This document provides a literature review and summary of social impact bonds (SIBs) in the United States. SIBs are an alternative financing model where private investors fund social programs and are repaid by the government if predetermined outcomes are achieved, creating savings. The review analyzes the structures of existing US SIBs and identifies areas for improvement, including evaluation methods, transparency between parties, and incentive alignment. It finds that while SIBs have potential, not all programs used rigorous evaluation like randomized controlled trials. Data sharing and contract accessibility were also issues. Incentives need to balance investor returns and social goals. Overall, the review aims to lay groundwork for improving SIB design and oversight going forward.
The Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative was one of The Rockefeller Foundation’s largest global health initiatives. Aligned with the Foundation’s mission to promote the well-being of humanity, THS aimed to improve the health status and financial resilience of poor and otherwise vulnerable populations through activities promoting improved health systems performance and the expansion of universal health coverage (UHC).
This report synthesizes findings from a five-year, multicomponent evaluation of the THS initiative. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess i) the effectiveness of the three core strategies – global advocacy, regional networks, and country-level investments – employed under THS to advance progress toward UHC in low- and middle-income countries in four focus countries, ii) the overall effectiveness and influence of the initiative, and iii) the Foundation’s legacy in the UHC arena. A key component of the evaluation was to document lessons learned from achievements and challenges to inform the development of future initiatives at the Foundation.
Overall, the evaluation found the THS initiative to be successful in its efforts to activate a global movement to accelerate progress toward UHC. The Foundation catalyzed and shaped the global UHC movement and, ultimately, influenced the inclusion of UHC in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the post-2015 agenda. It also created enduring cross-learning platforms and tools to support country progress toward the SDGs’ UHC targets. Although THS gained less traction in advancing UHC through its focus country investments, its success in making UHC a global development target and creating networks and coalitions to support UHC reform efforts in LMICs will likely have country-level impacts for years to come.
This paper examines the Federal Reserve System’s dissemination of information strategy to see how well it has worked and how it can be improved. The System provides information to a broad spectrum of individuals and organizations (such as, but not limited to, the Congress, other federal agencies, state and local governments, consumer and community groups, analysts, bankers, investors, researchers and academics, financial institutions regulated by the System, the media, and the general public), referred to as "stakeholders". This information covers an array of subjects with varying degrees of importance and impact on monetary and public policy and economic conditions
The Transforming Health Systems (THS) initiative was one of The Rockefeller Foundation’s largest global health initiatives. Aligned with the Foundation’s mission to promote the well-being of humanity, THS aimed to improve the health status and financial resilience of poor and otherwise vulnerable populations through activities promoting improved health systems performance and the expansion of universal health coverage (UHC).
This report synthesizes findings from a five-year, multicomponent evaluation of the THS initiative. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess i) the effectiveness of the three core strategies – global advocacy, regional networks, and country-level investments – employed under THS to advance progress toward UHC in low- and middle-income countries in four focus countries, ii) the overall effectiveness and influence of the initiative, and iii) the Foundation’s legacy in the UHC arena. A key component of the evaluation was to document lessons learned from achievements and challenges to inform the development of future initiatives at the Foundation.
Overall, the evaluation found the THS initiative to be successful in its efforts to activate a global movement to accelerate progress toward UHC. The Foundation catalyzed and shaped the global UHC movement and, ultimately, influenced the inclusion of UHC in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the post-2015 agenda. It also created enduring cross-learning platforms and tools to support country progress toward the SDGs’ UHC targets. Although THS gained less traction in advancing UHC through its focus country investments, its success in making UHC a global development target and creating networks and coalitions to support UHC reform efforts in LMICs will likely have country-level impacts for years to come.
This paper examines the Federal Reserve System’s dissemination of information strategy to see how well it has worked and how it can be improved. The System provides information to a broad spectrum of individuals and organizations (such as, but not limited to, the Congress, other federal agencies, state and local governments, consumer and community groups, analysts, bankers, investors, researchers and academics, financial institutions regulated by the System, the media, and the general public), referred to as "stakeholders". This information covers an array of subjects with varying degrees of importance and impact on monetary and public policy and economic conditions
The Federal Communicators Network (FCN) has released "Advancing Federal Communications," a research paper that makes the case for clear and consistent quality standards for U.S. federal government communication.
The result of a grassroots, volunteer study among an interagency group of government communicators, the paper incorporates extensive primary and secondary research and includes a set of concrete recommendations for improvement.
