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Biotechnology in medicine
This presentation discusses the intersection of biotechnology and medical science. It explains that biotechnology involves using living organisms to develop useful products, and has advanced areas like drug development, nutrition, agriculture, and environmental protection. Medicine involves diagnosing and treating disease. The presentation then outlines how biotechnology has contributed to improvements in medicine, including producing drugs and therapeutics through genetic engineering, enabling more accurate disease diagnosis and detection of genetic predispositions, and facilitating gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, genetic testing, and targeted drug delivery. Specific biotechnology applications in medicine discussed include monoclonal antibodies, DNA probes, and vaccines.
Biopharming
1) Biopharming involves genetically engineering plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals. It offers lower production costs compared to traditional methods.
2) Early examples include cows modified in 1990 to produce human lactoferrin and tobacco plants in 1992 producing human serum albumin.
3) Methods include stable transgenic plants with genes integrated into nuclear or chloroplast genomes or transient expression systems using viral or Agrobacterium vectors. Genes are inserted and plants are harvested for protein extraction and purification.
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Biotechnology in medicine
This presentation discusses the intersection of biotechnology and medical science. It explains that biotechnology involves using living organisms to develop useful products, and has advanced areas like drug development, nutrition, agriculture, and environmental protection. Medicine involves diagnosing and treating disease. The presentation then outlines how biotechnology has contributed to improvements in medicine, including producing drugs and therapeutics through genetic engineering, enabling more accurate disease diagnosis and detection of genetic predispositions, and facilitating gene therapy, pharmacogenomics, genetic testing, and targeted drug delivery. Specific biotechnology applications in medicine discussed include monoclonal antibodies, DNA probes, and vaccines.
Biopharming
1) Biopharming involves genetically engineering plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals. It offers lower production costs compared to traditional methods.
2) Early examples include cows modified in 1990 to produce human lactoferrin and tobacco plants in 1992 producing human serum albumin.
3) Methods include stable transgenic plants with genes integrated into nuclear or chloroplast genomes or transient expression systems using viral or Agrobacterium vectors. Genes are inserted and plants are harvested for protein extraction and purification.
Modern Medical Biotechnology
Modern medical biotechnology uses genetics, cell biology, and other sciences to advance medicine through techniques like drug production, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, and genetic testing. Some key developments include the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, the completion of the rough draft of the human genome in 2000, and the first synthesis of a DNA molecule from artificial parts in 2010. Current areas of research include using genetically modified bacteria to mass produce human proteins for diseases like diabetes, introducing stem cells to repair damaged tissues, growing tissues for transplantation, and developing monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. The overall importance of medical biotechnology is to prolong life and ease suffering.
Transgenesis by Dr.Ashwini J. Patel-Gujarat
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign DNA into the animal's genome. There are several methods for producing transgenic animals. The first successful method involved microinjecting a rat growth hormone gene controlled by a promoter into mouse embryos, producing mice that grew larger. Other methods include using embryonic stem cells, viral vectors, cloning, and sperm-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic animals are useful for researching gene function and regulation, modeling human diseases, and potentially increasing agricultural production.
transgenics
Transgenic animals are produced by introducing foreign DNA into an animal's genome. The first transgenic animal was a mouse created in 1974. Since then, various methods have been used to generate transgenic fish, livestock, and other species. Transgenic animals have applications in biomedical research, agriculture, and industry. They can serve as models for human disease or help produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. However, transgenesis also carries risks if the inserted gene has unintended effects on the animal's development or physiology.
Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change
Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change presented by Paul Boettcher, FAO Animal Genetic Resources Branch, Rome, Italy
Medical Applications of Biotech
The document discusses various medical applications of biotechnology. It begins by noting that more than 65% of biotech companies in the US are involved in pharmaceutical production. Some key points:
- 1982 saw the development and approval of the first biotech drug, Humulin, for treating diabetes.
- There are now over 80 approved biotech drugs and vaccines targeting over 200 diseases, with 400 more in development. Nearly half of new drugs target cancer.
- Common biotech drugs are listed along with their developers and functions.
