This document discusses the issue of whether breast self-examination (BSE) should be recommended for breast cancer screening. It outlines the current arguments for not recommending BSE due to limitations like inaccuracy. However, it also provides counterarguments for continuing to recommend BSE, such as its ability to detect early-stage cancers and encourage medical consultation. The document argues that BSE, clinical examination, and mammography should all be used in combination for comprehensive breast cancer screening.
During a pelvic exam, your doctor inserts gloved fingers into your vagina and simultaneously presses a hand on your abdomen in order to feel (palpate) your pelvic organs. The doctor also visually examines your external genitalia, vagina and cervix.
Physical measurement of breast masses by Reynaldo O. Joson - created to use in telemedical consultation - assist patient in doing measurement of breast masses palpated
Stage 4 Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Treatment in India | Oncology IndiaOncology India
Breast Cancer Treatment in India | Oncology India have a specialized Top Breast Cancer Specialist in Bangalore to cure breast cancer related issues.
To Know More,
Click Here,
http://www.oncologyinternational.com/
During a pelvic exam, your doctor inserts gloved fingers into your vagina and simultaneously presses a hand on your abdomen in order to feel (palpate) your pelvic organs. The doctor also visually examines your external genitalia, vagina and cervix.
Physical measurement of breast masses by Reynaldo O. Joson - created to use in telemedical consultation - assist patient in doing measurement of breast masses palpated
Stage 4 Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Treatment in India | Oncology IndiaOncology India
Breast Cancer Treatment in India | Oncology India have a specialized Top Breast Cancer Specialist in Bangalore to cure breast cancer related issues.
To Know More,
Click Here,
http://www.oncologyinternational.com/
Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Awareness and Practice of Self Breast Exami...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
eeling worn out and exhausted all the time? You may be experiencing cancer-related fatigue. Tune in to this webinar to learn what cancer-related fatigue is, how to spot it, and how to manage it.
Ms Susan Moug's keynote speech 'The Promotion of Physical Activity - Everyone's Responsibility' at the SCPN's 'Be Active Against Cancer' conference, Tuesday 4th February 2014.
Information For You After a Pelvic Floor Repair OperationMichelle Fynes
This information is for you if you are about to have, or you are recovering from, an operation for a prolapse of your pelvic floor. You might also find it useful to share this information with your family and friends.
According to Dr. Vo Dang Hung, Director of TMMC Healthcare's Oncology Center. Breast Cancer is the most popular cancer among women. Know your risks and get frequent Breast Cancer Screenings to protect yourself.
Many complementary therapies, used along with conventional medicine, can support cancer treatments, reduce some of the adverse effects of cancer treatment, ease tension and pain, and contribute to overall health. This is known as integrative medicine. Integrative medicine can be a part of your plan throughout the entire treatment and survivorship experience. In this webinar, we will talk about how integration can be helpful to you after a colorectal cancer diagnosis and your journey forward.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Corbin: a board-certified internist, Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. In 2001, she helped the University of Colorado Hospital establish the Center for Integrative Medicine (TCFIM) and has served as the Medical Director ever since.
Here are slides from my 10-minute talk on breast cancer screening for an AACR webinar (Feb 16, 2017). I'll share the webinar link when that becomes available.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Awareness and Practice of Self Breast Exami...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
eeling worn out and exhausted all the time? You may be experiencing cancer-related fatigue. Tune in to this webinar to learn what cancer-related fatigue is, how to spot it, and how to manage it.
Ms Susan Moug's keynote speech 'The Promotion of Physical Activity - Everyone's Responsibility' at the SCPN's 'Be Active Against Cancer' conference, Tuesday 4th February 2014.
Information For You After a Pelvic Floor Repair OperationMichelle Fynes
This information is for you if you are about to have, or you are recovering from, an operation for a prolapse of your pelvic floor. You might also find it useful to share this information with your family and friends.
According to Dr. Vo Dang Hung, Director of TMMC Healthcare's Oncology Center. Breast Cancer is the most popular cancer among women. Know your risks and get frequent Breast Cancer Screenings to protect yourself.
Many complementary therapies, used along with conventional medicine, can support cancer treatments, reduce some of the adverse effects of cancer treatment, ease tension and pain, and contribute to overall health. This is known as integrative medicine. Integrative medicine can be a part of your plan throughout the entire treatment and survivorship experience. In this webinar, we will talk about how integration can be helpful to you after a colorectal cancer diagnosis and your journey forward.
