This summary analyzes the vignette using a narrative therapy approach. It discusses how John and Mary may have internalized different cultural narratives from their upbringings that influence their parenting styles. John's view of tough discipline could stem from experiencing racism growing up and wanting to prepare his sons, while Mary's desire to protect her sons may relate to traditional gender roles in African American families. The therapist would need to be culturally sensitive and understand each person's perspective without stereotyping, while also considering their ethical and legal obligations.

1. Running head: VIGNETTE ONE
VIGNETTE ONE
2
VIGNETTE ONE
2
Vignette One
California Southern University
Vignette One
Question 1
Jack is unwilling association with women is due to his fear to
get trapped in their love. This is a result of his mother’s
unconditional love. His mother consistently gave him a warm,
unconditional love. She constantly attempted to draw Jack under
the care of her while securing him. She didn't give Jack time to
act naturally and to communicate. Jack was limited to a life
with instructions and reliance to his parents. Jack may have
built up his character further from the time he began lacking
parental control because of his folks' separation. He likewise
built up an existence of self-will in his connections with the
people around him. Jack lack of self-will made him feel less
worth. Several drives might have originated to explain Jack’s
view of his life as just an image and nothing more than that.
Such drives include a feeling of anger and resentment. He was
too reliant on his parent’s instructions thus lacking an
opportunity to grow as an independent individual. Jack has
chronic worry emanating from ruminative thoughts and an
anticipation to failure.

2. The most probable explanation to his condition is presence of
an aggressive drive. Aggression is basically a typical
psychological feature in males. The organizing feature in males
results from hormones within their body (Parsons & Zhang,
2014). Male species always feel the urge to control and organize
issues around them. Jack’s mother did not allow him to
experience control thus slow development of anger. Aggression
might be resulting from a response to hardships, threats and
injuries. Jack developed a hostile aggression that developed
from fear, anger, frustrations, feeling of loneliness and pain. He
developed a character of unwillingness to become vulnerable to
people surrounding him. Jack lacked enough parental care since
the divorce withdrew his mother’s unconditional love. The
divorce did not stop her from loving him. Explain. These
experiences are related to Jack’s current relationship with
women. He relates lack of love to all women using his mother
as a reference. Jack struggles to be independent since his
mother overprotected him.
Question 2
Jack describes his father as a controlling and cruel person who
had archaic ideas. Jack’s rejection of his father has a number of
underlying psychological aspects. The feeling of hate towards
his father is apparent and it resurfaces in Jack’s adult life. He
deals with sadness, anger and rejection. Jack felt the need to
escape from his father’s control thus creating a defense
mechanism. He developed a defense mechanism of defiance. At
the end, he ended up becoming the exact opposite of what his
father wanted him to be. An over controlling father led to
anxiety symptoms and thus Jack feels the urge to rebel. There
are certain psychological factors and aspects involved in the
way Jack rejects his father’s wishes. The factors include hatred
and the need to defy his father’s wishes. His father always
pushed him to school and sports. This made Jack to develop
resentment towards his father. The resentment might have
developed from the anxiety Jack had in his childhood. He might
have had different wishes that are different from what his father

3. was asking of him. Jack developed an unconscious state which
controls his thoughts and desires. The influence from his
unconscious self-results in both psychological disturbances and
distress. Jack has feelings and defenses which grew due to his
over controlling father. psychoanalytic counseling theory can be
used to explain Jack’s defiance. This sentence could be deleted.
According to the theory, an individual with repressed childhood
memories has issues in adulthood. The issues could be in
thinking, behavior and relationships with others. Give specific
examples. Expand on this. Jack has emotional struggles due to
interpersonal problems with his father. Expand with more
specifics. Jack’s repressed childhood feelings towards his father
are transferred in adulthood. Right. Expand He chooses to go
against his father’s wishes just as a sign of defiance. This is
very general. Citation?
Vignette Two
Question 1
In the case of Javier and Alice there is a connection between
their current lives and their parental education. The two have
totally different goals which escalates into constant conflicts.
So as to bring harmony to their different perspectives, it is
imperative to encourage them to adapt feelings of respect and
satisfaction. As a therapist, I will ensure that the couple
understands that the session is meant to discover positive
methods of expression thus fostering acceptance and mutual
respect. Javier and Alice have different expectations from the
therapy. Javier expects to understand Alice more so as to make
her happy while Alice wants to find a solution to Javier’s
strictness issues. The couple sees fault in each other’s point of
view. Their family background will contribute to therapy
technique by allowing the couple to perceive each other
differently. They should concentrate on self-awareness and
individual behavior instead of focusing on early habitual
patterns and family background.

