Running head: EVALUATION OFNEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 1
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM
Abstract
There has been little work on the evaluation of neighborhood watch programs in the past. However,
scholars and policy makers have increasingly shown interest in identifying whether neighborhood
watch programs are effective. The studies conducted in the past have limitations which make them
unable to precisely measure the effectiveness of neighborhood watch programs. In response to
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 2
that, this paper proposes an elaborate evaluation technique which can assist in accurately
determining the effectiveness of the existing neighborhood watch programs. The paper does not
ignore the previous studies but instead explores them with the aim of offering theoretical
background of the programs and also explores the proposed techniques with the objective of
presenting a reliable and appropriate method of assessment.
Introduction
Neighborhood watch is also called neighborhood crime watch or crime watch. It refers to the
organization of civilians into a group which is devoted to crime or vandalism prevention within
their respective neighborhood. Neighborhood watch programs aim at achieving a wide range of
objectives related to the security of their neighborhood. Some of the objectives of this program
involve the educating community on security and safety of the neighborhood and establishing
means of maintaining a safety neighborhood. This program usually cooperate with law
enforcement agencies in such a way that if the neighborhood watch group identifies a criminal
they are expected to inform the authorities and not to engage. It is this attribute of the group that
differentiates it from vigilante groups.
In the United States there are numerous neighborhood watch groups and Rosenbaum (1988),
estimated that 20% of American residents were involved in the neighborhood watch activities by
1988. The organization and agenda of these groups vary but they all maintain that their main
objectives are related to the promotion of secure neighborhood and crime reduction. Current
systems of Neighborhood watch programs trace their origin back in 1960. According to
Rasenberger (2006), the shocking events of the murder and rape of Kitty Genovese compelled the
people to organize themselves into crime prevention groups. Ever since the Neighborhood Watch
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 3
programs have developed nationwide with the assistance of the National Sheriff's Association.
Various scholars have presented various analyses of these programs with the aim of identifying
whether the programs are effective. These evaluations have applied various approaches with some
having limitations which negatively influenced the results obtained. This paper seeks to present a
reliable method of evaluating the programs with the aim of shaping and i.
Journal Article Critque: An overview of prevention and intervention programs ...LaKeisha Weber
Greenwood, P. & Turner, S. (2009). An overview of prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. Victims and Offenders, 4, 365-374. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 2Logic modelStu.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
2
Logic model
Student’s name
University affiliation
Date
References
Blue-Howells, J., McGuire, J., & Nakashima, J. (2008). Co-location of health care services for homeless veterans: a case study of innovation in program implementation. Social work in health care, 47(3), 219-231.
Output
Integrating patient care
Communication and collaboration between workers hence resulting to communities of practicing clinicians
Attracting new patients to GLA
Funding a two-year pilot grant
Effective process for psychiatric screening for homeless patients
Outcomes
Homeless project were integrated
The issues of homeless veterans were addressed due to institutional barriers
There was creation of coalition and linking the project to legitimate VA-wide goals
Good sustained program maintenance, process evaluation and encouraging development of communities.
Activities
Building a coalition of decision makers
Introduction of a new integrated program
Inputs
The decision to implement
Initial implementation
Sustained maintenance
Termination or transformation
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 2
Program Evaluation
Institutional Affiliation
Insert the student’s name
Instructor’s name
Course
Date
Introduction
Evaluation of the program is usually done to in order to determine the quality of the program, how effective the program is and how the program is performing. This can help to know if the program is making a significant difference among the targeted people. It can also assist to know if the program is functioning or not. This paper therefore seeks to evaluate the program which is assisting the homeless people within the community.
The two program evaluation questions are: what is the reach of the program? And what has been the impact of the program on the homeless people? The answers to these questions would elicit both qualitative and quantitative results. Therefore, the program evaluation will require both quantitative and qualitative data collection plan. This is because the use of mixed-method approach is convenient since the results and findings would be reliable (Creswell, 2017). After identifying the evaluation program questions, the next step will be to come up with plan of evaluating a program. The plan should consist of methods of collecting data, evidences, the person responsible and the duration.
Program Evaluation Question
Evidence
Methods and sources of collecting data
Person in charge
Duration
1. What is the reach of the program?
Number of building materials distributed
Records of the program
Robert
One month
2. What has been the impact of the program on the homeless people?
Number of people resettled
Number of people not yet re.
Choose one of the evolutions of CIT and discuss how it may have made.pdffathimaoptical
canvas.northseattle.edu Microeconomics Midterm Chapter 2 Flashcards | Qui.. economics
assignment canvas exam - Google Sea. O Increasing the amount of resources devoted to the
production of military goods Increasing the human capital of its labor force Question 16 0.1 pts
Productive efficiency O is represented by the points outside and to the right of the Production
Possibilities Frontier. O means that all the economy\'s resources are fully employed using the
current technology O requires developing new technology and better human capital in the
Production Possibilities Frontier model. O applies to points inside the Production Possibilities
Frontier as well as points along the frontier O means there is no opportunity cost to increasing
production. 0.1 pts D Question 17 The concave shape of the Production Possibilities Frontier
indicates
Solution
Answer 16 : Production efficiency means that all the economic resources are fully employed
using the current technology. It is used to show that various possible combination of goods and
services produced within a particular period of time within a given technology and resources.
Answer 17 : The concave shape of the production possibility frontier indicated the law of
increasing oppournity cost. As the production possibility curve is downward sloping it means
that one more unit of production increases the sacrificing of more another units.
Answer 18 : The statement is True that when the firm has an absolute advantage when it can
produced a product it is not necessary to have comparative advantages also. A nation might have
an absolute advantage but not a comparative advantage in the production of a given product.A
country enjoyed an absolute advantage over another country when they used fewer resources to
produce that product from another country..
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
Research ArticleProcess Evaluation of a PositiveYouth De.docxrgladys1
Research Article
Process Evaluation of a Positive
Youth Development Program:
Project P.A.T.H.S.
Ben M. F. Law
1
and Daniel T. L. Shek
2,3,4
Abstract
There are only a few process evaluation studies on positive youth development programs, particularly in the Chinese context.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the quality of implementation of a positive youth development program (Project
Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs [P.A.T.H.S.]) and investigate the relationships among program
adherence, process factors, implementation quality, and success. Method: Process evaluation of 20 Secondary 3 classroom-
based programs was conducted in 14 schools. Results: Overall program adherence, individual evaluation items, quality, and success
had high ratings. Principal components analysis showed that two components, namely, implementation process and implementation
context were extracted from 11 evaluation items. The correlational analysis indicated that program adherence, implementation
process, and context were highly correlated with quality and success. Multiple regression analyses show that teaching process
and program adherence predicted quality, whereas teaching process, teaching context, and program adherence predicted success.
Conclusions: The implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. was generally high.
Keywords
Project P.A.T.H.S, process evaluation, positive youth development program
Introduction
Social work programs are specific sets of strategies and actions
that can be implemented to enhance social functioning and
problem-solving capabilities among individuals, families, and
groups. Program evaluation is a systematic assessment of the
process and outcomes of the programs with the aim of contri-
buting to the improvement of the programs, such as in deciding
whether to adopt the program further, enhancement of existing
intervention protocols, and compliance with a set of explicit or
implicit standards (Zakrzewski, Steven, & Ricketts, 2009).
This article documents the process evaluation of a large-scale
positive youth development program in Hong Kong called Pos-
itive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs
(P.A.T.H.S.).
Process Evaluation in Prevention Science
and Social Work Practice
Outcome evaluation focuses mainly on the results of the
programs, whereas process evaluation is concerned with how
the program is actually delivered (Dane & Schneider, 1998;
Domitrovich & Greenberg, 2000). Process evaluation is widely
adopted in prevention science, such as nursing care (Huryk,
2010; Painter et al., 2010), chronic illness prevention programs
(Braun et al., 2010; Karwalajtys et al., 2009; Mair, Hiscock,
& Beaton, 2008; Shevil & Finlayson, 2009), smoking cessation
programs (Gnich, Sheehy, Amos, Bitel, & Platt, 2008; Kwong
et al., 2009; Quintiliani, Yang, & Sorensen, 2010), dietary
programs (Allicock et al., 2010; Bowes, Marquis, Young,
Holowaty, & Issac,.
Journal Article Critque: An overview of prevention and intervention programs ...LaKeisha Weber
Greenwood, P. & Turner, S. (2009). An overview of prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. Victims and Offenders, 4, 365-374. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 2Logic modelStu.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
2
Logic model
Student’s name
University affiliation
Date
References
Blue-Howells, J., McGuire, J., & Nakashima, J. (2008). Co-location of health care services for homeless veterans: a case study of innovation in program implementation. Social work in health care, 47(3), 219-231.
Output
Integrating patient care
Communication and collaboration between workers hence resulting to communities of practicing clinicians
Attracting new patients to GLA
Funding a two-year pilot grant
Effective process for psychiatric screening for homeless patients
Outcomes
Homeless project were integrated
The issues of homeless veterans were addressed due to institutional barriers
There was creation of coalition and linking the project to legitimate VA-wide goals
Good sustained program maintenance, process evaluation and encouraging development of communities.
Activities
Building a coalition of decision makers
Introduction of a new integrated program
Inputs
The decision to implement
Initial implementation
Sustained maintenance
Termination or transformation
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 2
Program Evaluation
Institutional Affiliation
Insert the student’s name
Instructor’s name
Course
Date
Introduction
Evaluation of the program is usually done to in order to determine the quality of the program, how effective the program is and how the program is performing. This can help to know if the program is making a significant difference among the targeted people. It can also assist to know if the program is functioning or not. This paper therefore seeks to evaluate the program which is assisting the homeless people within the community.
The two program evaluation questions are: what is the reach of the program? And what has been the impact of the program on the homeless people? The answers to these questions would elicit both qualitative and quantitative results. Therefore, the program evaluation will require both quantitative and qualitative data collection plan. This is because the use of mixed-method approach is convenient since the results and findings would be reliable (Creswell, 2017). After identifying the evaluation program questions, the next step will be to come up with plan of evaluating a program. The plan should consist of methods of collecting data, evidences, the person responsible and the duration.
Program Evaluation Question
Evidence
Methods and sources of collecting data
Person in charge
Duration
1. What is the reach of the program?
Number of building materials distributed
Records of the program
Robert
One month
2. What has been the impact of the program on the homeless people?
Number of people resettled
Number of people not yet re.
Choose one of the evolutions of CIT and discuss how it may have made.pdffathimaoptical
canvas.northseattle.edu Microeconomics Midterm Chapter 2 Flashcards | Qui.. economics
assignment canvas exam - Google Sea. O Increasing the amount of resources devoted to the
production of military goods Increasing the human capital of its labor force Question 16 0.1 pts
Productive efficiency O is represented by the points outside and to the right of the Production
Possibilities Frontier. O means that all the economy\'s resources are fully employed using the
current technology O requires developing new technology and better human capital in the
Production Possibilities Frontier model. O applies to points inside the Production Possibilities
Frontier as well as points along the frontier O means there is no opportunity cost to increasing
production. 0.1 pts D Question 17 The concave shape of the Production Possibilities Frontier
indicates
Solution
Answer 16 : Production efficiency means that all the economic resources are fully employed
using the current technology. It is used to show that various possible combination of goods and
services produced within a particular period of time within a given technology and resources.
Answer 17 : The concave shape of the production possibility frontier indicated the law of
increasing oppournity cost. As the production possibility curve is downward sloping it means
that one more unit of production increases the sacrificing of more another units.
Answer 18 : The statement is True that when the firm has an absolute advantage when it can
produced a product it is not necessary to have comparative advantages also. A nation might have
an absolute advantage but not a comparative advantage in the production of a given product.A
country enjoyed an absolute advantage over another country when they used fewer resources to
produce that product from another country..
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
Research ArticleProcess Evaluation of a PositiveYouth De.docxrgladys1
Research Article
Process Evaluation of a Positive
Youth Development Program:
Project P.A.T.H.S.
Ben M. F. Law
1
and Daniel T. L. Shek
2,3,4
Abstract
There are only a few process evaluation studies on positive youth development programs, particularly in the Chinese context.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the quality of implementation of a positive youth development program (Project
Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs [P.A.T.H.S.]) and investigate the relationships among program
adherence, process factors, implementation quality, and success. Method: Process evaluation of 20 Secondary 3 classroom-
based programs was conducted in 14 schools. Results: Overall program adherence, individual evaluation items, quality, and success
had high ratings. Principal components analysis showed that two components, namely, implementation process and implementation
context were extracted from 11 evaluation items. The correlational analysis indicated that program adherence, implementation
process, and context were highly correlated with quality and success. Multiple regression analyses show that teaching process
and program adherence predicted quality, whereas teaching process, teaching context, and program adherence predicted success.
Conclusions: The implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. was generally high.
Keywords
Project P.A.T.H.S, process evaluation, positive youth development program
Introduction
Social work programs are specific sets of strategies and actions
that can be implemented to enhance social functioning and
problem-solving capabilities among individuals, families, and
groups. Program evaluation is a systematic assessment of the
process and outcomes of the programs with the aim of contri-
buting to the improvement of the programs, such as in deciding
whether to adopt the program further, enhancement of existing
intervention protocols, and compliance with a set of explicit or
implicit standards (Zakrzewski, Steven, & Ricketts, 2009).
This article documents the process evaluation of a large-scale
positive youth development program in Hong Kong called Pos-
itive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs
(P.A.T.H.S.).
Process Evaluation in Prevention Science
and Social Work Practice
Outcome evaluation focuses mainly on the results of the
programs, whereas process evaluation is concerned with how
the program is actually delivered (Dane & Schneider, 1998;
Domitrovich & Greenberg, 2000). Process evaluation is widely
adopted in prevention science, such as nursing care (Huryk,
2010; Painter et al., 2010), chronic illness prevention programs
(Braun et al., 2010; Karwalajtys et al., 2009; Mair, Hiscock,
& Beaton, 2008; Shevil & Finlayson, 2009), smoking cessation
programs (Gnich, Sheehy, Amos, Bitel, & Platt, 2008; Kwong
et al., 2009; Quintiliani, Yang, & Sorensen, 2010), dietary
programs (Allicock et al., 2010; Bowes, Marquis, Young,
Holowaty, & Issac,.
Research ArticleProcess Evaluation of a PositiveYouth .docxrgladys1
Research Article
Process Evaluation of a Positive
Youth Development Program:
Project P.A.T.H.S.
Ben M. F. Law
1
and Daniel T. L. Shek
2,3,4
Abstract
There are only a few process evaluation studies on positive youth development programs, particularly in the Chinese context.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the quality of implementation of a positive youth development program (Project
Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs [P.A.T.H.S.]) and investigate the relationships among program
adherence, process factors, implementation quality, and success. Method: Process evaluation of 20 Secondary 3 classroom-
based programs was conducted in 14 schools. Results: Overall program adherence, individual evaluation items, quality, and success
had high ratings. Principal components analysis showed that two components, namely, implementation process and implementation
context were extracted from 11 evaluation items. The correlational analysis indicated that program adherence, implementation
process, and context were highly correlated with quality and success. Multiple regression analyses show that teaching process
and program adherence predicted quality, whereas teaching process, teaching context, and program adherence predicted success.
Conclusions: The implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. was generally high.
Keywords
Project P.A.T.H.S, process evaluation, positive youth development program
Introduction
Social work programs are specific sets of strategies and actions
that can be implemented to enhance social functioning and
problem-solving capabilities among individuals, families, and
groups. Program evaluation is a systematic assessment of the
process and outcomes of the programs with the aim of contri-
buting to the improvement of the programs, such as in deciding
whether to adopt the program further, enhancement of existing
intervention protocols, and compliance with a set of explicit or
implicit standards (Zakrzewski, Steven, & Ricketts, 2009).
This article documents the process evaluation of a large-scale
positive youth development program in Hong Kong called Pos-
itive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs
(P.A.T.H.S.).