Understanding the Public Policy Landscape: Lessons From a Retrospective Evalu...Innovation Network
These slides accompanied a presentation at the American Evaluation Association's annual conference in October 2013 in Washington, DC.
Innovation Network evaluators Veena Pankaj and Kat Athanasiades discussed how the Framework for Public Policy Advocacy was used in a retrospective evaluation of a large scale philanthropic public policy campaign. The framework helped to identify and plot grantee strategies across two dimensions - target audience(s) and desired outcomes. Using bubble charts to illustrate the strategic focus of each grantee, the evaluation team was able to recognize trends among the grantee partners, identify gaps and provide an aggregate overview of the types of strategies being supported. Presenters highlighted how the framework was used in selecting and developing appropriate data collection methodologies based on the strategic focus of the grantees. These methodologies were created to specifically correspond to the outcome areas and target audience(s) highlighted by the framework. Finally, the presenters reflected on lessons learns and share insights for improving advocacy evaluation at the portfolio level.
The presentation's handout is available here: http://www.innonet.org/resources/node/728
Innovation Network is a nonprofit evaluation, research, and consulting firm. We provide knowledge and expertise to help nonprofits and funders learn from their work to improve their results. To learn more, visit www.innonet.org.
An analysis of how international intervention strategies in environmental governances influence and limits community-based tourism in Cambodia and policy strategies that may be employed to resolved the limitation.
Exploring the Role and Opportunities for Open Government Data and New Technol...Open Data Research Network
A research poster presented as part of the Exploring the Emerging Impacts of Open Data in Developing Countries project at the Research Sharing Event in Berlin, 15th July 2014. For more see http://www.opendataresearch.org/emergingimpacts/"
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
ESID Research Associate Pablo Yanguas presented "New approaches confront old challenges in public sector reform" at the Development Studies Association meeting in November 2014
La World Wide Web Foundation creó un “índice de la web”, que intenta medir el crecimiento, utilidad e impacto de internet en las personas y los países. El estudio se desarrolló en 61 países, incorporando indicadores referidos a políticas, economía e impacto social de la web, como también conectividad e infraestructura.
Common Core of Skills & Knowledge is part of the 'Working with Children' catalogue for e-learning with Pathway Group.
For more information about this course or others that we provide visit: http://elearning.pathwaycourses.co.uk call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
How to Manage Conflict is part of the Pathway Group E-learning Course Catalogue under People Managers Toolkit.
For more information about this course or others that we provide please visit: http://elearning.pathwaycourses.co.uk or call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
Level 3 Award in Understanding the Principles and Practices of AssessmentThe Pathway Group
Level 3 Award in Understanding the Principles and Practices of Assessment
For more information about this course or others that we offer please call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
The Federal Communicators Network (FCN) has released "Advancing Federal Communications," a research paper that makes the case for clear and consistent quality standards for U.S. federal government communication.
The result of a grassroots, volunteer study among an interagency group of government communicators, the paper incorporates extensive primary and secondary research and includes a set of concrete recommendations for improvement.
Understanding the Public Policy Landscape: Lessons From a Retrospective Evalu...Innovation Network
These slides accompanied a presentation at the American Evaluation Association's annual conference in October 2013 in Washington, DC.
Innovation Network evaluators Veena Pankaj and Kat Athanasiades discussed how the Framework for Public Policy Advocacy was used in a retrospective evaluation of a large scale philanthropic public policy campaign. The framework helped to identify and plot grantee strategies across two dimensions - target audience(s) and desired outcomes. Using bubble charts to illustrate the strategic focus of each grantee, the evaluation team was able to recognize trends among the grantee partners, identify gaps and provide an aggregate overview of the types of strategies being supported. Presenters highlighted how the framework was used in selecting and developing appropriate data collection methodologies based on the strategic focus of the grantees. These methodologies were created to specifically correspond to the outcome areas and target audience(s) highlighted by the framework. Finally, the presenters reflected on lessons learns and share insights for improving advocacy evaluation at the portfolio level.
The presentation's handout is available here: http://www.innonet.org/resources/node/728
Innovation Network is a nonprofit evaluation, research, and consulting firm. We provide knowledge and expertise to help nonprofits and funders learn from their work to improve their results. To learn more, visit www.innonet.org.
An analysis of how international intervention strategies in environmental governances influence and limits community-based tourism in Cambodia and policy strategies that may be employed to resolved the limitation.
