English Version - International Declaration against Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil RSPO / Declaración Internacional contra la Mesa Redonda de Aceite de Palma Sostenible
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Leaving FF under the ground - Murmis & Larrea v0-2Maria R. Murmis
This document discusses Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative from 2007-2013, which proposed leaving oil deposits unextracted in the Yasuní National Park in exchange for payments. It aimed to establish a model for keeping fossil fuels in the ground to mitigate climate change. The initiative would have created a UN-administered trust fund to compensate Ecuador from contributions by other nations. While the initiative ultimately failed due to lack of funding, the document argues its mechanisms could still be adopted to responsibly allocate extraction rights and emissions allowances globally, as nations prepare agreements for the 2015 Paris climate conference.
Looking beyond the forest horizon for an effective sust forest managementLuc Gnacadja
It is human development, or at least the quest for it, which caused the conversion of billions of hectares of forests into man-made deserts. To reverse the tide and change such an inherent habit, we must think and operate outside of the “forest” box. We must look beyond the rainforest horizon and embrace holistic approaches to the entire landscape. That is my call. That is my message for you today, if we want to make sustainable forest management a green pathway for human development.
Taking Action: Consumerism and DeforestationJonathan Meza
According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat, the overwhelming direct cause of deforestation is agriculture, with commercial agriculture being responsible for 32% of deforestation. Deforestation contributes to species extinction, habitat loss, and reduction in biodiversity, to name a few ecological issues. With that in mind, I propose taking action by educating consumers about how their spending contributes to the demand of some commercial agriculture products that contributes to the problem of deforestation.
Theme: Interrogating Climate Change, Resource Scarcity and the Paradigm shift...Dr. Dan EKONGWE
This document examines farmer-herder conflicts in Africa that have emerged as new threats to community cohesion. These conflicts are linked to climate change and increasing pressure on resources. As rainfall and grazing lands decline due to climate change, competition for farmland and water intensifies between farmers and herders. This has led to new forms of conflict across many African countries. The document discusses PAID's framework for addressing these issues and proposes ways to promote more sustainable resource management, agricultural innovation, and conflict resolution between farmers and herders.
1) Archer Daniels Midland, a major US corn ethanol producer, plans to expand biofuel production into Brazilian sugarcane ethanol and Indonesian palm oil biodiesel to capitalize on growing global biofuel demand.
2) The expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia to meet biodiesel demand risks further deforestation and associated environmental impacts like carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion.
3) Indonesia has seen large-scale deforestation, with forest cover declining from 162 million hectares in 1950 to 98 million hectares in 2000. The conversion of forests to oil palm plantations threatens biodiversity and local communities.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was established in 1992 by the United Nations to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Conference of Parties (COP) is the governing body that represents all signatories and makes decisions to promote effective implementation of the CBD. Egypt will host COP in 2018. The CBD recognizes the dependence of indigenous communities and women on biological resources and promotes in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts as well as sustainable use of biodiversity.
Plan B 3.0 CHAPTER 1 - A DIFFERENT WORLDStart Loving
The document summarizes the threats posed by environmental degradation and climate change, including accelerating glacier melt, rising sea levels, and failing states. It argues that the current economic model fails to incorporate environmental costs, treating issues like fossil fuel subsidies as deserved. If China and India achieve the same consumption levels as Western nations, it would overwhelm global resources. The author calls for transitioning to a renewable energy and recycling-based economy to avert looming tipping points and protect civilization.
Climate change poses serious threats to the Philippines that will disproportionately impact the poor and vulnerable. The document discusses observed changes like rising temperatures and sea levels. While some responses have emerged, the Philippine government shares responsibility for environmental degradation through policies prioritizing private profits over people. Genuine solutions must recognize climate change's social and economic roots, and place the welfare of people and the environment above all other concerns.
Leaving FF under the ground - Murmis & Larrea v0-2Maria R. Murmis
This document discusses Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative from 2007-2013, which proposed leaving oil deposits unextracted in the Yasuní National Park in exchange for payments. It aimed to establish a model for keeping fossil fuels in the ground to mitigate climate change. The initiative would have created a UN-administered trust fund to compensate Ecuador from contributions by other nations. While the initiative ultimately failed due to lack of funding, the document argues its mechanisms could still be adopted to responsibly allocate extraction rights and emissions allowances globally, as nations prepare agreements for the 2015 Paris climate conference.
Looking beyond the forest horizon for an effective sust forest managementLuc Gnacadja
It is human development, or at least the quest for it, which caused the conversion of billions of hectares of forests into man-made deserts. To reverse the tide and change such an inherent habit, we must think and operate outside of the “forest” box. We must look beyond the rainforest horizon and embrace holistic approaches to the entire landscape. That is my call. That is my message for you today, if we want to make sustainable forest management a green pathway for human development.
Taking Action: Consumerism and DeforestationJonathan Meza
According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) secretariat, the overwhelming direct cause of deforestation is agriculture, with commercial agriculture being responsible for 32% of deforestation. Deforestation contributes to species extinction, habitat loss, and reduction in biodiversity, to name a few ecological issues. With that in mind, I propose taking action by educating consumers about how their spending contributes to the demand of some commercial agriculture products that contributes to the problem of deforestation.
Theme: Interrogating Climate Change, Resource Scarcity and the Paradigm shift...Dr. Dan EKONGWE
This document examines farmer-herder conflicts in Africa that have emerged as new threats to community cohesion. These conflicts are linked to climate change and increasing pressure on resources. As rainfall and grazing lands decline due to climate change, competition for farmland and water intensifies between farmers and herders. This has led to new forms of conflict across many African countries. The document discusses PAID's framework for addressing these issues and proposes ways to promote more sustainable resource management, agricultural innovation, and conflict resolution between farmers and herders.
1) Archer Daniels Midland, a major US corn ethanol producer, plans to expand biofuel production into Brazilian sugarcane ethanol and Indonesian palm oil biodiesel to capitalize on growing global biofuel demand.
2) The expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia and Malaysia to meet biodiesel demand risks further deforestation and associated environmental impacts like carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and soil erosion.
