Standarization of herbal drugs

1. Presented by
Dr. Ritu singh

2. Dhanvantari is
the Hindu god of
medicine. He
appears in
the Puranas as the
God of Ayurveda.

3. Ayurveda is a science of life (Ayur = life, Veda =
science or knowledge).
It is the ancient Indian system of natural and
holistic medicine.
Motto-
“Swasthasya syastha rakshanam, aaturashcha vikar
prashamanam”
Preservation to health of healthy person and treating
ailments of the diseased individuals.

4. Modern parameters based researches
are the mainstay for its acceptance
and is demand of time.
Updating Ayurveda, by integrating with
modern technologies, without changing the
basic principles, is a challenging task.

5. 1.BHISAKA
(Physician)
2. DRAVYA
(Herbal Drug
or Medicine)
3. UPASTHA
(Nurshing
staff)
4. ROGI
(Patient)

6.  Plant or part of plant that have been
converted into phytopharmaceuticals by
simply means of processes involving
collection or harvesting, drying and
storage.

7. Phytoconstituents
isolated from natural
source or lead
molecules
Single plant
drug
Polyherbal
formulations

8.  Standardization is an important tool for
the establishment of the proper identity,
purity, quality and safety of herbal
drugs.
 To prevent adulteration and
misidentification which can cause serious
health problem.

9.  It is a practice of substituting original crude drug
partially or wholly with other similar looking
substances, but the latter is either free from or
inferior in chemical and therapeutic properties.
 Types-
1. Accidental (In- deliberate) adulteration.
2. Deliberate (Intentional) adulteration.

10.  Collection time- some parts of herb should be
collected in specific Ritu. E.g. Vasaka
 Desha- geographical distribution is important
one( altitude, soil composition, climate,
temperature)
 Nakshatra- collection of some herbs should
be done in some specific Nakshatra.
 Using of some herbs in dry or wet form.

11.  PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY
 PHSIOCHEMICAL STUDY
 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

12. Macroscopic Study (organoleptic evaluation)
( Shape, size, color, texture, taste, odour)
Microscopic study-
(Study of cell)
-Characteristics of cellwalls, cellcontents-
parenchyma collenchyma etc., starch grains,
calcium oxallate crystals, trichomes, fibres,
vessels etc)

13. 1. Cyclindrical (Sarsaparilla)
2. Sub Cyclindrical(Podophyllum)

14. 3. Conical (Aconite)
4. Fusiform (sweet potato)

15. ARJUNA
ASANA
SAPTAPARNA

16. A) Physical parameters
(Determination of Moisture content, pH value, Ash
value, Refractive index, specific gravity, Alcoholic
content, Extractive value by Soxhlet Apparatus)
B) Chemical parameters
a) Phytochemical study
(Determination of Alkaloids, Flavonoids,
Carbohydrates, Tannin,
Saponin)
b) Uv spectroscopy
c) Chromatography
(TLC, HPTLC, HPLC)

17. pH meter
Moisture content
apparatus
Tablet
disintegration
apparatus

18. Acute toxicity-
single dose of
drug (LD 50)
Sub-acute toxicity
– daily dose-
increasing every
2-3 days till toxic
sign are observed.
Chronic toxicity-
6 months dose

19. Effective , easy to
perform, inexpensive
technique for
purification, isolation
and identification of
natural products
Qualitative & semi-
quantitative
information.
Rapid analysis of herbal extracts
with minimum sample clean-up-
requirements

20.  Purity of any sample : Direct comparison is
done between the sample and the standard or
authentic sample; if any impurity is detected,
then it shows extra spots and this can be
detected easily.

21. STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
Preparation of drug extracts for analysis
Adsorbent: TLC silica gel plate (60 F254
10x10 cm)
Solvent system:
Detection: UV 254nm: quenching zones
(conjugate double bonds);
UV 365 nm- fluorescent zones
Spray reagents- 10% ethanolic KOH
reagent.

22. Retention factor=distance
travelled by the
compound/distance travelled
by the solvent front.
TLC plate viewed under
UV 254nm

23. Qualitative and quanttiative analysis of a wide range of compounds
Several samples separates parallely- low cost.
Uses specific and sensitive colour reagents.
Different modes of evaluation.

25.  1.Sample Preparation.
 2. Selection Of Stationary Phase
 3. Layer Prewashing
 4. Selection And Optimization Of Mobile Phase
 5. Sample Application
 6. Chromotogram Development
 7. Plate Labelling
 8. Derivatization
 9. Documentation.
 10.Detection

26. Plates of polyherbal
preparation under UV 254nm
Plates of polyherbal
preparation under UV 366nm

27. Superficial Fluid
Chromatography
DNA Finger Printing
Genetic Marker

28.  In recent years, there has been great demand for
plant derived products in developed countries. So
Standardization of drugs is an essential for ensuring
the quality of the Ayurvedic herbal drugs.
 Correct identification of sample through organoleptic
evaluation, pharmacognostic evaluation, finger
printing profiles establishment with UV-vis
spectroscopic as well as chromatographic techniques
(TLC, HPTLC, HPLC, GLC, SFC), DNA fingerprinting,
Genetic marker etc. serve as the essential parameter
in assessing the quality and stability of the samples.

29.  Thus by the help of modern equipments and
advanced finger printing mechanism, we can
assure safety and effectiveness by virtue of
standardization,& stability. Again we can
ensure batch to batch consistence of the
standard ayurvedic products for better health
care among suffering humanity.

30.  Technology can develop the demand of
ayurvedic science though there are numerous
challenges right from the collection of raw
materials to labeling, sealing and packaging.
 Extensive standarization process increases the
cost of production, so small manufacturing
companies often skip or curtail these processes
to increase profit margin.

31. Soto provide safe, effective standard
Ayurvedic drug at an affordable cost is a big
challenge though it is a demand of time.