- Biotech products are often recombinant proteins produced through gene cloning and cell culture techniques.
Gene knockout in mice
Gene knockout is a technique used to study gene function by inactivating a gene in an organism's genome using homologous recombination. This is done by genetically engineering an organism that carries an inoperative version of one or more genes. Gene knockouts have been created in many organisms including mice, yeast, plants and bacteria to better understand gene function and model human diseases. They have provided useful insights into cancer, obesity, heart disease and other conditions. However, some genes are difficult to knockout and the results do not always correspond directly to human phenotypes due to functional differences between species.
Transgenic animals (1) panjab university
This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as animals whose genomes have been altered by transferring genes from another species or breed. It then discusses the process of transgenesis and some reasons for using transgenic technology, such as generating disease models and producing therapeutic proteins. The document provides a brief history of transgenic animals and explains why mice are commonly used. It outlines methods for generating transgenic animals like microinjection and viral infection. It also discusses applications of transgenic animals like studying gene function and developing disease models. In conclusion, the document notes some ethical issues around transgenic animals.
Animal models for disease analysis
Animal models are used in cancer research to better understand human disease. Rodents like mice and rats are commonly used models as their basic biology is similar to humans. Mice can be genetically altered to induce cancer through methods like introducing oncogenes or exposing them to carcinogens. Cancer cells or tumors can also be transplanted into mice from humans. Rabbits, dogs, cats, and other animals are also used as cancer models. Each offers advantages like size, environments, and similarities to specific human cancers. Studying naturally occurring and experimental cancers in these various species provides insights that help advance cancer treatments for humans.
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Transgenesis is the future of healthcare where the world is focusing on it so why not us? Let's delve into the exclusive depth of this transgenesis in the slide.
TRANSGENIC TECHNIQUES AND GENE THERAPY
The document discusses transgenesis, which is introducing an exogenous gene into an organism so it exhibits a new property transmittable to offspring. Methods described include retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenesis has advantages like being more specific and faster than traditional breeding. However, it also carries risks of unpredictability if defense mechanisms silence or inactivate foreign genes.
Biopharamceuticals from plants
Biopharmaceuticals can be produced in living systems like plants for therapeutic purposes. The use of plants can be more practical, safe and economical than other biological systems for producing proteins. Plants offer advantages for producing proteins through post-translational modification and are capable of glycosylation without assistance. Genetic engineering allows the insertion of DNA encoding a desired protein into plant cells to produce pharmaceutical proteins through transformation techniques like Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation or biolistics. Proteins produced in plants can be used for applications like antibodies, vaccines, hormones and enzymes.
Genetically modified animals
This document provides an overview of genetically modified animals. It begins with an introduction that defines genetically modified animals and notes that most are still in the research stage. It then discusses the process of genetic modification, which involves altering an animal's DNA in a way that does not occur naturally. The document outlines the process of creating genetically modified mammals through gene insertion and screening offspring. It provides examples of genetically modified pigs, cows, goats, mice, sheep, and chickens. The advantages include faster growth, disease resistance, and improved nutrition. Disadvantages include unintended harm, mutations, expense, and complex natural interactions.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves manipulating the structure of genes to create desired characteristics in an organism. It can involve adding genetic material from another species to create a transgenic organism, or removing genetic material to create a knockout organism. Some key events in the history of genetic engineering include the coining of the term in 1941, the discovery of DNA's double helix structure in 1953, and the first genetically engineered plants in 1986. The process involves taking a gene of interest from one cell and inserting it into the DNA of a host cell to create recombinant DNA that can be multiplied. Genetic engineering provides benefits like creating medicines, improving agriculture, and DNA profiling. Examples include using it to create disease-resistant plants, make insulin, and clone Dolly
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
The Human Genome Project
The document discusses the Human Genome Project, which had goals of identifying all 30,000 human genes, determining the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA, storing this information in databases, and improving data analysis tools. By sequencing factories generating 1000 nucleotides per second, the project was completed ahead of schedule. The project revealed that humans have fewer genes than expected, 99.9% of bases are identical between humans, and 50% or more of the genome consists of "junk DNA" with unknown functions.