3) Indonesia has seen large-scale deforestation, with forest cover declining from 162 million hectares in 1950 to 98 million hectares in 2000. The conversion of forests to oil palm plantations threatens biodiversity and local communities.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was established in 1992 by the United Nations to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Conference of Parties (COP) is the governing body that represents all signatories and makes decisions to promote effective implementation of the CBD. Egypt will host COP in 2018. The CBD recognizes the dependence of indigenous communities and women on biological resources and promotes in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts as well as sustainable use of biodiversity.
Plan B 3.0 CHAPTER 1 - A DIFFERENT WORLDStart Loving
The document summarizes the threats posed by environmental degradation and climate change, including accelerating glacier melt, rising sea levels, and failing states. It argues that the current economic model fails to incorporate environmental costs, treating issues like fossil fuel subsidies as deserved. If China and India achieve the same consumption levels as Western nations, it would overwhelm global resources. The author calls for transitioning to a renewable energy and recycling-based economy to avert looming tipping points and protect civilization.
Climate change poses serious threats to the Philippines that will disproportionately impact the poor and vulnerable. The document discusses observed changes like rising temperatures and sea levels. While some responses have emerged, the Philippine government shares responsibility for environmental degradation through policies prioritizing private profits over people. Genuine solutions must recognize climate change's social and economic roots, and place the welfare of people and the environment above all other concerns.
1. The conservation of biodiversity is often in conflict with human needs and development, but the concept of sustainable development aims to satisfy present and future human needs while minimizing impacts on biodiversity.
2. Current predictions of rapid human population growth may overwhelm science and technology's ability to prevent environmental degradation unless zero population growth is achieved.
3. Agricultural genetic diversity is important for developing pest and disease resistant crops, and this diversity was traditionally maintained through local cultivation of diverse landraces but is being lost due to modern agriculture practices.
- The document summarizes various important treaties and organizations related to environment conservation. It discusses Ramsar Convention on wetland conservation, UNEP's role in developing guidelines on issues like trade in chemicals and transboundary pollution. It also outlines conventions like CITES for wildlife trade, Stockholm for persistent pollutants, and Minamata for mercury regulation. Various Indian sites under programs on agricultural heritage, wetlands, and protected areas are also mentioned.
India has rich natural resources but they are being depleted rapidly due to overpopulation, overconsumption, and lack of conservation efforts. The government has implemented various programs and missions to promote sustainable management of resources through conservation agriculture, afforestation, population control measures, and educating people on responsible resource use. However, continued conservation efforts are needed to protect India's resources for future generations.
Conservation approaches in many developing countries and its protected areas (PA) are a cornerstone. The concept is often, considered central to protected area designation and management. This work discusses the key issues around contested knowledge and ideologies that have framed the politics of conservation and resource use in exploring the social consequences on local communities of the conservation culture, species threatened with extinction are the focus of maintaining conservation concerns throughout the world. The challenge facing conservation managers will be logically, economically and politically overwhelming. (Conservation policies will need to adapt to include ways of prioritizing actions implementing innovation management approaches, and involving a broader spectrum of society.)
Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture - Forestry Nepalx3G9
This document provides a review of organic farming for sustainable agriculture. It discusses the negative impacts of intensive chemical agriculture on soil, water and the environment. Organic farming aims to maximize the use of organic materials like crop residues, manure, compost and biofertilizers to improve soil health and minimize chemical inputs. Studies have found that microbial biofertilizers like Rhizobium, Azotobacter and blue-green algae can increase yields while reducing the harmful effects of pesticides and herbicides. The document concludes that organic farming is a viable option for sustainable agriculture if given adequate scientific research support.
The document discusses strategies for conserving medicinal plants, which include both in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats as well as ex-situ conservation methods like gene banks, herbal gardens, and nurseries. It outlines threats to medicinal plants from habitat loss and overharvesting and the need to protect endangered species. Various national and international agencies have formulated policies aimed at sustainably using plant resources while preserving biodiversity and supporting traditional knowledge.
1) The palm oil industry in Indonesia has potential for sustainable development through higher yields and sustainable practices rather than expansion, which could help mitigate deforestation.
2) Smallholder farmers producing over 40% of palm oil globally could improve yields through education in sustainable practices like fertilizer recovery from waste, biogas harvesting, and stem utilization.
3) Degraded lands could be reclaimed through oil palm cultivation, which is more productive than other crops on problem soils, providing land restoration opportunities.
1) Deforestation in Malaysia is growing rapidly due to urban development and agriculture, threatening biodiversity.
2) Loss of habitat from deforestation endangers many animal species in Malaysia and could lead to their extinction, such as Malayan tigers, Sumatran rhinos, and orangutans.
3) Deforestation disrupts ecosystems and causes environmental problems like climate change, rising temperatures, and soil erosion that negatively impact both humans and animals.
The document provides an overview of key principles and agreements in international environmental law. It discusses:
1. The fundamental principles of international environmental law, which include state sovereignty, cooperation, sustainable development, and the precautionary principle.
2. Major multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) related to biodiversity conservation, pollution prevention, climate change, and desertification.
3. Important international declarations establishing principles of environmental protection, including the Stockholm Declaration, Rio Declaration, and Johannesburg Declaration.
4. The objectives and measures of key agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to promote conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
The document discusses issues related to air pollution and natural resources in Ethiopia and globally. It notes that deforestation, population growth, and unsustainable agricultural practices are contributing to increasing desertification and soil degradation around the world. In Ethiopia specifically, traditional cooking methods that burn biomass fuels inefficiently are a major source of indoor air pollution. The GTZ-SUN project is working to promote more efficient fuel stoves to reduce biomass usage and improve public awareness of energy and environmental issues in Ethiopia.
The document discusses the environmental and social impacts of palm oil production, including deforestation of tropical rainforests in Indonesia and Malaysia, destruction of orangutan habitats, and displacement of indigenous peoples. It encourages consumers to look for the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) label to ensure palm oil was produced sustainably, and promotes a 28-day challenge to reduce consumption of conflict palm oil and live more sustainably.
Global meets and conferences on EnvironmentT. Tamilselvan
The document summarizes several major global conferences and agreements related to the environment, including:
- The UNCCUR in 1949 which focused on international cooperation around natural resource management.
- The Ramsar Convention of 1971 which aims to conserve and sustainably use wetlands through local and national action. It has over 2,000 designated wetland sites.
- The World Heritage Convention of 1972 which identifies and helps protect important cultural and natural sites around the world.
- The Washington Convention (CITES) of 1973 which regulates international trade in endangered species and has protected over 35,000 plant and animal species.
