher Scientific Accumet AP75 Portable Waterproof electrical
conductivity meter (Fisher Scientific, Singapore). The
conductivity meter device is used to measure TDS and
conductivity by submerging a probe into the solution below the
upper brim of the steel band. The solution is then stirred gently
to form a homogeneous sample to allow time for the readings to
alleviate.
Figure 2: Accumet Fisher Scientific AP75 Portable Waterproof
Conductivity Meter. (Fisher Scientific, Singapore)
4.3 Forced Air Oven
The moisture contents of adsorbent materials (BN) activated
was specified using a Forced Air Oven. The adsorbent material
samples were placed in the oven to dry at varying temperatures
and time.
Figure 3: 1370 FM forced air oven, VWR scientific products,
AZ, USA
4.4 Rotary Mixer (Boekel Scientific Hybridization Oven)
This system was generated to give rapid heat-up, efficient
8. mixing, and temperature stability. The samples were placed in
villas at 40 revolutions per minute for 24 hours at a temperature
of 23±2ºC to ensure the samples reached the equilibrium point.
The rotary mixer used in this study is Rotary Mixer (Boekel
scientific Hybridization Oven., PA, USA).
Figure 4: Rotary Mixer (Boekel scientific Hybridization Oven.,
PA, USA)
4.5 UV-VIS, Spectrophotometer
The molar absorption of the samples of copper sulfate (CuSO4)
mixed with natural materials (BN) activated was identified in
this research using spectrophotometry (RED TIDE USB650,
Ocean Optics. FL, USA). This spectrophotometry was
interconnected with a computer in the laboratory to display the
results. Five standard samples of varying concentrations (M) of
copper sulfate were used in the study. The equation for linear
calibration can be used to determine the concentration of
CuSO4 solution, which is unknown in the experiment. This
equation is determined by measuring the efficiency of
adsorption at a certain wavelength (nm).
Figure 5: RED TIDE USB650, OceanOptics. FL, USA
4.6 Fisher Scientific Accumet Meters
9. This equipment was used in measuring the pH of the solutions
of sample water. Figure 6 below shows the Fischer scientific
accumet meters used in this research study is Fisher Scientific
accumet Meters (Fisher Scientific accumet Meters AR15
pH/mV/°C Meter, International Equipment Company. MA,
USA).
Figure 6: Fisher Scientific accumet Meters. FL, USA
4.7 Analytical Balance (Mettler Toledo Laboratory Balance)
The water solutions at required molarity, quantities of activated
materials (BN), and other measurements on quality were
identified using an analytical balance in this study. A Mettler
Toledo Laboratory Balance (MS204S, Mettler Toledo,
Switzerland) was used in this particular study.
Figure 7: Mettler Toledo Laboratory Balance (MS204S, Mettler
Toledo, Switzerland)
4.8 Vulcan Multi-stage Programmable Furnace
As we have seen in the previous section, the samples of
adsorbent materials (BN) were placed in a forced-air oven at
100°C for 24 hours. From here, the samples are placed in a
furnace with temperatures varying between 100 °C and 500 °C.
The used in this study is shown below:
10. Figure 8: Furnace Vulcan 3-550 (Dentsply International Inc.,
PA, USA).5.0 Methods
5.1 Thermal Treatment of Bentonite Impregnated by NH4Cl
(1M)
First, raw bentonite clay (BN) was crushed into small pieces
before sieving it several times over a screen with holes of a
diameter of 50 μm. The residue was labeled as BN. Some of this
untreated BN was saturated with 1M NH4CL at a ratio of 1: 1,
i.e., NH4CL solution: bentonite; 1:11 w/w. This suspension was
suspended overnight at ambient temperatures and stirred
continuously. The solid was then dried without washing in an
oven at a temperature of 60 °C. After drying and crushing the
solid into fine particles, it was placed in porcelain crucibles for
heating in a furnace at temperatures ranging from 100°C to
500°C in periods of 1 hour. The samples of bentonite were
exposed to temperatures of 100; 200; 300; 400; 500°C. After
that, the bentonite was cooled and washed using distilled water
to rid of all chloride ions. These materials were again crushed
and sieved over a screen with 0.05 mm. The samples obtained
after sieving were labeled BA, which was used in the
investigation of the removal ability of Cu2+ using bentonite.
5.2 Removal of Cu2+ by Bentonite
11. A mass of BN or BA m (g) was dispersed in polyethylene
bottles of 250 ml into a solution of copper at a concentration
(C0) 0.1(mg L-1). The pH of these suspensions ranged in the
values of natural suspensions pH of 5.5 and 6. Through
continuous stirring, the suspensions were centrifuged, and Cu2+
concentration at the final concentration (Ce) (mg L 1) was
measured at this point.
5.3 Effects of the Physiochemical Parameters
The optimum conditions of the experiment were specified while
the efficiency of metal removal and treatment of bentonite was
systematic throughout this study as it followed the required
parameter i.e.
· Duration of heating and oven temperatures
· Exposure time for bentonite to Cu2+ solutions
· Clay titration effects, i.e., g bentonite per 100 ml of copper
(II) solution
· Influence of heating on the rate of adsorption of Cu2+6.0
Batch Adsorption Studies
Triplicate flask samples were prepared for a batch experiment.
A mass of dry adsorbent material (BN) activated was added in
vials to get 0.25, 0.5. 0.75,1 Or 15g/l dosages of adsorbents.
The CuSO4 solution at 0.2 M was made in the experiment
through the addition of 7.6 ml of CuSO4 at 0.5 M to these
sample vials. This mixture was thoroughly mixed using a rotary
12. shaker at a temperature of 25ºC for 24 hours to ensure the
samples reach equilibrium points. Once the equilibrium was
reached, the vials a syringe filter was used to separate the solids
from the liquid. About 10 ml of the filtrate from each set up was
used in determining the concentration of CuSO4 using a
spectrophotometer. Through sample analysis, the values
obtained were equated to the initial data. Besides, the
equilibrium adsorption (Qe) for each of the samples was
calculated. 7.0 Chemical Quantification Methods
7.1 UV-VIS Spectrophotometry (RED TIDE USB650, Ocean
Optics. FL, USA)
The ability to naturally activated (BN) to absorb copper ions
from the solution of copper sulfate (CuSO4-5H2O) was studied
using a UV-VIS spectrophotometry. An initial stock solution of
CuSO4 with a concentration of 0.05M was prepared for usage in
the investigation of the absorption ability of the absorbent
samples. The other five additional solutions at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4,
and 0.5 M were prepared by diluting the initial solutions with
distilled water or RO water. For purposes of comparison and
using concentration to determine absorbance, the maximum
wavelength in this study was set at 638 nm.