4. Question 2
Both Javier and Alice have made a mistake which could be the
cause of their current situation. Javier is over controlling and
has a feeling of superiority. He believes that his Alice must
follow his orders without second thought. Javier does not see
Alice as an individual capable of making sound decisions. He
feels that his decision is the best option in all circumstances.
His state can be traced from childhood where he faced physical
and emotional limitation. He extends the same treatment to his
wife and children. Alice on the other hand has a feeling of
inferiority. The feelings extend from her family background.
She is worried that her actions would destroy the marriage
though she knows that it would better her family living
standards. She has therefore developed negative ways of coping
with inferiority feelings. Alice is discouraged by both her
parents’ upbringing and Javier’s strictness.The Adlerian
psychology used in this case will involve four stages. The
initial stage is to establish a therapeutic relationship with the
couple (D'Andrea, Ivey, & Simek-Morgan, 2017). Then an
assessment of their backgrounds and other aspects will be
helpful in adopting new thoughts. This writer will then offer an
insight on how their past is influencing current choices. This
writer will then offer then an opportunity to select the most
accurate theory for each of their situations. The final stage of
this technique is to help them develop strategies capable of
improving their life. This is very general. Tell me how you will
make sure that your goals and the goals of Alice and of Javier
are in alignment. How might you go about this? What if Javier
and Alice have different goals? How might the fact that he is a
Latino and she is a Pacific Islander be significant in setting
goals?
Vignette Three
Question 1
The most effective therapy technique to help Paul accept his
fate is cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The assignment states

5. “ how you might proceed with Paul within an Existential/Person
Centered frame of reference.
Paul’s mood and actions are directly related to his thoughts.
Paul is seeking acceptance of his fate. Paul has existential
problem since he needs to accept his fate. in therapy it is
imperative to pay full attention to the client’s issues. Right, but
that’s very important in all modalities of therapy. This creates
confidence to share more information. Paul expresses his desire
for acceptance which means that he is ready to move on from
his condition. He is in an early stage of considering change.
Paul is in contemplation stage. He is ready to start a healthy
behavior. The therapy session should therefore help him transit
into the next stages of change i.e. preparation, action,
maintenance and termination. This writer will first inform him
of the changes his body will undergo. This will be accompanied
by an explanation that he will be able to continue with all daily
activities without any difficulty. Paul needs to accept that
having the condition does not interrupt his professional life.
Self-acceptance will help him accept his new life. He can live
his life to the fullest if he commits himself to the positive
things in life. he should could Try to stay away from “should”.
It can be perceived as judgmental or critical. choose to focus on
the things that make his life happy and worth living. Self-
awarenessincreases the likelihood that he is less worried of
what the society views him. He also needs to accept taking
prescribed medication and eating a healthy diet as recommended
by his physician. With self-awareness and professional medical
help, Paul may live his life to the fullest.
This needed to be rewritten from the Existential/Person
Centered frame of reference.
Question 2
There is a high possibility of helping Paul live a fulfilling life
despite his condition. At this age with an incessant advancement
in medicine and technology, AIDS can be controlled using
drugs. ARV’s offer a patient the opportunity to live a normal

6. healthy life (Khalsa, 2014). When the drugs are correctly taken
combined with physical exercise and a healthy diet, the patient
can live longer. Yes, right. Tell me how this works to find
meaning in his life in the face of death. Since Paul is ready to
accept his condition. No, he’s coming to you for help in that.
Paul is seeking counseling to help him deal with accepting his
diagnosis without resentment and hostility. He is filled with
rage over his fate; he keeps asking why this had to happen to
him. living a better life is a likely possibility. This was directed
at you to give you direction on how to develop this answer.
Start a new paragraph here. Some of the ethical issues is
privacy and right to appropriate information. Expand. Start
another new paragraph here. Further cultural issues such as his
beliefs about use of drugs, certain foods and attitude due to
cultural identity. What about the culture surrounding his sexual
orientation and layered over that as one who is living with HIV?
Develop and expand. This writer is inclined to provide Paul
with all information about his condition. This might raise some
ethical issues since some information might cause emotional
distress to my client. Further, all information discussed during
the therapy session must be confidential. This is an ethical
standard upheld by all therapists. This was directed at you so
you would expand on that. Accepting change and moving
forward in a positive direction is where he is struggling and
seeking help and support. The client needs care and support for
better acceptance of the new changes.
Do you see any possibilities for helping Paul find meaning in
his life in the face of death?
Laura, this is only slightly improved over the first one and does
not exhibit Master’s level work, in depth and detail, analysis
nor development. Grammar needs improvement as well. There is
a lack of understanding of feedback. 64%References
D'Andrea, M., Ivey, A., & Simek-Morgan, L. (2017). Theories