- The Montreal Protocol of 1987 which is aimed at protecting the ozone layer and has been
The document is a whitepaper on the global biofuel market that provides an overview and analysis. It discusses key topics like:
- Types of biofuels including conventional, second, third, and fourth generation biofuels produced from sources like food/non-food crops and algae.
- Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels including costs, land use, and output.
- Regional production data showing Asia Pacific as the fastest growing region led by China and Indonesia.
- Factors influencing the recent decline in global production led by a drop in US production due to drought, fuel demand decreases, and policy shifts.
- Country-level data on ethanol and biodiesel production globally.
-
The document discusses several methods for protecting marine biodiversity, why it is difficult, and case studies of protection efforts. In 3 sentences:
Laws, economic incentives, and marine reserves help sustain marine biodiversity, but overfishing, unregulated development, and viewing oceans as endless resources threaten species. Several international agreements and US acts have provided legal protections for endangered marine species. Case studies demonstrate how community management, protected areas, and restoration efforts can help conserve species like sea turtles and restore damaged ecosystems like the Florida Everglades.
The Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 to conserve forests in India. It defines forests as land with trees, plants and organisms, and categorizes six main forest types - tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub, temperate rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, and evergreen coniferous forest. The Act aims to protect forests by restricting non-forestry activities and requiring central government approval for activities like mining or deforestation. It also establishes committees to advise on forest conservation and provides legal means to stop illegal deforestation.
The document discusses several global environmental conventions aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. It describes conventions related to wetlands (Ramsar, 1971), the environment (Stockholm, 1972), wildlife trade (CITES, 1973), ozone depletion (Vienna, 1985), hazardous waste (Basel, 1989), biodiversity (1992), climate change (UNFCCC, 1992), and persistent organic pollutants (Stockholm, 2001). The conventions establish frameworks for international cooperation, legally binding agreements, and protocols to address pressing environmental issues.
Cbd convention on biological diversity, environment and ecologysonalidalal4
The document summarizes key aspects of several international agreements related to protecting biodiversity:
1. The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to conserve biodiversity, sustainably use its components, and fairly share benefits from genetic resources. It recognizes that biodiversity is unevenly distributed and developing countries bear a disproportionate conservation burden.
2. The 2000 Cartagena Protocol regulates transboundary movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from biotechnology. It establishes procedures for advance informed agreement and risk assessment of LMOs intended for introduction into the environment or use as food/feed.
3. The 2010 Nagoya Protocol provides a legal framework for access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing.
This document provides an overview of several key international environmental conventions, policies, and protocols. It summarizes the objectives and key articles of conventions related to biodiversity, climate change, hazardous waste, and more. Major agreements discussed include the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The document also provides details on the origins and objectives of the UN conferences that led to the establishment of these global environmental treaties.
The document discusses several causes and effects of deforestation and environmental degradation. It notes that over 12 million hectares of natural forest are lost annually, mainly due to selective logging and forest fires. Deforestation leads to soil erosion, climate change, species extinction and changes to local ecosystems. Some of the largest drivers of deforestation are logging, cattle ranching, agriculture and mining. Reducing consumption, recycling, and shifting to renewable energy and green transportation can help limit further environmental degradation.
The document discusses the relationship between international trade and the environment. It notes that while trade rules were established before environmental concerns became prominent, there is now an increased potential for conflict as both environmental regulations and trade have expanded rapidly. Trade liberalization could have both positive and negative environmental effects depending on context. Countries are concerned about the environmental impacts of trade as well as how domestic environmental policies might restrict trade more than necessary. Stronger environmental standards in some countries could also impact their competitiveness. Overall, the trade and environmental regimes have developed separately and more coordination is now needed to address potential conflicts.
1. The conservation of biodiversity is often in conflict with human needs and development, but the concept of sustainable development aims to satisfy present and future human needs while minimizing impacts on biodiversity.
2. Current predictions of rapid human population growth may overwhelm science and technology's ability to prevent environmental degradation unless zero population growth is achieved.
3. Agricultural genetic diversity is important for developing pest and disease resistant crops, and this diversity was traditionally maintained through local cultivation of diverse landraces but is being lost due to modern agriculture practices.
- The document summarizes various important treaties and organizations related to environment conservation. It discusses Ramsar Convention on wetland conservation, UNEP's role in developing guidelines on issues like trade in chemicals and transboundary pollution. It also outlines conventions like CITES for wildlife trade, Stockholm for persistent pollutants, and Minamata for mercury regulation. Various Indian sites under programs on agricultural heritage, wetlands, and protected areas are also mentioned.
India has rich natural resources but they are being depleted rapidly due to overpopulation, overconsumption, and lack of conservation efforts. The government has implemented various programs and missions to promote sustainable management of resources through conservation agriculture, afforestation, population control measures, and educating people on responsible resource use. However, continued conservation efforts are needed to protect India's resources for future generations.
Conservation approaches in many developing countries and its protected areas (PA) are a cornerstone. The concept is often, considered central to protected area designation and management. This work discusses the key issues around contested knowledge and ideologies that have framed the politics of conservation and resource use in exploring the social consequences on local communities of the conservation culture, species threatened with extinction are the focus of maintaining conservation concerns throughout the world. The challenge facing conservation managers will be logically, economically and politically overwhelming. (Conservation policies will need to adapt to include ways of prioritizing actions implementing innovation management approaches, and involving a broader spectrum of society.)
Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture - Forestry Nepalx3G9
This document provides a review of organic farming for sustainable agriculture. It discusses the negative impacts of intensive chemical agriculture on soil, water and the environment. Organic farming aims to maximize the use of organic materials like crop residues, manure, compost and biofertilizers to improve soil health and minimize chemical inputs. Studies have found that microbial biofertilizers like Rhizobium, Azotobacter and blue-green algae can increase yields while reducing the harmful effects of pesticides and herbicides. The document concludes that organic farming is a viable option for sustainable agriculture if given adequate scientific research support.
The document discusses strategies for conserving medicinal plants, which include both in-situ conservation of plants in their natural habitats as well as ex-situ conservation methods like gene banks, herbal gardens, and nurseries. It outlines threats to medicinal plants from habitat loss and overharvesting and the need to protect endangered species. Various national and international agencies have formulated policies aimed at sustainably using plant resources while preserving biodiversity and supporting traditional knowledge.