Assuming that the absorbance and concentration at this
wavelength were directly proportional, then a linear equation
for calibration y = 2.324x + 0.02 was used. The graph can be
13. used to determine the concentration of CuSO4 of each sample
and the efficiency of absorbance of each activated bentonite
(BN). A curve was also obtained for calibration at various time
instances. The results from this experiment are tabulated in
Table 1 below:
Concentration of standard CuSO4 solution (M)
Absorbance at 6.38 nm
0.1
0.245
0.2
0.457
0.3
0.655
0.4
0.859
0.5
1. 052
Table 1: CuSO4 solutions and their respective absorbance at
638nm
A graph of absorbance against the concentration of copper
sulfate is shown in figure 9 below:
Figure 9: Determination of molar absorptivity of CuSO4
From the graph, an equation y = 2.016x + 0.0488 was obtained
that can be used to determine the unknown concentration of
14. copper sulfate solutions.8.0 Conclusion
Heating of raw bentonite (BN) soaked in a concentrated solution
of ammonium chloride in an oven increases the ion exchange
sites in the material, which in turn leads to increases in the
capability of absorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions.
Besides, the heat treatment of some materials increases their
affinity to copper ions. Thus, an equilibrium state between the
clay particles and the copper ions is reached immediately after
contact. Other studies on adsorption isotherms have shown that
the efficiency of removal for copper ions follows two models,
namely: Freundlich and Langmuir, which maintained that the
process of bentonite absorbing copper ions is simply based on
ionic exchanges. When the natural material (BN) activated is
heated, its capacity to remove copper ions is increased, and also
the Kd values are increased. This technique applied in clay
materials could be the solution to the treatment of water often
contaminated by heavy metals such as lead and copper. This
study could lead to essential insights that would help in the
treatment of industrial wastewater before it could be released to
the ecosystem. Based on the effects of exposure to heavy metals
on human beings and other living organisms, a solution should
be sought fast enough to ensure that the water we consume is
free of these toxic elements. Therefore, the discovery of an
economical method of treating effluents would be essential, and
this study can be considered as a step in the right direction.
16. 01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
This is an interactive tool designed to help you apply the
Harvard referencing style
to your writing at Kaplan quickly and simply. It is designed to
help you understand
the conventions and principles of this style and make decisions
about referencing.
Click on the upper left menu to jump to the generic reference
section you are
after, and from there specify the article you would like to
reference.
This guide presents one consistent version for use at Kaplan,
which conforms to the Australian
18. develop your thinking. Referencing is a standard practice used
in academic writing to show your reader which ideas you have
gathered from other sources and where those ideas came from.
Referencing also helps you to avoid plagiarism.
Referencing in your assignment demonstrates:
• Good research conduct by lending credibility to your work;
• Your knowledge;
• The range of ideas and approaches you have found and thought
about;
• That you have acknowledged the sources of those ideas and
where they can found.
Please selection one of the options below to explore further:
1.1 When do I need to reference?
1.2 How do I cite in-text?
21. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
01 Introduction > 1.2 How do I cite in-text?
An in-text reference is provided each time you refer to ideas or
information from another source, and includes the following
details:
• The author(s) family name / authorising body or organisation;
• The year of publication; and
• Page numbers (where applicable).
There are two main ways to present an in-text reference.
OPTION A) This way gives prominence to the information by
placing the reference at the end of your sentence in brackets:
OPTION B) This way gives prominence to the author by placing
the reference in the body of your sentence, with the author’s
23. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
01 Introduction > 1.3 How do we create a reference list?
The reference list provides full bibliographic details for all the
sources referred to in your assignment so that the readers can
easily
locate them.
Whilst difference sources require slightly difference elements to
be included in there references, the main elements include:
• Author(s) surname or authorising body;
• Year of publication;
• Title of source; and
• Publication information.
24. Reference List
Bansolde, S, Carter, CE, Clegg, C & Smit, L 2009, Looking
back, moving forward in the digital age,
Routledge, New York
Gaur, R 2003, ‘Model framework for reengineering of
management libraries’, University News, viewed
5 December 2016,
<http://wwww.universitylibraryresouces/page-8)>
Lally, LA 2001, ‘From library stacks to library-in-a-pocket’,
Journal of Information Technology, vol. 12,
pp. 15-32
Single spaced with one line
space between references
Alphabetically by author(s) surname / authorising
body and publications chronologically.
26. reference:
7
2.1 One Author 2.9 Edit or Compiled Book
2.2 Two or Three Authors 2.10 Chapter within an Edited Book
2.3 More than Three Authors 2.11 Online or Electronic Book
2.4 No Author 2.12 Government Reports
2.5 Organisation as Author 2.13 Australian Bureau of Statistics
(ABS) Publications
2.6 Book (no date) 2.14 Legal Publications (Cases)
2.7 Different Editions 2.15 Legislation: Acts, Bills and
Regulations
2.8 Translation form the Original 2.16 Dictionary or
Encyclopaedia
Books, Chapters and Publications
28. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
In-text Citation Example Reference List Example
Smith, NC 2005, Marketing plans: how to prepare them, how to
use
them, 6th edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Smith (2005, p.45) argues that…
OR
It is suggested that…..(Smith 2005, p. 45)
OR
Smith (2005, p. 45) referred to this correlation
as ‘a statistical anomaly’.
29. Explanation
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
If you directly quote fewer than 30 words, enclose
the quotation by single quotation marks within the
text. If the quotation is greater than 30 words, it
should be displayed in an indented block without
quotation marks.
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
31. 05 Other Sources
A recent study (Koller & Wessels 2010, p. 191)
makes a case….
OR
Koller, Goedhart and McDonald (2010, p. 191)
suggested that…..
Koller, T, & Wessel, D 2010, Valuation: measuring and
managing the
value of companies, 5th edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
OR
Koller, T, Goedhart, M & McDonald, M 2010, Reporting in a
multimedia
world, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
32. document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
List all authors’ family names followed by their initials. The
34. 01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.3 More than Three
Authors
Davis et al. (2003, p 10) found that ….
OR
This has indicated ….. (Davis et al., 2003, p. 10).
Davis, M Charles, L Curry, M.J & Hewings, A 2003, Writing
academic
English, 4th edn, Pearson Longman, White Plains, NY.
35. OR
Alysen, B Patching, R. & Sedorkin, G 2012, Comprehensive
systematic
review, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year
of publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts
on one page and ends on another.
Where there are three or more authors, list
the first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et
al.’
List all authors’ family names followed by their initials. The
37. 02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.4 No Author
Guide to Agricultural business practices (1981,
p. 8) provides….