Process Evaluation in Prevention Science
and Social Work Practice
Outcome evaluation focuses mainly on the results of the
programs, whereas process evaluation is concerned with how
the program is actually delivered (Dane & Schneider, 1998;
Domitrovich & Greenberg, 2000). Process evaluation is widely
adopted in prevention science, such as nursing care (Huryk,
2010; Painter et al., 2010), chronic illness prevention programs
(Braun et al., 2010; Karwalajtys et al., 2009; Mair, Hiscock,
& Beaton, 2008; Shevil & Finlayson, 2009), smoking cessation
programs (Gnich, Sheehy, Amos, Bitel, & Platt, 2008; Kwong
et al., 2009; Quintiliani, Yang, & Sorensen, 2010), dietary
programs (Allicock et al., 2010; Bowes, Marquis, Young,
Holowaty, & Issac,.
r The Impact of Social Policy Pranab Chatterjee an.docxaudeleypearl
r
The Impact of
Social Policy
Pranab Chatterjee and Diwakar Vadapalli
'"I·-\ere is increasing recognition today that social policies and programs
should be carefully evaluated to determine whether they do, in fact,
meet their stated objectives. Althongh it has often been assumed that social
policies have a positive impact, this assumption has been called into question
by many critics of government social programs. This chapter discusses the
ways in which the impact of social policies can be assessed. It describes the
principles and techniques used in different types of evaluation. Although
evaluation research has become increasingly sophisticated, values and ideolo
gies continue to play an important role in deciding which policy approaches
work best.
___________ The logic of Bmpact Analysis
Rossi and Freeman (1985, 1993) and Rossi, Lipsey, and Freeman (2004)
observe that there are four phases of social policy evaluation. These are
needs assessment, selection of a program to respond to needs, impact evalu
ation, and cost-benefit analysis. Upon outlining the four phases of evalua
tion, they discuss many experimental, quasi-experimental, and time-series
designs that can be used for program evaluation. Mohr (1995) singled out
the idea of impact evaluation and called it an attempt to isolate the direct
effects of a policy (or, more precisely, a program derived from a policy) apart
from any confounding environmental effects. Earlier, Suchman (1967) sng
gested tbat a program is a form of social experiment, and any evaluation of
it leads to the conclusion tbat the program does or does not produce given
social ends. Following Suchrnan's ideas, Riecken and Baruch (1974) listed
ways of evaluating the impact of social experiments, many of which can be
construed as preludes to new forms of social policy. Schalock (2001), using
83
84
I
THE NATURE OF SOCIAL POLICY
T
these contributions, defined outcome-based evaluation as evaluation that
uses valued and objective person- and organization-referenced outcon1es to
analyze a program's effectiveness, impact, or efficiency. Snchman (1967), in
his earlier work, had stated that, if any one program does not produce given
social ends, one should conclude that it is a case of program failure.
However, if it seems that a substantial number of programs, all similar
in nature, do not produce given ends, then it indicates a case of theory fail
ure. In other words, the theory that generated the programs (as interven
tions to bring about a change) has been developed on faulty premises.
The groundwork of Rossi and Suchman on impact analysis (both of
social programs and of the parent policies or theories on which they rest) is
based on the assumption that quantitative analysis and multivariate design
will produce knowledge about the impact of social policies and programs.
Ask a typical policy analyst, academic, or program-administrator about the
impact of social ...
Megan St. JacquesJul 22, 2021 829 AMEvaluation Types AbramMartino96
Megan St. Jacques
Jul 22, 2021 8:29 AM
Evaluation Types
When completing a program evaluation, evaluators have a few options regarding the design of the evaluation, including the classic experimental design, a quasi-experimental design, and the before-and-after design (Vito & Higgins, 2016). The classic experimental design is used when evaluators compare results of individuals who had the intervention against those that did not have the intervention offered by the program. One of the main strengths of this technique is that the sample is random so there is a wide variety in individuals who will be examined (Vito & Higgins, 2016). However, this can serve as a weakness as well because for some programs, only certain individuals are accepted based on program guidelines, which limits the validity of the evaluation because the sample is not truly random (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Another type of evaluation is the quasi-experimental design that is similar to the classic design, but attempts to correct for weaknesses by using a less-than-random selection process for participants (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Although this method attempts to strengthen the weakness of the classic design, there is a limitation to this design because taking away the random selection process reduces generalizability of results because the evaluator has specifically chosen these individuals based on specific factors (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Finally, the before-and-after design which gives individuals a test before the treatment and one after, to determine effectiveness of the program (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Ultimately, the strength comes from the ability to test every participant, but again there is limitations because the sample is no longer truly random (Vito & Higgins, 2016).
Questions about Policing
One question about policing programs that may not be able to be answered by randomized control testing would be the impact of drug treatment programs. These programs are often looked to as a crime reducing technique for professionals (Kolind, 2017). Although in theory random samples may help with validity, there is no way to ensure that the individuals completed the treatment or were actively engaged in treatment prior to completing the evaluation. When evaluating drug treatment programs, a quasi-experimental design would work best because the participants could be selected more specifically.
Maryland Scientific Methods Scale
The Maryland Scientific Scale is designed to help program evaluators and researchers design experiments in a way that will help ensure all of their questions are answered in the best way possible (Ross & Schoon, 2011). Using these levels, the following questions could be considered:
Level One: Do after school programs reduce the criminality of youth?
Level Two: How effective are drug programs when they are court-ordered for offenders?
Level Three: When individuals complete a drug program, ...
The role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Improving Public Policies – Challeng...UNDP Policy Centre
IPC-IG's Research Coordinator, Fábio Veras Soares, presentation at the "International Conference on the
Institutionalization of Public Policies Evaluation", held in Rabat, on 5 October.
Impact evaluations aim to predict the future, but they are rooted in particular contexts and to what extent they generalize is an open and important question. I founded an organization to systematically collect and synthesize impact evaluation results on a wide variety of interventions in development. These data allow me to answer this and other questions for the rst time using a large data set of studies. I consider several measures of generalizability, discuss the strengths and limitations of each metric, and provide benchmarks based on the data. I use the example of the eect of conditional cash transfers on enrollment rates to show how some of the heterogeneity can be modelled and the eect this can have on the generalizability measures. The predictive power of the model improves over time as more studies are completed. Finally, I show how researchers can
estimate the generalizability of their own study using their own data, even when data from no comparable studies exist.
Read more at: www.hhs.se/site
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1 Course Lea.docxaryan532920
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Analyze impediments to community policing.
7.1 Explore the challenges faced by law enforcement related to maintaining safe neighborhoods
and communities using community policing strategies.
8. Explain why CPTED (crime prevention through environmental design) and Weed and Seed programs
are important to neighborhood safety.
8.1 Discuss how CPTED is related to community policing strategies designed to maintain safe
neighborhoods and communities.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 9:
Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the Evolution of Community Policing Strategies
Chapter 10:
Safe Neighborhoods and Communities: From Traffic Problems to Crime
Unit Lesson
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, crime prevention programs became popular. Such programs included
street lighting projects, security survey projects, neighborhood watch projects, and property identification
projects. The street lighting projects employed a strategy called crime prevention through environmental
design (CPTED). This strategy requires that the environment be designed in such a way to reduce and/or
eliminate the elements necessary for crime (e.g., motivated offender, suitable target, absence of a capable
guardian). Street lighting can be strategically placed in an environment to increase the visibility in that area.
Research has found that street lighting projects do not decrease crime rates; however, they do have a
positive impact on how secure community members feel. Property identification projects are designed to allow
community members to identify their property so that in the event that it is stolen it can be identified as that
community member’s property.
Similar to the street lighting projects research has not been able to demonstrate that property identification
projects have an effect on reducing crime in the entire community and/or increasing the apprehension of the
perpetrators of those crimes. Security surveys also take into consideration the design and place when
developing prevention strategies. Once elements of a location that put people at risk or create opportunities
for crime are identified, problem-solving strategies are implemented to develop a crime prevention program
for that environment.
Citizen patrol projects, citizen crime reporting, neighborhood or block programs, and special crime watch
programs (e.g., mobile crime watch, youth crime watch, business crime watch, apartment watch, realtor
watch, and carrier alert) are programs designed to directly involve the community in the crime prevention
process. Citizens actively patrol communities, eliminate environmental opportunities for crime, and/or inform
law enforcement about criminal activity in the community (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014).
Crime prevention programs have also been specifically designed ...
Fundamental Concepts Scope and Steps in Program Evaluation. .docxstarkeykellye
Fundamental Concepts: Scope and Steps in Program Evaluation.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND EXPLAIN THE TYPE OF EVALUATION EMPLOYED IN THE CASE.
The anticipation and power of juvenile offending is first assumed as a procedure containing of unlike levels of intrusions, containing schooling and obstacle at the neighborhood level among criminal approvals and intrusions to rebuild juvenile offenders and adjust them into the neighborhood. “Articles 37, 39 and 40 of the convention on the rights of the child pertain to children’s rights with respect to the juvenile justice system and, more generally, the criminal justice system as a whole”. Lastly, a few other match ethics happen which are located on generally known tactics to juvenile offense and the analysis of children in battle with the law. These ethics obligation enlighten and monitor improvement actions in the juvenile justice region
They present a convincing structure in reach which cultures and neighborhoods are likely to describe their own reaction to juvenile offense and profile the involvement of the criminal justice system in the exists of children in battle with the law. The Second Chance Act supports state, local, and tribal governments and nonprofit organizations in their work to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes for people returning from state and federal prisons, local jails, and juvenile facilities. Passed with bipartisan support and signed into law on April 9, 2008, SCA legislation authorizes federal grants for vital programs and systems reform aimed at improving the reentry process. The U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of justice programs funds and administers the second chance act grants within the bureau of justice assistance awards SCA grants serving adults, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention awards grants serving youth. Since 2009, more than 700 awards have been made to grantees across 49 states.
Nevertheless, even when captured closely, these ethics don’t present a detail programming image or detail leadership on how programmers ought to be created sequentially to bring current preparations into obedience with the theories underlying these ethics. In everyday conditions, estimating a design includes establishing if the aims of the programmers were suitable the actions were effectively realized and the aims were met. In this case it would be a summative impact evaluation, because it would be a long term effects of an intervention.
EXPLAIN WHETHER THIS WAS A NEEDS ASSESSMENT, FORMATIVE, PROCESS, OR SUMMATIVE (IMPACT) EVALUATION AND WHY.
I would use a summative impact evaluation, because “NCCD conduct program evaluations in juvenile justice, adult corrections, child welfare, adult protection, and poverty/economic support to estimate the impact of various program, initiatives, and system reform efforts on the populations served”. Our extremely capable and skilled explore staff service quant ...
New York City - Excellent Internal Coordination to Advance & Track Vision Zerovisionzeronetwork
This case study highlights a program life cycle
and monitoring system established in New
York City, the country’s longest standing Vision
Zero program, to strategically coordinate and
track progress among no fewer than 11 city
departments, as well as other stakeholders. The
thoughtful coordination among the departments
and internal strategies used to consistently track
and evaluate safety efforts stand as a model for
other Vision Zero cities.
Police and Community Relations Literature ReviewPolice and Commu.docxLacieKlineeb
Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Police and Community Relations Literature Review Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Mona E. Castillo
JUS -481
Grand Canyon University
Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Article 1
Davies (2022) identifies that law enforcement and the police department have been increasing the implementation of body-worn cameras among their officers and have been building a solid knowledge on the advantages and drawbacks of this tool on policing. The author identifies that the police officers have been intensifying their level of scrutiny by capturing real time incidences to help in case investigations. The author continues to pinpoint that the most outstanding paybacks of these cameras relates to the fact that they would help in improving the relationship between the citizens and the police officers. The author uses descriptive qualitative research to present the findings of a research assessment performed by the Australian New South Wales Police Force Body Worn Camera initiative. These findings will add knowledge to the pool of studies associated with understanding the opinion of body-worn cameras' influence on the relationship between police officers and community members. The author concludes by identifying that there is a high level of positive influence and optimism on the impacts of the camera in areas pertaining to transparency, behavior change, and accountability of the community member and the police
Article 2
The authors pinpoint that states like Wisconsin and Madison are in the middle of performing a bold new experiment to improve the relationships between the police and the community. The author is performing a literal qualitative analysis to analyze a four-year study where an ad hoc committee recommended that 177 reforms had been designed to improve policing and the community members' level of trust in police officers. The author identifies that these recommendations marked the development of a new civilian oversight technique such as setting up a new office that will allow for independent police monitoring and a citizen oversight board. The authors performed a detailed summary and recommendations of the follow up civilian committee that was examining the relevance of body-worn cameras. After debating with the community members, the author identifies that majority of them were positive towards this technique although there were some drawbacks as well although they were not significant
Article 3
Headley (2018) identifies that a lot of attention has been focused on the problem surrounding communities of color and the police. The author reports that a successful remedy for this problem has played an integral role in reforming the law enforcement department, which is considered a corporate-level solution. Despite this finding, minimal efforts to rectify this have been fabricated in empirical research to provide an understanding of the underlying relationship betwee.
CHAPTER SIXTEENUnderstanding Context Evaluation and MeasuremeJinElias52
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Understanding Context: Evaluation and Measurement in Not-for-Profit Sectors
Dale C. Brandenburg
Many individuals associated with community agencies, health care, public workforce development, and similar not-for-profit organizations view program evaluation akin to a visit to the dentist’s office. It’s painful, but at some point it cannot be avoided. A major reason for this perspective is that evaluation is seen as taking money away from program activities that perform good for others, that is, intruding on valuable resources that are intended for delivering the “real” services of the organization (Kopczynski & Pritchard, 2004). A major reason for this logic is that since there are limited funds available to serve the public good, why must a portion of program delivery be allocated to something other than serving people in need? This is not an unreasonable point and one that program managers in not-for-profits face on a continuing basis.
The focus of evaluation in not-for-profit organization has shifted in recent years from administrative data to outcome measurement, impact evaluation, and sustainability (Aspen Institute, 2000), thus a shift from short-term to long-term effects of interventions. Evaluators in the not-for-profit sector view their world as the combination of technical knowledge, communication skills, and political savvy that can make or break the utility and value of the program under consideration. Evaluation in not-for-profit settings tends to value the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and generally working together. This chapter is meant to provide a glimpse at a minor portion of the evaluation efforts that take place in the not-for-profit sector. It excludes, for example, the efforts in public education, but does provide some context for workforce development efforts.
CONTRAST OF CONTEXTS
Evaluation in not-for-profit settings tends to have different criteria for the judgment of its worth than is typically found in corporate and similar settings. Such criteria are likely to include the following:
How useful is the evaluation?
Is the evaluation feasible and practical?
Does the evaluation hold high ethical principles?
Does the evaluation measure the right things, and is it accurate?
Using criteria such as the above seems a far cry from concepts of return on investment that are of vital importance in the profit sector. Even the cause of transfer of training can sometimes be of secondary importance to assuring that the program is described accurately. Another difference is the pressure of time. Programs offered by not-for-profit organizations, such as an alcohol recovery program, take a long time to see the effects and, by the time results are viewable, the organization has moved on to the next program. Instead we often see that evaluation is relegated to measuring the countable, the numbers of people who have completed the program, rather than the life-changing impact that decreased alcohol abuse has on ...
ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POLICIES AND STRICTNESS LEVELS ON MONTHLY ...IJDKP
The corona virus is one of the most unprecedented events of recent decades. Countries struggled to identify
appropriate COVID-19 policies to prevent virus spread effectively. Although much research has been
done, little focused on policy effectiveness and their enforcement levels. As corona virus cases and death
numbers fluctuated among countries, questions of which policies are most effective in preventing corona
virus spread and how strict they should be implemented have yet to be answered. Countries are prone to
making policy and implementation errors that could cost lives. This research identified the most effective
policies and their most effective enforcement levels through data analysis of 12 common coronavirus
policies. A monthly case increase rate prediction model was developed to enable decision makers to
evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 policies and their enforcement levels so that they can implement
policies efficiently to save lives, time, and money.
Running head CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES 1CRIMINOLOGICAL THEOR.docxtodd271
Running head: CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
1
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
5
Criminological Theories
MCJ 5135 Theory of Crime and Criminology
The Relevance of Psychological Theories in Criminology
The engagement of an individual in criminal activities is often influenced by various underlying factors. As such various theories have been developed to explain the behavioral patterns of criminals and enable the criminal justice departments to operate effectively. Among the developed theories, the psychological theories are perhaps the most accurate in the field of criminology. Psychological theories are based on an interaction between biological and social-cultural factors that either promote or deter criminal behavior, (Walters, 2016). Classical theories of criminology did not account for the state of mind of criminals. As such, many criminals in the past were convicted of crimes they committed unknowingly. This has changed since the adoption of psychological theories. Both individuals as well as criminal justice officials now understand that psychological factors influence criminal behavior. Appropriate measures have been implemented to ensure that the criminal justice department treats all persons fairly by assessing underlying psychological factors. As such, psychological theories have not only promoted the work of the criminal justice department but also promoted individual awareness about underlying mental conditions that affect an individual’s behavior, (Byrne & Hummer, 2016).