1) The palm oil industry in Indonesia has potential for sustainable development through higher yields and sustainable practices rather than expansion, which could help mitigate deforestation.
2) Smallholder farmers producing over 40% of palm oil globally could improve yields through education in sustainable practices like fertilizer recovery from waste, biogas harvesting, and stem utilization.
3) Degraded lands could be reclaimed through oil palm cultivation, which is more productive than other crops on problem soils, providing land restoration opportunities.
1) Deforestation in Malaysia is growing rapidly due to urban development and agriculture, threatening biodiversity.
2) Loss of habitat from deforestation endangers many animal species in Malaysia and could lead to their extinction, such as Malayan tigers, Sumatran rhinos, and orangutans.
3) Deforestation disrupts ecosystems and causes environmental problems like climate change, rising temperatures, and soil erosion that negatively impact both humans and animals.
The document provides an overview of key principles and agreements in international environmental law. It discusses:
1. The fundamental principles of international environmental law, which include state sovereignty, cooperation, sustainable development, and the precautionary principle.
2. Major multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) related to biodiversity conservation, pollution prevention, climate change, and desertification.
3. Important international declarations establishing principles of environmental protection, including the Stockholm Declaration, Rio Declaration, and Johannesburg Declaration.
4. The objectives and measures of key agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to promote conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
The document discusses issues related to air pollution and natural resources in Ethiopia and globally. It notes that deforestation, population growth, and unsustainable agricultural practices are contributing to increasing desertification and soil degradation around the world. In Ethiopia specifically, traditional cooking methods that burn biomass fuels inefficiently are a major source of indoor air pollution. The GTZ-SUN project is working to promote more efficient fuel stoves to reduce biomass usage and improve public awareness of energy and environmental issues in Ethiopia.
The document discusses the environmental and social impacts of palm oil production, including deforestation of tropical rainforests in Indonesia and Malaysia, destruction of orangutan habitats, and displacement of indigenous peoples. It encourages consumers to look for the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) label to ensure palm oil was produced sustainably, and promotes a 28-day challenge to reduce consumption of conflict palm oil and live more sustainably.
Global meets and conferences on EnvironmentT. Tamilselvan
The document summarizes several major global conferences and agreements related to the environment, including:
- The UNCCUR in 1949 which focused on international cooperation around natural resource management.
- The Ramsar Convention of 1971 which aims to conserve and sustainably use wetlands through local and national action. It has over 2,000 designated wetland sites.
- The World Heritage Convention of 1972 which identifies and helps protect important cultural and natural sites around the world.
- The Washington Convention (CITES) of 1973 which regulates international trade in endangered species and has protected over 35,000 plant and animal species.
- The Montreal Protocol of 1987 which is aimed at protecting the ozone layer and has been
The document is a whitepaper on the global biofuel market that provides an overview and analysis. It discusses key topics like:
- Types of biofuels including conventional, second, third, and fourth generation biofuels produced from sources like food/non-food crops and algae.
- Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels including costs, land use, and output.
- Regional production data showing Asia Pacific as the fastest growing region led by China and Indonesia.
- Factors influencing the recent decline in global production led by a drop in US production due to drought, fuel demand decreases, and policy shifts.
- Country-level data on ethanol and biodiesel production globally.
-
The document discusses several methods for protecting marine biodiversity, why it is difficult, and case studies of protection efforts. In 3 sentences:
Laws, economic incentives, and marine reserves help sustain marine biodiversity, but overfishing, unregulated development, and viewing oceans as endless resources threaten species. Several international agreements and US acts have provided legal protections for endangered marine species. Case studies demonstrate how community management, protected areas, and restoration efforts can help conserve species like sea turtles and restore damaged ecosystems like the Florida Everglades.
The Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 to conserve forests in India. It defines forests as land with trees, plants and organisms, and categorizes six main forest types - tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub, temperate rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, and evergreen coniferous forest. The Act aims to protect forests by restricting non-forestry activities and requiring central government approval for activities like mining or deforestation. It also establishes committees to advise on forest conservation and provides legal means to stop illegal deforestation.
The document discusses several global environmental conventions aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. It describes conventions related to wetlands (Ramsar, 1971), the environment (Stockholm, 1972), wildlife trade (CITES, 1973), ozone depletion (Vienna, 1985), hazardous waste (Basel, 1989), biodiversity (1992), climate change (UNFCCC, 1992), and persistent organic pollutants (Stockholm, 2001). The conventions establish frameworks for international cooperation, legally binding agreements, and protocols to address pressing environmental issues.
Cbd convention on biological diversity, environment and ecologysonalidalal4
The document summarizes key aspects of several international agreements related to protecting biodiversity:
1. The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to conserve biodiversity, sustainably use its components, and fairly share benefits from genetic resources. It recognizes that biodiversity is unevenly distributed and developing countries bear a disproportionate conservation burden.
2. The 2000 Cartagena Protocol regulates transboundary movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from biotechnology. It establishes procedures for advance informed agreement and risk assessment of LMOs intended for introduction into the environment or use as food/feed.
3. The 2010 Nagoya Protocol provides a legal framework for access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing.
This document provides an overview of several key international environmental conventions, policies, and protocols. It summarizes the objectives and key articles of conventions related to biodiversity, climate change, hazardous waste, and more. Major agreements discussed include the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. The document also provides details on the origins and objectives of the UN conferences that led to the establishment of these global environmental treaties.
The document discusses several causes and effects of deforestation and environmental degradation. It notes that over 12 million hectares of natural forest are lost annually, mainly due to selective logging and forest fires. Deforestation leads to soil erosion, climate change, species extinction and changes to local ecosystems. Some of the largest drivers of deforestation are logging, cattle ranching, agriculture and mining. Reducing consumption, recycling, and shifting to renewable energy and green transportation can help limit further environmental degradation.
The document discusses the relationship between international trade and the environment. It notes that while trade rules were established before environmental concerns became prominent, there is now an increased potential for conflict as both environmental regulations and trade have expanded rapidly. Trade liberalization could have both positive and negative environmental effects depending on context. Countries are concerned about the environmental impacts of trade as well as how domestic environmental policies might restrict trade more than necessary. Stronger environmental standards in some countries could also impact their competitiveness. Overall, the trade and environmental regimes have developed separately and more coordination is now needed to address potential conflicts.