OR
This can be shown by …. (Australia Business
Review, 2003, p. 10)
Guide to agricultural business practices, 1981, 2nd edn,
Secretariat of
the World Agricultural Trade Organisation, Geneva
38. OR
Australian business review, 2003, Entrepreneurial and Start-up
Affairs
Australia, NSW.
If there is no author, use the title of the work (in
italics) followed by the year.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts
on one page and ends on another.
The key elements for this reference are:
• Book title (in italics)
• Year of publication
• Edition
• Publisher
40. Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.5 Organisation or
Corporate Body as Author
According to the Institute of Chartered Accountants
in Australia (2017) figures for 2016….
OR
This can be seen …. (Institute of Chartered
Accountants, 2017)…
OR
According to the ABS Labour Force findings (2015,
p.6) …
Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia 2017, AABS
standard for
2018: equivalents to IFRS as at August 2016, Person Education,
Sydney Australia
41. OR
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2015, Labour Force in
Australia
2014-2015, Jossey-Bass, NSW
Insert the full-name of the organisation or
corporate body as the author of the works. You
can abbreviated long names after providing in
full on the first occurrence
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts
on one page and ends on another.
The key elements for this reference are:
• Book title (in italics)
• Year of publication
43. 04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.6 Book (no date)
This is emphasized by Seah (n.d.) when …
OR
Supported by Newton (c. 1998) theory….
Seah, R n.d., Micro-computer applications, Microsoft Press,
Redmond,
Washington.
OR
Newton, I c.1998, Recollections of great leaders, Smith &
Walford,
London.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
44. document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
If you have no date for a reference, use ‘n.d.’ (for
‘no date’) instead of the year.
If you only have an approximate date, put ‘c.’ (for
‘cira’, meaning around) in front of the year.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Replace the date with n.d. or c. (and then date)
• Book title (in italics)
46. 05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.7 Different Editions
Bordwell and Thompson (2009, p.33) explains….
OR
…. influenced his work (Pearce, 2015).
Bordwell, D & Thompson, K 2009, Electronic commerce: law
and
practice, 9th edn, Sweet & Maxwell, London.
OR
Pearce, B 2015, Master of stillness: Jeffrey Smart, rev. edn,
Wakefield
Press, Mile End, South Australia.
You don’t need to mention the edition for a first edition.
47. The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Book title (in italics)
• Edition (*)
• Publisher
• Place of publication
* Edition should be abbreviated to ‘edn’.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
49. 02
01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.8 Translation from the
Original
Kristeva (1995) has achieved great currency since
its translation.
OR
….is argued as the reason for this tension (Tolstoy
50. 1905, p. 70).
Kristeva, J 1995, New maladies of the soul, trans. R Guberman,
Columbia University Press, New York.
OR
Tolstoy, L 1905, Miscellaneous letters and essays, trans. L.
Wiener,
J.M Dent & Co., London.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
translation (not the original), and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
The key elements for this book reference are:
51. • Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Book title (in italics)
• Translator (*)
• Edition
• Publisher
• Place of publication
* The translator’s name should be initial first, followed by the
surname. Translator should be abbreviated to ‘trans.’.
15
Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
53. OR
Kronenberg, Pollard and Sakellarious (eds 2011)
are interested in providing ….
Hornberger, NH (ed.) 2003, Continua of biliteracy: an
ecological
framework for educational policy, research and practice in
multilingual
settings, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon, UK.
OR
Hamilton, P (ed.) 2005, Visual research methods, vol. 4, Sage,
London.
OR
Kronenberg, F, Pollard, N & Sakellariou, D (eds) 2011,
Occupational
54. health and safety, vol. 2, Churchill Livington, Edinburgh.
When the editor(s) name is included within your
sentence (not in brackets) place ‘ed.’ for one
editor or ‘eds’ for more than one editor, in the
brackets following their name. Use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the editor(s) name is in brackets, put ‘ed.’
for one editor, or ‘eds’ for more than one editor,
before their name and use the ‘&’ symbol.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
56. 02
01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.10 Chapter with an Edited
Book
Abbot (2010, p. 32) believes the horror
blockbuster…..
OR
…influential theory (Naremore 2001, p.11).
57. Abbott, S 2010, ‘High concept thrills and chills: the horror
blockbuster’,
in I Conrich (ed. ), Horror zone: the cultural experience of
contemporary
horror cinema, I.B. Tauris, London, pp. 27-44.
OR
Naremore, J 2004, ‘Authorship’, in T Miller & R Stam (eds),
Using
learning contracts, Blackwell Publishing, San Francisco, pp. 68-
90.
Use this format where each chapter of the books
has its own author and its own title. For example,
use the chapter author in your in-text reference.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
58. Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
Within the reference list the editor comes after the chapter title
and is
preceded by ‘in’. Note the exception to the order of initials for
editors –
for chapters put the editor’s initial(s) before the family name.
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author(s) of the chapter
• Year of publication
• Chapter title (‘in single quotes’)
• Editor(s) of the book (Use ‘ed.’ for one editor, ‘eds’ for more
than one editor)
60. 02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.11 Online or Electronic
Book
Storey (2004, p.80) states that …..
OR
Functional metabolism is… (Kim 2000, p. 60)
Storey, K 2004, Functional metabolism: regulation and
adaption, John
Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New York, viewed 4th April 2016,
NetLibrary
database.
61. OR
Kim, A 2000, Community building on the web, Safari Books
Online,
Boston, viewed 1st June 2017,
<http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/020187479>.
If an online books has the same structure and page numbering as
the
equivalent print version, reference it as the print version.
Otherwise,
use the online book format above.
The publisher and place of publication now refer to the
producer or
host of the online version, and the city where they are based.
You must
also include the date you viewed the book online, followed by
62. the full
URL within angle brackets (‘<‘, ‘>’).
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Book title (in italics)
• Producer or host of publication
• Place of hosting publication
• Date in which you viewed the source
• URL or location of material (‘<‘, ‘>’).
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
63. Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
When multiple authors’ names are included
within your sentence (not in brackets) use the full
spelling of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in
the reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
18
Reference List Example
Explanation
65. The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity
Commission (HREOC) (1997, p. 18)
recommended….
Bradley, D, Noonan, P, Nugent, H & Scales, B 2008, Review of
Australian higher education, Australian Government, Canberra.
OR
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC)
1997,
Bringing them home: report of the national inquiry into the
separation of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders children from their
families,
HREOC, Canberra.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
66. document, use the author’s surname or authoring
body, year of publication and page number.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling of
‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
If your are citing an authorising body which has an
abbreviation frequently within your text, introduce the
organization name in abbreviated form in brackets
after the first citation. Thereafter, use only the
abbreviation for subsequent citation (e.g. HREOC – as
67. used in the above example).