Review of the Literature
1. Byrne, J., & Hummer, D. (2016). An examination of the impact of criminological theory on community corrections practice. Fed. Probation, 80, 15.
According toByrne & Hummer (2016), psychological theories have the most direct influence on probation and parole compared to other theories of criminology. The authors have comprehensively analyzed the impact of various theories used to evaluate criminal behavior. They suggest that behavior is intertwined with unconscious motives. Therefore, understanding the reasons behind a crime requires a psychological evaluation to understand the interaction of the two factors. This article is suitable for this research because it captures the relevance of psychological theories in criminology.
2. Dippong, J., & Fitch, C. (2017). Emotions in criminological theory: Insights from social psychology. Sociology Compass, 11(4), e12473.
Few formal theories have been developed to capture the role of emotional processes as facilitators or inhibitors of crime, (Dippong & Fitch, 2017). According to the authors, gaps in criminology can be filled by focusing on the underlying psychological factors of the offenders. The article highlights the effect that practices such as interrogation have on the mental state of an individual thus resulting in inaccurate findings during criminal investigations. As such, this article is a reliable source of information about the relevance of applying psychological theories in criminology. .
Running head COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS .docxtodd271
Running head: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 3
A comparative analysis between Korean melodrama and other local melodrama
Student name
Institution
Most studies in recent times have discovered that Korean dramas have come with a “Korean wave” in media in the global stage. Audiences have been reconceptualised due to the availability of internet and computer that have facilitated the digital revolution. Korean melodrama has earned more views than local melodrama, a result of its marketing its content without owning a means of distribution.
Korean melodrama is a representation of a product that is a hybrid of Hollywood, since Korean melodrama makes use of practices, tools, and conventions in the narrative that comes with the preoccupation of the Korean socio-political and historical aspects. The aspect of familiarity that lacks in local melodrama exists in Korean melodrama. Studies in have shown that audiences tend to respond positively to things they are familiar to and that is exactly what Korean melodrama is.
The use of genre by Korean melodrama is a huge success to its big audiences from the west, as a study by the Korean Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) back in 2015 estimated that around 19 million Americans enjoy Korean melodrama compared to five million who preferred local melodrama as they are a definition of what the world is in reality. The aspect of what is good and what is bad entangled with emotional narratives that give the audience an opportunity to select a hero or a heroine (Martin, 2019).
Korean melodrama are structured in a way that the audience can critique structures of institutional powers and explore a world with aspects of complex social issues. Korean melodrama has a vital element of their characters not being complex and this does not place a huge burden of danger or any sort of conflict in their existing world (Smith, 2017). The study also found out that Korean dramas have integrated aspects of adventures, romance and included professional fields like doctors and police, and lawyer, which are familiar genres to the audience. The structure of the Korean melodrama comes along with themes and selective iconography that make Korean melodrama suitable for global audiences.
Korean drama has earned viewers more than local dramas in the local stage given the Korean dramas depict the actual Korean culture. Most people are attracted to Korean melodrama since they are interested with the reality. A study by a Korean television found out that their supervisor had received more than five hundred emails from people who were not Korean to include English subtitles in their videos. This proves to be a massive support comparing people have less interest in their local drama. Korean drama have earned a huge fan base due to the license agreement of online streaming that was agreed by Korea (Moon, 2019). Studies have recorded that the market of Korean melodrama has around 12% of them wh.
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Research ArticleProcess Evaluation of a PositiveYouth .docxrgladys1
Research Article
Process Evaluation of a Positive
Youth Development Program:
Project P.A.T.H.S.
Ben M. F. Law
1
and Daniel T. L. Shek
2,3,4
Abstract
There are only a few process evaluation studies on positive youth development programs, particularly in the Chinese context.
Objectives: This study aims to examine the quality of implementation of a positive youth development program (Project
Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs [P.A.T.H.S.]) and investigate the relationships among program
adherence, process factors, implementation quality, and success. Method: Process evaluation of 20 Secondary 3 classroom-
based programs was conducted in 14 schools. Results: Overall program adherence, individual evaluation items, quality, and success
had high ratings. Principal components analysis showed that two components, namely, implementation process and implementation
context were extracted from 11 evaluation items. The correlational analysis indicated that program adherence, implementation
process, and context were highly correlated with quality and success. Multiple regression analyses show that teaching process
and program adherence predicted quality, whereas teaching process, teaching context, and program adherence predicted success.
Conclusions: The implementation quality of the Tier 1 Program of Project P.A.T.H.S. was generally high.
Keywords
Project P.A.T.H.S, process evaluation, positive youth development program
Introduction
Social work programs are specific sets of strategies and actions
that can be implemented to enhance social functioning and
problem-solving capabilities among individuals, families, and
groups. Program evaluation is a systematic assessment of the
process and outcomes of the programs with the aim of contri-
buting to the improvement of the programs, such as in deciding
whether to adopt the program further, enhancement of existing
intervention protocols, and compliance with a set of explicit or
implicit standards (Zakrzewski, Steven, & Ricketts, 2009).
This article documents the process evaluation of a large-scale
positive youth development program in Hong Kong called Pos-
itive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs
(P.A.T.H.S.).
Process Evaluation in Prevention Science
and Social Work Practice
Outcome evaluation focuses mainly on the results of the
programs, whereas process evaluation is concerned with how
the program is actually delivered (Dane & Schneider, 1998;
Domitrovich & Greenberg, 2000). Process evaluation is widely
adopted in prevention science, such as nursing care (Huryk,
2010; Painter et al., 2010), chronic illness prevention programs
(Braun et al., 2010; Karwalajtys et al., 2009; Mair, Hiscock,
& Beaton, 2008; Shevil & Finlayson, 2009), smoking cessation
programs (Gnich, Sheehy, Amos, Bitel, & Platt, 2008; Kwong
et al., 2009; Quintiliani, Yang, & Sorensen, 2010), dietary
programs (Allicock et al., 2010; Bowes, Marquis, Young,
Holowaty, & Issac,.
r The Impact of Social Policy Pranab Chatterjee an.docxaudeleypearl
r
The Impact of
Social Policy
Pranab Chatterjee and Diwakar Vadapalli
'"I·-\ere is increasing recognition today that social policies and programs
should be carefully evaluated to determine whether they do, in fact,
meet their stated objectives. Althongh it has often been assumed that social
policies have a positive impact, this assumption has been called into question
by many critics of government social programs. This chapter discusses the
ways in which the impact of social policies can be assessed. It describes the
principles and techniques used in different types of evaluation. Although
evaluation research has become increasingly sophisticated, values and ideolo
gies continue to play an important role in deciding which policy approaches
work best.
___________ The logic of Bmpact Analysis
Rossi and Freeman (1985, 1993) and Rossi, Lipsey, and Freeman (2004)
observe that there are four phases of social policy evaluation. These are
needs assessment, selection of a program to respond to needs, impact evalu
ation, and cost-benefit analysis. Upon outlining the four phases of evalua
tion, they discuss many experimental, quasi-experimental, and time-series
designs that can be used for program evaluation. Mohr (1995) singled out
the idea of impact evaluation and called it an attempt to isolate the direct
effects of a policy (or, more precisely, a program derived from a policy) apart
from any confounding environmental effects. Earlier, Suchman (1967) sng
gested tbat a program is a form of social experiment, and any evaluation of
it leads to the conclusion tbat the program does or does not produce given
social ends. Following Suchrnan's ideas, Riecken and Baruch (1974) listed
ways of evaluating the impact of social experiments, many of which can be
construed as preludes to new forms of social policy. Schalock (2001), using
83
84
I
THE NATURE OF SOCIAL POLICY
T
these contributions, defined outcome-based evaluation as evaluation that
uses valued and objective person- and organization-referenced outcon1es to
analyze a program's effectiveness, impact, or efficiency. Snchman (1967), in
his earlier work, had stated that, if any one program does not produce given
social ends, one should conclude that it is a case of program failure.
However, if it seems that a substantial number of programs, all similar
in nature, do not produce given ends, then it indicates a case of theory fail
ure. In other words, the theory that generated the programs (as interven
tions to bring about a change) has been developed on faulty premises.
The groundwork of Rossi and Suchman on impact analysis (both of
social programs and of the parent policies or theories on which they rest) is
based on the assumption that quantitative analysis and multivariate design
will produce knowledge about the impact of social policies and programs.
Ask a typical policy analyst, academic, or program-administrator about the
impact of social ...
Megan St. JacquesJul 22, 2021 829 AMEvaluation Types AbramMartino96
Megan St. Jacques
Jul 22, 2021 8:29 AM
Evaluation Types
When completing a program evaluation, evaluators have a few options regarding the design of the evaluation, including the classic experimental design, a quasi-experimental design, and the before-and-after design (Vito & Higgins, 2016). The classic experimental design is used when evaluators compare results of individuals who had the intervention against those that did not have the intervention offered by the program. One of the main strengths of this technique is that the sample is random so there is a wide variety in individuals who will be examined (Vito & Higgins, 2016). However, this can serve as a weakness as well because for some programs, only certain individuals are accepted based on program guidelines, which limits the validity of the evaluation because the sample is not truly random (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Another type of evaluation is the quasi-experimental design that is similar to the classic design, but attempts to correct for weaknesses by using a less-than-random selection process for participants (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Although this method attempts to strengthen the weakness of the classic design, there is a limitation to this design because taking away the random selection process reduces generalizability of results because the evaluator has specifically chosen these individuals based on specific factors (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Finally, the before-and-after design which gives individuals a test before the treatment and one after, to determine effectiveness of the program (Vito & Higgins, 2016). Ultimately, the strength comes from the ability to test every participant, but again there is limitations because the sample is no longer truly random (Vito & Higgins, 2016).
Questions about Policing
One question about policing programs that may not be able to be answered by randomized control testing would be the impact of drug treatment programs. These programs are often looked to as a crime reducing technique for professionals (Kolind, 2017). Although in theory random samples may help with validity, there is no way to ensure that the individuals completed the treatment or were actively engaged in treatment prior to completing the evaluation. When evaluating drug treatment programs, a quasi-experimental design would work best because the participants could be selected more specifically.
Maryland Scientific Methods Scale
The Maryland Scientific Scale is designed to help program evaluators and researchers design experiments in a way that will help ensure all of their questions are answered in the best way possible (Ross & Schoon, 2011). Using these levels, the following questions could be considered:
Level One: Do after school programs reduce the criminality of youth?
Level Two: How effective are drug programs when they are court-ordered for offenders?
Level Three: When individuals complete a drug program, ...
The role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Improving Public Policies – Challeng...UNDP Policy Centre
IPC-IG's Research Coordinator, Fábio Veras Soares, presentation at the "International Conference on the
Institutionalization of Public Policies Evaluation", held in Rabat, on 5 October.
Impact evaluations aim to predict the future, but they are rooted in particular contexts and to what extent they generalize is an open and important question. I founded an organization to systematically collect and synthesize impact evaluation results on a wide variety of interventions in development. These data allow me to answer this and other questions for the rst time using a large data set of studies. I consider several measures of generalizability, discuss the strengths and limitations of each metric, and provide benchmarks based on the data. I use the example of the eect of conditional cash transfers on enrollment rates to show how some of the heterogeneity can be modelled and the eect this can have on the generalizability measures. The predictive power of the model improves over time as more studies are completed. Finally, I show how researchers can
estimate the generalizability of their own study using their own data, even when data from no comparable studies exist.
Read more at: www.hhs.se/site
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1 Course Lea.docxaryan532920
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Analyze impediments to community policing.
7.1 Explore the challenges faced by law enforcement related to maintaining safe neighborhoods
and communities using community policing strategies.
8. Explain why CPTED (crime prevention through environmental design) and Weed and Seed programs
are important to neighborhood safety.
8.1 Discuss how CPTED is related to community policing strategies designed to maintain safe
neighborhoods and communities.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 9:
Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the Evolution of Community Policing Strategies
Chapter 10:
Safe Neighborhoods and Communities: From Traffic Problems to Crime
Unit Lesson
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, crime prevention programs became popular. Such programs included
street lighting projects, security survey projects, neighborhood watch projects, and property identification
projects. The street lighting projects employed a strategy called crime prevention through environmental
design (CPTED). This strategy requires that the environment be designed in such a way to reduce and/or
eliminate the elements necessary for crime (e.g., motivated offender, suitable target, absence of a capable
guardian). Street lighting can be strategically placed in an environment to increase the visibility in that area.
Research has found that street lighting projects do not decrease crime rates; however, they do have a
positive impact on how secure community members feel. Property identification projects are designed to allow
community members to identify their property so that in the event that it is stolen it can be identified as that
community member’s property.
Similar to the street lighting projects research has not been able to demonstrate that property identification
projects have an effect on reducing crime in the entire community and/or increasing the apprehension of the
perpetrators of those crimes. Security surveys also take into consideration the design and place when
developing prevention strategies. Once elements of a location that put people at risk or create opportunities
for crime are identified, problem-solving strategies are implemented to develop a crime prevention program
for that environment.
Citizen patrol projects, citizen crime reporting, neighborhood or block programs, and special crime watch
programs (e.g., mobile crime watch, youth crime watch, business crime watch, apartment watch, realtor
watch, and carrier alert) are programs designed to directly involve the community in the crime prevention
process. Citizens actively patrol communities, eliminate environmental opportunities for crime, and/or inform
law enforcement about criminal activity in the community (Miller, Hess, & Orthmann, 2014).
Crime prevention programs have also been specifically designed ...
Fundamental Concepts Scope and Steps in Program Evaluation. .docxstarkeykellye
Fundamental Concepts: Scope and Steps in Program Evaluation.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND EXPLAIN THE TYPE OF EVALUATION EMPLOYED IN THE CASE.
The anticipation and power of juvenile offending is first assumed as a procedure containing of unlike levels of intrusions, containing schooling and obstacle at the neighborhood level among criminal approvals and intrusions to rebuild juvenile offenders and adjust them into the neighborhood. “Articles 37, 39 and 40 of the convention on the rights of the child pertain to children’s rights with respect to the juvenile justice system and, more generally, the criminal justice system as a whole”. Lastly, a few other match ethics happen which are located on generally known tactics to juvenile offense and the analysis of children in battle with the law. These ethics obligation enlighten and monitor improvement actions in the juvenile justice region
They present a convincing structure in reach which cultures and neighborhoods are likely to describe their own reaction to juvenile offense and profile the involvement of the criminal justice system in the exists of children in battle with the law. The Second Chance Act supports state, local, and tribal governments and nonprofit organizations in their work to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes for people returning from state and federal prisons, local jails, and juvenile facilities. Passed with bipartisan support and signed into law on April 9, 2008, SCA legislation authorizes federal grants for vital programs and systems reform aimed at improving the reentry process. The U.S. Department of Justice’s Office of justice programs funds and administers the second chance act grants within the bureau of justice assistance awards SCA grants serving adults, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention awards grants serving youth. Since 2009, more than 700 awards have been made to grantees across 49 states.
Nevertheless, even when captured closely, these ethics don’t present a detail programming image or detail leadership on how programmers ought to be created sequentially to bring current preparations into obedience with the theories underlying these ethics. In everyday conditions, estimating a design includes establishing if the aims of the programmers were suitable the actions were effectively realized and the aims were met. In this case it would be a summative impact evaluation, because it would be a long term effects of an intervention.
EXPLAIN WHETHER THIS WAS A NEEDS ASSESSMENT, FORMATIVE, PROCESS, OR SUMMATIVE (IMPACT) EVALUATION AND WHY.
I would use a summative impact evaluation, because “NCCD conduct program evaluations in juvenile justice, adult corrections, child welfare, adult protection, and poverty/economic support to estimate the impact of various program, initiatives, and system reform efforts on the populations served”. Our extremely capable and skilled explore staff service quant ...
New York City - Excellent Internal Coordination to Advance & Track Vision Zerovisionzeronetwork
This case study highlights a program life cycle
and monitoring system established in New
York City, the country’s longest standing Vision
Zero program, to strategically coordinate and
track progress among no fewer than 11 city
departments, as well as other stakeholders. The
thoughtful coordination among the departments
and internal strategies used to consistently track
and evaluate safety efforts stand as a model for
other Vision Zero cities.