Forests are vital for biodiversity and life on Earth. Deforestation, the permanent destruction of forests, is a major threat. Humans clear forest lands for many reasons like logging, farming, ranching, mining, and urban development. The main drivers of deforestation are economic needs of communities and industries. Crops like soy and palm oil are major contributors and destroy habitats. High demand for wood and paper also fuels deforestation. Animal grazing and infrastructure development like roads and settlements increase deforestation. Deforestation has negative economic and environmental impacts through increased greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and loss of species.
Deforestation awareness of a great problem. Ghayth Dabbagh
This document defines and discusses deforestation. It begins by noting that forests cover 31% of land and provide vital benefits like oxygen, habitat, food, water and medicine for over 1.6 billion people. Deforestation is then defined as the removal of forests to convert land to non-forest use, like agriculture. The main causes of deforestation are clearing land for housing and agriculture as well as logging, mining and dams. The effects include increased erosion, disrupted water cycles, reduced biodiversity, economic impacts and climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. Solutions proposed are policies limiting deforestation, reforestation, supporting anti-deforestation groups, reducing paper usage and educating others.
Soil is fundamental, fragile and finite. It impacts everything from food and health to conflict and migration. Deeper understanding of its degradation raises the significance of soil to equal that of climate change and biodiversity loss.
We know that the quality of our soil is the key to the food we grow, the clothes we wear and the water we drink. It recycles nutrients, sequesters carbon, is fundamental to biodiversity, helps keep our ecosystems in balance and is an essential part of our general wellbeing. But, although soil represents the difference between survival and extinction for most terrestrial life, human activities have caused it harm leading to compaction, loss of structure, nutrient degradation, increasing salinity and denuding landscapes. Furthermore, the urgent need to preserve soil receives relatively little attention from governments. An unsung hero of our planet, it is fragile, infinitely important and finite. Why do we treat it with such disregard?
As part of the World in 2030 programme, this foresight explores the future of soil and the stresses ahead https://www.futureagenda.org/foresights/peaksoil/
Deforestation. Environental Science College Course First YearTheDeathWhoRidestheP
Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world for other land uses like agriculture, urbanization, and mining. The main causes of deforestation are agriculture, accounting for around 80% of deforestation, infrastructure development which causes around 15% of deforestation, and urbanization which causes around 5% of deforestation. Deforestation has negative consequences like loss of biodiversity, impacts on local livelihoods, soil erosion, and contribution to climate change. Major areas experiencing deforestation are the Amazon rainforest, Indonesia and Borneo, and Africa. Potential solutions include reducing meat consumption, sustainable consumption practices, protecting forests through policy and certification, and educating communities about forest protection.
Why agriculture is a major environmental polluterCSR-in-Action
Did you know that agriculture poses one of the biggest dangers to the planet with carbon dioxide emission – the main contributor to global warming? How can the growing global population be fed while reducing environmental footprints? In this article, we discuss the impact agriculture has on our environment while proffering solutions for sustainable agriculture.
This document discusses key environmental issues and conservation efforts. It provides facts on issues like access to clean water and the impacts of deforestation and climate change. It then summarizes challenges in South Africa, including high biodiversity threatened by habitat loss, water scarcity exacerbated by population growth, and an energy system reliant on coal. Conservation efforts in the country aim to protect natural resources and transition to renewable energy, but implementation of laws and policies remains a challenge. Supporting environmental sustainability through projects that enlist leadership and develop local expertise can help address issues in a sustainable way.
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Poyry - How must plantation forestry change to survive? - Point of ViewPöyry
There is growing global evidence that in order to survive, plantation forestry 1 must change. Moving beyond supplying pulp and paper producers and wood products manufacturers, global forestry players must now meet
increasing demands from new bioenergy producers, compete for land and water with food growers, deal with changing societal beliefs about sustainability, and comply with complex environmental regulations.
Declaration ; Agrofuels As An Obstacle To Food And Energy SovereigntyPeople Power
The document is a declaration from organizations and social movements opposing agrofuels and the agroindustrial model. It makes several key points:
1) Agrofuels are intrinsically unsustainable as they lead to monocultures, land concentration, intensive chemical use, and destruction of ecosystems.
2) Agrofuel production threatens food security by competing for land and water with food crops.
3) The agrofuel industry in Brazil is only viable due to heavy government subsidies and turns a blind eye to social and environmental problems.
4) As an alternative, the document advocates for energy and food sovereignty based on small farmers, local economies, and renewable decentralized energy to meet local needs.
Deforestation is the loss of forest habitat due to natural or human causes such as agriculture, mining, cattle farming, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and desertification. Agriculture is a major cause of deforestation as crops like rice, palm oil, coffee, and cocoa are grown to feed people and produce fuel, often clearing new land as soil fertility declines. Deforestation damages the atmosphere by polluting it with smoke and carbon emissions, degrades soils, and contributes to climate change as vegetation is commonly burned to clear land, releasing carbon dioxide. Efforts to control deforestation include programs established in the Kyoto Protocol as well as forest management, laws, and reforestation.
Section A discusses how governments often subsidize the exploitation of natural resources, which damages the environment and the economy. Eliminating these subsidies could benefit both the environment and economic efficiency.
Section B explains that farming affects one third of the Earth's land area and that world food output has increased mainly through higher crop yields from existing farmland and some expansion onto new land, using more irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides.
Section D describes how government subsidies in rich countries drive up land prices and encourage farmers to use more fertilizers and pesticides to increase crop yields per acre, leading to increased use of these chemicals in some European countries.
This document discusses ConocoPhillips' oil exploration activities in the Peruvian Amazon and the associated socio-environmental risks. It notes that the region has high biodiversity and is home to indigenous communities, and that the Peruvian government has weak environmental and indigenous rights protections. The operations risk legal issues from impacts to human rights or the environment. Recommendations include withdrawing from concessions in sensitive areas, obtaining free and informed consent from indigenous groups, and establishing no-go zones to protect isolated indigenous peoples.
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(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
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Rspo International Declaration
1. International Declaration against the
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
(RSPO)
In defence of Human Rights, Food Sovereignty,
Biodiversity and Climate Justice
Ironically, on 16 October 2008, World Food and Food Sovereignty Day, a meeting
will start in Cartagena (Colombia) to promote monoculture oil palm plantations,
that are precisely the cause of so many violations of the Right to Food and contrary
to food sovereignty insofar as they undermine the peoples’ right to produce their
own food according to their territorial conditions and their food culture.
