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Running head: JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 1
Research Question: Do family centered transitional or community-based intervention
programs for juvenile offenders lessen the effect on recidivism rates among urban students
versus non-family centered programs?
LaKeisha Weber
Xavier University of Louisiana
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for EDCG 5010 Research Methods
Sr. Alicia Costa, S.S.F., Professor
February 10, 2014
JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 2
Greenwood, P. & Turner, S. (2009). An overview of prevention and intervention programs for
juvenile offenders. Victims and Offenders, 4, 365-374. Retrieved from Academic Search
Complete database.
Critique
There has been a strong focus on identifying programs and strategies that help to reduce
juvenile delinquency over the past 20 years. Numerous programs declare effectiveness and claim
to be the solution to delinquency issues. The purpose of this article was to identify the four ways
to identify and determine the efficacy of prevention and intervention programs and strategies.
Also, they recognize specific programs and strategies that are proven to be operative in the
community, for crime prevention and students in institutions. Using evidence-based models can
help to thwart and curve the rates of juvenile delinquency.
For a program to be adopted and implemented, it must be recognized as effective. There
are four ways to identify the effectiveness of a program; (a) blueprints, (b) program lists, (c)
meta-analysis of program evaluations, and (d) cost-benefit analysis. Blueprints is an evaluation
method that identifies effective models based on certain criteria, once identified as effective they
are used as “blueprints” for the development of future programs. Programs lists are produced by
organizations. The references lists identify programs by their screening methods. Using the
original model of a program and achieving similar or better results proves efficacy. A meta-
analysis of results can truly determine whether or not a program is effective. Lastly, cost-analysis
compare the original cost of funding delinquent juveniles to the costs after the juvenile has been
JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 3
through rehabilitation. Theoretically, if delinquency is reduced, the program’s fund availability
should increase.
Once programs are identified, individuals must determine which programs/strategies
work and which do not. Using the four methods of evaluating effectiveness, a pyramid was
drafted with the most effective programs occupying the very top of the pyramid. The least
effective, non-evaluated programs compromised the base of the pyramid. The middle consisted
of the programs with some, but not enough evidential support. The researches in this study then
used the following 7-level classification system to label the programs and strategies; (1)
preferred (Blueprint proven effective programs and strategies), (2) proven (meets three Blueprint
qualifications), (3) provisional (single evaluation with crime prevention results), (4) promising
(fail to meet provisional standards), (5) potentially promising (design of program has promise)
(6) ineffective (no significant effect) and (7) unproven (not at all suitable). Using this scale, the
researchers compared the program costs per youth, their effects on crime, government savings,
benefits of treatment and overall benefits minus the costs. The method used to analyze the data
was not stated. Also, the results of the findings were placed in a table but were not clearly
defined.
Prevention programs focus mainly on students who are at-risk for specific negative
behaviors. This includes pregnancy, smoking, etc. A proven effective program that aims to curb
delinquency and criminal behavior is the LifeSkills Training (LST) model. It is a Blueprint
endorsed program. To curb problem behaviors and delinquency, family focused interventions
were proven effective. The Multisystemic Therapy program is designed to aid parents in
managing the negative behaviors of their children. Ineffective programs are the ones that focus
solely on the juvenile and not the family as a unit, such as the TV program Scared Straight.
JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 4
When a child leaves their home and is placed in an institution (i.e. correctional facility, group
home, etc.), there are effective programs to help aid them upon release, as well as reduce the
possibility of recidivism. One model is Family Integrated Transition, which recruits the family to
assist the juvenile transition from the institution and back to the community.
Although evidence –based programs and strategies are effect in diminishing delinquency,
these programs are not afforded to enough children. The researchers suggest that evidence-based
program reform needs to happen in our country. Individuals working with at-risk youth should
be trained to better serve them. That policy makers and politicians should direct funds into these
proven programs, so that kids are getting the interventions needed to live a life free of crime.
JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 5
References
Greenwood, P. W. (2004). Cost-effective violence prevention through targeted family
interventions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1036, 201-214
Hennigan, K. Kolnick, K., Poplawski, J., Andrews, A., Ball, N., Cheng, C., & Payne, J. (2007).
Phase 1: Survey of interventions and programs—A continuum of graduated responses for
juvenile justice in California. Los Angeles: University of Southern California.
Howell, J.C., & Lipsey, M. W. (2004). A practical approach to evaluating and improving
juvenile justice programs. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 55(1), 35-38.