Police and Community Relations Literature ReviewPolice and Commu.docxLacieKlineeb
Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Police and Community Relations Literature Review Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Mona E. Castillo
JUS -481
Grand Canyon University
Police and Community Relations Literature Review
Article 1
Davies (2022) identifies that law enforcement and the police department have been increasing the implementation of body-worn cameras among their officers and have been building a solid knowledge on the advantages and drawbacks of this tool on policing. The author identifies that the police officers have been intensifying their level of scrutiny by capturing real time incidences to help in case investigations. The author continues to pinpoint that the most outstanding paybacks of these cameras relates to the fact that they would help in improving the relationship between the citizens and the police officers. The author uses descriptive qualitative research to present the findings of a research assessment performed by the Australian New South Wales Police Force Body Worn Camera initiative. These findings will add knowledge to the pool of studies associated with understanding the opinion of body-worn cameras' influence on the relationship between police officers and community members. The author concludes by identifying that there is a high level of positive influence and optimism on the impacts of the camera in areas pertaining to transparency, behavior change, and accountability of the community member and the police
Article 2
The authors pinpoint that states like Wisconsin and Madison are in the middle of performing a bold new experiment to improve the relationships between the police and the community. The author is performing a literal qualitative analysis to analyze a four-year study where an ad hoc committee recommended that 177 reforms had been designed to improve policing and the community members' level of trust in police officers. The author identifies that these recommendations marked the development of a new civilian oversight technique such as setting up a new office that will allow for independent police monitoring and a citizen oversight board. The authors performed a detailed summary and recommendations of the follow up civilian committee that was examining the relevance of body-worn cameras. After debating with the community members, the author identifies that majority of them were positive towards this technique although there were some drawbacks as well although they were not significant
Article 3
Headley (2018) identifies that a lot of attention has been focused on the problem surrounding communities of color and the police. The author reports that a successful remedy for this problem has played an integral role in reforming the law enforcement department, which is considered a corporate-level solution. Despite this finding, minimal efforts to rectify this have been fabricated in empirical research to provide an understanding of the underlying relationship betwee.
CHAPTER SIXTEENUnderstanding Context Evaluation and MeasuremeJinElias52
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Understanding Context: Evaluation and Measurement in Not-for-Profit Sectors
Dale C. Brandenburg
Many individuals associated with community agencies, health care, public workforce development, and similar not-for-profit organizations view program evaluation akin to a visit to the dentist’s office. It’s painful, but at some point it cannot be avoided. A major reason for this perspective is that evaluation is seen as taking money away from program activities that perform good for others, that is, intruding on valuable resources that are intended for delivering the “real” services of the organization (Kopczynski & Pritchard, 2004). A major reason for this logic is that since there are limited funds available to serve the public good, why must a portion of program delivery be allocated to something other than serving people in need? This is not an unreasonable point and one that program managers in not-for-profits face on a continuing basis.
The focus of evaluation in not-for-profit organization has shifted in recent years from administrative data to outcome measurement, impact evaluation, and sustainability (Aspen Institute, 2000), thus a shift from short-term to long-term effects of interventions. Evaluators in the not-for-profit sector view their world as the combination of technical knowledge, communication skills, and political savvy that can make or break the utility and value of the program under consideration. Evaluation in not-for-profit settings tends to value the importance of teamwork, collaboration, and generally working together. This chapter is meant to provide a glimpse at a minor portion of the evaluation efforts that take place in the not-for-profit sector. It excludes, for example, the efforts in public education, but does provide some context for workforce development efforts.
CONTRAST OF CONTEXTS
Evaluation in not-for-profit settings tends to have different criteria for the judgment of its worth than is typically found in corporate and similar settings. Such criteria are likely to include the following:
How useful is the evaluation?
Is the evaluation feasible and practical?
Does the evaluation hold high ethical principles?
Does the evaluation measure the right things, and is it accurate?
Using criteria such as the above seems a far cry from concepts of return on investment that are of vital importance in the profit sector. Even the cause of transfer of training can sometimes be of secondary importance to assuring that the program is described accurately. Another difference is the pressure of time. Programs offered by not-for-profit organizations, such as an alcohol recovery program, take a long time to see the effects and, by the time results are viewable, the organization has moved on to the next program. Instead we often see that evaluation is relegated to measuring the countable, the numbers of people who have completed the program, rather than the life-changing impact that decreased alcohol abuse has on ...
ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT POLICIES AND STRICTNESS LEVELS ON MONTHLY ...IJDKP
The corona virus is one of the most unprecedented events of recent decades. Countries struggled to identify
appropriate COVID-19 policies to prevent virus spread effectively. Although much research has been
done, little focused on policy effectiveness and their enforcement levels. As corona virus cases and death
numbers fluctuated among countries, questions of which policies are most effective in preventing corona
virus spread and how strict they should be implemented have yet to be answered. Countries are prone to
making policy and implementation errors that could cost lives. This research identified the most effective
policies and their most effective enforcement levels through data analysis of 12 common coronavirus
policies. A monthly case increase rate prediction model was developed to enable decision makers to
evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 policies and their enforcement levels so that they can implement
policies efficiently to save lives, time, and money.
Similar to Running head EVALUATION OFNEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 1 .docx (20)
Running head CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES 1CRIMINOLOGICAL THEOR.docxtodd271
Running head: CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
1
CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
5
Criminological Theories
MCJ 5135 Theory of Crime and Criminology
The Relevance of Psychological Theories in Criminology
The engagement of an individual in criminal activities is often influenced by various underlying factors. As such various theories have been developed to explain the behavioral patterns of criminals and enable the criminal justice departments to operate effectively. Among the developed theories, the psychological theories are perhaps the most accurate in the field of criminology. Psychological theories are based on an interaction between biological and social-cultural factors that either promote or deter criminal behavior, (Walters, 2016). Classical theories of criminology did not account for the state of mind of criminals. As such, many criminals in the past were convicted of crimes they committed unknowingly. This has changed since the adoption of psychological theories. Both individuals as well as criminal justice officials now understand that psychological factors influence criminal behavior. Appropriate measures have been implemented to ensure that the criminal justice department treats all persons fairly by assessing underlying psychological factors. As such, psychological theories have not only promoted the work of the criminal justice department but also promoted individual awareness about underlying mental conditions that affect an individual’s behavior, (Byrne & Hummer, 2016).
Review of the Literature
1. Byrne, J., & Hummer, D. (2016). An examination of the impact of criminological theory on community corrections practice. Fed. Probation, 80, 15.
According toByrne & Hummer (2016), psychological theories have the most direct influence on probation and parole compared to other theories of criminology. The authors have comprehensively analyzed the impact of various theories used to evaluate criminal behavior. They suggest that behavior is intertwined with unconscious motives. Therefore, understanding the reasons behind a crime requires a psychological evaluation to understand the interaction of the two factors. This article is suitable for this research because it captures the relevance of psychological theories in criminology.
2. Dippong, J., & Fitch, C. (2017). Emotions in criminological theory: Insights from social psychology. Sociology Compass, 11(4), e12473.
Few formal theories have been developed to capture the role of emotional processes as facilitators or inhibitors of crime, (Dippong & Fitch, 2017). According to the authors, gaps in criminology can be filled by focusing on the underlying psychological factors of the offenders. The article highlights the effect that practices such as interrogation have on the mental state of an individual thus resulting in inaccurate findings during criminal investigations. As such, this article is a reliable source of information about the relevance of applying psychological theories in criminology. .
Running head COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS .docxtodd271
Running head: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 3
A comparative analysis between Korean melodrama and other local melodrama
Student name
Institution
Most studies in recent times have discovered that Korean dramas have come with a “Korean wave” in media in the global stage. Audiences have been reconceptualised due to the availability of internet and computer that have facilitated the digital revolution. Korean melodrama has earned more views than local melodrama, a result of its marketing its content without owning a means of distribution.
Korean melodrama is a representation of a product that is a hybrid of Hollywood, since Korean melodrama makes use of practices, tools, and conventions in the narrative that comes with the preoccupation of the Korean socio-political and historical aspects. The aspect of familiarity that lacks in local melodrama exists in Korean melodrama. Studies in have shown that audiences tend to respond positively to things they are familiar to and that is exactly what Korean melodrama is.
The use of genre by Korean melodrama is a huge success to its big audiences from the west, as a study by the Korean Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) back in 2015 estimated that around 19 million Americans enjoy Korean melodrama compared to five million who preferred local melodrama as they are a definition of what the world is in reality. The aspect of what is good and what is bad entangled with emotional narratives that give the audience an opportunity to select a hero or a heroine (Martin, 2019).
Korean melodrama are structured in a way that the audience can critique structures of institutional powers and explore a world with aspects of complex social issues. Korean melodrama has a vital element of their characters not being complex and this does not place a huge burden of danger or any sort of conflict in their existing world (Smith, 2017). The study also found out that Korean dramas have integrated aspects of adventures, romance and included professional fields like doctors and police, and lawyer, which are familiar genres to the audience. The structure of the Korean melodrama comes along with themes and selective iconography that make Korean melodrama suitable for global audiences.
Korean drama has earned viewers more than local dramas in the local stage given the Korean dramas depict the actual Korean culture. Most people are attracted to Korean melodrama since they are interested with the reality. A study by a Korean television found out that their supervisor had received more than five hundred emails from people who were not Korean to include English subtitles in their videos. This proves to be a massive support comparing people have less interest in their local drama. Korean drama have earned a huge fan base due to the license agreement of online streaming that was agreed by Korea (Moon, 2019). Studies have recorded that the market of Korean melodrama has around 12% of them wh.
Running Head Critical Evaluation on Note Taking1Critical Ev.docxtodd271
Running Head: Critical Evaluation on Note Taking
1
Critical Evaluation of Four Articles On Note Taking
Critical Evaluation of Four Articles On Note Taking
Note taking is the process of recording information from another source and is an integral part of university studies. Comprehensive studies have been conducted to underline the cognitive process of note taking. This essay aims to critique four research articles pertaining to the study of note taking namely by highlighting several pros and cons of certain methodologies used, to improve future researches done on the topic of note taking.
The first article aims to examine whether the use of laptops in note taking impairs learning compared to people who were using the longhand method (Mueller & Oppenheimer, 2014). They conducted three experiments to investigate whether taking notes on a laptop versus writing longhand would affect academic performance, and to explore the potential mechanism of verbatim overlap as a proxy for the depth of processing. They used an experimental design in order to achieve a quantitative result. Using five 15 minutes TED talks lectures, the use of either laptop or longhand method for note taking as a categorical variable, and 67 participant samples from different university research subject pools, they concluded that participants using laptops were more inclined to take verbatim notes than participants using the longhand method. An overlooked procedure of this methodology is that in their first study, either one or two students were placed in an enclosed room.Mueller & Oppenheimer (2014) unknowingly made this a variable in their experiment. Additionally, typical university lectures are done in an occupied lecture hall. Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) should have had his experiments in a lecture hall with students while testing his participants, emulating an environment similar to the real world. Doing so would increase external validity without sacrificing internal validity. Participants were taken randomly from a pool of voluntary university students, which is a good representation of the larger population for their hypothesis of the experiment. Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) did not account for how the participants usually took notes in their classes. Instructing the participants to take down notes in a medium they are not used to could have affected their implicit processing of information, affecting results. The experimenters should have divided the participants into two separate groups based on which medium they were more comfortable in using. A third control group whereby participants did not take notes would have been beneficial to this experiment, eliminating compromising factors such as selection threats (Trochim, 2006).
The next article alleviates most of the previously stated concerns. This experiment was conducted to determine whether students’ note-taking and online chatting can influence their recalls of lecture content and note quality (Wei , Wang .
Running head CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS.docxtodd271
Running head: CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
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CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN
Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies
Adenike George
Walden University
NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice
April 11, 2019
Critique of Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Method Design
Both quantitative and qualitative methods play a pivotal role in nursing research. Qualitative research helps nurses and other healthcare workers to understand the experiences of the patients on health and illness. Quantitative data allows researchers to use an accurate approach in data collection and analysis. When using quantitative techniques, data can be analyzed using either descriptive statistics or inferential statistics which allows the researchers to derive important facts like demographics, preference trends, and differences between the groups. The paper comprehensively critiques quantitative and quantitative techniques of research. Furthermore, the author will also give reasons as to why qualitative methods should be regarded as scientific.
The overall value of quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative studies allow the researchers to present data in terms of numbers. Since data is in numeric form, researchers can apply statistical techniques in analyzing it. These include descriptive statistics like mean, mode, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and regression analysis. Statistical analysis allows us to derive important facts from data such as preference trends, demographics, and differences between groups. For instance, by conducting a mixed methods study to determine the feeding experiences of infants among teen mothers in North Carolina, Tucker and colleagues were able to compare breastfeeding trends among various population groups. The multiple groups compared were likely to initiate breastfeeding as follows: Hispanic teens 89%, Black American teens 41%, and White teens 52% (Tucker et al., 2011).
The high strength of quantitative analysis lies in providing data that is descriptive. The descriptive statistics helps us to capture a snapshot of the population. When analyzed appropriate, the descriptive data enables us to make general conclusions concerning the population. For instance, through detailed data analysis, Tucker and co-researchers were able to observe that there were a large number of adolescents who ceased breastfeeding within the first month drawing the need for nurses to conduct individualized follow-ups the early days after hospital discharge. These follow-ups would significantly assist in addressing the conventional technical problems and offer support in managing back to school transition (Tucker et al., 2011).
Qualitative research allows researchers to determine the client’s perspective on healthcare. It enables researchers to observe certain behaviors and experiences amo.
Running head CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY .docxtodd271
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 9
Crime Analysis Technology
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Crime Analysis Technology
Peer-Reviewed Article Analysis
Technology has evolved over the years in various sectors, with new technological innovations being developed. One of the areas that has witnessed great applications of technological evolution is in the detection and prevention of crime. This article will analyze the various technologies that are used to prevent and detect crime.
Byrne and Marx (2011) in their article reviews the topic in detail and gives insight in the role of technology in combating crime.
The key data that will be used in this research is secondary data from various peer-reviewed sources that review the topic of Crime Analysis Technology from various perspectives. Byrne and Marx (2011) presents various data on crime and the use of Information Technology in crime detection and prevention. For instance, it highlights that the percentage of schools in the United States that deploy metal detectors is approximately 2%. The article also approximates that as of 2006, one million CCTV cameras had been deployed in the United States, although the article does not provide current estimates on the same.
The article plays a great role in my final research. It gives a highlight of the various technological applications for crime prevention and detection. This can provide a background for further research, especially the technological innovations that are currently being developed. The article also presents figures about various elements of technology in crime prevention and detection such as the number of CCTV cameras, the crime rates such as the registered sex offenders, among others. Projections can therefore be made to the future.
The article mentions several significant facts. First, it classifies technological innovations in criminal justice as hard technology versus soft technology. Hard technology innovations include hardware and materials while soft technology innovations include information systems and computer software. Examples of hard technology is the CCTV cameras, metal detectors, and security systems at homes and schools. Examples of soft technology include predictive policing technology, crime analysis techniques, software, and data sharing techniques, among others. Both of the two categories of technological innovations are important in criminal justice. Another fact is the new technology of policing. The article identifies hard policing technological tools such as non-lethal weaponry and technologies for officer safety. It highlights soft policing technologies such as data-driven policies in policing and information sharing. Another important fact that the article mentions is the issues that should be con.
Running head CRIMINAL JUSTICE FLOWCHART1CRIMINAL JUSTICE FL.docxtodd271
Running head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE FLOWCHART 1
CRIMINAL JUSTICE FLOWCHART 11
Introduction
The purpose of a flowchart is to graphically present information in a logical pattern according to whatis.com (2018), usually showing the progression within a process from beginning to end. This flowchart will illustrate the pattern of progression in the criminal justice systems of Canada and India. In most countries policing, the courts, and the correctional systems are interdependent in this relationship, the police are the first step and the other steps follow in a logical progression. The purpose of mapping the steps of these countries criminal justice systems is to give visual context to this progression.
Criminal Justice of Canada
Police
Canada’s criminal justice system is not that different from other systems from around the world. The Canadian system comprised of the police who investigate crimes, collects evidence, and apprehend suspects for trial in the court system. Canada’s policing uses a decentralized multiple coordination model. In Canada, the federal government is constitutionally responsible for legislating in all areas that relate to criminal matters Braiden (2006), but legislating police activity is the responsibility of the provinces.