The First Latin American Meeting of the “Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil” (RSPO)
is a meeting of the board of directors of the Roundtable and representatives of
companies involved in the oil palm agro-industry in Latin America, seeking to “acquire
the corresponding certification from RSPO mainly in order to put palm oil, its
derivatives and products on international markets.”1
This is yet another attempt at
“green-washing” the agro-industry, in response to all the negative publicity that it has
had regarding the food crisis and in response to widespread world social and political
opposition to expansion plans for the present model of agrofuel production.2
In Colombia, social and environmental organisations denounce that “Roundtable on
Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), is based on the false premise of establishing criteria for
sustainability and giving a stamp of approval to palm plantations, in order to sell the
product with social and environmental guarantees, thus seeking to legitimize a harmful
business that infringes on the rights of indigenous, Afro-Colombian and peasant
communities. At the same time as it seriously impacts lands and natural heritage
through a strategy that seeks to facilitate the marketing of products derived from the oil
palm, the RSPO generates only higher dividends, and not solutions to the conflicts that
are created. In fact, no certification process can guarantee such solutions”.
Palm oil is a strategic raw material in the agribusiness sector as it is the most marketed
and consumed vegetable oil in the world, used as food and in industrial and energy
products. It is produced for export to global markets (basically the EU, China, India,
and the US) in tropical zones, under a regime of large-scale monoculture.
The negative consequences of monoculture oil palm plantations are tangible in
Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua-New Guinea, Cameroon, Uganda, Côte d’Ivoire, Cambodia
and Thailand and also in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico,
Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Below we give some details of these negative impacts:
• Deforestation of tropical forests
Monoculture plantations replace tropical forests and other ecosystems, leading to
serious deforestation together with loss of biodiversity, flooding, the worsening of
droughts, soil erosion, pollution of water courses and the apparition of pests due to a
1
http://www.fedepalma.org
2
The 6th Annual Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil and the 5th Annual General Assembly of Members
is to be held in Bali (Indonesia) on 28 November 2008.
2. breakdown in the ecological balance and to changes in food chains. They also endanger
the conservation of water, soil, flora and fauna. Forest degradation diminishes their
climatic functions and their disappearance affects humanity as a whole.
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Forests has identified government policies
replacing forests by industrial tree plantations – such as the oil palm – together with the
advance of agricultural frontiers under pressure from monoculture plantations, as the
causes of deforestation and forest degradation.
The expansion of oil palm trees is the first cause of deforestation in Malaysia and
Indonesia. In both countries, the deforestation rate has dramatically increased over the
past few years, parallel to the expansion of the oil palm. In the case of Malaysia it rose
by 86% between 1990 and 2000 and between 2000 and 2005, while oil palm plantations
extended over 4.2 million hectares. Indonesia, with the most extensive area under oil
palm plantation has the highest rate of tropical forest destruction in the world.
• More Climate Change
At present deforestation in the world is the second largest source contributing to
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In many countries, the expansion of
monoculture oil palm plantations has taken place at the expense of peatland degradation
and burning and of deforestation.
Various scientific studies3
warn that the destruction of peatlands4
involves at least 8% of
world CO2 emissions responsible for Climate Change. It is estimated that due to
peatland degradation, between 136 million and 1.42 million tons of CO2, are released
periodically in Southeast Asia, in addition to emissions from deforestation, loss of soil
carbon, use of nitrogen fertilizers, emissions from farm machinery and loss of CO2
sinks. Satellite images show forest fires in Indonesia in the areas where there is greater
carbon trapping in the soil, a product of deforestation practices related with palm oil
production. Palm oil resulting from deforestation is sold to multinational corporations
such as Unilever, Nestlé and Procter & Gamble, and other major food, cosmetic and
agrofuel brands.
Furthermore, palm oil is being used for the industrial production of agrofuels, in the
midst of the climate change crisis caused by indiscriminate burning of fossil fuels.
Nevertheless, the Swedish Government, among many other institutions, has recognized
in a study by the National Highway Authority that “increasing the amount of bio-fuel by
importing palm oil may increase the emission of CO2 instead of reducing it”.5
3
Hooijer, A., Silvius, M., Wösten, H. and Page, S. 2006. PEAT-CO2, Assessment of CO2 emissions from
drained peatlands in SE Asia. Delft Hydraulics report Q3943 (2006).
4
Peatland covers 3% of the terrestrial surface (close on 4 million km2) and traps an important amount of
carbon in the earth (some 528.000 million tons M/t), the equivalent to one-third of all the carbon
reservoirs and 70 times more than the annual emissions of CO2 from burning fossil fuels (approximately
7,000 Mt/year in 2006 equivalent to carbon and 26,000 Mt/year in CO2). This mega reservoir of carbon
dioxide is being released little by little into the atmosphere by: (1) draining of peatlands leading to their
oxidation on entering into contact with the air, resulting in huge emissions of CO2; and (2) intentional
forest fires (dry peat causes an even greater ignition hazard and, in a scenario of higher temperatures due
to Climate Change, we are talking about a vicious circle).
5
Vägverket: Climate neutral freight transports on road – a scientific prestudy. 2007.
http://publikationswebbutik.vv.se/upload/3547/2007_111_klimatneutrala_godstransporter_pa_vag_en_vet
3. • A threat to millions of indigenous people
According to the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, 60 million indigenous
people all over the world run the risk of loosing their land and means of subsistence due
to the expansion of plantations to produce agro-energy. Of these, 5 million people are
located in Borneo (Indonesia) where the indigenous communities are threatened by
plans for the expansion of oil palm plantations. What is more, the Government of
Malaysia does not even recognize ancestral or indigenous territorial rights. Plantations
are being established in lands claimed by indigenous communities and the Government
has foreseen establishing another million hectares of new oil palm plantations on
indigenous land. Similar situations also occur in other countries.
The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Forests identified the lack of recognition by the
State of territorial rights and of the right to use forests and other resources of indigenous
and other peoples who depend on forests, such as the Afro-Colombian communities, as
the causes of deforestation.
