Running Head: SERVANT LEADERSHIP 1 SERVANT LEADERSHIP 2 Servant Leadership Annotated Bibliography Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132. The paper developed through a systematic review of 285 articles on the topic of servant leadership aimed at comparing servant leadership with other approaches to leadership, the nature of servant leadership and the theoretical basis through which servant leadership developed. As a result, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of servant leadership, its advantages and challenges while also comparing servant leadership to other forms of leadership that individuals use. Subsequently, the paper provides important insights regarding servant leadership, its application compared to other forms of leadership as well as recommendations for future research. This information is crucial in the development of my research paper given that not only does the paper cover and provide important information regarding servant leadership but also because through the systematic review that was used to develop the paper, the authors were able to collect information from many sources increasing not only the validity but also the reliability of the information. Williams, W. A., Brandon, R. S., Hayek, M., Haden, S. P., & Atinc, G. (2017). Servant leadership and followership creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. The paper examines how political skills and servant leadership interact to influence employee creativity and workplace culture. In developing the paper, the authors selected a sample of 280 participants comprising both undergraduate and graduate students for the study and collected data across three periods of time. Finding from the study indicate that servant leadership increases the creativity of employees by fostering a proper working environment Moreover, servant leadership according to the study is strengthened based on the political skills of those in leadership. The paper is useful in my research project in that it provides crucial information regarding servant leadership, its association with workplace politics and how leaders practising servant leadership can navigate such workplace challenges. DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship between servant leadership perceived organizational support, performance, and turnover among business to business salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10). The paper, developed through responses from a sample of 383 salespersons who trade between businesses in the US explores the influence of servant leadership on the salespersons in terms of outcome performance, organizational support, turnover and turnover intentions. Findings from the study indicate that servant leadership directly influences performance but had an indirect relationship with turnover intentions as w.

1. Running Head: SERVANT LEADERSHIP 1
SERVANT LEADERSHIP 2
Servant Leadership
Annotated Bibliography
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., &
Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review
and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1),
111-132.
The paper developed through a systematic review of 285 articles
on the topic of servant leadership aimed at comparing servant
leadership with other approaches to leadership, the nature of
servant leadership and the theoretical basis through which
servant leadership developed. As a result, the paper provides a
comprehensive overview of servant leadership, its advantages
and challenges while also comparing servant leadership to other
forms of leadership that individuals use. Subsequently, the
paper provides important insights regarding servant leadership,
its application compared to other forms of leadership as well as

2. recommendations for future research. This information is
crucial in the development of my research paper given that not
only does the paper cover and provide important information
regarding servant leadership but also because through the
systematic review that was used to develop the paper, the
authors were able to collect information from many sources
increasing not only the validity but also the reliability of the
information.
Williams, W. A., Brandon, R. S., Hayek, M., Haden, S. P., &
Atinc, G. (2017). Servant leadership and followership
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
The paper examines how political skills and servant leadership
interact to influence employee creativity and workplace culture.
In developing the paper, the authors selected a sample of 280
participants comprising both undergraduate and graduate
students for the study and collected data across three periods of
time. Finding from the study indicate that servant leadership
increases the creativity of employees by fostering a proper
working environment Moreover, servant leadership according to
the study is strengthened based on the political skills of those in
leadership. The paper is useful in my research project in that it
provides crucial information regarding servant leadership, its
association with workplace politics and how leaders practising
servant leadership can navigate such workplace challenges.
DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship
between servant leadership perceived organizational support,
performance, and turnover among business to business
salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10).
The paper, developed through responses from a sample of
383 salespersons who trade between businesses in the US
explores the influence of servant leadership on the salespersons
in terms of outcome performance, organizational support,
turnover and turnover intentions. Findings from the study
indicate that servant leadership directly influences performance
but had an indirect relationship with turnover intentions as well
as turnover. Given the papers exploration of servant leadership