Each province has passed a Police Act to meet their responsibilities. Police forces in Canada deal with all types of crimes, from Crimes against Persons to Crimes Against Property according to the Canadian Department of Justice (2017). The crime being investigated will dictate the course of the investigation that will follow. To satisfy their role in the criminal justice flowchart the police must collect evidence and this evidence will be used at trial.
The gathering and preserving of evidence according to rules established within the Police Act and federal legislation spelled out in the Canadian Constitution Canadian Department of Justice (2017). Once an investigation occurs with the collection of evidence, and this evidence obtained through interviews and legally issued search warrants the police will develop a most likely and viable suspect and the police will request an arrest warrant for the suspect spelling out who they are looking to arrest and for what crime they wish to arrest them for.
Courts
The arrest is one of the final steps for the police in this matter and the beginning of the court process. The first step in this process is to put the person in custody into a holding cell usually at a detention center, the person is typically seen by a judge or a justice of the peace as soon as possible, this is usually done in twenty-four hours according to the Canadian Department of Justice (2017). At this point, the judge determines a pre-trial date in some cases will release the party on bail.
A bail hearing allows the prosecution to present evidence in hopes to keep the accused in custody. In the Canadian system, the state has all the expense of investigatio.
Running head COMPANY OVERVIEW1COMPANY OVERVIEW2Co.docxtodd271
Running head: COMPANY OVERVIEW
1
COMPANY OVERVIEW
2
Company Overview
Name: John Blair
Institutional Affiliation: Rasmussen College
Founded in 2001, Global Inc. is one of the leading manufacturers of consumer electronics such as personal computers, smartphones, and household appliances among other products. As a limited liability company members are not liable for the organization’s liabilities or debts (Deering & Murphy, 2003). It has experienced growth currently with approximately 13, 500 workers and an annual revenue of $14 billion as of December 2017. Smartphones and personal computers form its major source of revenue which currently comprises 45% of all the revenues. Starting 2009, the company expanded to the international market and has since experienced a growing revenue due to the expanding market share. More so, due to benefits such as cheap and readily available labor, the organization moved some of its manufacturing processes to Indonesia, Bhutan and Hong Kong which has greatly impacted the operational cost enabling it to provide goods at competitive prices.
In 2016, the company faced issues related to labor management as it was established that some of its suppliers employ underage workers and also utilizes bonded labor. It has been an ethical issue faced by the organization whether it should cut ties with the suppliers and find other suppliers. The company did not have any policies that controlled labor management practices by the suppliers hence it was not likely for the organization to act with speed. On the other hand, in the established manufacturing plants in Asian countries, it emerged that some workers received wages lower than the minimum wages in the said countries. These have been the two major issues that have recently tarnished the organization’s public image. However, it has put efforts to turn around the situation and regain its previous public image.
Reference
Deering, A., & Murphy, A. (2003). The Partnering Imperative: Making Business Partnerships Work (1st ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
Running head: ETHICAL ISSUES IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
1
ETHICAL ISSUES IN CONSUMER ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
4
Trending Ethical Issues in Consumer Electronics Industry
Name: John Blair
Institutional Affiliation: Rasmussen College
Trending Ethical Issues in Consumer Electronics Industry
In the consumer electronics industry, players are competing with each other to create cutting edge devices that are more appealing to the consumers. Due to this need, majority of the manufacturers have employed various strategies such as partnering with third party manufacturers in a bid to lower operational costs hence being able to present consumers with competitively priced devices. However, it is imperative to note that adoption of the various strategies by the industry players has led to a number of ethical issues such as unfair labor practices as looked into in the following section.
One, partnering with third party manufacturers.
Running head CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS 1CRIMINAL BACKGROUND .docxtodd271
Running head: CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS 1
CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS
2
Criminal Background CheckNameENG/100
Erica Letourneau
September 1, 2019
Thesis Statement:
Criminal background checks help in determining a new employee’s behavior on the job, aids in identifying illegal immigration or harbored a fugitives, and acts as a societal norm.
Determining the behaviors of a new employee
One-way Criminal background checks helps employers is through acting as a guide in determining employee behavior before joining their task force. The character of an employee is a factor that should be considered before the employee is offered an opportunity to work for any organisation (Harris & Keller, 2005).
Hiring a criminal puts the security of the customers and employees at risk. Without past information about an employee, an organization is likely to employ a criminal. In this respect, a background check comes in place to make sure that the potential employee has no tarnished background.
Aids in illegal immigration or harboring a fugitive
Criminal background checks can also aid identifying illegal immigrants or harbored fugitives in workplaces. In the modern day, illegal immigration has become a norm in the society. Considering that the illegal immigrants are not citizens of the country, it is evident that any person cannot access their records. A criminal background check does not only help to know the previous criminal engagement activities of a person, but it also helps to know if a person is in the country's system or not.
Acts as a societal norm
Criminal background checks act as a social norm which can help in a nation’s economic growth. The productivity of its citizens dictates the economy of any nation. Ethics and productivity go hand in hand. When one is involved in criminal activities, it is evident that the level of his or her productivity can be questioned (Blumstein & Nakamura, 2009). It has become a norm for the society to try and look if one is associated with shady dealings in the past. The norm has been essential in two different ways. The first way is associated with the aspect of making sure that the people who are engaged in business activities are people with a good reputation and trustworthy (Harris & Keller, 2005). The second way is associated with the influence that the background check has on the members of the society. Most members of the society try as much as they can to avoid engaging in criminal activities because such can affect their future and that promotes a norm of avoiding and staying away from crime.
References
Blumstein, A., & Nakamura, K. (2009). Redemption in the presence of widespread criminal background checks. Criminology, 47(2), 327-359.
Harris, P. M., & Keller, K. S. (2005). Ex-offenders need not apply: The criminal background checks in hiring decisions. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21(1), 6-30.
Concerns
Areas that Need Work
Criteria
Standards for This Performance
Strengths
Evidence.
Running head: CRIME ANALYSIS 1
CRIME ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY 2
Crime analysis is a function that usually involves the systemic analysis in identifying as well as analyzing the crime patterns and trends. Crime analysis is very important for law enforcement agencies as it helps law enforcers effectively deploy the available resources in a better and effective manner, which enables them to identify and apprehend suspects. Crime analysis is also very significant when it comes to arriving at solutions devised to come up with the right solution to solve the current crime problem and issues as well as coming up with the right prevention strategies. Since the year 2014, crime rates in the USA have increased steadily as per a study done by USAFacts, which is a non-partisan initiative (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). With this increase in crime rates, which has majorly resulted in massive growth in technology, it is essential to come up with better means and ways of dealing with the increased crime rates. With the current advancement in technology, better law enforcement tools developed, which has enabled better crime deterrence in better and efficient ways. All this has been facilitated by the efforts of crime analysts who have come up with better tools and thus enabling the law enforcers to better deal with the crimes (Osborne & Wernicke, 2013). In this paper, I will consider the application of crime analysis technology and techniques in fighting crimes. Application of crime analysis technology and techniques used to make crime analysis more accurate and efficient.
Currently, the two technological tools that are used in predictive policing software have enabled security agencies to effectively use predictive policing ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). Application of this software has enabled better crime prevention as with data obtained in the previous crimes have been used to predict possible future severe crimes in a specific area.
Through the adoption and use of crime analysis, law enforcement agencies have been able to fight against crimes as when compared with the past effectively. The use of crime analysis comes at the right time, where there has been an increase in crime rates in the current digital error. In a survey done by Wynyard group in 2015, the study revealed that for every 10 law enforcement officials 9 of them believe that the use of current technology in crime analysis has had positive effects in helping the agencies in solving crimes as they can identify essential links and trends in crimes ("Crime Analysis: Fighting Crime with Data," 2017). In the same way, other sectors have benefited from data analysis with spreadsheets, databases, and mapping, law enforcers have been able to use data analysis to come up with a better decision. Crime analysis ha.
Running Head CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS .docxtodd271
Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
CRIMINOLOGY USE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 2
In the wake of technological advances, the use of computers has played a major role especially in criminal justice (Moriarty, (2017). This paper has focused on the use of computer application technologies in criminology and the potential it has in legal systems. From enabling easy access for witnesses to search for accused peoples’ photographs on the screen and go through the whole court procedural activities. Moreover, criminals’ records can be monitored using databases and it is easy to make a follow-up on crimes they have committed in the past and the charges against them. Forensics can also be conducted and investigations can now be carried out easily and very fast. Also, when one is linked to cases, they can be easily identified using forensics and fingerprints. Portable laptops have also helped police officers in getting information and any important details related to a crime at any place without having to go back to their working stations. James (2017), argues that unlike in the past, investigations are done faster due to internet connections and ease of communication between community members and investigative officers through the use of phone gadgets.
Computers have broad variance in usage which has been enhanced by computer applications. For instance, massive record keeping systems have relied for reference on criminal accounts, case records and unresolved warranties. Incorporation of technology in criminology has just made the career easy and also improved livelihoods. Many police units now use computerized applications to keep up with the ever-rising crimes. There are different applications being used nowadays, from mobile technology, to use in-car computers, CCTV camera installations and also software such as the Computer Aided Dispatch. Investigators often use programmed record management systems to monitor information they obtain and guard it properly. With the current technology, it is possible to detect impending crimes, track stolen goods and the culprits, tell which time a crime occurred and also who committed it and where.
Computer applications:
1. In-Car Computer installations in police cars.
Blumstein (2018), contends that this application that allows traffic patrol police to effectively carry out their activities especially when vehicles violate traffic rules. In the current world, things are drifting toward being more computerized than handwritten (Maxfield & Babbie, 2014). Thus event arrest reports are being typed. It also means that after traffic references are written down, they are generated by the computers installed duplicating a copy to the person who breaks the rules. This is seen to reduce paperwork and improve the efficiency of police officers' work.
2. Computer Aided Dispatch
In the past, correspondents would use hand.
Running Head CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES .docxtodd271
Running Head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES 1
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES AND PROTECTION 5
Doctor of Business Administration- Finance
Track- ADRP
Flexible Design Methods
Critical Analysis of the Whistleblower incentives and protection: Are a way of applying investment banking incentives to control management unethical and illegal practices
Introduction
Whistleblower incentives and protection refers to the monetary reward as well as protection which the United States Government offers to the individuals who exposes certain wrongdoings in the community more especially in government institutions. The Federal law requires the government to reward the whistleblowers a certain percentage of money that is recovered following their tips of exposing the wrongdoing acts. This percentage may go up to 30 percent of the total recovered money. In this paper, I will critically analyze whether Whistleblower Incentives and Protection are ways of applying investment banking incentives to control management unethical and illegal practices. And maybe are the whistleblowers rewarded accordingly in terms of security and money.
Problem Statement
What happened?? This is not anything like what was approved or what was in the white paper. Follow the instructions and make a paragraph out of the bullet outline problem
The Problem statement, which will be addressed in this paper, is that, whistle blowers are not given adequate incentives and protection resulting in the difficulty of reporting wrongdoing, misconduct and unethical behaviors. According to Andon, et al., (2018), Lack of whistle blower incentives and protection makes it difficult for whistle blowers to report wrongdoing, as they feel insecure. “The current whistle blowing system is not effective and therefore does not provide the basis for investigation of corruption cases and any misconduct within a company (Ballan, 2017). In support of Ballan’s views on the whistle blowing system, Keith, Todd & Oliver, (2016) indicated that the managers aren’t empowered to sanction employees involved in unethical behaviors because of lack of whistle blower incentives which are reinforced by the Federal laws.
Specifically, failure of finance department to offer adequate whistleblowers incentives as well as protection within the investment – banking sector in the United States. As per Keith, Todd & Oliver, (2016), in their recent research, they recommended that the finance department in any organization is a very critical area that can determine the overall performance of an organization. Failure to provide whistleblower incentives and protection to finance staff makes it difficult for them to report unethical behaviors.
Research Questions
What happened here? Where is the list of approved RQs Where are the numbers
It’s important to note that integrity and corruption free environment can be enhanced if specifically the involved organizations are audited or watch.
Running head CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH ARTICLES .docxtodd271
Running head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH ARTICLES 1
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RESEARCH ARTICLES 10
Critical Appraisal of Research Articles on Evidence-Based Practice
Name
Institution
Course
Date
Critical Appraisal of Research Articles on Evidence-Based Practice
Full APA formatted citation of the selected article
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Barakat-Johnson M., Lai M., Wand T. & White K. (2019). A qualitative study of the thoughts and experiences of hospital nurses providing pressure injury prevention and management. Collegian, 26(1), 95-102.
Park S. H., Lee Y. S. and Kwon, Y. M. (2016). Predictive validity of pressure ulcer risk assessment tools for the elderly: A meta-analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(4), 459-483.
Boyko T., Longaker M. T., and Yang G. (February 1, 2018). Review of the current management of Pressure Ulcers. Journal of Advances in Wound Care, vol. 7, issue No. 2. Pages 57-67.
Ferris, A., Price, A., & Harding K. (2019). Pressure ulcers in patients receiving palliative care: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 33(7), 770-782.
Level of evidence of the article
Level 4 evidence. The article provides a summary of the individual thoughts and experiences regarding the issue of pressure ulcers
Level 2 evidence. The information comes from the meta-analysis of all the relevant and randomized, as well as the controlled trials.
Level 1 evidence. The article offers evidence from the systematic review of the randomized as well as the controlled trials from the experiments.
Level 1 evidence. The information is evidence from the systematic reviews of trials that have been relevant and controlled while the researchers were trying to carry out the research.
Conceptual Framework
The theoretical basis that led to the research was an increased number of injuries resulting from pressure ulcers, and this led to the need for having a study to find the ways that were effective for preventing such occurrences.
The theoretical framework that led to this study was that pressure ulcers have become a major challenge and a challenging goal when it came to providing healthcare for pressure ulcer patients. Therefore, it led to the need to have a study that could deal with the challenge.
The theoretical framework that necessitated this research was the incidence of pressure ulcers that were increasing because of the poor and aging population as well as the elderly that were living with incidences of disability.
Pressure ulcers were highly associated with significant mortality and morbidity and high costs of healthcare services, and this led to the need for a study to review the situation.
Design/Method
A qualitative and exploratory design using semi-structured interviews. Sampling was also done and used for obtaining the participants and information from the relevant individuals of the study.
A qualitative study w.
Running Head COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT2COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT2.docxtodd271
Running Head: COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT 2
COMPARATIVE ARGUMENT 2
Shouq Alqu.
CWL 200 SEC 03
Feb / 23 / 2020
Comparative Argumentative Critical analysis
Introduction
Plato’s allegory of the cave is a notion about human perception. Plato argued that knowledge acquired through the senses is just an opinion but for one to acquire knowledge then it must be through philosophical cognitive. Plato gives an analogy of the prisoners tied to some rocks in a cave since they were born. They cannot see anything except shadows of objects carried by people walking in the walkway. Since the prisoners had not seen the real objects ever since they were born, they believe that these shadows are real. Fortunately, one prison escapes from the cave and meets the real world and recognizes that his perception of reality was mistaken. He goes back to the cave and informs the other prisoners what he found. Unfortunately, they don’t believe him (Alam 5).
Overview of Gogol’s Overcoat and Lahiri’s Namesake
The overcoat is a story written by Nikolai Gogol about Akaky Akakievich, an underprivileged government clerk in Russia. Though he is devoted to his work, his hard work goes unrecognized by his colleagues who joke about his overcoat. When his overcoat is worn out he decides to get it fixed but his tailor advises him to get a new one because the old one was beyond repair. His tailor finally makes a new coat for Akaky which makes his colleagues celebrate him by throwing a party for him. His coat does not last long because it is stolen and Akaky’s efforts to get it back do not bear fruit. He dies of fever (Yilmaz 195).
Namesake is a story about Indian immigrants who settle in the US. Soon after, they get a baby boy who is given a temporal pet name by his father: Gogol. When he starts kindergarten Gogol is given his good name, Nikhil, which he rejects and clings to his pet name. But when he grows up Gogol knows the meaning of his name and starts to despise it. At the age of eighteen, he changes his legal name to Nikhil. He becomes acculturated and adopts the American way of life. That way he feels comfortable around his friends and especially the girlfriend. It was after his father’s death that he knew the true meaning of his name and changed it again to Gogol (Jaya 158).