Exploring the Role and Opportunities for Open Government Data and New Technol...Open Data Research Network
A research poster presented as part of the Exploring the Emerging Impacts of Open Data in Developing Countries project at the Research Sharing Event in Berlin, 15th July 2014. For more see http://www.opendataresearch.org/emergingimpacts/"
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
ESID Research Associate Pablo Yanguas presented "New approaches confront old challenges in public sector reform" at the Development Studies Association meeting in November 2014
La World Wide Web Foundation creó un “índice de la web”, que intenta medir el crecimiento, utilidad e impacto de internet en las personas y los países. El estudio se desarrolló en 61 países, incorporando indicadores referidos a políticas, economía e impacto social de la web, como también conectividad e infraestructura.
Common Core of Skills & Knowledge is part of the 'Working with Children' catalogue for e-learning with Pathway Group.
For more information about this course or others that we provide visit: http://elearning.pathwaycourses.co.uk call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
How to Manage Conflict is part of the Pathway Group E-learning Course Catalogue under People Managers Toolkit.
For more information about this course or others that we provide please visit: http://elearning.pathwaycourses.co.uk or call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
Level 3 Award in Understanding the Principles and Practices of AssessmentThe Pathway Group
Level 3 Award in Understanding the Principles and Practices of Assessment
For more information about this course or others that we offer please call: 0121 707 0550 or e-mail: info@pathwaygroup.co.uk
Choose one of the evolutions of CIT and discuss how it may have made.pdffathimaoptical
canvas.northseattle.edu Microeconomics Midterm Chapter 2 Flashcards | Qui.. economics
assignment canvas exam - Google Sea. O Increasing the amount of resources devoted to the
production of military goods Increasing the human capital of its labor force Question 16 0.1 pts
Productive efficiency O is represented by the points outside and to the right of the Production
Possibilities Frontier. O means that all the economy\'s resources are fully employed using the
current technology O requires developing new technology and better human capital in the
Production Possibilities Frontier model. O applies to points inside the Production Possibilities
Frontier as well as points along the frontier O means there is no opportunity cost to increasing
production. 0.1 pts D Question 17 The concave shape of the Production Possibilities Frontier
indicates
Solution
Answer 16 : Production efficiency means that all the economic resources are fully employed
using the current technology. It is used to show that various possible combination of goods and
services produced within a particular period of time within a given technology and resources.
Answer 17 : The concave shape of the production possibility frontier indicated the law of
increasing oppournity cost. As the production possibility curve is downward sloping it means
that one more unit of production increases the sacrificing of more another units.
Answer 18 : The statement is True that when the firm has an absolute advantage when it can
produced a product it is not necessary to have comparative advantages also. A nation might have
an absolute advantage but not a comparative advantage in the production of a given product.A
country enjoyed an absolute advantage over another country when they used fewer resources to
produce that product from another country..
Now is the time to think like an economist! Using your knowledge of .docxjuliennehar
Now is the time to think like an economist! Using your knowledge of economics and fiscal policy, you will evaluate a particular government direct payment program for its impact on the federal budget and the economy in general. Direct payments are cash payments to individuals or groups for a specific purpose.
Members of Congress listen to economic analysts as one source of information before making fiscal policy decisions, such as whether to increase funding to a direct payment program. Ultimately, Congress votes on specific government programs and the President must approve them. Budget decisions require careful thought and justification to the public. Keep this in mind because you will need to support your opinion with valid research data.
Step One:
Identify a government program to analyze—one where the government makes direct payments to citizens. Examples include economic stimulus checks, small business grants, farm subsidies, disaster relief, renewable energy projects, housing grants, social security, and many more.
Step Two:
Gather research information about your program. Read these
tips for online research
. Provide citation information for every source you use. Include the following information:
What is the history of the program?
Who benefits from this program and how?
What is the yearly cost to the American taxpayer? What is the historical cost data?
What percent of the total federal budget is spent on this program relative to other programs?
What is the impact of this program on price stability, full employment, and economic growth?
What is the potential impact beyond the direct payment recipient? (For example, a small business grant could lead to lowering the unemployment rate in a particular area.)
What are the professional opinions in support of and against the program?
Step Three:
Imagine that Congress is trying to balance the budget and cutting spending for many programs. Create a persuasive presentation that persuades members of Congress to either support or not support continued funding for the payment program. There are many 21st century tools available for effective collaboration and communication in the online environment.
.