3. and its influence on performance, the paper provides important
information and recommendation which are useful nor only for
my study but also other research studies.
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership
to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of
autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The
Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141.
The paper recognizing the role of servant leadership and the
fact that there has been limited research and subsequently
information regarding the underlying psychological processes
from servant leadership that enhance the performance of
individuals explores the role of servant leadership in employee
development. Subsequently not only does the paper explain the
importance of employee development through servant leadership
but also explains crucial concepts regarding servant leadership
and workplace performance which are important in my research.
This is because not only does the paper provide data regarding
the association between servant leadership and improved
employee performance but also provides actionable
recommendation on how servant leadership can be used to
develop the professional capabilities of employees within an
organization.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servant
leadership, trust in leader and thriving on employee
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
The paper investigates how servant leadership influences the
trust of employees in their leaders as well as their creativity and
performance. Besides, using a sample of 48 dynamic teams, the
authors of the paper sought to explore the role played by servant
leadership in interactions with subordinates, their creativity and
trust towards leadership. To achieve this, the researchers
compared servant leadership to other forms of leadership.
Findings from the study indicated that servant leaders received
more trust from their subordinates and were more likely to
increase or develop the creativity of their employees. The paper
is important in my research as it not only provides the basics

4. regarding servant leadership but also how it can be used to
increase both the trust of employees on their leaders but also
their creativity.
Lacroix, M., & Pircher Verdorfer, A. (2017). Can servant
leaders fuel the leadership fire? The relationship between
servant leadership and followers’ leadership
avoidance. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 6.
The paper explores the effect that servant leadership has on the
inclination of followers to take responsibility compared to other
forms of leadership. Collecting data from 222 employees in the
healthcare sector, researchers in the study found that servant
leaders influenced their followers positively to take
responsibility compared to other forms of leadership analyzed.
Given this, not only does the paper provide important insights
regarding what servant leadership is but also compares the
influence of servant leadership and other forms of leadership to
the employees which is important in this research.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles,
and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4),
261-269.
The article aimed at demystifying leadership by exploring the
different leadership styles that are required to ensure effective
leadership. Moreover, by comparing the different leadership
styles, the paper shows that servant leadership can be used to
ensure effectiveness in leadership. For this research, the paper
provides important information due to the extent that it goes in
comparing the use and effectiveness of the different leadership
approaches.
References
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership
to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of
autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The

5. Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141.
DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship
between servant leadership perceived organizational support,
performance, and turnover among business to business
salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10).
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., &
Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review
and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1),
111-132.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles,
and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4),
261-269.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servant
leadership, trust in leader and thriving on employee
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Lacroix, M., & Pircher Verdorfer, A. (2017). Can servant
leaders fuel the leadership fire? The relationship between
servant leadership and followers’ leadership
avoidance. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 6.
Williams, W. A., Brandon, R. S., Hayek, M., Haden, S. P., &
Atinc, G. (2017). Servant leadership and followership
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
What is the Christian concept of the imago Dei? How might it
be important to health care, and why is it relevant?
Running head: ANALYIS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP
1
ANALYIS OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP
5

6. Analysis of Servant Leadership
Analysis of Servant Leadership
The concept of servant leadership was first introduced and
published by Robert Greenleaf and has become a timeless idea
in leadership. Robert defined “servant leadership” as a situation
where a servant leader becomes the servant first. For instance,
an individual aspiring to be a servant leader feels naturally that
he or she wants to serve, serving his or her followers first.
Importantly, Robert Greenleaf explained that servant leadership
involved leaders whose focus is primarily on ensuring the
growth and well-being of individuals they lead. Unlike
traditional leadership, servant leadership involves the sharing of
power, putting others’ needs first and supporting people to
develop and perform highly in organizations.
Research Overview
Now in the following presentation, I want to share with you
Giambatista, McKeage, and Brees’ findings in their study about
“The Culture of Servant Leadership and their Impact”; it is a
peer-reviewed journal about value-based leadership. First,
Giambatista, McKeage, & Brees’s, (2020) examined the

7. distinctive influence of organizational culture as it is linked
with cultures which support servant leadership. One of the
questions explored was; do firms vary in their levels of servant
leadership and results obtained? Also, the research was based
on the following hypotheses; firms’ managers show different
levels of servant leadership, firms with higher levels of servant
leadership record increased job satisfaction among employees,
individual servant leadership is linked with job satisfaction, and
people with high in core self-evaluation show high levels of
servant leadership.
Research Methods
The research was conducted by sampling randomly five hundred
and eleven individuals from three companies in the United
States. One of the firms was a big financial organization while
the remaining two were small technical consulting companies.
The total sample consisted of executives (14), managers (69),
and employees (428). Importantly, the survey was carried out
using two instruments which included the Core Self-evaluation
Scale, and the Organizational Leadership Assessment. I fully
believe that the choice of these two instruments was prudential
especially the Organizational Leadership Assessment that has
been validated in most studies.
Research Outcomes
Results of the study were as follows; first, Giambatista,
McKeage, & Brees, (2020) established that significant
differences in levels of servant leadership existed across the
three companies. For example, the first two participants
affirmed that a significant higher level of immediate manager-
servant leadership existed in the firm. Secondly, a higher
correlation between immediate manager servant leadership and
job satisfaction than the case with organizational servant
leadership was established. Thirdly, core self-evaluation is
associated with immediate manager servant, organizational
servant, and overall servant leadership. Indeed, comparing these
findings with hypotheses earlier written, they are consistent. It
shows that cultures that promote servant leadership have both