7. of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective.
New York: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Khalsa, A. (2014). Preventive counseling, screening, and
therapy for the patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Am
Fam Physician, 271-280.
Parsons, R., & Zhang, N. (2014). Counseling theory: Guiding
reflective practice. New York: SAGE Publications.
1. The duty of defense and prosecuting attorneys should be to
seek the truth, but over time, this concept has become
ambiguous. It seems that obtaining a win for either side has
become more important than acquiring justice for all. The
Michael Morton case changed the way prosecutors handle
exculpatory evidence in Texas. In 2014, Texas lawmakers
enacted the “Michael Morton Act” (Pollock, 2019, p. 287),
which “mandates that all prosecutors in the state [of Texas]
maintain an ‘open file’ policy meaning defense attorneys should
have access to everything prosecutors have unless there is some
reason it should be secret” (Pollock, 2019, p. 287). Review this
video on the case of Michael Morton, and discuss the lack of
accountability for prosecutorial misconduct and how it
exacerbates this type of behavior. What type of laws or internal
reprimands or consequences may help prevent this type of
behavior?
2. Each state has specific rules governing the professional
conduct for attorneys. When an attorney does not live up to
their state's code of conduct, a disciplinary board will take
action. The consequences of an attorney's misconduct may
result in a simple warning or disbarment. However, if the
lawyer's misconduct is illegal in nature, he or she can be
prosecuted through a criminal court.
Using information from:
· While defending their client, a defense attorney has an ethical

8. duty to abide by a code of conduct regarding their behavior,
outlined by the state where he or she practices law
· "Private investigator claims lawyer Jose Baez traded legal
services for sex with Casey Anthony"
Apply this information to help answer the following:
Discuss how Jose Baez's actions violate an attorney's code of
conduct and explain how it may be construed as criminal. If you
were on the disciplinary board hearing Jose Baez's case, what
disciplinary actions would you take? Support your answer.
3. According to Pollock (2019), "Patterns of corruption also
seem to occur when there is a deficit of resources, including
understaffing, deferred maintenance leading to decrepit
facilities, and seeming lack of care and attention from the top
management" (p. 401).
Using information from:
· Correctional facilities face misconduct and corruption as many
other facets in the criminal justice system. If there is, one
sexual abuse of inmates, there will be other forms of
misconduct like smuggling or physical abuse
· "Years ago, I exposed horrors in Mississippi Prisons. Here's
why I'm back at it"
Using this information, discuss how the lack of resources and
operational decisions create a dangerous environment that
contributes to correctional officer misconduct and corruption.
Identify how correctional organizations can reduce unethical
conduct by correctional personnel.
4. Whistleblowers are individuals who find the illegal or corrupt
activities of the place of their employment of government
deplorable and decide who to expose the misconduct, which
may create a scandal.
People face ethical dilemmas and resolve situations based on
their ethical system. "Understanding and doing the right thing is
not always easy, nor is it necessarily easy to determine what is

9. right" (Pollock, 2019, p. 466).
Edward Snowden is possibly one name that many people are
familiar with not only in the United States, but around the
world. Snowden came forward and told the world of the illegal
activities committed by the United States National Security
Agency (NSA).
Consider:
· Some consider whistleblowers heroes, while others consider
them traitors
· "Journalist Glenn Greenwald gives the inside story of Edward
Snowden"
Using this information, discuss why some people believe
Snowden is a hero, and others call him a traitor. Explain why a
person may agree with Snowden's goals, but not approve of his
actions. What ethical system do you feel relates to Snowden's
actions?
Running Head: VIGNETTE ONE
2
VIGNETTE ONE ANALYSIS
Vignette Analysis One
John Doe