SUSTAINABLE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT: HIERARCHICAL CAUSAL SYSTEMSBongs Lainjo
Keywords: Pyramid, Causality, Systems, Sustainable, Program and Management.
Problem Statement:
Donors, Multi and Bi-lateral agencies charged with distribution of development funds to primarily low and medium income countries (LMICs) have been guided by universally accepted goals, agreements and conventions. In a significant number of cases, adherence remains inadequate. Effective sustainable program management systems remain inadequate. These limitations call for a need to design an inclusive and standardized program management framework.
Hierarchical Causal Systems:
Aim and Methodology:
To Strengthen and Standardize Program Management Protocols and mitigate nuances, duplication and redundancies.
Seven components that facilitate the achievement of sustainable management of development program are embodied in a conceptual framework the ‘CARROT-BUS’ model. CARROT is for Capacity, Accountability, Resources, Results, Ownership and Transparency – all driven by an enabling environment and BUS stands for ‘Bottom Up Strategy’. The holistic, inclusive pragmatic and causality model is conceptually synonymous with Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. In this framework, each step of the ladder has a well-defined description including a corresponding, comprehensive and relevant strategy and case study to facilitate user understanding.
Findings:
Many beneficiaries continue to live in squalid conditions; poverty remains ubiquitous despite reports to the contrary and improved quality of life in vulnerable populations remains a distant dream. Above all, Western countries have woefully failed to meet their own pledges of donating 0.7 % of their GDP to (LMICs). Only four countries have achieved this objective.
Conclusion:
Designing and implementing sustainable development programs remains complex. The systems presented in this abstract are a way of addressing these complexities. They serve as an option aimed at mitigating gaps and nuances that are an integral component of development aid. An urgent need for a streamlined and effective paradigm shift is required. CARROT-BUS is one attempt to fill these gaps.
Enhancing transparency and accountability mechanisms that directly empower citizens to better participate in decision-making processes of government and international donors is an imperative to achieving better and more sustainable development results on the ground. This paper analyzes the emerging Open Development Paradigm and investigates to what extent such a new approach towards citizen-centered development can make development programs more effective, responsive and inclusive. It provides concrete case studies of open governance programs that enhance the transparency and accountability of development agencies and foster the collaboration among all development actors in order to achieve better development outcomes and enhance the well-being of the poor.
Running head FUNDAMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHILD WELFARE UNIVERSAL ORGAN.docxwlynn1
Running head: FUNDAMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHILD WELFARE UNIVERSAL ORGANIZATION
Capstone Project Part I
Alexis Lowe
Professor Marnie Carroll
HUMN 6660: Social Change, Leadership, and Advocacy for Human Service Professionals
Walden University
June 16, 2019
Part 1
The Core Values of the Universal Child Care Organization
The universal child welfare value is the intervening ethical end aimed by the entire characteristics of the child welfare part of the practice. Also, it is a source integration of general basic values of social work because, for children, liberty comprises of the likelihood to grow as well as build up without harm as well as exploitation. The justice of children includes right to basic needs along with nurturance. Moreover, a child does not request to be produced, therefore it is children birthright. Additionally, these privileges are present for the reason that children, similar to adults, are also human beings having intrinsic as well as irreducible value. As a final point, if we do possess some selfless obligation to fellow individuals, it is particularly likely for children because we are the ones who create them to be, reliant on us, they are weak, as well as they lack power and influence.
Another important core value of the universal child welfare organization is known as transparency. through the Universal Child Welfare Organization is allowing the character of human service professionals to walk before them, and use their heart to speak boldly, clearly and with confidence on the societal issue of child welfare. Each year, more than thirty billion dollars is spent on a federal, state and local level in order to stimulate the well-being of vulnerable children and their families. However, with the core value of transparency involved in this nonprofit organization, we are able to promote ongoing quality improvement in child welfare. Even with the core value of transparency, there comes some sort of accountability within the child protection system; as the more we increase transparency in our child protection system the more aware the public is about what is taking place in a day-to-day child protection work, the less likely issues within the system will be overlooked until yet another tragedy takes place.
To contribute to the well-being of the people, groups, families, and global communities, the child welfare agency has formed numerous policy and norms to direct practiced activity, for instance, the application of change theory which will be applied by altering the performance of foster care as well as policies employed to foster care along with the community’s opinion of foster children. Also, it shall start with providing the problems to be transformed to the related parties as well as influencing them to create a way for a change in the manner foster children are treated.
