This document discusses the metallurgical testing requirements for raw ferrous metal materials (bar stock) used in automotive manufacturing. It covers the necessary evaluation of steel making method, chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, grain size, inclusion rating, decarburization, and macro streak flaws to ensure the metals meet specifications for properties like strength and hardenability. Alloying elements are described along with their effects on steel characteristics. Requirements include limits for carbon content, alloy content and impurities in the steel.
This document discusses various piping materials used in modular fabrication yards. It covers the classification of materials into metals and non-metals and describes their selection based on mechanical and metallurgical properties. Specific details are provided about carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and corrosion. Standards for material naming conventions from ASTM and ASME are also outlined.
The document provides information about iron and steel, including:
1) It describes the properties and manufacturing process of pig iron, cast iron, and wrought iron. Pig iron is high in carbon and used to make steel. Cast iron is hard and brittle while wrought iron is soft and malleable.
2) It discusses the properties of mild steel and hard steel, as well as various measures that can be taken to prevent corrosion of steel. These include using stainless steel, barrier coatings, and anti-corrosive paints.
3) It outlines the mechanical treatment processes used to shape steel ingots into usable forms, including drawing, forging, pressing, and rolling.
The document discusses various industrial and fertilizer materials. It covers the classification and properties of ferrous metals including carbon steel, alloy steels, cast iron and stainless steels. It describes the composition, mechanical properties and common uses of different grades of these materials. Specific grades used in fertilizer plants are also mentioned including Cr-Mo steels, austenitic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels used in urea services and reactors.
The document discusses steel used in manufacturing lightweight automobiles. It provides an overview of modern steelmaking processes and compares steel to other materials like aluminum and carbon fiber. Key points include that steel is the most cost-effective material, it is fully recyclable, and advanced steel refining processes like vacuum degassing improve properties. Case studies show how automakers are using newer high-strength steels to reduce vehicle weight while improving crash performance.
This document discusses various ferrous metals and alloys, including pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, carbon steels, and alloy steels. It describes the production of pig iron in a blast furnace and the key properties and uses of different types of cast iron and steels. The effects of various alloying elements in steels are also summarized.
This document discusses various base metal alloys used in dentistry, including their compositions, properties and applications. It covers cast cobalt-chromium alloys, cast nickel-chromium alloys, cast and wrought titanium alloys, and wrought stainless steel and cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys. For each type of alloy, the key elements, properties such as strength and corrosion resistance, and common dental applications are described. The document provides an overview of the characteristics and uses of different base metal alloys as alternatives to gold in dentistry.
This document provides an overview of materials used in fertilizer plants, including their classification, properties, and applications. It discusses various types of metals and alloys used, including carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and others. Key points covered include:
- Classification of materials into ferrous, non-ferrous, metallic, and non-metallic categories.
- Properties of materials like strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness.
- Types of steel alloys and role of elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and carbon.
- Applications of materials for cooling water networks, steam lines, and urea service equipment.
- Stainless steel
This document discusses various piping materials used in modular fabrication yards. It covers the classification of materials into metals and non-metals and describes their selection based on mechanical and metallurgical properties. Specific details are provided about carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and corrosion. Standards for material naming conventions from ASTM and ASME are also outlined.
The document provides information about iron and steel, including:
1) It describes the properties and manufacturing process of pig iron, cast iron, and wrought iron. Pig iron is high in carbon and used to make steel. Cast iron is hard and brittle while wrought iron is soft and malleable.
2) It discusses the properties of mild steel and hard steel, as well as various measures that can be taken to prevent corrosion of steel. These include using stainless steel, barrier coatings, and anti-corrosive paints.
3) It outlines the mechanical treatment processes used to shape steel ingots into usable forms, including drawing, forging, pressing, and rolling.
The document discusses various industrial and fertilizer materials. It covers the classification and properties of ferrous metals including carbon steel, alloy steels, cast iron and stainless steels. It describes the composition, mechanical properties and common uses of different grades of these materials. Specific grades used in fertilizer plants are also mentioned including Cr-Mo steels, austenitic stainless steels, and duplex stainless steels used in urea services and reactors.
The document discusses steel used in manufacturing lightweight automobiles. It provides an overview of modern steelmaking processes and compares steel to other materials like aluminum and carbon fiber. Key points include that steel is the most cost-effective material, it is fully recyclable, and advanced steel refining processes like vacuum degassing improve properties. Case studies show how automakers are using newer high-strength steels to reduce vehicle weight while improving crash performance.