The relevance of Plato’s Allegory of the cave on Gogol’s ‘Overcoat’ and Lahiri’s ‘Namesake’
The most significant insinuation of these stories is how the two main characters change their identity. Both of them were not named after they were born. Coincidentally, their fathers picked their names for them. As the writers of these two stories put it, these two characters could not be given any other names. These two characters are comfortable with their identities just like the prisoners in the cave (Ledbetter 130).
Akaky is afraid of changing his old ways of doing things. He was seen in the same position and place with the same uniform, his overcoat, and this made his supervisors believe that he was born as a r.
Running Head CREATING A GROUP WIKI1CREATING A GROUP WIKI .docxtodd271
Running Head: CREATING A GROUP WIKI 1
CREATING A GROUP WIKI 3
Title: CREATING A GROUP WIKI
Student’s Name:
Institution:
As far as the definition to my words is concerned, metacommunication can be defined as all nonverbal cues experienced by different people. Some of the metacommunications experienced by people include; tone of voice, gestures, facial expression and body language. On matters related to the facial expression, it can be used to show the feelings of the people involved in an incident. However, different people should be encouraged to understand the use of the metacommunication in ensuring that the society is able to operate in an effective manner. Again, gestures can be used in ensuring that communication is enhanced amongst different people. The use of gestures plays important roles in ensuring that different ideas are shared in the best way possible (Hazari, 2019).
On the other hand, evaluative communication can be used for the purposes of causing defensiveness by ensuring that judgment is passed. It is through that whereby majority of the people are enabled to focus on the problem experienced hence making it easy for the right solution to be found. The ability of people to focus on the problem can be used in ensuring that the required solution is identified therefore reducing the issues experienced by the people. However, majority of people should be encouraged to engage in evaluative communication for the purposes of ensuring that the solution to the issues experienced is found (Ma, 2020).
References
Hazari, S., North, A., & Moreland, D. (2019). Investigating pedagogical value of wiki technology. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2), 8.
Ma, Q. (2020). Examining the role of inter-group peer online feedback on wiki writing in an EAP context. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(3), 197-216.
Running Head: MATRILOCAL AND CONJUGAL FAMILY 1
MATRILOCAL AND CONJUGAL FAMILY 3
Title: MATRILOCAL AND CONJUGAL FAMILY
Student’s Name:
Institution:
My first term I chose is matrilocal family. However, matrilocal family is a family whereby the husband goes to live with the family of the wife. This is a culture which allows the man to move to live with the mother and the father in law. As a result, the man is required to change his social life their living according to the cultures of the parents in law (Brown, 2020).
As far as the episode is concerned, the man had to go and hence live with the female’s family. It is through that whereby the man was required to change his lifestyle and hence adapt the live from the female’s family. Moreover, when not controlled, matrilocal family might end up bringing about conflicts amongst the people and their care has to be taken so as to ensure that the cases of misunderstanding are not experienced.
On the other hand, conjugal family is the other term which should be considered in different aspects. However, this is a term in which the marred coup.
Running Head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS 1
CRITICAL ANALYSIS PAPER 7
Critical Analysis Paper #2
Professor McMahon
Waffa Elsayed
HBSE
03-25-2019
Introduction
In this paper, I will argue that “Intimate Partner” is used to represent any inclusive romantic or sexual relationship between two non-biologically-related people. Ideally, these kinds of relationships show lots of love and support for each other. Unfortunately, some people do not act like the ideal condition and abuse their partners cause considerable emotional or physical pain and injury (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). Sometimes abusing behavior brings violence and makes the worse situation ever. Different type of abuses such as emotional abuse, economic abuse, social isolation, physical abuses takes place in case of creating intimate partner violence. Sometimes some people start to stalk their partners with generating a different motive such as anger, hostility, paranoia, and delusion towards their partners (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). One partner verbally threats his/her partner through using emails, text messaging, and social network Internet sites. In 2012, 4th February, a 21-year-old California boyfriend had bound legs of his girlfriend with tape and threatened her with pointing a gun towards her and beaten her, and kept her for nine days. This situation occurred as the girl received a text message from another man on her cellphone (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). It is clear that technology can lead to intimate partner abuse. In this paper, I will argue that technology in terms of electronic devices can be used as the trigger for more intimate partner violent abuse. Comment by Sarah McMahon: I would suggest having someone review your writing to help improve your ability to convey your ideas. Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am wondering what this means- different from what? From IPV? It seems to me that it is a similar motive so I am unclear. Comment by Sarah McMahon: The purpose of this assignment is: “Develop an argument that compares these types of violence in a specific way(s), such as the root causes, the impact on victims, society's perception of the crime, or our response to the crime. How are they similar or different?” I am not sure your thesis answers that question?
Causes and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Stalking and Electronic Abuse
These days, out of ten women, one lady murdered or badly injured by her intimate partner. Life threatening matters are the most common factor which can create physical violence among intimate partners. Comment by Sarah McMahon: This is not a full sentence. I would suggest having someone proofread your paper as I suggested last time. Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am unclear on what this means. What are the life-threatening matters and what is the most common factor that causes physical violence? If you are talking about the causes of IPV .
Running head: COUNSELOR ETHICS
1
PAGE
7
COUNSELOR ETHICS
Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities
Grand Canyon University: PCN 505
Dr
November 15, 2017
Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities
To be a successful counselor and abide within the ethical and legal guidelines, counselors must take into consideration what is involved in providing sound and ethical judgements. Being a counselor should not be taken lightly, someone is trusting us to provide them with the best care possible and assist in finding solutions that will possibly work for the betterment of their livelihood. Counselors must ensure that their clients confidentiality will not be misused and counselor’s guarantee that appropriate measures are in place to provide a professional, safe, nonjudgmental environment.
Client Rights
Principles of Ethical Practice
There are five key principles of ethical practices, and Davis and Miller (2014), references Kitchener (2000) models on the following five principles:
a.) Autonomy addresses the concept of independence. Counselors should make sure they are not pushing their own values and beliefs onto clients, but rather encourage them to make their own decisions and act within their values. He/She would ensure clients fully understand how their differences may affect others whether positive or negative. He/She would also ensure they are competent to understand the choices they are making are theirs without any other influences. Clients who are children or persons with mental limitations, he/she need to make sure they have a well-informed, competent adult making decisions in their best interest.
b.) Nonmaleficence is the concept of not causing harm to others. Professionals should ensure clients are positively engaged during sessions and are not misconstruing information given to them.
c.) Beneficence shows the responsibility of the counselor contributing to the safety of the client. Incorporate positive outlooks and thinking in sessions. Periodically asking clients about their feelings, depending on the circumstances to make sure they have no intentions on harming themselves and be proactive when necessary.
d.) Justice in counseling means “treating equals equally and unequals unequally” (Davis & Walker, 2016). If I am providing services to two clients who are depressed. One is depressed and suicidal and the other client is not, more attention would be devoted to the client who is suicidal, and the proper steps would be taken to ensure the client does no harm to himself.
e.) Fidelity includes being, loyal, faithful and committed. Maintaining and having trust within the client-counselor relationship is crucial to successful progress, once that trust is broken, the client may leave and seek treatment elsewhere, or worse harm themselves or others. Clients need to be able to talk to about their feelings no matter how bad they think their situation is.
(Davis & Miller, 2016).
Informed Consent Process
Informed consent .
Running Head COMMUNICATION TRAINING PLANCOMMUNICATION TR.docxtodd271
Running Head: COMMUNICATION TRAINING PLAN
COMMUNICATION TRAINING PLAN
Communication Training Plan
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliations
Company Culture and Communication Obstacle
Northwest Valley Community College has a culture of providing the best learning environment to its students and ensuring that school staff communicate effectively without experiencing unauthorized access to their data and information. Also, its culture is ingrained in ensuring its students are working in an environment that is healthy and safe. The management of Northwest Community understands the importance of having a healthy learning environment and effective communication network inside and outside the school premises. As such, Kelsey Elementary school is setting up measures to implement a detailed communication training plan for staff and students to gain information safety skills.
This plan will be developed by a strategic communication team selected by the school. This plan will be designed in a way that it provides a framework to manage and coordinate communication among the students, instructors and parents. The plan will identify efficient communication channels, standards, appropriate audience, and frequency. This plan will require a shared responsibility among management, students, communication team and students. After the implementation of this communication plan, the team will measure its effectiveness to ensure it meets the expected objectives and goals.
Needs and Tasks Analysis
Northwest Valley Community Collwgw communication team will conduct a needs and analysis task to determine the training needs. The management will be able to know who needs the training and the kind of training required. The following are the steps the company will use to conduct training needs analysis.
· Organizational Analysis: The school management should work with the teachers to identify the priorities of student training. In this case, the management will conduct an evaluation to ensure the training goes hand-in-hand with the school’s goals and objectives.
· Secondly, the management will list specific types of communication channels to be utilized within the school environment. Also, they will specify the skills and competencies needed by employees to ensure they clearly understand how to utilize these communication channels. By doing this, they will have a solid foundation on who should conduct the training and how it should be conducted. (Liaw, 2014)
· The last step will involve the identification of staff members who need to undergo communication training. However, since it is a learning institution, every staff member and students will be subject to training.
Research Technique
Northwest Valley management has decided to implement an external training program to address the training plan. Therefore, they need to identify and understand the organization’s communication training needs. As such, they should start by hiring an e.
Running head Commitment to Professionalism1Commitment to Prof.docxtodd271
Running head: Commitment to Professionalism 1
Commitment to Professionalism
3
Commitment to Professionalism
Your Name
Course Number & Title
Instructor's Name
Month Day, Year
Commitment to Professionalism
Advocating for _________
Identify the focus of your advocacy efforts and give an example of an issue you would like to address as an advocate. You may want to start off with something like: A great passion of mine is to advocate for __________ because___________. Research shows that this is a critical issue______________.
In the next few paragraphs be sure to:
· Identify one individual or group (local policy maker, state-level legislator, corporate leader, etc.) that you can contact for support of your issue and provide a rationale for choosing this individual/group.
· Describe the strategies you would use to gain the support needed for this issue through individual advocacy.
· Describe the strategies you would use to attract the support needed for this issue through collective advocacy.
· Create two talking points (as discussed in Chapter 13) using one concrete example (refer to key term in chapter reading for precise definition) for each point to demonstrate the importance of the issue. These talking points should be appropriate to use when talking to legislators or the media about the issue for which you are advocating.
Commitment to the Profession
In this section be sure to
· Describe how you will advocate on behalf of young children, their families, and the profession.
· Describe how you will support the development of future practitioners and leaders in the field.
· Referring to to Figure 13.1 “A Professional Continuum” and describe how your efforts will support the field away from unskilled workers and toward paradigm professionals.
Don’t forget specific details, examples, and citations to help you get a top grade
References (Text and at least TWO outside sources)
Ashford Textbook (Online edition): *
Author, A. (Year published). Title of book: Subtitle of book (edition, if other than the first) [Electronic version]. Retrieved from from URL
Example:
Witt, G. A., & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult development and life assessment [Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/books/4
Online Journal Article (such as from the Ashford Library):**
Author, A. (Year Published). Article title. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. doi:# or Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL
**When including a URL for an online journal, you must search for the journal’s home page and include this in your reference entry. You may not include the URL found through your university library, as readers will not have access to this library.
Examples:
Churchill, S. D., & Mruk, C. J. (2014). Practicing what we preach in humanistic and positive psychology. American Psychologist, 69(1), 90-92. doi:10.1037/a0034868
Santovec, M. (2008). Easing the transition improves grad retention at Trinity U. Women in Higher Education, 17(10), 32. Retr.
Running head: COVER LETTER 1
5
Cover Letter for Grant Proposal
Pasqualina L. Anderson
Walden University
HUMN 6207-3, Grant Writing
Dr. Frances Mills
January 17, 2019
Abstract
The homeless population in communities across the United States is vulnerable to physical and mental illnesses, largely due to a lack of medical treatment resources and harsh environmental conditions. Rehabilitation centers and programs aimed at closing the gap between this population’s lack of resources and medical needs can help address many of the problems this population faces. Social programs aimed at reducing homelessness or intervening in the lives of homeless populations do not necessarily extend beyond providing food, shelter, and a means to economically transition from being homeless to being a non-homeless member of society. Mental illness is one of the barriers to economic sustainability and sustenance that have been recorded in this population. The aim of the proposed program is to offer a means of treatment for this population, using a sample size of 20. Another vital aim of the program is to examine the correlation between the homeless population, their environmental circumstances, and mental illness. It is the program leaders’ hope that the program’s analyzation of the data will lead to new intervention, treatment methods, and deep understanding of how mental illness plays a role in homelessness.
Keywords: homelessness, mental illness, intervention treatments
Cover Letter
To Whom It May Concern,
An estimated 500,000 individuals are homeless in our community and are at risk of developing serious, uncontrollable health issues (Rogers, 2018). Our grant proposal’s main objective is to improve the well-being of the homeless population within our community. Besides physical ailments and diseases that may impact the homeless population, mental health issues and challenges will need to be addressed as part of this proposal. Specifically, our project seeks to reduce the prevalence of drug addiction and substance abuse amongst the homeless.
Utilizing a case study research design, our project will aim to analyze data pertaining to the relationship(s) between our community’s homeless population and drug addiction/substance abuse. A sample size of 20 will be selected from the Homeless Health Education Group. The projected timeline for the project is three years. It will focus on providing psychiatric intervention, reduce health problems, and provide mental health care. A rehabilitation center will be established to meet these objectives. Technology assets will be necessary to enhance efficiency and collect data reports from the 20 members of the sample population (Gitilin & Lyons, 2014; Marchewka, 2014).
Management and oversight will need to be incorporated into the proposal to ensure the project achieves its mission (Burke, 2013). The project’s projected budget expenditures total $1.638 million and its projected revenues total approx.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Running head EVALUATION OFNEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 1 .docx
1. Running head: EVALUATION OFNEIGHBORHOOD WATCH
PROGRAM 1
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM
Abstract
There has been little work on the evaluation of neighborhood
watch programs in the past. However,
scholars and policy makers have increasingly shown interest in
identifying whether neighborhood
watch programs are effective. The studies conducted in the past
have limitations which make them
unable to precisely measure the effectiveness of neighborhood
watch programs. In response to
2. EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 2
that, this paper proposes an elaborate evaluation technique
which can assist in accurately
determining the effectiveness of the existing neighborhood
watch programs. The paper does not
ignore the previous studies but instead explores them with the
aim of offering theoretical
background of the programs and also explores the proposed
techniques with the objective of
presenting a reliable and appropriate method of assessment.
Introduction
Neighborhood watch is also called neighborhood crime watch or
crime watch. It refers to the
organization of civilians into a group which is devoted to crime
or vandalism prevention within
their respective neighborhood. Neighborhood watch programs
aim at achieving a wide range of
objectives related to the security of their neighborhood. Some
of the objectives of this program
involve the educating community on security and safety of the
neighborhood and establishing
3. means of maintaining a safety neighborhood. This program
usually cooperate with law
enforcement agencies in such a way that if the neighborhood
watch group identifies a criminal
they are expected to inform the authorities and not to engage. It
is this attribute of the group that
differentiates it from vigilante groups.
In the United States there are numerous neighborhood watch
groups and Rosenbaum (1988),
estimated that 20% of American residents were involved in the
neighborhood watch activities by
1988. The organization and agenda of these groups vary but
they all maintain that their main
objectives are related to the promotion of secure neighborhood
and crime reduction. Current
systems of Neighborhood watch programs trace their origin
back in 1960. According to
Rasenberger (2006), the shocking events of the murder and rape
of Kitty Genovese compelled the
people to organize themselves into crime prevention groups.
Ever since the Neighborhood Watch
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 3
4. programs have developed nationwide with the assistance of the
National Sheriff's Association.
Various scholars have presented various analyses of these
programs with the aim of identifying
whether the programs are effective. These evaluations have
applied various approaches with some
having limitations which negatively influenced the results
obtained. This paper seeks to present a
reliable method of evaluating the programs with the aim of
shaping and improving them.
Different Neighborhood Watch groups operate differently and
the manner in which they operate
has significant impact on the community. Since they operate
within the area of expertise of the law
enforcement agencies, their actions also have implication on
crime prevention strategies of the
authorities. Therefore, the evaluation of this group will not only
improve the way they operate but
will also create a new understanding of crime prevention
strategies from the perspective of both
the authorities and neighborhood watch programs. This paper
seeks to pursue the line of reasoning
that an effective evaluation of neighborhood watch programs
can help identify an appropriate
5. framework in which these groups can operate and to establish a
constructive interaction of law
enforcement agencies and the neighborhood watch programs.