Presented by Dr. Lisa Corbin: a board-certified internist, Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. In 2001, she helped the University of Colorado Hospital establish the Center for Integrative Medicine (TCFIM) and has served as the Medical Director ever since.
Here are slides from my 10-minute talk on breast cancer screening for an AACR webinar (Feb 16, 2017). I'll share the webinar link when that becomes available.
Cancer screening is an essential part of preventative health screening for women of all ages. Here you can read about screening for breast and gynecological cancers.
Things You Need to Know About Cervical Health Awareness MonthDr. Martha Tara Lee
January is Cervical Health Awareness Month. ❤️
We think it’s important to share information about how one can protect themselves from HPV (human papillomavirus) and cervical cancer.
HPV is a very common infection that spreads through sexual activity, and it causes almost all cases of cervical cancer.
✔️ Get vaccinated against HPV.
The most common form of the vaccine protects against two types of HPV that cause 70% of cervical cancers: types 16 and 18. The vaccine also protects against four other high-risk types (6, 11, 16, and 18).
✔️ Talk with your doctor or nurse about the HPV vaccine.
The HPV vaccine is recommended for those aged 11-12. It is given in three doses over six months. The vaccine protects against most types of HPV that cause both cervical cancer and genital warts. It’s safe and effective when given at the recommended age.
👉 Early detection is key to preventing cervical cancer.
We hope this post has given you a better understanding of what cervical health awareness month is, why it’s important, and how to take control of your own health. The more informed we are, the more we can do for ourselves. And remember: don’t be afraid to ask questions!
Created by Relationship Counselor and Clinical Sexologist Dr Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching. Hire her at http://www.ErosCoachig.com
Routine Pap smears (also known as Pap tests) are an important part of protecting your health because they can help prevent cervical cancer or find it early. But learning your results are abnormal can cause some anxiety, and you may find yourself wondering what comes next. Join Dr. Sarah Feldman, a gynecologic oncologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, as she breaks down what abnormal results mean, what happens after, and why it’s important to follow up on an abnormal Pap smear.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Thyroid Gland- Gross Anatomy by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
ROJoson PEP Talk: Breast Self-Exam: To Do or Not To Do
1. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the issues involved
in BREAST SELF-
EXAMINATION.
December 11, 2021
1400H - 1500H
Via Zoom
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
2. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the issues involved
in BREAST SELF-
EXAMINATION.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
3. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the issues involved
in BREAST SELF-
EXAMINATION.
ROJoson PEP Talk
I have a Patient
Empowerment
Program in which I
like to empower the
lay people or
patients to take
control in the
management of
their health.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
4. There are 3 courses
in the PEP Talk.
I completed the Core
Course on October 9,
2021.
5. From October 23,
2021 onwards, I have
been tackling Health
Disorder and Health
Issue Courses. This
may take 3 years or
longer.
6. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the issues involved
in BREAST SELF-
EXAMINATION.
My PEP TALK today
is entitled: BREAST
SELF-EXAMINATION
– TO DO OR NOT TO
DO.
This is part of the
Health Issue Course.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
7. Breast self-examination or BSE is
examining one’s own breasts.
The other phrase that is being used
interchangeably to mean the same thing is
self breast examination (SBE).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
8. What are the issues associated with BSE?
The main issue is whether BSE should be
used to screen for early detection of
breast cancer.
The other issues are:
- being afraid to do BSE and
- accuracy worry of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
9. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
In the Internet, one sees reports that BSE is not or
no longer recommended as part of the breast
cancer screening.
Yet, one still sees a lot of websites continuing to
advocate and educate women in doing BSE.
What should it be – to do or not to do BSE?
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
10. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
Current ARGUMENTS for NOT TO – NOT TO DO
BSE - NO LONGER RECOMMENDING BSE:
The USPSTF (US Preventive Service Task Force)
recommends against clinicians teaching
women how to perform breast self-
examination.
The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health
Care does not recommend breast self-
examinations.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
11. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
Current ARGUMENTS for NOT TO – NOT TO DO
BSE - NO LONGER RECOMMENDING BSE:
Before the advent of mammography, BSE was
included in the screening guidelines for breast
cancer.