As an example we mention the strategic plan for the plantation of agrofuel species just
for the State of Chiapas (Mexico) – a spearhead and national example – establishing as
a potential area in this State, 900,000 ha (one-seventh of the total area of the State). Two
nurseries for African palm trees have already been established to the south of the
Lacandona Forest, the largest nurseries in Latin America. This megaproject has been
labelled as ecocidal and ethnocidal by allowing and encouraging individual land
deeding and the subsequent privatization of lands belonging to indigenous peoples and
peasant communities, known in Mexico as ejidos and common lands.
• Illegal appropriation of land, land tenure conflicts and violation of human
rights
The occupation of territories by monoculture oil palm plantations has been done at the
expense of local communities’ rights and has led to the destruction of their social web,
their culture and biologically diverse ecosystems, thus damaging the means of
subsistence on which their lives depend. Indigenous communities and Afro-descendent
communities have been violently evicted or forced to displacement. Sometimes, through
State violence or that of other armed parties, deception and pressure, they end up by
renting out, selling or loosing their lands.
In the case of Colombia, the expansion of oil palm plantations is related to serious
human rights abuse and violation. International NGOs in Colombia have documented
113 murders in the river basin of the Curvaradó and Jiguamiandó rivers in the Choco
region, in the hands of paramilitary forces working with palm-growing companies to
enable them to allocate lands that legally belong to Afro-Colombian communities. The
paramilitary forces operate with the support of Brigade 17 of the Colombian Armed
Forces and are responsible for 13 forced displacements. The paramilitary strategy used
in complicity with Colombian Armed Forces includes an economic blockade, selective
murdering, massacres and torture. In spite of the evidence showing that the
establishment of these oil palm plantations is illegal (as has been recognized by the
Office of the General Attorney and Defender of the People of Colombia and the Inter-
American Commission on Human Rights, etc.) and showing the destruction of human
enskaplig_forstudie.pdf
4. lives, the Colombian government has not taken any effective measures to prevent the
situation or to return the land to the Afro-Colombian communities.
The expansion of monoculture plantations threatens the lives, lands and habits of Afro-
descendent, indigenous and peasant communities, not only in the Choco but also in
Tumaco, Magdalena Medio, Vichada, Meta and the Amazon regions. According to the
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, 200,000 people are displaced every year in
Colombia, amounting to 4 million over the past 20 years – the second highest rate of
displacement in the world – with the expropriation of over 6 million hectares of land.
Most of the forced displacements are directly related to land issues, including the
expansion of monoculture palm plantations.
In Indonesia conflicts have increased over the expansion of oil palm plantations: the
large companies are illegally expropriating the farmers’ lands and hiring private
surveillance to impose a state of fact. In 2006 alone, 350 agrarian conflicts and 1,753
cases of violation of Human Rights were recorded.
In Ecuador, oil palm plantations have caused the loss of unique primary forests that
were part of community and ancestral lands, depleting sources of water, food, medicine,
spirituality and culture. Presently the Government’s Agrarian and Forestry Plan
foresees establishing over 450,000 ha of oil palm plantations, among other monoculture
plantations for the production of agrofuel. This will occupy tropical forests and food
crops on indigenous, Afro-Ecuadoran and peasant community territories. Their human
right to water will be severely violated.
• Increase in the use of agrochemicals
The RSPO “Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Production of Oil Palm” permit the
use of very toxic pesticides that are extremely harmful for human and environmental
health. Under their present form, the criteria serve the interests of the pesticide industry
and not the health of palm oil plantation workers.
Although for many years now complaints have been made over the noxious effects of
the use of Paraquat (its largest world producer is Syngenta) or Gramoxone on the health
of women and men who work in monoculture palm oil plantations, every year tens of
thousands of workers are contaminated by these agrochemicals and many die from
being in contact with these extremely dangerous pesticides.
• Violation of the Right to food and food sovereignty
Food sovereignty is the right of peoples to nutritious and culturally appropriate,
accessible food, produced in a sustainable and ecological manner and their right to
decide on their own food and productive system.
The production of palm oil in the present globalized economic model of industrial
agriculture – with large-scale monoculture plantations – and at the pace of economic
interests, involves competition with food production. Another matter for concern is the
counter Agrarian reform that accompanies this model, in which large industrial groups
take over the control of vast stretches of land, thus strengthening labour exploitation,
rural-urban migration, poverty, social conflicts and violation of Human Rights.
Presently there are over 1000 million people in the world suffering from hunger and
5. malnutrition. The UN World Food Programme estimates that some other 100 million
people are unable to eat because of the steep rise in food prices over the past three years.
The reasons are complex however, according to a confidential report of the World Bank
agrofuels have led to a rise of up to 75% in the price of food – a much higher increase
than previously thought. And there is a clear consensus among international
organizations that the growing demand for raw materials for agro-energy is an important
factor. Also, the OECD concluded that between 2005 and 2007 “up to 60% of the
increase in food prices responded to the use of cereals and vegetable oils for the bio-fuel
industry.”
This agro-industrial model also accelerates Climate Change, which in turn increases the
loss of fertile soil and consequently, leads to famine. It may be affirmed that if this
model is not curbed, it will lead to a deliberate increase in the number of starving people
in the world and of conflicts over land tenure, which would be a crime of lese-humanity.
In the case of Guatemala for example, mega oil palm projects have been implemented
for the production of agri-diesel, causing an accelerated change in land use, that could
affect the food sovereignty of rural areas and also lead to the displacement of large
contingents of the peasant population.6
Who wins with the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil?
The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) - a voluntary certification process
promoted by large NGOs and industry – is an initiative contrary to peoples’ interests.
Declarations by actors involved in RSPO such as the Indonesian Palm Producers
Association (GAPKI), give a clear picture showing that it is a tool for the expansion of
the palm oil business and not an authentic strategy to contain its environmental and
social impacts. Many of the RSPO member companies continue to destroy vast
stretches of rainforest and to violate human rights, such as in the case of Wilmar
International on the Isle of Bugala (Uganda) and in Indonesia, PT SMART, Agro Group
and IOI Group in Indonesia, FEDEPALMA in Colombia, or Unilever in Indonesia,
Malaysia and Côte d’Ivoire.
The way this RSPO initiative is presented in Colombia, regarding its approach and
actors involved, shows that the main interest in this process of “palm oil sustainability”
is purely commercial. There is no authentic intention of curbing social impacts and
impacts on human rights but rather to silence serious crimes, irregularities and
paramilitary control related to the oil palm agri-business.