What is its mission?
The mission of the Child welfare is to protect, promote, and improve the protection, wellbeing as well as the healt.
For this Unit 4 assignment, you will prepare an APA-formatted essa.docxhanneloremccaffery
For this Unit 4 assignment, you will prepare an APA-formatted essay of at least 500 words reflecting the opposing view of the topic that you selected in Unit 3.
When preparing an informative or expository essay, it is important to identify multiple perspectives. Investigating all sides of a topic enables you to interpret a larger picture and prepare logical content. In Unit 3, you selected a topic question, determined a viewpoint, and created your assignment based on that viewpoint. For Unit 4, you will write an APA-formatted essay on the opposite viewpoint of your selected topic.
Specifically, your submission must include the following:
· A title page with the correct APA formatting
· An abstract page with correct APA formatting
· An introduction paragraph based on the opposing viewpoint of your Unit 3 topic question
· This requires the creation of a new thesis statement.
· It requires 3 supporting subtopics.
· It requires the new thesis statement to be the last sentence of the introduction paragraph.
· Develop at least 3 transitional paragraphs. Transitional paragraphs are the expanded paragraph information based on your thesis subtopics.
· Develop a concluding paragraph. Remember to restate your thesis statement in the conclusion.
Readings and Notes “Levels of Evaluation”
Policy Evaluation
The notion of “systematic” policy and program evaluation only dates back to the 1970s when questions were raised about the outcomes of the Johnson era's War on Poverty programs. Simply, the poor did not seem too much better off, despite some programmatic attention--and dollars--spent on improving their situation. This story ends as it began. Recall that the first week discussed the emergence of hyperfederalism in which all parties (jurisdictions and agencies) try to get as much of the others' share without too much common (national) public good associated with their efforts.
One of the better-known War on Poverty programs was called the Model Cities Program. The original (White House) idea for this program was experimental. It called for funding a small number of large cities, such as New York, Philadelphia and Chicago with especially acute slum problems. When the bill went to Congress, it was clear that unless the base of (support for) the program grew, it would not pass. (Recall GCT on expanding the base to insure a bill's passage often waters down its original intentions, or, dissipates them.) A then leading senator, Senator Edward Muskie (D-Maine) said he would only vote for the bill if cities such as Augusta, Bangor and Portland were made eligible for aid. The bill passed in 1966 and even small cities like Poughkeepsie were not only eligible, but received money as well for public housing projects. By most people's sights, the program utterly failed to reduce the existence of slums anywhere. No one now knows whether the original intentions might have led to a greater chance for program success. Instead of massive funding for a few projects, t ...
For this Unit 4 assignment, you will prepare an APA-formatted essa.docx
Aresty poster
1. A Literature Review of Social Impact Bonds in the United States
Judah Axelrod
Dr. W. Steven Barnett – Graduate School of Education, National Institute for Early Education Research
Abstract
Background
Outcome Funder
Managed:
Intermediary or intermediary-
controlled SPV
Intermediated:
Investors or investor-controlled
SPV
Direct:
Service provider or provider-
controlled SPV
CONTRACT
CONTRACT
CONTRACT
Future Direction
As the SIB model is a new development in the increasingly important field of social finance, most
operational programs have yet to yield any results. For this reason, our research took a different
focus. We organized important information about all of the SIBs in the United States into a
descriptive table and chose three specific areas that we knew were both crucial to the success of a
program and had need of improvement in the future. The purpose of this project, as previously
stated, was to lay the groundwork for future research. However, we also hope that the literature
review can help the engineers of future SIB projects to avoid the pitfalls of preceding programs.
Social impact bonds have the potential to be a powerful mechanism that helps government,
investors, and disadvantaged populations, and that is where we see the model in the future with
proper revision and oversight.
AcknowledgementsReferences
Conclusions
The table below shows descriptive information on three of the seven United States SIBs. It is
noteworthy that all seven programs use a managed structure in which the outcome funder contracts
with the intermediary. We also found some problems with the three areas of focus outlned in the
Methods sections. With regard to evaluation design, only three of seven programs used a
randomized controlled trial (RCT), one of the most rigorous approaches to assessing the impacts of
an intervention. We highlighted the Utah Preschool program in particular, which failed to include a
comparison group in its evaluation or even attempt to measure the impact of the preschool program.