Evaluation of a program is supposed
to be an ongoing process, in the sense that one evaluation
creates a new platform on which other
evaluations can base their research. This will create a way in
which a better way of evaluating the
program can be established. Therefore, the outcome of this
paper is of great importance because it
can facilitate the establishment of a new paradigm through
which other future evaluations can
follow. Future evaluations can also improve ways through
which constructive criticism of the
approach presented in this article.
The paper seeks to explore ways through which the program in
question can be evaluated in order
to shape its operation. It explores a wide range of scholars who
evaluated the program in the past
as a means of giving the theoretical background of the program.
The aim of conducting such a
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 4
6. research is to present the academic background of the program
in order to provide a vivid
understanding of the theoretical framework of the program and
to create an appropriate model
which can be applied in a wide range of neighborhoods. In the
first section the paper gives various
reviews of different scholars regarding the topic in question.
This section will give the theory
which connects to the program or its desired goals. The second
section of the paper gives the
proposed methods of research which can apply in the evaluation
and it is in this section that the
study variables are presented and the methods of data collection
are elaborated. The third section
gives the conclusion derived from the given analysis of the
proposed method of evaluation as well
as the recommendations which emerge from the evaluation. The
evaluation of the program seeks
to answer critical questions regarding the program. Are
neighborhood watch programs effective?
What can be done to improve neighborhood watch programs?
What models can be applied in the
organization of the model?
7. Literature Review
It is important to note that previous studies have been
conducted to answer the research questions
presented in this paper. This was necessitated by the need to
comprehend the roles that
neighborhood watch program play in the national security.
Therefore, these scholars have tried to
analyze the modern neighborhood watch program ever since
1960s
The effectiveness of neighborhood watch programs can be
measured effectively only if the
objectives of the program are precisely identified. This can aid
in measuring the discrepancy
between the theoretical foundation of the program and what it
actually achieves. Laycock & Tilley
(1995) stated that neighborhood watch groups are supposed to
be the "eyes and ears" of law
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 5
enforcement agencies. The members are supposed to observe the
activities of the community and
8. to report any suspicious activities to the police. Therefore, their
operations should be evaluated by
looking at the consistency of how they report to the law
enforcement agencies and the number of
crimes prevented by the authority with the help of the
neighborhood watch programs. Laycock &
Tilley et al. concluded that neighborhood watch programs have
contributed in the reduction of
crimes, notably burglary. However, it cannot be discerned how
this program contributed in crime
prevention or how the implementations were carried to secure
the community.
It is also worth noting that neighborhood watch groups have a
wide range of characters because
they apply different models. This is because there is no general
accepted way of operation for these
groups. Therefore, these groups also register wide range of
results based on the methods they
adopt. According to Bennett (1988), a good number of
neighborhood watch groups registered high
level of effectiveness but there was also a good number of them
whose effectiveness was not
observed. In fact, in some areas which had neighborhood watch
groups, the level of crime
9. increased. This was attributed to poor implementation and weak
designs of the specified programs.
In the case of rural areas, neighborhood watch has been seen to
greatly reduce the fear of crime
and also contribute to the improvement of relationship between
the authority and the local people
(Yarwood & Edwards 1995). The main characteristics of the
rural neighborhood watch are the
existence of high level of voluntary action and commitment.
Although all neighborhood watch
programs are based on the basis of voluntary action, the levels
of commitments are usually
different. Those with high level of commitment usually register
better performances than those
with low levels of commitment.
The diversity of neighborhood watch programs is not only
limited to the United States but it is also
evident in other countries. Different countries have different
designs and models of neighborhood
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 6
watch programs; therefore, they also registered different levels
10. of effectiveness. Beyer (1993)
gives an elaborate description of how neighborhood watch
programs operate in Victoria, Australia.
The works reveal that the program which was initiated by
Victoria Police force proved to be
extremely effective. The level of coordination between members
of the public and the involved
police officer was good and the results of the scheme favored
both sides. In the United Kingdom,
over a quarter of the population live under neighborhood watch
programs and the schemes have
greatly contributed to crime prevention in these areas (Bennet,
Holloway & Farrington 2006). The
neighborhood watch in the UK are administered through a
coordinator who links the community
and the local law enforcement agencies. This aspect of the
scheme is what really makes it very
effective.
It is generally accepted that neighborhood watch programs
improve security regardless of the
degree. However, it is also obvious that there is also need for
improvement of the program in order
11. to increase the level of effectiveness. Rosenbaum et al pointed
out that if traditional means of
social control do not perform adequately then there was a great
need to improve informal social
control and restore the essence of "neighborhood". Different
scholars have offered different
opinions on how to improve neighborhood watch programs:
atch programs
Mukherjee & Wilson (1987) argued that there was need for
systematic research and development
of database for neighborhood watch programs. This observation
is aligned with Laycock & Tilley
et al who also observe that little study has been done on the
subject in question. This clearly shows
that further and deeper evaluation of the existing programs is
essential for improvement of the
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 7
schemes. Evaluation refers to the systemic determination of the
merits, weaknesses and
significance of a program or policy with the aim of ascertaining
the degree of level of achievement
12. with the aim of improving it (Qian, Zhing & Zhao 2016).
Therefore, there should be rigorous
analysis of effectiveness, accountability and efficiency of
neighborhood watch programs across
the country. This will help identify the limitations of the
program, examine its achievement and
the impact it has on both law enforcement agencies and the
community so as to draw a clear
understanding on the significance of the scheme.
model refers to symbolic, physical, graphical or verbal
representation of a concept. It is a simplified
human construct which facilitate the understanding of how the
real world operates. An effective
model is a result of effective study of the program because it is
the evaluation process that
determines the theoretical framework of the program.
program?
In order to determine the most effective model of neighborhood
watch program in any part of the
country, it is important to acknowledge the fact that every
community possess a unique character.
13. Therefore, the model should accommodate the specific character
of the region in question. The
type of crime is also unique to the region; therefore, a lot of
consideration should be put in fitting
the model to the type of crime experienced. There are certain
factors that should be considered
before building a model of neighborhood watch group:
-This could range from increasing
the community role in the
prevention of crime to educating the public on crime and crime
prevention strategies.
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 8
- Identify the appropriate activities of the program
like establishing a
neighborhood watch group, holding neighborhood watch
meetings, conducting nightly
neighborhood watch patrol, police conducting a home security
surveillance upon request
or distributing vital information like crime warnings across
homes.
- These are the specific steps of a program
which have negative or
14. positive impact to the outcome. They could include: number of
residence who volunteer,
number of neighborhood watch meetings, number of crime
prevention presentation
conducted by both neighborhood watch groups and the police
and number of home security
survey made.
- This could include number of crimes
reported to the police or number
of crime that occurred in the designated area according to the
report of the police.
Using the above information, it is advisable to use a process
model in the construction of the
program. It is a description of the process at the type level and
it offers a rough anticipation of
what the process will look like and what will be determined
during the actual system development
(Rolland 1998). According to Songer, Ibbs & Napier (1994),
process model should include:
a. Sequential, concurrent and hierarchical management
activities
b. Management decisions required throughout the process
c. Relationship between activities and processes required to
15. plan the program
Methodology
The nature of the program to be evaluated will require a mixed
method research; the combination
of both quantitative and qualitative methods of evaluation in
order to acquire the most precise
results. Quantitative methods is the empirical analysis of the
observable phenomenon through
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 9
mathematical or statistical techniques. This technique will
enable one to develop the right models
or hypothesis related to the phenomenon under study (Kaplan
2004). Qualitative method explores
the totality of a situation in order to present an understanding of
a phenomenon or a situation. It
seeks to answer the question why? and how? By examining in
depth purposive samples to better
understand a phenomenon (Patton 1990). Combining these two
methods of evaluation will provide
a better understanding than employing one research method. In
this case it will not be appropriate
16. to apply experimental design because it is impossible for the
researchers to maintain control of all
factors which will affect the results of the evaluation.
Therefore, the researcher will not be able to
test the proposed hypothesis so as to reach the desired
conclusion. The evaluation of neighborhood
watch program is an outcome evaluation because it assesses the
effectiveness of the program.
Data collection
First, it is important to note the variables in the evaluation of
the program. The dependent variable
in this case is the reported cases of crime by the police. The
construct is measured by assuming
that the reported crime is a valid measure of all crime
committed. The independent variable in this
case is the community and the evaluation will examine the
communities that employ neighborhood
watch programs and those that don't. The control variable in
this case is the law enforcement
agencies. In order to acquire information in areas covered by
the program, there is need to acquire
information from organizations like:
17. am
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 10
These organizations will provide good sources of information
on the rate of crime in areas which
apply the program. The local law enforcement agencies of these
regions are also another unit of
analysis. The study of the two types of unit of analysis:
neighborhood watch programs and the
local police, will provide an understanding under which
conditions the program is most effective.
Another important factor in the evaluation process is the
measurement of goals, variables or
outcome of the project. The goal of the program is to reduce
crime as well as educate the
community on crime and crime prevention. The goals of the
program can be measured by relating
them to time. The number of crime reported by the police within
a specified time can be recorded
18. to observe if neighborhood watch reduces the number of crimes
reported. This will measure the
level of achievement in reducing crime. Education of the
community on crime and crime
prevention can be measured by conducting a survey on the
attitude of the community towards
crime and crime prevention. Ordinal measurement can be used
to measure the variables with 1=
Excellent 2=Good 3= Poor. 1 signifies a perfect performance of
the variables 2 is average and 3 is
the poorest performances.
Sampling and Survey methods
The process of selecting samples from the target population is
the most crucial in the data
collection method. This is because it is the methods of sampling
that will determine the results
acquired in the evaluation. In this case the population under
study is too large; therefore, one should
carefully select the chosen samples which will be an accurate
representation of the entire
population. A carefully selected samples will result to a more
reliable conclusion. Since the
objective of the evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of the
19. neighborhood watch programs in
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 11
reducing crime, it is important to utilize data collected from
crime database like National Crime
Information Center (NCIC). This will enable the evaluator to
identify areas which record high
level of crimes. The crime under study should be reduced to
burglary because most neighborhood
watch programs only focus on the protection of homes and not
the pursuit of all crimes. The areas
with the highest level of burglaries and lowest number of
burglaries should be identified. This
should represent the targeted population and sampling should be
done from these areas not the
entire country.
Data can be collected through web based questionnaire and
paper based questionnaire. Web based
questionnaire can be sent to the official of local authority and
neighborhood watch program. They
can fill the questionnaire and send it back to the evaluators.
Paper based questionnaire can be sent
20. through the postal mail to selected members of the community
and incentive can be provided to
them in order to increase the response rate. In order to
maximize the rate of response rate, it is
advisable to conduct interview through telephone. This can help
in obtaining information from
leaders of local neighborhood watch groups.
Advantages of proposed sources
1) Web based questionnaire is cost effective because it does not
require a lot of labor. The
only cost of conducting web based survey is establishing an
Internet model which connects
the evaluators and the targeted population.
2) The web based survey saves on time because the evaluator
receives response immediately
they are completed by the evaluaee.
3) Paper based survey is able to reach those who lack the
essential computer literacy;
therefore, they increase the response rate which will be helpful
in the analysis process.
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 12
21. Disadvantages of proposed sources
1) Web based survey requires high level of expertise in the
creation of the Internet model.
The evaluators also require to have high level of training
regarding the operation of the
Internet models
2) Paper based survey is expensive and requires a lot of labor. It
is also time consuming and
will delay the whole evaluation process.
Data analysis
Data analysis is a vigorous process of inspecting, cleansing,
transforming and modelling data with
the objective of obtaining vital and useful information from the
collected data and supporting
decision making. In this case data analysis should encompass
both quantitative and qualitative
analysis methods. The qualitative analysis method assigns
specific qualities to the data collected
through academic research. This will help in creating a
theoretical background of the
understanding which arises from the collected data. Application
of content analysis is appropriate
22. because it gives the research a sense of direction. It is essential
in the analysis of qualitative data
because it facilitates easy transformation of qualitative data into
quantitative data and helps in
making inferences about the content of the recorded text
(Holsti, 1969).
The evaluation of neighborhood watch programs depends on the
diverse narration obtained.
Therefore, it is advisable to apply narrative analysis in order to
precisely identify the kind of tales
told about the program and the actual representation of the
program in the society. Identification
of the tales of the program will allow the evaluator to formulate
the generalization of concepts,
structure and attitude of the program.
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 13
Quantitative analysis is also important to simplify the concepts
and the data collected. Statistical
findings can be presented in a table in order to give the
evaluator the pattern of the crime pattern
in the areas which apply neighborhood watch program. It is
prudent to collect historical annual
23. data of the last 10 years and tabulate it. The numerical data of
the different regions can be
represented in a graph as a way of simplifying the explanation
of the collected data.
Conclusion
From the analysis of the propose method of evaluation, there are
vital information which arises
that are significant in the actual work of evaluation. These
information are the product of the
understanding obtained from the above analysis. It is worth
noting that the above analysis, brings
out the understanding that the main objective of an evaluation
process it to offer a rigorous analysis
of a program with the aim of improving it. In this case, the
evaluation seeks to analyze the
effectiveness of neighborhood watch program so as to improve
it. This is aligned with the
observation of Del & Gaster (2002) who argued that evaluation
is an invaluable tool for
improvement of a program because it enables the reflection and
assessment of a program for future
benefit. This understanding helps to dictate how the evaluator
should conduct the evaluation
24. process. The main concern of the evaluator should be to
maintain objectivity throughout the
research, identify the merits, weaknesses of the program in
order to arrive at a better understanding
of the program.
Another understanding which arises from the above analysis is
that data collection and analysis
are the most vital because they determine which kind of results
the evaluator will obtain. Therefore,
a lot of emphasis should be put in these processes in order to
avoid evaluation errors. Errors can
be minimized by diversifying the sources of information and
methods of acquiring these data.
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 14
Error refers to the differences between the value obtained from
the collected data and the true value
of the population. For example, in the above analysis, the total
number of burglaries are equated
to the number of burglaries reported by the police. It should be
noted that the number of burglaries
reported could only represent a fraction of the total number of
burglaries which occur. This is
25. because there are others which go unreported; therefore, the
evaluator should seek an alternative
source of data which can offer another record of total number of
burglaries and the evaluator can
use empirical data to compare the two types of data. In the
process of analysis, the evaluator should
avoid being bias or formulating immature assumption which can
limit the results. Mathematical
formulae like the standard distribution of errors can be applied
to precisely calculate and reduce
the errors.
Recommendations
There are certain recommendations which may arise after the
evaluation of the program is
conducted. These recommendations are:
neighborhood watch programs
in order to draw a general idea of why they were established. It
is widely accepted that
neighborhood watch groups have a wide range of agendas;
therefore, evaluating the
effectiveness of these groups with a generalized idea could lead
to inaccurate results. A
26. closer look of their objectives should be considered in order to
effectively analyze their
outcome.
these neighborhood watch
programs and the kind of interactions they have with the local
law enforcement agencies.
This can help identify what determines the effectiveness of
these groups.
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 15
REFERENCES:
Bennett, T. (1988). An assessment of the design,
27. implementation and effectiveness of
Neighbourhood Watch in London. The Howard Journal of
Criminal Justice, 27(4), 241-
255. Retrieved on April 29 2017 from
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 16
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Trevor_Bennett2/publicati
on/229787325_An_Assessment_
of_the_Design_Implementation_and_Effectiveness_of_Neighbo
urhood_Watch_in_Lond
on/links/5729359f08ae2efbfdb7f160.pdf
Bennett, T., Holloway, K., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Does
neighborhood watch reduce crime?
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental
Criminology, 2(4), 437-
458. Retrieved on April 29 2017 from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Trevor_Bennett2/publicati
on/226861242_Does_neighborho
od_watch_reduce_crime_A_systematic_review_and_meta-
analysis/links/560024eb08aeafc8ac8c4dba.pdf
Beyer, L. R. (1993). Community Policing: Lessons from
28. Victoria. Canberra: Australian Institute
of Criminology. Retrieved on April 29 2017 from
https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/abstractdb/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?i
d=151221
Del Tufo, S., & Gaster, L. (2002). Evaluation of the
Commission on Poverty, Participation and
Power. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Retrieved on April
29 2017 from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.500.1
144&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Holsti, O. R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences
and humanities. Retrieved on April
29 2017 from
http://admn502awiki.pbworks.com/Content-and-Discourse-
Analysis
Kaplan, D. (2004). The Sage handbook of quantitative
methodology for the social sciences. Sage.