With the advent of mammography, BSE as well as
clinical breast examination (CBE), one that is done
by a physician, is no longer recommended as part
of the breast cancer screening.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
12. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
Current ARGUMENTS for NOT TO – NOT TO DO
BSE - NO LONGER RECOMMENDING BSE:
The reasons forwarded:
- BSE has not shown to be effective in detecting early
breast cancer.
- BSE has not shown to be effective in improving survival
or reduce deaths for women who have breast cancer.
- There are a lot of false positive outcomes that lead to
unnecessary tests.
- There are a lot of false negative outcomes that delay
detection of breast cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
13. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
My personal stand is that BSE should still be a
screening tool for breast cancer together with
other screening tools like clinical breast
examinations by a breast specialist who is an
expert on palpation of the breast and
mammography.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
14. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Here are my reasons.
BSE, as a screening tool, can detect breast cancer
just as clinical breast examination (CBE),
mammography, and other instrumental or
laboratory diagnostic tests can.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
15. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
There may be differences in the diagnostic yield
and diagnostic accuracy among the different
screening methods but BSE for sure can still
detect breast cancer. That this is so is supported
by the fact that before the advent of
mammography, BSE was being recommended as a
screening tool because it could detect breast
cancer no matter what.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
16. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Self-detection of something unusual in the
breasts by a lay person can initiate a medical
consultation which eventually can lead to a
diagnosis of breast cancer, if that something
unusual turns out to be cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
17. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
BSE can detect breast cancer in the early stage as
long as the patients will report their findings to
the breast specialists early enough.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
18. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
By the way, the breast specialists that I am
specifically referring to, are the general surgeons
or breast surgeons who do a lot of palpation of
the breasts in the clinics and who have gained
expertise in the process, especially when they
validate their clinical breast examination findings
with the operative findings in case the patients
undergo operations.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
19. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
The breast surgeons are the expert palpators of
the breast and have the highest accuracy in
detecting breast cancer by physical examination
more than the gynecologists, the medical
oncologists and the radiation oncologists.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
20. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
BSE can and has detected breast cancers in the
localized stage and stage 1 (less than 2-cm
tumor). Its limitation is that it will not be able to
detect through palpation a breast cancer tumor
that is less than 5 mm. Bigger than this, usually 1
cm size, it will be able to detect through
palpation.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
21. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Stage 1 is still considered as early staged cancer.
It is true that mammography can detect breast
cancer tumor at a microscopic level up to a size
smaller than 5 mm. That is the advantage of
mammography over BSE. However, this advantage
of mammography does not and should not negate
the ability of BSE to detect early breast cancer (as
early as stage 1).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
22. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Those patients with early breast cancers detected
with BSE who were treated early have better
survival rates that those patients who presented
with advanced disease. Thus, BSE is able to
reduce breast cancer deaths if it detected cancers
in the early stage (localized and stage 1) and the
patients subject themselves to early treatment.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
23. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
It is a given that no diagnostic procedures and
tests are 100% accurate all the times. BSE has its
own share or percentage of non-diagnostic yield
and inaccuracy.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
24. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
The other diagnostic procedures and tests such as
clinical breast examination and mammography
likewise have their own share or percentage of
non-diagnostic yield and inaccuracy in terms of
false positive and false negative findings.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
25. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
BSE’s false positive findings may lead to
unnecessary tests. This negative situation or
limitation of false positive findings is also present
in clinical breast examination (CBE) and
mammography. A BSE false-positive finding can
be corrected right away without undue harm to
the patient by the CBE by a breast specialist.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
26. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
BSE’s false negative findings may lead to delay in
detection of early breast cancer. Again, this
negative situation or limitation is also present in
clinical breast examination and mammography.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
27. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
A BSE false-negative finding can be corrected
soon or early enough if BSE is being practiced on a
regularly close-interval basis, such as monthly. A
false-negative finding may be changed to a true-
positive findings in subsequent BSEs.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
28. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
The advantage of BSE, if done regularly usually at
the recommended monthly interval, is that it can
detect a false negative result earlier because of
repeated close-interval examinations compared
to clinical breast examination and mammography,
whose repeated examinations are usually done at
longer interval, usually ranging from 6 months to
one year.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
29. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
A reason forwarded against BSE as well as CBE to
favor mammography is that BSE and CBE have a
lot of inaccurate findings. The truth is
mammography also has a lot of inaccurate
findings.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
30. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
There may be studies that show mammography
has a higher diagnostic accuracy rates than BSE
and CBE. The reports should be taken with
caution.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
31. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Mammography are being done by radiologists
who are trained in reading mammography plates.