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
Key elements of the reference should include:
• Author’s family name followed by initials, or authorising
body followed by abbreviation in brackets
• Year of publication
• Title of the report (in italics)
• Publisher
• Place of publication.
19
Reference List Example
Explanation
69. OR
…concerning figures (ABS, 2010).
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2010, Measures of
Australia’s
progress 2010, cat. No. 1370, ABS, Canberra.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the authoring body, year of
publication and page number (if applicable).
If your are citing an authorising body which has an
abbreviation frequently within your text, introduce
the organization name in abbreviated form in
brackets after the first citation. Thereafter, use only
the abbreviation for subsequent citation (e.g. ABS –
70. as used in the above example).
Key elements of the reference should include:
• Authorising body followed by abbreviation in brackets
• Year of publication
• Title of the report (in italics)
• Publications number
• Publisher
• Place of publication.
20
Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
72. • Case name in full (in italics)
• Year of the judgement
• Volume no.
• Abbreviated name of the law reports series
• First page number.
The references should maintain this format regardless of where
the
material was sourced. No not include URL’s for cases found
online.
When you cite a legal case reference in the text of
your document, you must include:
• Case name in full (in italics)
• Year of the judgement
74. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.15 Legislation: Acts, Bills
and Regulations
…inconsistent legislation was overridden (Racial
Discrimination Act 1975).
OR
As mentioned in the Crimes Act 1900, ss. 41A, it….
OR
The Health Legislation Amendment (Medicare and
Private Health Insurance) Bill 2013 (Cwlth) was
presented for debate by…
75. Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cwlth).
OR
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW)
OR
Health Legislation Amendment (Medicare and Private Health
Insurance)
Bill 2003 (Cwlth).
Key elements of the reference should include:
• Name of the Act (in italics), or the Name of the Bill (without
italics)
• Year (in italics) unless it’s a Bill
• Jurisdiction
In Australia, this should be one of the:
76. • Cwlth for the Commonwealth of Australia,
• NSW, Vic, Qld, WA, SA, Tas, ACT or NT for one of
relevant states/territories.
The references should maintain this format regardless of where
the
material was sourced. No not include URL’s for cases found
online.
When citing an Act within the text of your
document, include the name of the Act in italics
and the year.
You can specify particular sections of an Act by
using ‘s.’ for one section or ‘ss.’ for several
sections.
78. Books, Chapters and Publications > 1.16 Dictionary or
Encyclopaedia
Blackburn (2005, p. 66) describes…
OR
….idiosyncratic filmmaker (Hutchinson encyclopaedia
2007, p. 233).
Blackburn, S 2005, The Oxford dictionary of philosophy, 2nd
edn,
Oxford University Press, Oxford
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authorising
body, the year of publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
79. one page and ends on another.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials, or authorising
body
• Year of publication
• Book title (in italics)
81. 01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Journals and Newspapers
Please click on what type of material you would like to
reference:
3.1 Journal Article (One Author) 3.5 Newspaper & Magazine
Article
3.2 Journal Article (More than One Author) 3.6 Newspaper &
Magazine Articles (No Author)
3.3 Journal Article (No Author) 3.7 Online Newspaper or
Magazine Article
83. 01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Journals and Newspapers > 3.1 Journal Article (One Author)
O’hara (2009, p. 40) supports…
OR
…literature search prevailed (O’hara 2009, p. 33).
O’Hara, MJ 2009, ‘Arrogance in business planning’,
Communications of
the ACM, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 30-45.
The key elements for this book reference are:
84. • Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Journal name (in italics)
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page numbers (using ‘pp.’)
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
If you directly quote fewer than 30 words, enclose
the quotation by single quotation marks within the
86. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Journals and Newspapers > 3.2 Journal Article (More than one
Author)
Wolff and Perry (2010, p. 296) notes…..
OR
….marked trends (Wolff & Perry 2010, p. 296).
OR
As suggested by Henkin et al. (2006, p.14)…
Wolff, H & Perry, L 2010, ‘Trends in clean management
principles’,
Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, vol. 4, no. 2,
pp. 293-
87. 308.
OR
Henkin, RE, Vova, D, Dillehay, GL & Zimmer, MZ 2006, ‘Two
and half
cheers for conscious capitalism’, California Management
Review, vol.
53, no. 3, pp. 60-76.
List all authors’ family names followed by their initials. The
remaining part of the reference should include:
• Year of publication
• Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Journal name (in italics)
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page numbers (using ‘pp.’)
88. When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
26
Reference List Example
90. ‘Role play in education’ 2007, Creative Education, vol. 6, no. 6,
p. 61.
With anonymous works, the title (in single quotes)
replaces the author as the main entry.
You still include the year of publication and page
numbers.
The key elements for this book reference are:
• Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Year of publication
• Journal name (in italics)
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page numbers (using ‘pp.’)
27
92. OR
…inherently flawed (Werstine 1999, p. 311).
Boon, KA 2011, ‘Ethics and capitalism’, Business Review
Quarterly, vol.
39, no. 3, pp. 174-189.
OR
Werstine, P 1999, ‘A century of bad’, Business Review
Quarterly, vol. 50,
no. 3, pp.310-333, viewed 11 November 2016,
<http://journal.aall.org.au/index/php/article12535>
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
93. When multiple authors’ names are included
within your sentence (not in brackets) use the full
spelling of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in
the reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
If the journal article has been accessed via the library databases
or is
a scanned PDF version of a print article found online, reference
the
source using the:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
94. • Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Journal name (in italics)
• Volume and issue numbers
• Page numbers (using ‘pp.’)
When an article is accessed directly from an external website,
include
the date you viewed the article online, followed by the full URL
within
angle brackets (‘<‘, ‘>’).
28
Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
96. Westwood, M 2012, ‘Welcome into an exclusive fold’,
Australian, 4
September, p 15.
OR
McEachen, B 2011, ‘Dante on Dante’, Empire, no. 127, pp. 82-
86.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
publication and page numbers.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
97. Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
Publication information will vary between magazines and
newspapers,
as some will have volume and/or issue numbers, whilst others
show
the month or date of publication.
The key principles for referencing are:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Publication name (in italics)
• Volume and issue numbers (if applicable)
99. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Journals and Newspapers > 3.6 Newspaper and Magazine
Articles (No Author)
The Economist (2012, p. 86) highlights….
OR
…. big change (Australian Financial Review
2012, p. 46).
The Economist 2012, ‘Reforming LIBOR: the $300 trillion
question’, vol. 404,
no.8804, p. 86.
OR
Australia Financial Review 2012, ‘US comes to a turning point’,
100. 22 October,
p. 46.
Where there is no author, cite the title as the
author. Remember to include the year of
publication and page numbers.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full
spelling of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
Publication information will vary between magazines and
101. newspapers,
as some will have volume and/or issue numbers, whilst others
show
the month or date of publication.