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Trevor_Bennett2/publicati
on/229787325_An_Assessment_of_the_Design_Implementation
_and_Effectiveness_of_Neighbourhood_Watch_in_London/links
/5729359f08ae2efbfdb7f160.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Trevor_Bennett2/publicati
on/229787325_An_Assessment_of_the_Design_Implementation
_and_Effectiveness_of_Neighbourhood_Watch_in_London/links
30. Laycock, G., & Tilley, N. (1995). Policing and neighbourhood
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Home Office Police Research Group. Retrieved on April 29
2017 from
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ck_Tilley_1995.pdf
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research
methods. SAGE Publications, inc.
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http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1990-97369-000
Qian, X., Xu, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhao, W. (2016, November).
Novel Method for Organizational
Evaluation and Practice Based on Big Data Analysis. In
Proceedings of the 2016 8th
International Conference on Information Management and
Engineering (pp. 30-35). ACM.
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http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3012268
Rasenberger, J. (2006). Nightmare on Austin street. American
Heritage Publishing Company,
Incorporated.
http://www.americanheritage.com/content/nightmare-austin-
street
31. Rolland, C. (1998). A comprehensive view of process
engineering. In Advanced information
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IifuFrZ&sig=zYnJotWAyQL0ewlXGP2BtDQq8KY&redir_esc=y
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http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3012268
http://www.americanheritage.com/content/nightmare-austin-
street
EVALUATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD WATCH PROGRAM 18
https://hal.archives-
ouvertes.fr/docs/00/70/79/40/PDF/CREWS_del_-_CAiSE98_-
_Inv_Rolland.pdf
32. Songer, A. D., Ibbs, C. W., & Napier, T. R. (1994). Process
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9364(1994)120:4(857)
Yarwood, R., & Edwards, B. (1995). Voluntary action in rural
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_Inv_Rolland.pdf
https://hal.archives-
ouvertes.fr/docs/00/70/79/40/PDF/CREWS_del_-_CAiSE98_-
_Inv_Rolland.pdf
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-
9364(1994)120:4(857)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/074301679500
0305
Paper Topic: Immigration Reform
33. Please follow the techers guided instruction and grading rubic
to the T.
(
Required Textbook:
Joseph S.
Wholey
, Harry P.
Hatry
, and Kathryn E. Newcomer, editors,
Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation
, Latest Edition (4
th
). San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass/Wiley Imprint,
N.B. Supplemental reading materials will be provided by the
instructor
Additional Resources:
The Evaluation Exchange:
http://www.hfrp.org/evaluation/the-evaluation-exchange
The Evaluation Exchange is a periodical that contains emerging
strategies for evaluating programs and policies, particularly
those focused on children, families, and communities.
)
Paper Proposal, Thesis Exercise and Research Questions: Prior
to writing your evaluation proposal. You must submit a 1- page
paper proposal (double spaced) describing your project. You
will also be required to complete a thesis exercise that will help
to build a proper thesis and develop the research questions
(form embedded in this syllabus).
Policy or Program Evaluation Proposal (30% of course grade):
Students will select a policy or program to be evaluated, either
from the list which follows or one of their own choosing. You
34. may consider a topic that is applicable to your capstone project.
All policy/program topics must be approved by the instructor.
Then, students will describe how they would plan/propose to
evaluate the policy or program by employing the methods,
techniques, etc., which are covered in the course. Do not
evaluate the policy or program, you are only expected to
describe how you would go about evaluating the policy or
program. The proposal must be 10-15 typed, double-spaced
pages in length with standard one-inch margins all around and
12-point font. Otherwise, general formatting should follow APA
style. Cover page and reference pages do not count towards the
10-15-page requirement. The instructor's evaluation of each
proposal will be based on the elements of the preparation
guidelines included in this syllabus.
Topic: Immigration reform
Your proposal should address the following questions or issues.
In all cases, defend or justify your answers or procedures,
especially with specific references to relevant concepts, ideas,
or passages in the assigned readings for the course, as well as to
the references which you may have found in your library search.
This assignment is not based on opinions, therefore academic
sources must be utilized, and it ought to be written in the third
person.
Preparation Guidelines for the Policy/Program Evaluation
Proposal
Each of the items in BOLD must be listed as a heading or a sub-
heading in your evaluation proposal. If a question/issue does
not apply, please explain why. The final product must include
the following:
· Cover Page (consult an APA style guide)
· Abstract (no more than 1 page, gives a brief overview of the
contents of your paper,
the abstract is written last after you have completed your entire
paper)
35. · Introduction (2-3 pages in length)
O Include your thesis statement in first or second paragraph.
· Describe or summarize the policy or program which you
intend to evaluate.
· What are the goals or desired outcomes of the policy or
program?
· Why are the goals or outcomes important?· Include your
research questions at the end of the introduction.
· Literature Review (3-5 pages in length)
· This section of your paper corresponds directly to your
research questions. Each question should be reflected in sub-
headings in your literature review. If you don’t have a research
question about “it” don’t include “it” in your paper.
· How have other researchers attempted to evaluate the policy
or program? What were their conclusions? What might be
replicated in your evaluation?
· What theory or theories connect the policy or program to its
goals or desired outcomes?
· Methodology (2-4 pages in length, this is how you are going to
evaluate this program/policy in the future)
O Of all the evaluation techniques you have learned in the
course which one will you use
to evaluate your policy or program?
· Is an experimental design relevant to your evaluation? If so,
how? What form? If not, why not?
· Is your evaluation a process evaluation or an outcome
evaluation? Why? How?
· What are the principal components of your evaluation design?·
Study Variables
· Name your dependent, independent, and control variables.·
Data Collection
· Name your unit(s) of analysis.
· How do you propose to measure the factors, variables, goals,
or outcomes which are relevant to your evaluation?
· What are the advantages and disadvantages of your proposed
measures?· Sampling and Survey Instruments
36. · What are the principal sources of data and information which
you propose to employ?
· What are the advantages and disadvantages of your proposed
sources?· Data Analysis
· How do you propose to analyze and to interpret the data and
information which you collect? In other words, how will your
analysis and/or interpretation show that the policy or program
goals or outcomes have or have not been achieved?
· Conclusion (2-3 pages in length)
O Analyze what you have learned and inform the reader.
· What policy or programmatic recommendations might emerge
from your evaluation?
· References (must be in APA style, not all citation generation
programs will produce a correct APA reference page, you must
double check)
Note please see teachers comments of this thesis file submitted
before starting paper;
Tecahers comments: So your stance is that all immigration
reforms in the US are to discourage and decrease illegal
immigration. You will need specific policy or programs that
speak to this. For example, the child separation policy. The
although statement then needs to disagree with your stance and
you need a because statement that validates your stance. You
are on the right track just drill down on the specifics.
A Thesis Development Micro Theme
37. Questions
Example: Responses for a Science Topic
Example: Responses for a History Topic
Your Response
What is your topic?
Effectiveness of cystic fibrosis drugs.
U.S. culpability for not bombing and destroying the Nazi
concentration camp at Auschwitz.
Immigration Reform
What is your stance on the topic? State this in a complete
sentence.
Tobramycin is the most efficient drug in treating cystic fibrosis.
The United States could not have effectively targeted and
destroyed Auschwitz directly.
Immigration reforms in the US are much focused on
decreasing/discouraging illegal immigrants.
Why do you [think] this? State your reasons in a “because”
clause.
Because it directly kills problem-causing bacteria, is easy to
administer, and can be used on small children safely.
Because the United States lacked the technological precision
and intelligence necessary to destroy the camp’s death houses
without also destroying many or most of the Jewish captives.
Because much of the efforts done by the government are
focused towards preventing illegal immigrants from gaining
access to the united states and prosecuting those that have
already gained access.
Now why would someone disagree with this? Use an “although”
clause to state this opposing opinion.
Although drugs like Pulmozyme have the same effects with a
different mechanism of decreasing the thickness of lung
38. mucous,
Although the United States possessed sufficient firepower and
information to attack Auschwitz’s industrial sector,
Although the government has launched initiatives to document
all illegal immigrants and increase legal immigration.
“Although” clause
+
Stance on topic
+
“Because” clause
=
Complete thesis statement (may need to be revised or
simplified)
Although drugs like Pulmozyme have the same effects with a
different mechanism of decreasing the thickness of lung
mucous, Tobromycin is the most efficient drug in treating cystic
fibrosis because it directly kills problem-causing bacteria, is
easy to administer, and can be used small children safely.
Although the United States possessed sufficient firepower and
information to attack Auschwitz’s industrial sector, it could not
have effectively targeted and destroyed Auschwitz directly
because it lacked the technological precision and intelligence
necessary to destroy the camp’s death houses without also
destroying many or most of the Jewish captives.
Although the government has launched initiatives to document
all illegal immigrants and increase legal immigration,
Immigration reforms in the US are much focused on
decreasing/discouraging illegal immigrants. Because much of
the efforts done by the government are focused towards
preventing illegal immigrants from gaining access to the united
states and prosecuting those that have already gained access.
Chart from Hedengren, Beth Finch. A TA’s Guide to Teaching
Writing in All Disciplines. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. 39-40.
39. Research Questions: Developed from the thesis/problem
statement and testable.
1. Over the years, how have immigration reforms in the United
States changed?
2. What efforts have been taken by the government in
immigration reforms?
3. What are the impacts of immigration reforms in the United
States?
Teacher Note about topic: So your stance is that all immigration
reforms in the US are to discourage and decrease illegal
immigration. You will need specific policy or programs that
speak to this. For example, the child separation policy. The
although statement then needs to disagree with your stance and
you need a because statement that validates your stance. You
are on the right track just drill down on the specifics.
Note Please follow below grading rubric for maximum points (
Criteria
Excellent
(5)
Very Good
(4)
Good
(3)
Needs work
(2)
Inadequate
(1)
40. Analyze and evaluate the formulation
and implementation of policies and programs.
The formulation
and
implementation of policies and programs
are
exceptionally articulated
in the research
paper.
The formulation and implementation of policies and programs
are
articulated
very
well
in
the
research
paper.
The formulation and implementation of
policies and programs are included clearly in
the research paper.
The formulation and implementation of
policies and programs in
the research paper are adequate but need some revision.
Research paper is too short & does not
adequately present the
formulation and implementation of
policies and programs.
41. Apply
graduate
research
methods
and
techniques to evaluate the
effectiveness
of
public
programs,
and
the
outcomes
of
policy
alternatives.
Research paper reflects an
outstanding
understanding of graduate
research methods and
techniques to evaluate the
effectiveness of public
programs, and the outcomes
of policy alternatives.
42. Research paper reflects
a
very
good
understanding
of graduate research
methods
and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research
paper
reflects aa good understanding
of graduate research
methods
and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research
paper
reflects
an understanding of graduate research
methods
43. and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research paper reflects very little understanding of graduate
research methods and
techniques to evaluate
the effectiveness of public programs, and
the outcomes of policy
alternatives.
Synthesize
the
concepts
associated with ethical behavior and social
responsibility
that
will
engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort
44. to
affect
social change
and
promote
social
justice.
Research paper reflects an outstanding understanding
of the concepts associated with ethical behavior and
social responsibility that will
engage students in a meaningful effort to affect
social change and promote
social justice.
Research
paper
reflects
a very
good
understanding of the concepts associated with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will
engage
students in a meaningful effort to
affect
46. a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
Research
paper
reflects
an
understanding
of
the concepts associated with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
Research paper reflects very little
47. understanding of the
concepts associated
with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
Analyze evaluative processes to devise
plans for change, which will help to
maximize efficiency and effectiveness
in the administration of policies and programs.
Research
paper
reflects
an outstanding understanding of
the
evaluative
processes to
49. for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
programs.
Research paper reflects a good understanding of
the evaluative processes
to devise plans for change, which will help to maximize
efficiency
and effectiveness in the
administration of policies and programs.
Research paper reflects
an
understanding
of
the evaluative
processes
to devise
plans
50. for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
programs.
Research paper reflects very little understanding of the
evaluative processes to
devise
plans
for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
52. and
usage,
and
APA
formatting.
Readable paper
exhibiting good English
grammar, punctuation
and usage, and APA formatting.
Barely acceptable style.
Paper exhibits many mistakes with English
grammar, punctuation
and usage, and APA formatting.
Poorly written paper
exhibiting weak English
grammar, punctuation
and usage, and APA formatting.
)Grading Rubric: Research Project
(
Syllabus
) (
Page
2
of 16
)
(
Syllabus
) (
Page
11
of 16
53. )
(
Criteria
Excellent
(5)
Very Good
(4)
Good
(3)
Needs work
(2)
Inadequate
(1)
Analyze and evaluate the formulation
and implementation of policies and programs.
The formulation
and
implementation of policies and programs
are
exceptionally articulated
in the research
paper.
The formulation and implementation of policies and programs
are
articulated
very
well
54. in
the
research
paper.
The formulation and implementation of
policies and programs are included clearly in
the research paper.
The formulation and implementation of
policies and programs in
the research paper are adequate but need some revision.
Research paper is too short & does not
adequately present the
formulation and implementation of
policies and programs.
Apply
graduate
research
methods
and
techniques to evaluate the
effectiveness
of
public
programs,
and
55. the
outcomes
of
policy
alternatives.
Research paper reflects an
outstanding
understanding of graduate
research methods and
techniques to evaluate the
effectiveness of public
programs, and the outcomes
of policy alternatives.
Research paper reflects
a
very
good
understanding
of graduate research
methods
and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research
paper
56. reflects aa good understanding
of graduate research
methods
and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research
paper
reflects
an understanding of graduate research
methods
and
techniques
to evaluate the effectiveness of public programs, and the
outcomes of policy alternatives.
Research paper reflects very little understanding of graduate
research methods and
techniques to evaluate
the effectiveness of public programs, and
the outcomes of policy
alternatives.
Synthesize
the
concepts
associated with ethical behavior and social
58. Research
paper
reflects
a very
good
understanding of the concepts associated with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will
engage
students in a meaningful effort to
affect
social
change
and
promote
social
justice.
Research
paper
reflects a
good
59. understanding
of the
concepts
associated
with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
Research
paper
reflects
an
understanding
of
the concepts associated with ethical behavior
60. and
social
responsibility
that will engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
Research paper reflects very little
understanding of the
concepts associated
with ethical behavior
and
social
responsibility
that will engage
students
in
a
meaningful
effort to affect social change and promote social
justice.
61. Analyze evaluative processes to devise
plans for change, which will help to
maximize efficiency and effectiveness
in the administration of policies and programs.
Research
paper
reflects
an outstanding understanding of
the
evaluative
processes to
devise
plans
for
change,
which
will
help
to
maximize
efficiency
62. and
effectiveness
in the administration of policies
and
programs.
Research paper reflects
a very good understanding of the
evaluative
processes
to devise
plans
for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
programs.
Research paper reflects a good understanding of
the evaluative processes
to devise plans for change, which will help to maximize
63. efficiency
and effectiveness in the
administration of policies and programs.
Research paper reflects
an
understanding
of
the evaluative
processes
to devise
plans
for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
programs.
Research paper reflects very little understanding of the
evaluative processes to
devise
64. plans
for
change,
which will help to
maximize
efficiency
and
effectiveness in the administration of
policies
and
programs.
Demonstrates
graduate
level
writing,
including correct grammar,
punctuation
and
usage,
and
is
65. in
APA
format.
Exceptionally well written paper exhibiting flawless English
grammar,
punctuation and usage, and
APA formatting.
Very
well
written
paper exhibiting facility with English grammar,
punctuation
and
usage,
and
APA
formatting.
Readable paper
exhibiting good English
grammar, punctuation
and usage, and APA formatting.
Barely acceptable style.
Paper exhibits many mistakes with English
grammar, punctuation
and usage, and APA formatting.
Poorly written paper
exhibiting weak English
grammar, punctuation
66. and usage, and APA formatting.
)Grading Rubric: Research Project
(
Syllabus
) (
Page
2
of 16
)
(
Syllabus
) (
Page
11
of 16
)