They are specialists in a sense. So one expects
higher diagnostic accuracy rates than laypeople
doing BSE and general physicians doing CBE.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
32. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
If the laypeople are well-trained in BSE and if the
CBE are done by breast palpator specialists, the
figures in the diagnostic accuracy rates may not
differ much among the three screening methods.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
33. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Another reason to support my personal stand:
In those medical societies recommending against
the use of BSE in favor of mammography, there is
always a statement of “however” like so:
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
34. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
“However, it is very important for women to be aware of
how their breasts normally look and feel and to report any
changes to a health care provider right away. This is
especially important if a woman notices a breast change at
some point in between her regular mammograms.”
Aren’t these statements referring to BSE? Isn’t this a
recognition and appreciation of the ever-present value and
usefulness of BSE? Why do they have to make guideline
statements excluding BSE?
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
35. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
From my perception, on the new changes in the screening
guidelines of USPSTF (US Preventive Service Task Force) and
Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, I think
these came about because mammogram has been reported
to be better than BSE and CBE in terms of capability of
earlier detection of breast cancer and more reduction of
breast cancer deaths as a result of earlier detection. On this
basis, the BSE and CBE were junked totally as screening
methods. I don’t think this should be the case.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
36. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
For me, BSE and CBE can still be used as screening
methods for detection and also early detection
for that matter of breast cancers together with
mammography and other screening methods that
may be found useful now and in the future. The
screening methods do not have to be one only or
exclusive, such as just mammography. They can
be done in combination and in sequence.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
37. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
First, remember, history wise, before the advent
of mammography, BSE was included in the
screening guidelines for breast cancer. It had
served the community or population well in
detecting breast cancer early and as a
consequence of this early detection, it has
reduced breast cancer deaths.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
38. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Second, despite the advent of mammography, up
to now, majority of breast cancer patients have
detected their breast cancers not through
mammography and CBE but through BSE, most of
the time, accidentally and at times, because of a
developed health habit of doing regular BSE.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
39. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
Third, there is no national program that requires and/or
subsidizes a screening mammography for all citizens. For
those who cannot afford out-of-pocket payment of
mammography and do not subscribe to mammography (just
as not everybody subscribes to COVID19 vaccination), an
alternative has to be offered. BSE is the still the most
practical alternative as it costs nothing to every citizen. The
things left to do are that it should be inculcated and taught
well to the population.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
40. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
For me, I repeat my position:
The screening methods do not have to be one
only or exclusive, such as just mammography.
They can be done in combination and in
sequence.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
41. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
It should start with BSE, then CBE (by a breast
specialist) and then mammography for the high-
risk population (particularly those with a family
history of breast cancer).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
42. First issue: whether BSE should be used to screen
for early detection of breast cancer.
ARGUMENTS for TO DO – TO DO BSE – STILL DO
BSE:
The BSE carries no expense on the part of the
citizen or patient. It is simple and can be done
repeatedly, anytime, and anywhere.
It should be taught and practiced well by the
citizens or patients.
It should be taught by the breast specialists.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
43. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
In my medical practice during the past 40 years, I
have encountered a significant number of Filipino
adult women who have expressed their fear of
doing BSE (mind you, this is different from
declaring they don’t know how to do BSE as a
reason for not doing or wanting to do BSE – this
will be the third issue to be discussed below).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
44. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
One specific reason forwarded is they are
afraid to find something fearsome,
particularly breast cancer. I don’t know the
technical term for this phobia, maybe,
xenophobia – fear of the unknown.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
45. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
This situation is present in real life, not only for
breast cancers but also for other diseases. They
are afraid to do self-examination of their own
bodies because of fear of finding something
fearsome.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
46. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
Such unfounded fear may lead to late detection of
breast cancer regardless of what screening
methods are being recommended (CBE and
mammography included). People with this kind
of fear or attitude will not subject themselves to
any kind of screening methods.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
47. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
What is the solution here?