Transgenic animals
1. A transgenic animal is one that has had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into its genome. The first transgenic animal was a "Supermouse" created in 1982 by inserting a human growth hormone gene.
2. There are three main steps to creating a transgenic animal: construction of the transgene, introduction of the gene into the animal, and screening progeny for integration of the gene. Methods like pronuclear microinjection and embryonic stem cell manipulation are used.
3. Transgenic animals have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. They are used as disease models, to produce pharmaceuticals, for improved food production, and to test chemicals.
Genetically modified organisms(GMOs)
This document provides an overview of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered through biotechnology rather than natural mating. Examples are given of GMOs created for various purposes, including producing vitamins, enzymes, biofuels, insect-resistant crops, and human therapeutic proteins. Both benefits and controversies of GMO technology are mentioned, such as increasing food supply but also raising concerns about food safety, effects on other species, and unintended consequences.
L14 human genome
The document discusses the Human Genome Project which aimed to determine the entire DNA sequence of the human genome consisting of 3 billion base pairs. As of June 2004, over 1000 genome projects were underway including completed genomes of various organisms ranging from small bacteria to humans. The human genome was sequenced in a collaborative effort between research groups around the world and was completed in 2003, finding that the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes.
Transgenic animals ppt
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into their genomes using recombinant DNA methodology. This allows for increased growth, improved disease resistance, and other benefits. However, it can also lead to unintended effects if the inserted gene has multiple functions or causes mutations. Common methods to create transgenic animals include embryonic stem cell methods, pronuclear injection, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic mice, cows, fish, sheep, and monkeys.
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Modern Medical Biotechnology
Modern medical biotechnology uses genetics, cell biology, and other sciences to advance medicine through techniques like drug production, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, and genetic testing. Some key developments include the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, the completion of the rough draft of the human genome in 2000, and the first synthesis of a DNA molecule from artificial parts in 2010. Current areas of research include using genetically modified bacteria to mass produce human proteins for diseases like diabetes, introducing stem cells to repair damaged tissues, growing tissues for transplantation, and developing monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. The overall importance of medical biotechnology is to prolong life and ease suffering.
Transgenesis by Dr.Ashwini J. Patel-Gujarat
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign DNA into the animal's genome. There are several methods for producing transgenic animals. The first successful method involved microinjecting a rat growth hormone gene controlled by a promoter into mouse embryos, producing mice that grew larger. Other methods include using embryonic stem cells, viral vectors, cloning, and sperm-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic animals are useful for researching gene function and regulation, modeling human diseases, and potentially increasing agricultural production.
transgenics
Transgenic animals are produced by introducing foreign DNA into an animal's genome. The first transgenic animal was a mouse created in 1974. Since then, various methods have been used to generate transgenic fish, livestock, and other species. Transgenic animals have applications in biomedical research, agriculture, and industry. They can serve as models for human disease or help produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. However, transgenesis also carries risks if the inserted gene has unintended effects on the animal's development or physiology.
Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change
Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change presented by Paul Boettcher, FAO Animal Genetic Resources Branch, Rome, Italy
Medical Applications of Biotech
The document discusses various medical applications of biotechnology. It begins by noting that more than 65% of biotech companies in the US are involved in pharmaceutical production. Some key points:
- 1982 saw the development and approval of the first biotech drug, Humulin, for treating diabetes.
- There are now over 80 approved biotech drugs and vaccines targeting over 200 diseases, with 400 more in development. Nearly half of new drugs target cancer.
- Common biotech drugs are listed along with their developers and functions.
- Biotech products are often recombinant proteins produced through gene cloning and cell culture techniques.
Gene knockout in mice
Gene knockout is a technique used to study gene function by inactivating a gene in an organism's genome using homologous recombination. This is done by genetically engineering an organism that carries an inoperative version of one or more genes. Gene knockouts have been created in many organisms including mice, yeast, plants and bacteria to better understand gene function and model human diseases. They have provided useful insights into cancer, obesity, heart disease and other conditions. However, some genes are difficult to knockout and the results do not always correspond directly to human phenotypes due to functional differences between species.