8. transformative and lasting influence on the followers.
Limitations
There are two limitations based on the study. First, it formed
part of a larger program of study about servant leadership. As a
result, research questions and the results offer an indirect
explanation concerning servant leadership. In addition, it failed
to establish causality and therefore, offers opportunity for
future researchers to implement different study designs.
Application of the Study
In brief, based on the limitations highlighted above,
Giambatista, McKeage, & Brees’s, (2020) research has provided
insights I would like to use in completing my final research
paper. For instance, I look forward to conducting a broader
study which examines antecedents of servant leadership
introduction and dissemination. In particular, studying the
impacts of servant leadership on organizational effectiveness
and the development of employees would have a potential
increase in its application by many organizations. It would be
viewed as value-adding and the most indispensable type of
leadership today. Therefore, companies will be encouraged to
build and maintain a value-adding culture while servant leaders
strive to impart desirable organizational outcomes.

9. References
Giambatista, R., McKeage, R., & Brees, J. (2020). Cultures of
Servant Leadership and Their Impact. The Journal of Values-
Based Leadership, 13(1), 12. Retrieved from:
https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol13/iss1/12/
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 1
RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE 5
Research Paper Outline: Servant Leadership
Introduction
· Definition and the history of the term servant leadership and
example of how servant leadership works.
Research Hypothesis
· Hypothesis 1- Servant leadership leads to better organizational
performance.
· Hypothesis 2- Political skills and servant leadership work
together leading to employee creativity and positive workplace
culture.
· Hypothesis 3- Servant leadership increases employee
satisfaction.

10. Research methodology
· Sampling of 50 random junior employees and corporate
managers from three companies in the United States to
interview them on servant leadership.
Literature review
· Annotated bibliography 1
· Annotated bibliography 2
· Annotated bibliography 3
· Annotated bibliography 4
· Annotated bibliography 5
· Annotated bibliography 6
· Annotated bibliography 7
Findings
· Evidence of servant leadership across the sample of
individuals evaluated
· General information observed regarding servant leadership
Research limitations
· Failed in establishing causality hence creating a gap that needs
to be addressed in future through the application of different
study designs.
· The study of servant leadership is part of the large topic that
cannot be summarized into a small-paged paper. Therefore
limited information was touched on regarding the subject
matter.
Recommendations
· Recommendation 1- Managers should embrace servant
leadership because of the benefits it brings to the organizations
they lead.
· Recommendation 2- Employees should support servant leaders
when they set examples for them.
· Recommendation 3- Excellent collaboration between the
servant leader and the employees they are leading should be
created for servant leadership to succeed.
Conclusion
· Summary of what is understood by the term servant
leadershipsummary of the paper’s main points.

11. References
Giambatista, R., McKeage, R., & Brees, J. (2020). Cultures of
Servant Leadership and Their Impact. The Journal of Values-
Based Leadership, 13(1), 12. Retrieved from:
https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol13/iss1/12/
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership
to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of
autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The
Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124-141.
DeConinck, J., & DeConinck, M. B. (2017). The relationship
between servant leadership perceived organizational support,
performance, and turnover among business to business
salespeople. Archives of Business Research, 5(10).
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., &
Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review
and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1),
111-132.
Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles,
and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4),
261-269.
Jaiswal, N. K., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). The influence of servant
leadership, trust in leader and thriving on employee
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Lacroix, M., & Pircher Verdorfer, A. (2017). Can servant
leaders fuel the leadership fire? The relationship between
servant leadership and followers’ leadership
avoidance. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 6.
Williams, W. A., Brandon, R. S., Hayek, M., Haden, S. P., &
Atinc, G. (2017). Servant leadership and followership
creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.