Education, persuasion, and psychotherapy
if indicated.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
48. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
Another reason forwarded for being afraid to do
BSE by the Filipino women is the belief that
touching or palpating the breast may cause breast
cancer.
This is a myth that has arisen from the belief that
trauma or a bump is a cause of breast cancer.
A bump on the breast does not cause breast
cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
49. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
The background story behind the myth is that the
painless unnoticeable cancer has been in the
breast even before the bump. One day, when the
bump occurs on the breast that contains the
cancer, the person reflexly touches her breast and
lo and behold, the cancer is discovered. This is
origin of this myth believing that the bump
caused the breast cancer. It is not true a bump on
the breast or touching or palpating the breast can
cause breast cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
50. Second issue: Afraid of doing BSE by Filipino
women.
What is the solution here?
Education and persuasion.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
51. Third issue: They don’t want to do BSE because
they don’t know how to it.
Very superficial reason but this is a common
reason presented!!!
There may be a deeper cause though, probably,
afraid to find something fearsome and believing
that doing palpation can cause breast cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
52. Third issue: They don’t want to do BSE because
they don’t know how to it.
What is the solution here?
Resolve deeper causes first.
Then convince the laypeople of the
usefulness of BSE.
Once they are convinced, teach them
properly.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
53. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• All women should start developing a habit of
doing BSE as early as age 20 as part of their
preparedness program in detecting breast
cancer in case one unfortunately develops in
their bodies. Breast cancer is still rare in this
age group. It starts coming out at age 30 to 40.
So, at age 20, there is a lead-time of 10 years in
developing BSE as a health habit in detecting
early breast cancer.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
54. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• BSE consists of inspection (looking at anything
unusual on the externals of the breasts) and
palpation (feeling the breasts for an abnormal
mass).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
55. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• In palpation, one has to differentiate lumpy
breast tissues from a real mass which is
medically called dominant mass (a more-or-
less round or oval hump with a feel that is
different from the surrounding normal breast
tissues). If there is palpated dominant mass,
automatically it is considered as a red flag (for
further investigation as it signifies an
abnormality).
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
56. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
57. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• For menstruating women, it is usually
advisable to do BSE a few days after the last
day of the mense to avoid hormonal swelling
of breast tissues during mense being mistaken
for a dominant mass. This is aside from
avoiding the discomfort induced by palpating a
breast that is usually sensitive during time of
menstruation.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
58. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• For non-menstruating women, it is usually
advisable to choose either the first or last day
of the month for doing a monthly BSE for ease
of memory.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
59. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• The first goal of BSE is to look and feel for
anything unusual on the breasts. Once
something unusual is found, either it is closely
monitored for persistence or it is brought to
the attention of a breast specialist already. The
self-monitoring of doubtful unusual findings
can be done with repeated BSE on the same
day, subsequent days or the next month.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
60. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• The second goal of BSE is to try to interpret the
unusual findings as much as able. If unable to
and a red flag is present, consult a breast
specialist right away.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
61. Before going to how to do BSE, some essential
pointers to remember:
• There are many techniques as there are
authors. Choose one that is simple and
practical to do as long as the end-points or
goals are reached, especially the first goal.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
62. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqI3aVkhLs
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
63. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Visual Inspection (LOOKING)
Expose the upper body.
In a standing position, face a mirror to view entire
chest and breasts.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
64. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
With both arms down and then raised over the
head,
look for anything unusual on the breasts!
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
65. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Look for changes in the contour of the breasts and
armpits, such as bulge, skin dimpling, and
flattening!
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
66. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Look for unusual changes on the skin of the
breasts, such as redness and lesions!
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
67. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Manual Palpation (FEELING)
In a standing position, with one arm raised over
the head, using the flats of 2 to 3 fingers (2nd to
4th fingers) of the other hand, gently but firmly
palpate the entire breast on the side where the
arm is raised.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
68. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Feel for anything unusual in the breast and feel
for a possible presence of a dominant mass!
A dominant mass is an unusual density distinct
from the surrounding breast tissue with a felt
margin or border which connotes a three
dimensional lump.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
69. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Cover the entire area of the breast by going one
quadrant at a time until all four quadrants of the
breast are palpated.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
70. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Before palpating the armpit, gently squeeze the
nipple for possible presence of discharge.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
71. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
When palpating the armpit, put the arm down to
have a lax or slack skin fold. Place the palpating
fingers initially at the uppermost portion of the
armpit. Then, gently but firmly press against the
chest wall in the armpit and slowly glide the
fingers downward to feel for anything unusual
and to feel for a possible presence of a dominant
mass!