10. California Southern University
<The vignette is located on the last page of this document. Do
not include the vignette in your assignment>
Narrative Therapy
A narrative therapist would listen respectfully to John and
Mary’s stories, and to understand the influence that these
stories have had on their lives (Corey, 2013). “Because of the
power of dominant culture narratives, individuals tend to
internalize the messages from these dominant discourses, which
often work against the life opportunity of the individual” (p.
410). Growing up in a culture where he may have experienced
racism and prejudice, John may have internalized a story that
children must toughen up to the world. “Within the family,
African-American parents use a number of disciplinary actions
that prepare children to live in a racist environment where
unfairness and discrimination are common. In that vein, respect
for authority is typically nonnegotiable in African-American
families; children who are disrespectful receive the most severe
forms of punishment-usually physical” (Evans, 2013, p.65).
Thus, the heavy-handed discipline John experienced himself as
a child may be an acceptable cultural narrative of his own
parenting style with his sons today. John’s view of the school of
hard knox may represent his narrative that his sons should
attend school where they will learn to, cope with racism, which
includes developing a tough skin. Mary may have internalized a
story from her own childhood where traditional African-
American mothers raise daughters to be empowered and
independent but for their sons, independence is not stressed as
strongly and punishment is not as severe, often enabling their
male children (Evans, 2013). This could explain her desire to
protect and her sons from harmful aspects of life and John’s
harsh disciplinary measures. The therapist must be aware of
stereotyping and learn how to recognize diversity issues and

11. work with John and Mary in the context of their worldview. It is
an ethical obligation for counselors to develop sensitivity to
cultural differences (Corey, 2013). While John’s style of
discipline may be culture-laden, the therapist must look at his
or her own professional obligation according to the legal and
ethical code of the state in which they work.
Listening with an Open Mind
Narrative therapists must listen to clients without judgment
or blame, affirming and valuing them. This might be difficult
for the therapist in the vignette since there is already a
judgment on John through problematic narratives of the
therapist’s own father. The therapist may have difficulty
working with John without imposing their value systems and
interpretations. The therapist must listen to this couple’s
problem-saturated stories without getting stuck (Corey, 2013).
Externalization and Deconstruction
Narrative therapists believe that problems are often
products of the cultural world or the power relations in which
the world is located. By helping John and Mary understand the
cultural narratives as being separate from who they are as
individuals, the couple can deconstruct their story lines and
generate a more positive, healing story. Deconstruction and
externalization often involve questions about the problem in a
historical and future context. Thus, the therapist might ask both
John and Mary when the problem about parenting differences
first appeared in their lives, how deeply the problem has
affected each of them, and what would it mean to them if the
problem continued. The goal would be to help the couple make
a choice to continue to live by problem-saturated stories or
create alternative stories, thus developing narratives of hope
(Corey, 2103).
References
Corey G 2013 Theory and Practice of Counseling and

12. PsychotherapyCorey, G. (2013). Theory and Practice of
Counseling and Psychotherapy (Ninth ed.). Belmont, CA:
Brooks/Cole.
Evans, K.M. (2013). Culturally alert counseling with African
Americans. In G. McAuliffe & Associates (Ed.), Culturally alert
counseling: A comprehensive introduction (2nd ed., pp. 125-
150). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
John and Mary, an African-American couple, arrive at your
office 10 minutes late for their first session. You notice that you
are annoyed at their tardiness, yet you remain professional
during the intake session. John and Mary have 3 sons, ages 4, 7
and 10. They decided to come to therapy for your advice on
how to manage parenting of their middle child, who they
describe as a behavior problem. John complains that Mary
“babies” their 7 year old son. John feels that the boy needs to
“suck it up and act like a man”. Mary tells you that John is “just
like his own father” who was very militant in his parenting style
and “disciplines with a heavy hand”. Mary tells you that it
breaks her heart to see her middle son cry, as she was also a
middle child and struggled growing up. Mary wants to home
school the boys to keep them safe from the influences of the
public school system. John feels that the best way for boys to
learn is from the “school of hard knox” and that Mary needs to
cut the apron strings. As the therapist, you find yourself siding
with Mary as you reflect on your own strict and demanding
father.
Please do not copy and paste the vignette in your actual
assignment.
1. As a Narrative Therapist, discuss what you see in this family.

13. 2. Consider the concepts of Listening With an Open Mind,
Externalization and Deconstruction