Transparency -- both between parties and with the general public -- was also an issue. Only four
programs had data-sharing agreements to facilitate efficient communication of information between
the parties, and two of the actual SIB contracts were not accessible to the public. Finally, incentive
alignment is a major issue. On the one hand, the SIB model must reconcile investors’ desire to
maximize return on investment with a socially optimal outcome. And on the other hand, in multiple
programs the service provider actually has an incentive to operate with no regard for the goals of the
program because they are not the party responsible for repaying investors. All of these concerns are
areas upon which to improve moving forward.
Research suggests that there are many social programs that would both benefit society
and pay dividends in the future. However, the government is often hamstrung by lack of
public support or budgetary restrictions. The social impact bond (SIB) model is a recent
alternative means of financing these programs that has gained bipartisan acclaim. In this
model, private and philanthropic investors are contracted to pay for the programs up
front, and if certain outcomes are achieved, the government repays investors with the
savings the program creates. We aim to create the first literature review of existing SIBs
in the United States, compiling information from relevant literature, reports on the
programs, and the available SIB contracts. The three main focuses of the review are: (1)
the similarities and differences in the structures of the various SIBs, (2) specific elements
that seem crucial in determining the strength of any SIB, and (3) potential weaknesses in
the existing contracts. Results indicate that the evaluation of a program’s effectiveness,
the alignment of incentives for the different parties involved, and transparency of the
entire process are all areas upon which to improve SIBs moving forward. Ultimately, the
goal of the review is to create a foundation for future research as the SIB model
continues to gain momentum.
I would like to thank Dr. Barnett for introducing me to such an interesting and important topic, as
well as mentoring me through the entire research process. This has been such an invaluable
learning opportunity, and without the resources, knowledge, and confidence you gave me, it
would not have been possible. I would also like to thanks the Rutgers Aresty Research Center for
funding and assistance on this project.
Methods and Materials
We began by reading relevant background literature on the theoretical SIB model, to gain an
understanding of the purpose, different types of structures, and any potential pitfalls or limitations.
We then turned to examining SIBs in the United Kingdom, where the model originated, to analyze
the first programs put into practice. This helped to identify three specific areas – evaluation
methods of the program, transparency and accessibility, and the alignment of incentives among the
different parties – as the most crucial determinants of the success of a SIB. Next, the focus shifted
to SIBs in the United States, which is the focus of the research. We looked at any information on the
United States programs, including fact sheets, press releases, news articles, and reports, as well as
the actual contracts themselves when accessible. We compiled a detailed table that contained both
qualitative and quantitative information on all seven United States SIBs. While one focus of the
literature review was to compile relevant information in this organized way, another was to analyze
how well the programs succeeded in these three areas.
The purpose of SIBs from the standpoint of government is to transfer the initial costs of
funding a program, and the risks of investment if the program fails, to philanthropic or
private financiers. If the outcomes of the preventative programs are achieved, these
foundations or private businesses are later reimbursed by the government from the
savings supplied by the program for their principal, plus interest and a “success fee” if
the program performs well enough. Ideally, SIBs align incentives and result in savings for
government, profits for investors, and the social benefits of the program for society.
Nonetheless, the specific structuring is key, as incentives vary with each specific SIB
design type, and a particular delivery structure might not just be different, but also
more effective. Gustafsson-Wright et al. (2015) outlines three theoretical SIB models
that vary in terms of which body contracts with the outcome funder and thus assumes
the most responsibility. This body also controls the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), which
is a legally independent entity that serves as a channel for the transmission of funds, if
one is created for the program.
Outcome
Funder
Managed:
Intermediary or
intermediary-
controlled SPV
Intermediated:
Investors or
investor-
controlled SPV
Direct:
Service provider
or provider-
controlled SPV
CONTRACT
Gustafsson-Wright, E., Gardiner, S., & Putcha, V. (2015, July). The Potential and Limitations of Impact Bonds
Lessons From the First Five Years of Experience Worldwide. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Impact Bond Mechanics [Online Image]. (2015). Retrieved from
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2015/07/social-impact-bonds-potential-limitations
SIB Name Utah High Quality Preschool Program Juvenile Justice Pay for Success Initiative Partnering for Family Success Program
Location Salt Lake City and surrounding areas Massachusetts Cuyahoga County, OH
Social Issue Early childhood education access Prison recidivism Family homelessness and child welfare
Target Population Up to 3,500 low income 3- and 4-year-olds across up to five
cohorts of around 600 per year. The first cohort
included 600 children in the 2013-2014 school year and the
second cohort will include 750 children in the
2014-2015 school year
929 at-risk men ages 17-24 leaving correction houses, in juvenile justice system, or
on probation
The intervention will reach 135 families who were recently
homeless and their approx. 270 children (age 0-18; ≈60% age 0-
5). Also control group of 135 families (3 cohorts of 45/45)
SIB Structure Managed Managed Managed
Intervention Utah High Quality Preschool Program, a high impact and
targeted curriculum to increase school readiness and
academic performance among 3- and 4-year-olds
Two years of active education, life skills and job training, two years of rigorous
follow-up
FrontLine’s Critical Time Intervention, which will help mothers
find appropriate housing, apply for government benefits and
employment opportunities and learn other life skills with the aim
of reuniting children and mothers and reducing children’s length
of stay in out-of-home care.