We reject the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) because:
- The principles and criteria proposed by RSPO to define sustainability include large-
scale plantations
- RSPO is designed to legitimate the continuous expansion of the palm oil industry.
- Any model that includes the conversion of natural habitats into large-scale
monoculture plantations cannot, by definition, be sustainable.
6
http://www.biodiversidadla.org/content/view/full/44362 - http://www.inforpressca.com/index.php
6. - RSPO is interested in economic growth and opening up markets in the palm oil sector,
but not in social and environmental sustainability.
- RSPO is dominated by the industry and does not genuinely consult affected
communities.
- The participation of NGOs in RSPO only legitimates an unacceptable process. Major
organizations, such as the WWF promote and endorse this process which does not
address the real problems of the affected populations of the South, but only worsens
them.
- RSPO’s scheme enables companies to certify individual plantations, eluding overall
assessment of their whole production. The “star” plantation enables them to show
themselves as being “environmentally responsible” although they act in an irresponsible
social and environmental manner. This has already happened in the past with other
certification systems for industrial tree plantations, such as FSC’s forest certification
system.
- RSPO is yet another attempt at camouflaging and denying the true situation, providing
“a green-wash” to make a model of production that is intrinsically destructive and
socially and environmentally unsustainable, appear to be “responsible.”
Furthermore we denounce that, without paying due attention to all the impacts of
incalculable dimensions, the European Union and other organizations and institutions
are attempting to prepare formal sustainability criteria for the production of raw
material for agrofuels. However, the cultivation of oil palms, like all other industrial
monoculture plantations, IS NOT and NEVER will be, sustainable.
Much of the damage caused by the oil palm agro-industry in tropical countries is
already irreparable. Nevertheless, through this declaration we demand:
* Total paralysation of further deforestation and conversion of land use to oil palm
cultivation; no further destruction of a single hectare more of natural ecosystems.
* The cancellation of trade relations between companies purchasing palm oil and
suppliers destroying forests and peatlands as they are responsible for or benefit from
violating Human Rights.
* Protection of the human rights of indigenous peoples, Afro-descendent people and
peasant communities affected by large-scale monoculture plantations.
* Guarantees for the overall reparation of human and environmental damage generated
by the imposition of large-scale monoculture plantations and by the violation of human
rights by State forces and private companies. Truth, Justice and Reparation for the
victims.
* Resolution of all existing land conflicts linked to monoculture palm plantations. This
implies immediate restitution of the ancestral lands of Afro-Colombian communities
and indigenous peoples affected by monoculture plantations and the implementation of
Convention 169 of the International Labour Organization (ILO).
7. * Respect for local communities’ land and territorial rights.
*Hearing, addressing and resolving legal suits, complaints and other claims launched by
the affected communities.
* Preventing agri-business lobby organizations, such as RSPO, from serving as a
justification for the indiscriminate expansion of oil palm growing, and from
guaranteeing a high level of agri-business, which only benefits large companies at the
expense of the future of peoples and the planet.
* An immediate moratorium on the incentives of the EU and others to agrofuel and
agro-energy produced by extensive monoculture plantations, including tree plantations,
and a moratorium on imports. This includes the immediate suspension of all obligatory
percentages and incentives such as tax exemption and subventions benefitting agrofuel
from monoculture plantations, including those funded by carbon trading mechanisms,
international development aid or credits granted by International Funding Agencies such
as the World Bank.
We are still in time to radically change our methods of producing, transforming,
trading and consuming farm produce. To do this, for example we must:
* Halt industrial food production that is contributing to climate change and to the
destruction of small rural communities.
* End privatization of natural resources.
* Dismantle agri-business companies, financial speculation with raw material and
economic and trade policies responsible for the food crisis (and emergency).
* Replace industrialized agriculture by sustainable peasant and family agriculture
supported by real Agrarian Reform programmes.
* Promote sustainable energy policies. Consume less energy and produce solar and
wind energy and biogas locally instead of promoting large-scale agrofuel as is the case
at present.
* Implement agricultural and trade policies at local, national and international levels
supporting sustainable peasant agriculture and consumption of local and ecological
food. This includes the total abolition of subventions that lead to unfair competition
through subsidised food.
Alternative Network against Impunity and Market Globalisation, (Red de
Alternativas contra la Impunidad y la Globalización del Mercado)
If your organization wishes to support this declaration, or for questions or
comments please send an e-mail containing the name of your organization and
country to:
unsustainablepalmoil@gmail.com
8. Adhieren a esta declaración:
1. Acción Ecológica, Ecuador
2. Acción por la Biodiversidad, Argentina
3. Agua Sustentable, Bolivia
4. AMODE, Mozambique
5. Asociación HESED-JUSTICIA, España
6. Asociación Katio, España
7. Asociación para la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica, España
8. Associaçao para o Desenvolvimento e Democracia, Mozambique
9. Base Investigaciones Sociales BASEIS, Paraguay
10. Basler Appell gegen Gentechnologie, Suiza
11. Biofuelwatch, Reino Unido
12. Campaña "No te comas el Mundo", Estado español
13. Centro Balducci, Italia
14. Club Unesco di Udine, Italia
15. Comisión Intereclesial de Justicia y Paz, Colombia
16. Comisión Permanente de Derechos Humanos, Colombia
17. Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO), Países Bajos
18. Earth Peoples,
19. Ecological Society of the Philippines, Filipinas
20. Ecologistas en Acción, España
21. Entrepueblos, España
22. FDCL - Centro de Investigación y Documentación Chile - Latinoamérica,
Alemania
23. France Amérique Latine, Francia
24. Global Indigenous Peoples Movement, USA
25. Grupo de Reflexión Rural, Argentina
26. Grupo de Trabajo Suiza Colombia, Suiza
27. Lasojamata, Holanda
28. Latinamerican Network against Monoculture Tree Plantations
29. Maderas del Pueblo - Chiapas, México
30. Movimiento Ambientalista de Olancho MAO, Honduras
31. Movimiento Madre Tierra (miembro de FoE), Honduras
32. Movimiento Mundial por los Bosques WRM, Uruguay
33. National Federation of Dalit Women, India
34. Network for Ecofarming in Africa, Kenia
35. RAPAL, Uruguay
36. Salva la Selva/ Rettet den Regenwald, Alemania
37. Slow Food, Kenia