The key principles for referencing are:
• Title of article (‘in single quotes’)
• Year of publication
• Volume and issue numbers (if applicable)
• Page numbers (using ‘p.’ or ‘pp.’)
Omit initial ‘The’ in English language newspapers titles (e.g.
The
Australian becomes ‘Australian’.
30
Reference List Example
103. OR
…. Found it lacking (Williams 2012)
Day, K 2012, ‘Can social media predict the US election?’,
Telegraph, 5
November, viewed 7 November 2012,
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-electrion>.
OR
Williams, MA 2012, ‘Romney’s concession speech was not
gracious’,
Salon, 7 November, viewed 10 November 2012,
<http://salon.com/2012/11/07/romneys_concession>.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname and the year
104. of publication.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Title of the article (‘in single quotes’)
• Publication name (in italics)
106. 03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Journals and Newspapers > 3.8 Proceedings of Meetings and
Conference Papers
Johnson (2009, p. 143) identifies …..
OR
…praised his confidence (Johnson 2009, p. 8).
Johnson, L 2009, Proceedings of the tenth annual meeting of the
Berkeley Linguistic Society, February 12-15 2009. Berkeley
Linguistic
Soc., Berkeley
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, the year of
107. publication and page number.
When multiple authors’ names are included
within your sentence (not in brackets) use the full
spelling of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the
first author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Title of the meeting / conference (in italics)
109. 05 Other Sources
Department of Climate Change 2016, Adapting to climate
change, Australian Government, viewed 6 November
2016,
<http://www.climatechange.gov.au/publications/article12>.
Websites and Online Media 04
Author’s family name followed by
initial(s); or authorising body.
Please click on what type of material you would like to
reference:
4.1 Websites 4.4 Streamed Video (incl.YouTube)
4.2 Blogs 4.5 Online Dictionary or Encyclopedia
4.3 Podcast
Publisher of the websiteYear of publication Title of webpage or
111. OR
…main role (Department of Immigration and
Citizenship 2012).
Department of Immigration and Citizenship 2012, Permanent
visa
options for doctors, Australian Government, viewed 20
December 2016
<http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/medical-
practioners/permanent-
visas.htm>
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authoring
body and year the site was last updated.
If no author or authoring body is identifiable, replace
112. with webpage title.
If the year is not found, replace with ‘n.d’.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• The person or organisation who wrote or created the
webpage (if known)
• The year the webpage was created or last updated. If the
113. year is not found, use ‘n.d.’
• The title of webpage (in italics)
• The organisation responsible for publishing the website. If
this is the same as the author, it can be left out.
• The day, month and year you last accessed the website.
• The full URL (in angled brackets ‘<,>’)
The year and information about the website host can often be
found at
the bottom of the webpage.
34
Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
115. Obama, B 2009, ‘Launched American Graduation Imitative to
help
additional 5 million American graduate college’, Barack Obama
blog,
viewed 10 April 2010,
<http:/.blogs.abc.net.au/BarackObama/26121>
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authoring
body and year the site was last updated.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
117. Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
04
01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Websites and Online Media > 3.3 Podcasts
McWeeny and Weinber (2010) claims that…
118. OR
…identified as his strongest works (McWeeny &
Weinberg 2010)
McWeeny, D & Weinberg, S 2010, John Carpenters special on
motion
captured movies, audio podcast, Future Tense Radio National,
viewed
18 November 2011,
<http://www.abc.net.au/rn/futuretense/stories>.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authoring
body and year the podcast was last updated.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
119. of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• The person or organisation who created the podcast
• The year the podcast was uploaded
• The podcast title (in italics)
• The organisation or provider of the podcast,
• The day, month and year you last accessed the
website.
• The full URL (in angled brackets ‘<,>’)
121. Websites and Online Media > 4.4 Streamed Video (incl.
YouTube)
A short video by the University of Mississippi
Libraries (2015) explains….
OR
….. Is discourages (University of Mississippi
Libraries 2015).
University of Mississippi Libraries 2015, Plagiarism tutorial,
video,
YouTube, 20 August, viewed 19 January 2017,
<https://www.youtbue.com/watch?v=JHO-45454>.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authoring
body and year the video was last updated.
122. When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling
of ‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• The person or organisation who created the video
• The year the video was uploaded
• The video title (in italics)
• The organisation or provider of the video,
124. 02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Websites and Online Media > 4.5 Online Dictionary or
Encyclopaedia
The key elements of the reference should include the:
• Authors family name followed by initials, or authorising
body
• Year of publications
• Title of electronic resource (in italics)
• Publisher / provider
• Place of publication / authority
125. • The day, month and year you last accessed the
website.
• The full URL (in angled brackets ‘<,>’)
Blackburn (2005, p. 66) describes…
OR
….idiosyncratic filmmaker (Hutchinson encyclopaedia
2007, p. 233).
Blackburn, S 2005, Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy,
Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, viewed 19 May 2017,
<http//plato.standford.edu/archives/fall2011/entries>.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authorising
127. Reference List Example
Explanation
In-text Citation Example
04
01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Other Sources
5.1 Pamphlet or Brochure
5.2 Kaplan Lesson Notes or Recordings
129. Other Sources > 5.1 Pamphlet or Brochure
Beyondblue (2010) suggests…..
OR
…exercise caution (State Crime Prevention
Branch 2009)
Beyondblue 2010, Sleeping well, Beyondblue, Hawthorn West,
Victoria
OR
State Crime Prevention Brach 2009, Personal safety, South
Australia
Police, Government of South Australia, Adelaide
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the authoring body and year of
131. 01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Other Sources > 5.2 Kaplan Lesson Notes or Recordings
Ramsey (2016) claims that…. Ramsey, P 2016, Business
Communications BUS101, lesson notes,
Kaplan Business School, viewed 4 January 2017,
<https://elearning.kbs.edu.au/cource/BUS101/lesson-2>.
OR
Ramsey, P 2016, Financial Accounting ACC201, lesson
132. recordings 20
June 2016, Kaplan Professional, viewed 4 October 2016,
<https://elearning,kp.edu.au/course/ACC201/lesson-5>.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname, year of
publication and page number if relevant.
Note: the author is the person who gave the lesson or
produced the lesson notes for you.
When multiple authors’ names are included within
your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling of
‘and’.
When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the
reference list, use ‘&’.
133. Where there are three or more authors, list the first
author and abbreviate the rest with ‘et al.’
Key elements of the reference should include:
• Author’s family name followed by initials
• Year of publication
• Title of the lesson or recording (in italics)
• Publisher (relevant Kaplan institution)
• The day, month and year you last accessed the
website.