Transgenic animals (1) panjab university
This document discusses transgenic animals. It defines transgenic animals as animals whose genomes have been altered by transferring genes from another species or breed. It then discusses the process of transgenesis and some reasons for using transgenic technology, such as generating disease models and producing therapeutic proteins. The document provides a brief history of transgenic animals and explains why mice are commonly used. It outlines methods for generating transgenic animals like microinjection and viral infection. It also discusses applications of transgenic animals like studying gene function and developing disease models. In conclusion, the document notes some ethical issues around transgenic animals.
Animal models for disease analysis
Animal models are used in cancer research to better understand human disease. Rodents like mice and rats are commonly used models as their basic biology is similar to humans. Mice can be genetically altered to induce cancer through methods like introducing oncogenes or exposing them to carcinogens. Cancer cells or tumors can also be transplanted into mice from humans. Rabbits, dogs, cats, and other animals are also used as cancer models. Each offers advantages like size, environments, and similarities to specific human cancers. Studying naturally occurring and experimental cancers in these various species provides insights that help advance cancer treatments for humans.
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
Transgenesis is the future of healthcare where the world is focusing on it so why not us? Let's delve into the exclusive depth of this transgenesis in the slide.
TRANSGENIC TECHNIQUES AND GENE THERAPY
The document discusses transgenesis, which is introducing an exogenous gene into an organism so it exhibits a new property transmittable to offspring. Methods described include retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs, and embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer. Transgenesis has advantages like being more specific and faster than traditional breeding. However, it also carries risks of unpredictability if defense mechanisms silence or inactivate foreign genes.
Biopharamceuticals from plants
Biopharmaceuticals can be produced in living systems like plants for therapeutic purposes. The use of plants can be more practical, safe and economical than other biological systems for producing proteins. Plants offer advantages for producing proteins through post-translational modification and are capable of glycosylation without assistance. Genetic engineering allows the insertion of DNA encoding a desired protein into plant cells to produce pharmaceutical proteins through transformation techniques like Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation or biolistics. Proteins produced in plants can be used for applications like antibodies, vaccines, hormones and enzymes.
Genetically modified animals
This document provides an overview of genetically modified animals. It begins with an introduction that defines genetically modified animals and notes that most are still in the research stage. It then discusses the process of genetic modification, which involves altering an animal's DNA in a way that does not occur naturally. The document outlines the process of creating genetically modified mammals through gene insertion and screening offspring. It provides examples of genetically modified pigs, cows, goats, mice, sheep, and chickens. The advantages include faster growth, disease resistance, and improved nutrition. Disadvantages include unintended harm, mutations, expense, and complex natural interactions.
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering involves manipulating the structure of genes to create desired characteristics in an organism. It can involve adding genetic material from another species to create a transgenic organism, or removing genetic material to create a knockout organism. Some key events in the history of genetic engineering include the coining of the term in 1941, the discovery of DNA's double helix structure in 1953, and the first genetically engineered plants in 1986. The process involves taking a gene of interest from one cell and inserting it into the DNA of a host cell to create recombinant DNA that can be multiplied. Genetic engineering provides benefits like creating medicines, improving agriculture, and DNA profiling. Examples include using it to create disease-resistant plants, make insulin, and clone Dolly
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically engineered to contain genes from another species. The first transgenic animal was produced by microinjecting DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. This allows the new genes to integrate into the genome and be passed to offspring. Knockout mice have a specific endogenous gene altered so it is no longer expressed normally. They are used to study gene function and model human diseases. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, showing that nuclear transfer can generate a live offspring genetically identical to the donor animal.
The Human Genome Project
The document discusses the Human Genome Project, which had goals of identifying all 30,000 human genes, determining the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA, storing this information in databases, and improving data analysis tools. By sequencing factories generating 1000 nucleotides per second, the project was completed ahead of schedule. The project revealed that humans have fewer genes than expected, 99.9% of bases are identical between humans, and 50% or more of the genome consists of "junk DNA" with unknown functions.
