Romania is a unitary semi-presidential republic located in southeastern Europe north of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Hungary, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Bulgaria, with a population of over 20 million. Romania emerged from territories of the former Roman Empire and gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. After World War II it became a socialist republic within the Soviet sphere of influence but transitioned to a democratic government and market economy following the fall of communism in 1989. Tourism is an important industry for Romania's economy, attracting over 3.5 million visitors annually to attractions like the Black Sea coast, medieval towns, and castles. Historically, Romanian scientists and inventors have made contributions in many fields including aviation

1. Romania

2. Location and General Info
• Romania is a unitary semi-presidential
republic located in southeastern-central Europe,
north of the Balkan Peninsula and on the western
shore of the Black Sea.
• It borders Hungary, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova,
and Bulgaria. It covers 238,391 square kilometres
and has a temperate-continental climate. With its
20.1 million inhabitants, it is the seventh most
populous member of the European Union. Its capital
and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth largest city in
the European Union.

3. History
• Romania emerged within the territories of former Roman
Empire province Dacia as the principalities
of Moldavia and Wallachia formed in a 1859 personal union. It
gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877, and at the
end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united
with the sovereign Kingdom of Romania. At the end of World War II,
territories which today roughly correspond to Moldova were
occupied by the Soviet Union and Romania became a socialist
republic and member of the Warsaw Pact. Following the 1989
Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a
capitalist market economy. Since then, the living standards have seen
a vast improvement, and currently, Romania is an upper-middle
income country with a high Human Development Index. It has been a
member of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since
2007.

4. Tourism
• Tourism is a significant contributor to the Romanian economy, generating around 5% of GDP.
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, Romania was estimated to have the fourth
fastest growing travel and tourism total demand in the world, with an estimated potential growth of
8% per year from 2007 to 2016. The number of tourist has been rising, reaching 3.5 million in the
first half of 2014. Tourism in Romania attracted €400 million in investments in 2005.
• More than 60% of the foreign visitors in 2007 were from other EU countries.[ Popular summer
attractions of Mamaia and other Black Sea Resorts attracted 1.3 million tourists in 2009. Most
popular skiing resorts are along the Valea Prahovei and in Poiana
Bra ov. Castles in Transylvanian cities such as Sibiu, Bra ș șov, and Sighișoara. Rural tourism,
focusing on folklore and traditions, has become an important alternative, and is targeted to promote
such sites as Bran and its Dracula's Castle, the Painted churches of Northern Moldavia, and
the Wooden churches of Maramureș. Other attractions include Danube Delta, and Sculptural
Ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși at Târgu Jiu.

5. Science and technology
• Historically, Romanian researchers and inventors have made notable
contributions to several fields. In the history of flight, Traian Vuia made
the first airplane to take off on its own power and Aurel Vlaicu built and
flew some of the earliest successful aircraft, while Henri
Coandă discovered the Coandă effect of fluidics. Victor
Babe discovered more than 50 types of bacteria; ș biologist Nicolae
Paulescu discovered insulin, while Emil Palade, received the Nobel
Prize for his contributions to cell biology. Lazăr Edeleanu was the first
chemist to synthesize amphetamine, while Costin Nenițescu developed
numerous new classes of compounds in organic chemistry. Notable
mathematicians include Spiru Haret, Grigore Moisil, and Ștefan
Odobleja; physicists and inventors: Șerban Țițeica, Alexandru Proca,
and Ștefan Procopiu.

6. Science and technology
• Historically, Romanian researchers and inventors have made notable
contributions to several fields. In the history of flight, Traian Vuia made
the first airplane to take off on its own power and Aurel Vlaicu built and
flew some of the earliest successful aircraft, while Henri
Coandă discovered the Coandă effect of fluidics. Victor
Babe discovered more than 50 types of bacteria; ș biologist Nicolae
Paulescu discovered insulin, while Emil Palade, received the Nobel
Prize for his contributions to cell biology. Lazăr Edeleanu was the first
chemist to synthesize amphetamine, while Costin Nenițescu developed
numerous new classes of compounds in organic chemistry. Notable
mathematicians include Spiru Haret, Grigore Moisil, and Ștefan
Odobleja; physicists and inventors: Șerban Țițeica, Alexandru Proca,
and Ștefan Procopiu.