Service Provider Granite School District, Park City School
District, Guadalupe School, YMCA of
Northern Utah, Children’s Express, and
Lit’l Scholars.
Roca Inc. FrontLine Service (and three housing providers: Cuyahoga
Metropolitan Housing Authority, Emerald Development &
Economic Network, Famicos Foundation)
Intermediary United Way of Salt Lake, Salt Lake County (first year only), State
of Utah (after first year)
Third Sector Capital Partners Third Sector Capital Partners;
Enterprise Community Partners Inc. (project manager and owner
of SPV)
Outcome Funder State of Utah, Salt Lake County, United Way of Salt Lake Commonwealth of MA (Social Innovation Financing Trust Fund)
and US Dept of Labor
Cuyahoga County
Technical Assistance Provider(s) Voices for Utah Children Harvard Kennedy School SIB Technical Assistance Lab, Sibalytics LLC Third Sector Capital Partners (government advisor)
SPV N/A Youth Services Inc. (operated by Third Sector) Cuyahoga PFS, LLC
Investors Senior: Goldman Sachs - $4.6 million
Subordinate: J.B Pritzker - $2.4 million
Senior: Goldman Sachs - $8 million
Subordinate: Kresge Foundation and Living Cities - $2.66 million
*(Roca and Third Sector also stand to earn success fees)
Recoverable Grants and Investment Guarantees: Anonymous Foundation, New
Profit, and The Boston Foundation - $5.45 million
Senior: The Reinvestment Fund - $1.575 million
Subordinate: The George Gund Foundation, Nonprofit Finance
Fund, The Cleveland Foundation, Sisters of Charity Foundation of
Cleveland - $2.275 million
Recoverable Grants and Investment Guarantees: Sisters of
Charity Foundation of Cleveland - $150,000
Upfront Capital Commitment $7 million $16.1 million $4 million
Data Sharing Agreement N/A MA can provide data to the technical assistance providers, certain defined data to
Roca, and non-personalized data to the other project partners
Between FrontLine, Case Western, Cuyahoga County Dept of
Child and Family Services, and the Domestic Violence and Child
Advocacy Center and Emergency Shelter
Outcome Metric(s) Years of special ed avoided K-6th grade for students at least 2
standard
deviations below mean on PPVT before entering program.
(These are students considered "likely to use special ed
services")
1. Decreases in incarceration (treatment vs. control groups)
2. Increases in job readiness (number of quarters participant engages with Roca
youth worker 9+ times)
3. Increases in employment (number of quarters participant is employed compared
to similar people not in program)
Reduction in out-of-home placement days over the five years
of the program versus control group
Outcome Evaluation Method PPVT testing to determine which children would
have needed special ed; school records to track through 6th
grade and determine amount of special ed avoided
1. RCT
2/3. Administrative data calculated by Commonwealth of MA (job readiness) and
the SPV (employment)
RCT
Outcome Evaluator Utah State University Urban Institute Case Western Reserve University
Threshold for Payments Any child in payment cohort not needing special education 1. 5.2% reduction in incarceration
2/3. Any positive increases
Any reduction of out-of-home days (versus control group)
Maximum Return Capped at 7.26% (across the two cohorts) Goldman Sachs: 5% annually + $970,466 in success fees
Subordinates: 2% annually + $540,466 in success fees
Roca: $3.26 million in deferred service fees + $822,979 in success fees
Third Sector: $50,000 in deferred service fees
Any other money left over is used to recycle philanthropic funding
The Reinvestment Fund: 5% annual base interest
Subordinates: 2% annual base interest + equal participation in
$1 million of success fees
SIB Program Information