Transgenic animals
1. A transgenic animal is one that has had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into its genome. The first transgenic animal was a "Supermouse" created in 1982 by inserting a human growth hormone gene.
2. There are three main steps to creating a transgenic animal: construction of the transgene, introduction of the gene into the animal, and screening progeny for integration of the gene. Methods like pronuclear microinjection and embryonic stem cell manipulation are used.
3. Transgenic animals have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. They are used as disease models, to produce pharmaceuticals, for improved food production, and to test chemicals.
Genetically modified organisms(GMOs)
This document provides an overview of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It defines GMOs as organisms whose genetic material has been altered through biotechnology rather than natural mating. Examples are given of GMOs created for various purposes, including producing vitamins, enzymes, biofuels, insect-resistant crops, and human therapeutic proteins. Both benefits and controversies of GMO technology are mentioned, such as increasing food supply but also raising concerns about food safety, effects on other species, and unintended consequences.
L14 human genome
The document discusses the Human Genome Project which aimed to determine the entire DNA sequence of the human genome consisting of 3 billion base pairs. As of June 2004, over 1000 genome projects were underway including completed genomes of various organisms ranging from small bacteria to humans. The human genome was sequenced in a collaborative effort between research groups around the world and was completed in 2003, finding that the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes.
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Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change
Biotechnologies for animal breeding and coping with climate change
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Transgenic animals ppt
Transgenic animals are produced by inserting foreign genes into their genomes using recombinant DNA methodology. This allows for increased growth, improved disease resistance, and other benefits. However, it can also lead to unintended effects if the inserted gene has multiple functions or causes mutations. Common methods to create transgenic animals include embryonic stem cell methods, pronuclear injection, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Examples include transgenic mice, cows, fish, sheep, and monkeys.
Zagrożenia dla Polski ze strony GMO
http://www.fnbg.org przedstawia pełen wykład dr Romana A. Śniadego nt GMO, którego udzielił na seminarium "Codex Alimentarius a nasze zdrowie" zorganizowanym przez fnbg.org 29 czerwca 2009.
Prezentacja do wykładu, który znajduje się tutaj:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EGHQYOkpMA
Transgenic organisms powerpoint
A transgenic animal is one that has had part of another species' genome transferred into its own through genetic engineering techniques. One common transgenic animal is mice. To create a transgenic mouse, scientists typically microinject a transgene into fertilized mouse eggs which are then implanted into a foster mother mouse. The offspring are tested for the presence of the transgene. Transgenic mice are useful for studying diseases and testing toxicants. While they aid research, some have ethical concerns about transgenic animal welfare and environmental impacts if genetically modified animals escape.
Transgenic animals
This document discusses the creation of transgenic animals and cloning. It provides details on the four main routes to create transgenic mammals: microinjection of DNA, integration of viral vectors, incorporation of stem cells, and nuclear transfer. For each method, it describes the key steps and challenges. The document also covers various applications of transgenic animals like producing human therapeutic proteins in the milk of livestock. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive overview of generating transgenic animals and the techniques involved.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are animals whose DNA has been altered by the addition of foreign genes that induce the expression of new or modified traits. Key methods for creating transgenic animals include microinjection of DNA into fertilized eggs and embryonic stem cell manipulation. Transgenic animals have various applications including serving as disease models, producing pharmaceuticals in their milk (transpharming), and providing organs/tissues for transplantation (xenotransplantation). While transgenic research holds promise for advancing medicine and agriculture, it also raises ethical issues regarding animal welfare and unintended environmental consequences. Oversight aims to ensure research is conducted humanely.
Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are genetically modified organisms with DNA from another source inserted into their genome. The document discusses the history of studying genes and developing transgenic techniques. It provides details on how transgenic animals are produced, primarily through DNA microinjection into reproductive cells. A variety of transgenic animals have been created for various purposes, such as developing disease models. While transgenic research has benefits, it also raises ethical issues and animal welfare concerns that require consideration.