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
72. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Repeat the same procedures for the other breast,
nipple, and armpit.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
73. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
74. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
- NO dominant breast mass found on physical
examination in patients complaining of breast
mass and in patients coming for breast check =
normal or fibrocystic changes
- Breast pain with NO dominant breast mass =
fibrocystic changes
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
75. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
- Nonsanguinous (not red) nipple discharge with
NO dominant breast mass = fibrocystic
changes
- Sanguinous (red) nipple discharge with NO
dominant breast mass = intraductal
papilloma
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
76. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
- Focal erythema or redness and tenderness with
NO dominant breast mass = mastitis
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
77. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
- Focal erythema or redness with a tender,
fluctuant dominant breast mass = breast
abscess
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
78. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
- cystic mass with no signs of malignancy –
Macrocyst
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
79. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
SUSPECT CANCER:
- Presence of a dominant breast mass with telltale
(or giveaway) signs of malignancy (signs of local
invasion of the breast mass on the adjacent
tissues and signs of spread)
- Presence of sanguinous nipple discharge with an
accompanying dominant mass
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
80. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
CANCER SUSPECT
Signs of local invasion of the breast mass
on the adjacent tissues
• Fixation to the adjacent tissues such as the
overlying skin inclusive of the nipple and
areola and the underlying tissues such as chest
muscles and ribs.
• Skin changes over the mass that are suggestive
and indicative of local invasion such as
ulcerations and fungation.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
81. How to Do Breast Self-Examination – by ROJoson
Interpretations of Findings on BSE
CANCER SUSPECT
Signs of spread
• presence of palpable ipsilateral axillary
lymph node and supraclavicular lymph
node.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
82. • Do not listen / be discouraged by the negative
recommendations on BSE.
• Do not be afraid to do BSE as it will not cause
breast cancer. Do not be afraid to do BSE
because of fear of finding breast cancer. If
there is breast cancer, with BSE, it will be
detected early enough.
• Do not simply say you don’t know how to do
BSE to justify your reason for not doing BSE.
You have to learn how to do it because of its
usefulness. You can easily learn it as it is
simple.
Summary
Take Away
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
83. • Develop BSE as a health habit. Make it as your
first and mainstay screening and detecting
armamentarium for breast cancer. You can
complement BSE with CBE, mammography and
other screening methods as needed and
indicated. Do not rely solely on mammography
and even CBE as they may give a false-negative
finding at the time of examination and if you do
monthly BSE, you may be able to discover a
dominant mass that may appear before the
next mammography. This way, you are able to
discover a dominant mass early.
Summary
Take Away
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
84. • Doing regular BSE is an investment for your
breast health. Nobody knows when breast
cancer will strike. Do monthly BSE so that once
breast cancer strikes, you can detect it early
enough. With early recognition and early
treatment, your chances of cure will be high.
Summary
Take Away
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
If you don’t do BSE AND if a breast cancer
appears and is already in the advanced
stage, you will be blamed for the situation.
You did not love yourself and your body
enough.
85. • BSE as a health habit is simple and without
cost. It can be repeated anytime without
added cost. It can be done anytime and
anywhere.
• It can detect breast cancer and other breast
diseases. It can detect early breast cancer as
long it is done regularly and properly and as
long as it is reported to a breast specialist early
enough. Consult a breast specialist right away
once a dominant mass is detected during BSE.
Summary
Take Away
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
86. Be always in touch with reliable medical
information on fundamentals and generalities in
medical management of breast disorders
especially cancer.
Take Away in
relation to
Patient
Empowerment
Knowledge is power; it gives power.
Use the 4Ks of Patient Empowerment:
Kaalaman, Kakayanan, Karapatan and
Kapangyarihan
to gain greater control over decisions in
management of your breast health.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO
87. Empowerment
objective - for
laypeople to have an
understanding of
the issues involved
in BREAST SELF-
EXAMINATION.
Health Issue
Breast Self-
Examination:
TO DO or NOT
TO DO