The Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 to conserve forests in India. It defines forests as land with trees, plants and organisms, and categorizes six main forest types - tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub, temperate rainforest, temperate deciduous forest, and evergreen coniferous forest. The Act aims to protect forests by restricting non-forestry activities and requiring central government approval for activities like mining or deforestation. It also establishes committees to advise on forest conservation and provides legal means to stop illegal deforestation.

1. FOREST(CONSERVATION)ACT-1980
BY
ALAPATI JYOTHSNA
(1210715204)
IT(C2)

2. WHAT IS FOREST ?
•A forest is a community of trees , shrubs, herbs and
organisms that cover a considerable area that use
oxygen , water and soil nutrients.
•Forests are the dominant terrestrial ecosystem of
Earth, and are distributed across the globe.
•Forests account for 75% of the gross primary
productivity of the Earth's biosphere, and contain 80%
of the Earth's plant biomass.

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5. TYPES OF FORESTS
THERE ARE 6 TYPES OF FORESTS
1.TROPICAL RAINFOREST
2.TROPICAL DECIDOUS(MONSOON FORESTS)
3.TROPICAL SCRUB
4.TEMPERATE RAINFOREST
5.TEMPERATE DECIDOUS
6.EVERGREEN CONIFEROUS(BOREAL FORESTS)

6. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
 LOCATION-NEAR THE EQUATOR(between 23.5 degrees N latitude and
23.5 degrees S latitude)
 CLIMATE- between 68 and 77 degrees Fahrenheit all year long
 PLANTS-evergreen broadleaf trees
 ANIMALS-variety of birds, bats, monkeys, snakes and other animals can
be found in tropical rainforests.

7. TROPICAL DECIDOUS FORESTS
 LOCATION-LITTLE AWAY FROM EQUATOR
 CLIMATE- change depending on the time of the year
 PLANTS-OAK,PINE,HERBS,WILD FLOWERS,LICHENS
 ANIMALS-LEOPARDS,WOLVES,OWLS,SQUIRRELS,RED PANDA

8. TROPICAL SCRUB
 LOCATION- California, Oregon, South-Africa, Australia, parts of Europe
 CLIMATE-winters are very mild and moist ,very dry in summer.
 PLANTS-hard leaves(coyote brush , fairy duster, king protea).
 ANIMALS-black tail jack rabbit , puma , cactus wren

9. TEMPERATE RAIN FOREST
 LOCATION-pacific coast of North America , Oregon to Alaska , south
east coast of Chile.
 CLIMATE- wet because of distance from Equator.
 PLANTS- Pines, Firs, Redwoods, Mosses , Ferns.
 ANIMALS-Mountain lions , Roosevelt elks , Varied thrush , Pacific tree
Frog , Black Bears.

10. TEMPERATE DECIDOUS
 LOCATION-Eastern United States and Canada, Western Europe and
parts of Russia, China and Japan
 CLIMATE- rain in the spring, summer and fall and snow in the winter
 PLANTS-Oak , Hickory , Poplar , Maple , Birch
 ANIMALS-red fox, hawks, woodpecker and cardinals.

11. EVERGREEN CONIFEROUS FORESTS
 LOCATION-south of Arctic Tundra
 CLIMATE-long winters , short summers.
 PLANTS-Spruce , Fir , Pine , Cedar.
 ANIMALS- Deer, moose, elk , Wolves

12. What is forest conservation ?
Forest conservation is the practice of planning and maintaining
forested areas for the benefit and sustainability of future generations
 It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 25th day of
October, 1980.
It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and
Kashmir.

13. FEATURES
(i) State government has empowered to use the forests only for
forestry purposes.
-approval of central government has to be taken for the
following
a)non-forestry purposes(e.g:-mining )
b)reforestation

14. Mining
Definition -Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other
geological materials from the earth
The environmental impact of mining includes erosion, formation
of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil ,
groundwater , surface water by chemicals .

15. REFORESTATION
• Reforestation refers to establishment of forest on land that had
recent tree cover
• BENEFITS:
- climate benefits
- potential to preserve endangered species
- reverse the damage done by erosion

16. (ii) It makes provision for conservation of all types of forests and for this
purpose there is an advisory committee which recommends funding for
it to the central government
(iii) Any illegal non-forest activity within a forest area can be
immediately stopped under this act
FEATURES CONTINUED..

17. “Non-forest activity” means the breaking up or clearing of any forest land or
portion
-Raw materials for industries
-Shifting cultivation
-Fuel requirements
-Development projects
-Growing food needs
-Overgrazing
-Forest fires
Non-forest activities

18. 1992 AMENDMENTS IN THE ACT
(1).In 1992, some amendments were made for allowing some non
forest activities in forests , without cutting trees or limited cutting,
large scale destruction of forests with prior approval of central
government
-These activities are setting up transmission lines, seismic surveys,
exploration , drilling and hydroelectricity projects.

19. KEY WORDS
• TRANSMISSION LINES: an electrical signal over large distances with
minimum losses and distortion.
• SEISMIC SURVEYS: used to develop images of the rock layers below
ground.
• EXPLORATION: the action of exploring an unfamiliar area.
• DRILLING: An implement with cutting edges or a pointed end for
boring holes in hard materials.

20. (2).Wildlife sanctuaries , national parks are totally prohibited for any
exploration or survey under this act without approval of central govt.

21. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES
• A wildlife sanctuary is a space that is set aside exclusively for the use
of wild animals, which are protected when they roam or live in that
area.
• Typically, a sanctuary is created through a government, government
employees may patrol the area to ensure that no one hunts or
otherwise harasses the animals.

23. NATIONAL PARKS
• An area of countryside, or occasionally sea or fresh water, protected
by the state for the enjoyment of the general public or the
preservation of wildlife.

25. (3).Cultivation of tea, coffee, spices, rubber, and plants which are
cash-crops, are included under non-forestry activity and not allowed
in reserve forests.

26. (4).Cultivation of fruit-bearing trees , oil yielding plants or plants of
medicinal value in forest area needed to be first approved by central
government.
-if the species to be planted is a native species , then no prior
clearance is required

27. KEY WORDS
• FRUIT-BEARING TREES : Trees that bear edible fruits
e.g : apple , guava , papaya , plum , apricot
• OIL-YIELDING PLANTS : Plants which are used as sources of oil.
e.g : coconut oil , palm oil , olive oil , corn oil
• MEDICINAL PLANTS : Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety
of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological
functions, and to defend against attack from predators
e.g : Amla , Tulsi , Neem , sandal wood

28. RAFFLESIA

29. (5).TUSSER CULTIVATION is treated as a forestry purpose as long as it does
not involve some host trees like ASAN ,ARJUN.
-This can be done by only tribal people as a means of their
livelihood
(6).Plantation of mulberry for rearing silk worm is considered as an non-
forestry activity

30. (7).Mining is a non-forestry activity and prior approval of central
government is mandatory.
(8).Removal of stones, bajri , boulder etc from river-beds located within
forest area fall under non-forest activity.
(9).Any proposal sent to Central government for non-forest activity
must have
-Cost-benefit analysis
-Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
of the proposed activity with reference to its ecological and socio-
economic impacts.

31. Thus the forests(conservation) Act has made necessary provisions for
conservation and protection of forests and prevent deforestation.

32. LEND A HAND TO SAVE FORESTS……..

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