• The full URL (in angled brackets ‘<,>’)
41
Reference List Example
135. region’,
Innovations in Environment Protection, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 363-
376.
When citing an image, diagram, graph or table obtained from
another source, use the appropriate referencing format specific
to
type of sources use. For example, if the image was taken from a
print book, refer to section 1 of this document, whereas, if it
came
from a website, refer to section 3.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the author’s surname or authorising
body, the year of publication and page numbers.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
137. 05
01 Introduction
02 Books, Chapters and Publications
03 Journals and Newspapers
04 Websites and Online Media
05 Other Sources
Other Sources > 5.4 Maps
According to the map of the region (Department
of Employment, Economic Development and
Innovations Queensland 2010) there are….
Department of Employment, Economic Development and
Innovations
138. Queensland 2010, Queensland’s mineral, petroleum and energy
operations and resources, Department of Mines and energy
Queensland, Brisbane.
When you cite a reference in the text of your
document, use the authorising body and year of
publication. Provide page numbers if applicable.
Use p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on
one page and ends on another.
If your are citing an authorising body which has an
abbreviation frequently within your text, introduce the
organization name in abbreviated form in brackets
after the first citation. Thereafter, use only the
139. abbreviation for subsequent citation (e.g. DEEDI –
Department of Employment, Economics
Development and Innovations)
The key elements for this reference includes:
• Authorising body
• Year of publication
• Title of document (in italics)
• Publisher
• Place of publication
If the map is derived from an Atlas, cite the Atlas in standard
book
form (section 1).
43
141. for Sustainable Change
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or on behalf of
Kaplan Business School pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright
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The material in this communication may be subject to copyright
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further reproduction or communication of this material by you
may be the subject of
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Do not remove this notice.
142. 2
Last Week’s Recap
• We learnt that the many forces of globalisation have
accelerated the pace of change.
• It is creating a new identity of people known as global
citizens who, in embracing a global mindset, are concerned
with important issues pertaining to human wellbeing and the
sustainability of the planet.
• With deep learning we can enhance our collective
awareness to raise consciousness about the transformations
taking place.
• Emotional and cultural intelligence are important skills to
reflect on the possibilities and dangers in this age of
acceleration.
143. Many Perspectives on Global
Citizenship…
“The world is my country, all mankind are my brethren, and to
do
good is my religion.”
Thomas Paine, American Revolutionary, (AD1776)
“I am not a citizen of the world. I think the entire concept is
intellectual nonsense and stunningly dangerous!”
Newt Gingrich, American Politician (AD2009)
“We will no longer surrender this country or its people to the
false song of globalism.”
Donald Trump, President of the United States (AD2016)
“We are obliged to know we are global citizens. Disasters
remind us we are world citizens, whether we like it or not.”
Maya Angelou, American Poet and Civil Rights Activist
“I am a citizen of the
144. world.”
Diogenes, Greek Philosopher (412 BC)
Workshop Objectives
• What is self-awareness?
• How can you become more self-aware?
• Understanding:
– Positive and negative affect
– Emotional labour
– Intrinsic motivation
• Strengths and weaknesses
• The Johari Window
145. Self-Awareness
• The ancient dictum “Know thyself” has
been attributed to great Western thinkers –
Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato etc.
Eastern Wisdom…
“The purpose of life is …to
know oneself. We cannot do so
unless we learn to identify
ourselves with all that lives.”
Mohandas K Gandhi
Self-Awareness
• Self-awareness is one of the key attributes that
146. distinguishes human beings from animals.
• Being self-aware is about having a clear understanding of
“how others perceive you, evaluating yourself and your
actions according to collective beliefs and values, and
caring about how others evaluate you.” (Baumeister 2005)
• It therefore comprises two components: (Taylor 2010)
– How you see yourself
– The accuracy with which you detect how others see you
Activity
• Write down three words that you would use to describe
yourself.
Use positive words only.
• Now form groups of three, four or five people.
• On a sheet of paper, write down one word that you feel best
describes each person in your group. Use positive words only.
147. • Share the words that you wrote down about each other.
• Were the words that your colleagues wrote about you similar
to the
words you wrote about yourself?
• If so, that’s one sign of self-awareness.
Self-Awareness
• Self-awareness “reflects the importance of
recognising one’s own feelings and how they
affect one’s performance.”
• It is key to “realising one’s own strengths
and weaknesses.”
• We will now explore each of those
components in more detail.
Cherniss and Goleman, 2001
148. Your own Feelings
• That sounds like a wishy-washy, touchy-feely concept, doesn’t
it?
• Well, it isn’t. Research has proven that being aware of your
own
feelings often results in significant work-related outcomes
(Brief and
Weiss 2002), such as:
– Stronger performance
– Better judgements
– Creative problem solving
– Successful negotiations
• The question, though, is how?
• Activity: Each group will be allocated one of the outcomes
noted
149. above. In your group, identify at least five ways that self-
awareness
of your feelings could generate those results at work.
More on Feelings
• There are several feelings-related
concepts of which you need to be aware.
These include:
– Positive affect and negative affect
– Emotional labour
– Intrinsic motivation
• We will now explore each of these in turn.
Positive Affect
• Does success lead to happiness? Or does happiness lead to
150. success?
• Many scholars suggest the answer is the latter via a
psychological
trait known as ‘positive affect’.
• Hold on, was that a typo? Should it be ‘effect’ rather than
‘affect’?
• No! Positive affect – with an a – is the term used to describe
ongoing enjoyment, contentment, interest and satisfaction.
• It reflects “the extent to which a person feels enthusiastic,
active,
and alert. High PA is a state of high energy, full concentration,
and
pleasurable engagement”.
Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988
Negative Affect
• In contrast, negative affect is “a general dimension of
151. subjective distress and unpleasurable engagement.”
• This includes “a variety of aversive mood states,
including anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and
nervousness.”
• With such stark differences between positive affect
and negative affect, you can probably see why
voluminous amounts of research have discovered that
positive affect results in numerous work-related
advantages, such as those listed on an earlier slide.
Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988
Affect: an Activity
• So, let’s explore this further.
• Are you more inclined towards positive affect? Or
do you lean more towards negative affect?
• The most widely used measure of PA and NA is
known as The PANAS.
152. • Follow the instructions on the next slide to see
which of the two characterises you the most.
Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988
The PANAS
Watson, Clark and Tellegen, 1988
For each of the following characteristics, rate yourself
accordingly based on how you feel
overall when you’re at work. This is completely confidential.
No one will see your
answers.
Positive and Negative Affect
• So, does this mean that positive affect is always good and
153. negative
affect is always bad?