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Journal Article Critque: An overview of prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders

  • 1. Running head: JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 1 Research Question: Do family centered transitional or community-based intervention programs for juvenile offenders lessen the effect on recidivism rates among urban students versus non-family centered programs? LaKeisha Weber Xavier University of Louisiana In partial fulfillment of the requirements for EDCG 5010 Research Methods Sr. Alicia Costa, S.S.F., Professor February 10, 2014
  • 2. JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 2 Greenwood, P. & Turner, S. (2009). An overview of prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. Victims and Offenders, 4, 365-374. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Critique There has been a strong focus on identifying programs and strategies that help to reduce juvenile delinquency over the past 20 years. Numerous programs declare effectiveness and claim to be the solution to delinquency issues. The purpose of this article was to identify the four ways to identify and determine the efficacy of prevention and intervention programs and strategies. Also, they recognize specific programs and strategies that are proven to be operative in the community, for crime prevention and students in institutions. Using evidence-based models can help to thwart and curve the rates of juvenile delinquency. For a program to be adopted and implemented, it must be recognized as effective. There are four ways to identify the effectiveness of a program; (a) blueprints, (b) program lists, (c) meta-analysis of program evaluations, and (d) cost-benefit analysis. Blueprints is an evaluation method that identifies effective models based on certain criteria, once identified as effective they are used as “blueprints” for the development of future programs. Programs lists are produced by organizations. The references lists identify programs by their screening methods. Using the original model of a program and achieving similar or better results proves efficacy. A meta- analysis of results can truly determine whether or not a program is effective. Lastly, cost-analysis compare the original cost of funding delinquent juveniles to the costs after the juvenile has been
  • 3. JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 3 through rehabilitation. Theoretically, if delinquency is reduced, the program’s fund availability should increase. Once programs are identified, individuals must determine which programs/strategies work and which do not. Using the four methods of evaluating effectiveness, a pyramid was drafted with the most effective programs occupying the very top of the pyramid. The least effective, non-evaluated programs compromised the base of the pyramid. The middle consisted of the programs with some, but not enough evidential support. The researches in this study then used the following 7-level classification system to label the programs and strategies; (1) preferred (Blueprint proven effective programs and strategies), (2) proven (meets three Blueprint qualifications), (3) provisional (single evaluation with crime prevention results), (4) promising (fail to meet provisional standards), (5) potentially promising (design of program has promise) (6) ineffective (no significant effect) and (7) unproven (not at all suitable). Using this scale, the researchers compared the program costs per youth, their effects on crime, government savings, benefits of treatment and overall benefits minus the costs. The method used to analyze the data was not stated. Also, the results of the findings were placed in a table but were not clearly defined. Prevention programs focus mainly on students who are at-risk for specific negative behaviors. This includes pregnancy, smoking, etc. A proven effective program that aims to curb delinquency and criminal behavior is the LifeSkills Training (LST) model. It is a Blueprint endorsed program. To curb problem behaviors and delinquency, family focused interventions were proven effective. The Multisystemic Therapy program is designed to aid parents in managing the negative behaviors of their children. Ineffective programs are the ones that focus solely on the juvenile and not the family as a unit, such as the TV program Scared Straight.
  • 4. JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 4 When a child leaves their home and is placed in an institution (i.e. correctional facility, group home, etc.), there are effective programs to help aid them upon release, as well as reduce the possibility of recidivism. One model is Family Integrated Transition, which recruits the family to assist the juvenile transition from the institution and back to the community. Although evidence –based programs and strategies are effect in diminishing delinquency, these programs are not afforded to enough children. The researchers suggest that evidence-based program reform needs to happen in our country. Individuals working with at-risk youth should be trained to better serve them. That policy makers and politicians should direct funds into these proven programs, so that kids are getting the interventions needed to live a life free of crime.
  • 5. JUVENILE OFFENDERS: TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS AND RECIDIVISM 5 References Greenwood, P. W. (2004). Cost-effective violence prevention through targeted family interventions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1036, 201-214 Hennigan, K. Kolnick, K., Poplawski, J., Andrews, A., Ball, N., Cheng, C., & Payne, J. (2007). Phase 1: Survey of interventions and programs—A continuum of graduated responses for juvenile justice in California. Los Angeles: University of Southern California. Howell, J.C., & Lipsey, M. W. (2004). A practical approach to evaluating and improving juvenile justice programs. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 55(1), 35-38.