Transgenic animals
A transgenic animal is one that has had foreign DNA inserted into its genome. The first transgenic animal was a mouse created in 1982 by inserting a human growth hormone gene. Transgenic animals are created through pronuclear microinjection or stem cell methods. They have applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry. However, some argue that transgenic technology raises ethical issues.
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Konferencja świat bez raka lena huppert- prezentacja
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Rośliny transgeniczne
- 2. Organizmy Modyfikowane Genetycznie - GMO (z ang. Genetically Modified Organism) - Organizmy Transgeniczne - są to organizmy które zawierają w swoim genomie (czyli informacji genetycznej organizmu) obce geny, pochodzące z obcego organizmu. Dziedziną nauki zajmującą się modyfikacjami organizmów jest inżynieria genetyczna - umożliwia wyizolowanie i namnożenie dowolnego genu z dowolnego organizmu i za pomocą różnych metod wprowadzenia go do genomu modyfikowanego organizmu.
- 3. Zmieniona zostaje aktywność genów naturalnie występujących w danym organizmie Do organizmu wprowadzone zostają dodatkowe kopie jego własnych genów Wprowadzony gen pochodzi od organizmu innego gatunku, są to organizmy transgeniczne
- 4. Rośliny transgeniczne dzięki modyfikacjom genetycznym nabierają odporności przede wszystkim na herbicydy (środki ochrony roślin) i szkodniki owadzie (pędów i korzeni), ale także i niekorzystne warunki środowiska (suszę, mróz, zasolenie gleby). Są też wykorzystywane do produkcji farmaceutyków, np. szczepionek, przeciwciał.
- 5. zwiększenie odporności na herbicydy i szkodniki, zwiększenie odporności na infekcje wirusowe, bakteryjne i grzybowe, zwiększenie tolerancji na stres abiotyczny (głównie zmiany klimatyczne), przedłużenie trwałości owoców, poprawę składu kwasów tłuszczowych oraz aminokwasów białek, unormowanie stężenia fito estrogenów, zwiększenie zawartości suchej masy, zmianę zawartości węglowodanów, karotenoidów i witamin, usunięcie składników antyżywieniowych - toksyn, związków utrudniających przyswajanie składników, związków które podczas obróbki kulinarnej ulegają reakcjom chemicznym wytwarzając toksyny, zwiększając np. zawartość nutraceutyków, czyli substancji niezbędnych dla zdrowia,
- 7. Modyfikowane genetycznie są głównie rośliny mające duże znaczenie gospodarcze, zmiana genomu ma na celu nadanie im pożądanych przez człowieka cech, tj. większa trwałość, odporność na szkodniki, wirusy i grzyby, herbicydy (środki ochrony roślin), podniesienie ich cech jakościowych, np. lepszego smaku. Modyfikuje się także rośliny ozdobne, które dzięki temu są trwalsze, mają intensywniejszy kolor. Zmodyfikowane genetycznie zostało większość roślin mających znaczenia dla człowieka.
- 8. 8 września 2004 Komisja Europejska podjęła decyzję o dodaniu do listy nasion dopuszczonych do sprzedaży na terenie UE 17 odmian zmodyfikowanej kukurydzy - MON 810, opracowanej przez biotechnologiczny koncern Monsanto. Zastosowana modyfikacja uodparnia roślinę na larwy szkodnika-owada - omacnicę prosowiankę (Ostrinia nubilalis).
- 9. Pomidor transgeniczny Flavr Savr w 1994 roku był pierwszym GMO wprowadzonym do obrotu. Modyfikacja genetyczna pomidora Flavr Savr polegała na zmniejszeniu w nim aktywność genu, który odpowiada za proces dojrzewania i mięknięcia pomidora. Tak zmodyfikowany pomidor lepiej znosił transport i dłużej zachowywał świeżość.
- 10. Pomidor transgeniczny Flavr Savr w 1994 roku był pierwszym GMO wprowadzonym do obrotu. Modyfikacja genetyczna pomidora Flavr Savr polegała na zmniejszeniu w nim aktywność genu, który odpowiada za proces dojrzewania i mięknięcia pomidora. Tak zmodyfikowany pomidor lepiej znosił transport i dłużej zachowywał świeżość.