• No, sometimes there are downsides to positive affect and
upsides to
negative effect. For example, research has shown (Forgas 2011)
that
negative affect can result in:
✓ More articulate communication
✓ Fewer errors
✓ Better decision-making
✓ Less gullibility
✓ Clearer thinking
Activity: Why is that? In groups discuss how it’s possible for
negative
154. affect to occasionally be positive.
Positive and Negative Affect
• The lesson to take away from this is simply to be self-aware.
• If you’re aware that you’re a positive affect type of person,
just be
conscious that there’s a risk you may be prone to over-
optimism,
otherwise known as a rose-tinted view of life, which means you
may
overlook critical signs of trouble on the horizon.
• Likewise, if you’re aware you’re a negative affect type of
person, just
know there’ll be times when you’ll have to force yourself into
positivity
155. for the sake of your colleagues, employees, managers and
customers.
• The more self-aware you are, the more easily you’ll adapt to
the
myriad situations that the modern workplace generates.
Emotional Labour
• Emotional labour is the term used to describe the management
of your
emotions for the purposes of work.
• For example, you might be feeling lethargic and sad.
Emotional labour
is when, despite your own emotions, you nonetheless try to
instill a
sense of happiness or calmness in other stakeholders. These
156. stakeholders will most often be customers or employees.
• As a result, you’re likely to engage in something known as
emotional
acting. There are two types of emotional acting:
➢ Surface acting
➢ Deep acting
Hochschild, 1983
Surface Acting
Grandey, 2003
• Surface acting is when you mask your emotions.
• It involves modifying your external displays of
communication (such as facial expressions and body
language) without also modifying your inner feelings.
157. • “Doing this entails experiencing emotional dissonance,
or the tension felt when expressions and feelings
diverge.”
• Research has shown this can result in emotional
exhaustion, burnout, depression, negative reactions
from others, and perceptions of inauthenticity.
Deep Acting
Grandey, 2003
• Deep acting is when you modify your internal
feelings to match your external disposition.
• This results in greater levels of authenticity.
• Deep acting has “the power to convince an
audience” (i.e. your customers, employees and
other stakeholders).
• Even though it takes effort to engage in deep
acting, it does not lead to emotional exhaustion or
158. emotional dissonance.
Activity: Deep Acting
• In this subject, and many others, you will be required
to complete group assignments.
• This will involve emotional labour, which means you’ll
have a choice to either engage in surface acting or
deep acting.
• To prepare you for this inevitability, in your groups
answer the following questions:
– What emotional labour are you likely to encounter?
– When are you most likely to experience it?
– And most importantly: How will you use deep acting to
deal with these emotional demands?
159. Self-Determination Theory
• “Perhaps no single phenomenon reflects the positive
potential of human nature as much as intrinsic
motivation.”
• That quotation is by Professors Richard Ryan and
Edward Deci (2000), the pioneers of self-determination
theory (SDT).
• SDT comprises intrinsic motivation and extrinsic
motivation. But what’s the difference?
Activity: In your groups, come up with a list of intrinsic
motivators and extrinsic motivators.
Intrinsic Motivation
• For the purpose of this workshop, we will
focus briefly only on intrinsic motivation.
• Why is that? Because it can be difficult for
160. you to control extrinsic motivation, since
those are tangible rewards often gifted to
you by an employer.
• Intrinsic motivation, though, can be far
more heavily influenced by you.
The Seven Intrinsic Motivators
Malone and Lepper, 1987
Intrinsic
Motivation
Challenge
Curiosity
Cooperation
161. CompetitionControl
Fantasy
Recognition
Intrinsic Motivation: an Activity
• The seven intrinsic motivators on the earlier slide were
developed specifically to make learning and development
more stimulating.
• However, they can easily apply to daily intrinsic motivation
on
the job.
• Of those seven, identify the one that you feel motivates you
the most.
• Then form groups based on the motivator that unites you.
• Answer this question: When you’re feeling unmotivated at
162. work, how could you use your preferred motivator to lift your
levels of motivation – and positive affect – once again?
Strengths and Weaknesses
• “Our world seems naturally predisposed to tell us in which
areas we
are weak.”
• That is why the strengths movement has become a revolution
over
the past decade-and-a-half.
• More and more research is discovering that people are happier
and
more successful when they try to amplify their strengths than
when
they try to improve their weaknesses.
• Adopting the strengths-based approach involves three stages:
1. Identification: What precisely are you good at?
163. 2. Integration: What are you now thinking about and reflecting
on?
3. Changed Behaviour: How are you now using your identified
skills,
and incorporating your talents, for greater success?
Clifton and Harter, 2003
Weaknesses
• Does this mean you should ignore your weaknesses?
• No. It’s important to be aware of them. (There’s that word –
awareness – again.)
• By being aware of your weaknesses, you’re able to improve
them if you have the capacity to do so, so long as you don’t
do it at the expense of your strengths.
• Some weaknesses, though, may never be rectified.
Therefore, by being aware of what they are, you’ll know when
to at least just keep them in check.
164. • This is precisely where the Johari Window can help.
The Johari Window
• The Johari Window is an information
processing tool.
• It “represents information – feelings,
experience, views, knowledge, attitudes,
skills, intentions, motivation, etc. within or
about a person – in relation to their group,
from four perspectives.”
Luft and Ingham, 1961
165. The Johari Window
Luft and Ingham, 1961
Your Task for Next Week
• Complete the Johari Window on yourself
by asking people you know for their
feedback.
• Your aim should be to identify one strength
and one weakness for each quadrant.
• We’ll debrief at the beginning of our next
workshop.
MBA502
Emotional Intelligence,
166. Cultural Intelligence and
Diversity
Workshop Week 1
Globalisation and You
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The material in this communication may be subject to copyright
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167. further reproduction or communication of this material by you
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2
Ice-breaker Activity
Workshop Objectives
• Describe what is meant by the term globalisation
• Understand the opportunities and threats
globalisation presents to people and the planet
• Understand the implications of globalisation for
today’s workforce
168. • Broaden and deepen our collective understanding
of global citizenship
• Understand the link between globalisation,
emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence
What is Globalisation?
• Globalisation is the process whereby worldwide
interconnections in every sphere of activity are growing.
• It is not caused by a single force, but the dynamic
interconnectedness that results from the shifts that are taking
place across a range of contexts, including:
– technological,
– political,
– economic and
– cultural spheres.
169. Thomas & Lazarova, 2014
Global Interconnection
Source: Adapted from
Parker(2005,p.37)
This diagram may look like a complicated mess. But once you
analyse it a little
more deeply, you will see it actually makes sense.
In groups, discuss what you think this diagram represents, and
then
compare your group’s answer to the rest of the class.
Global Technology
• Pervasive and unrelenting pace of ICT (Information &
Communication technologies).
170. • Access to information, resources, products and markets
are all affected by improved technology.
• ICT reduces cost of communication, leading to more
global goods, services and capital markets.
• This increases competition and even small firms can
compete globally.
• No longer constrained by physical location/space.
• Teams of individuals can be assembled to work virtually
throughout the world.
• Work-role of employees in all organisations has adapted
to reflect these technological changes.
Global Economics
• Worldwide capital markets that were previously closely
aligned with nations allow both large and small firms to
participate in the global economy (a flat world?).
171. • Established economies (US, Europe) expected to remain the
main source of FDI, whereas developing and transitioning
economies are expected to absorb and generate increasing
shares of global FDI - e.g. China, India, Russia, etc.
• Ease of movement of labour has increased cultural diversity.
• Nation states that receive migrants become more multiethnic
and multicultural, and consequently face the increased
challenge of integrating migrants and maintaining their own
national and cultural identity.
Global Political & Legal
Environments
• Although economic globalisation underscored
by market-based economic structures
assumes that free markets can help achieve
the balance between individual and national
interests, in reality the world is still organised
around nation-states that operate with
172. different political structures, different laws,
rules, and regulations ranging from pure
democracy (e.g. Norway) to totalitarianism
(e.g. North Korea).
• After four decades of Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall in
1989 marked the beginning of the democratisation process in
many former secular totalitarian countries, such as Central &
Eastern Europe, China, and Russia.
• Technology played a significant role in some Middle Eastern
countries where protesters used social media to plan their
protest and mobilise support.
• Activity: In groups, please answer the following question:
“So what?”
• In other words, what does the democratisation process and
technology have to do with emotional intelligence and cultural
intelligence in the modern workplace?
Shifts in the Political Landscape
173. Globalisation of Culture
• Culture is a fundamental element, although largely
invisible.
• It represents shared meaning which affects how
individuals and organisations shape their goals,
the way they operate and the reasons behind
workplace policies, member behaviour, etc.
• There is still ongoing debate about whether
globalising forces encourage convergence or
divergence of culture.
Convergence and Divergence
• Cultural convergence and cultural divergence exist not only
within societies but also within organisations.
• Cultural convergence is when members of a group, over
time, become more and more similar to each other.
174. • Cultural divergence is when those group members instead
become more and more dissimilar to each other over time.
• Often, the one culture can both converge and diverge,
otherwise known as equilibrium perspectives.
• In groups, develop a list of five cultural aspects within
organisations that could converge and five that could
diverge.
Who is a Global Citizen?
• “A global citizen is someone who identifies with
being part of an emerging world community and
whose actions contribute to building this
community’s values and practices.”
Ron Israel, 2012
• The forces of global engagement are helping
some people identify as global citizens who have a
sense of belonging to a world community.
175. • This growing global identity in large part is made
possible by the forces of modern information,
communications and transportation technologies.
Global Identity
• Those of us who see ourselves as global citizens are
not abandoning other identities, such as allegiances to
our countries, ethnicities and political beliefs.
• These traditional identities give meaning to our lives
and will continue to help shape who we are.
• However, as a result of living in a globalised world, we
also expand our identification to embrace values of a
world-wide community and understand that we have
an added layer of responsibility to all who share this
global home.
Global Citizenship
176. • Global citizenship requires us to embrace a global
way of being and to build a sustainable values-
based world community.
• Values include respect for human rights,
environmental protection, religious pluralism,
gender equity, sustainable worldwide economic
growth, poverty alleviation, prevention of conflicts
between countries, elimination of weapons of
mass destruction, humanitarian assistance and
preservation of cultural diversity.
Self-reflection Exercise
• Your Planet
• Working individually, on a blank sheet of paper write
one sentence for each of the following two questions:
• Please answer honestly. Your workshop leader will be
collecting your responses and will be reading some of
them aloud in class – anonymously of course.
177. What does being a global
citizen mean to you as an
employee?
Conversely, what does it
mean to you as a manager
of global citizens in the
workplace?
https://vimeo.com/ondemand/planetary
Our Collective Awareness:
Rising Consciousness
• We are all part of a collective social system.
• Global citizenship of the 21st century is therefore
178. part of a living system.
• We need to move from reactive learning to deeper
levels of learning and systems thinking.
• Senge, Scharmer, Jaworski, Flowers, 2005
Deeper Levels of Learning
Senge et al., 2005
“Until people can start to see their habitual ways of interpreting
a situation,
they can’t really step into a new awareness.”
Deeper Learning:
Your First Assessment
179. • Your first assessment is a prime representation of the
deeper learning diagram on the previous slide.
• It requires you to repeatedly think in different ways and
to repeatedly do a varied number of tasks in order to
learn more deeply about yourself.
• Let’s review that first assessment now so that you have
a preliminary understanding of what’s expected.
• Can you see how it relates to Senge et al’s model?
Theory U
Theory U: Explained
• Suspending: This is when you consciously take a break
from your daily habit of instinctive thoughts and actions,
and instead simply observe yourself.
180. • Redirecting: This is when you direct your attention
towards the patterns and themes that arise during that
period of introspection.
• Letting go: This is when you refrain from becoming
emotionally attached to the gaps that become obvious.
In other words, you observe without judgement.
Theory U: Explained
• Letting come: This is when you become present such that
you welcome novel ideas and new understandings.
• Crystallising: This is when you make a commitment towards
taking action. You may not yet know the full picture or have all
the details but you know a shift is necessary.
• Prototyping: This is when you try out new ideas. You
181. experiment, you accept mistakes as part of the learning
process, and you evaluate your success as you go.
• Institutionalising: This is when you incorporate your
discoveries within the wider contextual culture that is your
organisation, thereby shifting behaviours and mindsets.
Activity
In groups, you will be allocated one of the following eight
scenarios. Identify one or two ways through which you can help
these hypothetical stakeholders to advance through the seven
stages of Theory U.
1. A supervisor who is afraid to give negative feedback.
2. An employee who thinks it’s okay to arrive late every day.
3. A colleague who never returns emails and phone calls.
4. A boss who doesn’t listen to new ideas.
5. A client who talks aggressively to your employees.
182. 6. A supplier who keeps making inventory errors.
7. A tenant making too much noise in the office next door.
8. A regulator threatening harsh and unfair media exposure.
Globalisation and EQ
• Emotional intelligence “involves the ability to monitor one's
own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among
them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and
actions”. (Salovey and Mayer 1990)
• The diversity associated with globalisation requires highly
emotionally intelligent leaders who are able to unite many
stakeholders who are culturally different to one another.
• This necessitates an awareness of one’s self and an
awareness of (and respect for) others.
• Traditional management practices are therefore no longer
sufficient since leaders today are required to be global, not