This document discusses various ferrous metals and alloys, including pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron, carbon steels, and alloy steels. It describes the production of pig iron in a blast furnace and the key properties and uses of different types of cast iron and steels. The effects of various alloying elements in steels are also summarized.
This document discusses various base metal alloys used in dentistry, including their compositions, properties and applications. It covers cast cobalt-chromium alloys, cast nickel-chromium alloys, cast and wrought titanium alloys, and wrought stainless steel and cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys. For each type of alloy, the key elements, properties such as strength and corrosion resistance, and common dental applications are described. The document provides an overview of the characteristics and uses of different base metal alloys as alternatives to gold in dentistry.
This document provides an overview of materials used in fertilizer plants, including their classification, properties, and applications. It discusses various types of metals and alloys used, including carbon steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and others. Key points covered include:
- Classification of materials into ferrous, non-ferrous, metallic, and non-metallic categories.
- Properties of materials like strength, hardness, ductility, and toughness.
- Types of steel alloys and role of elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and carbon.
- Applications of materials for cooling water networks, steam lines, and urea service equipment.
- Stainless steel
عرض تقديمي من Microsoft PowerPoint جديد (2).pptxssuser26e605
1. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and can be classified as low, medium, or high carbon steel based on carbon content. Medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.7% carbon.
2. Alloying steel adds additional elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and hardenability. Common alloying elements and their effects are described.
3. The three main types of stainless steel - austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic - are distinguished based on their microstructure and typical compositions. Austenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance.
This document provides an overview of metallurgy concepts related to welding. It defines common terminology used in metallurgy including different types of steel compositions and heat treatments. Key alloying elements are described that are added to steel to influence properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Mechanical testing procedures are also summarized, including tensile testing, bend testing, and Charpy impact testing. Diagrams illustrate the different mechanical test specimens and equipment used.
Stainless steel and ortho archwires sunandaSunanda Paul
The document discusses stainless steel and orthodontic wires. It provides information on the history, properties, and applications of stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. Specifically, it outlines the different types of stainless steel based on their crystal structure and composition, including ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses properties of orthodontic wires like stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and nickel titanium alloy wires.
MSM-5 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Alloy .s.pptxhappycocoman
The document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes plain carbon steels and how alloying elements can alter their properties. Various alloy steels are covered, including stainless steels, high speed steels, maraging steels, and free machining steels. The effects of different alloying elements on steels are also summarized. Non-ferrous alloys discussed include brasses, bronzes, and aluminum-copper alloys.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their alloys. It begins by introducing ferrous metals as metals primarily made of iron that are good conductors of heat and electricity. It then classifies ferrous metals and discusses cast iron and steel in more detail. For cast iron, it covers classifications including white, grey, ductile, and malleable cast iron as well as the effects of various alloying elements. For steel, it notes that steel is an alloy of iron and carbon up to 2.1% used widely in construction and defines types including carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and tool steels.
The document discusses different types of stainless steel, including their compositions and properties. It begins with an overview of crystallography and allotropes, explaining that iron and steel are crystalline and can exist in different forms. It then covers the four main types of stainless steel: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, and duplex. For each type, the document describes their typical compositions in terms of chromium, nickel, and other elements, as well as their properties such as corrosion resistance, strength, and magnetic permeability.
This document provides an overview of steels, including their classification, composition, microstructure, and properties. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.3% C), medium carbon (0.3-0.6% C), high carbon (0.6-1.0% C), or ultra high carbon (1.25-2.0% C) steels. Low alloy steels contain up to 2% alloying elements. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels contain small amounts of alloying elements like niobium, vanadium, and titanium to strengthen the steel. Heat treatments like carburizing can further modify the microstructure and properties. A
The document summarizes information about steel, including its composition, production processes, classifications, properties, and identification systems. It discusses the various types of carbon steels and alloy steels, as well as tool steels, stainless steels, and provides information on steel alloying ingredients and their effects. It also outlines classification systems for steels such as AISI-SAE steel designation.
Steel and cast iron ( application ,types and properties )Eng.Ahmed Samy
The document discusses different systems for classifying and naming steel alloys according to their composition. It describes the four-digit system used by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to indicate the carbon content and other alloying elements of carbon and alloy steels. It also outlines the classification of alloy steels as low-alloy or high-alloy based on alloying element concentration. Finally, it mentions that the German DIN system is another standard used by steel manufacturers for naming steel alloys.
1. Casting alloys must meet biological, chemical, mechanical, and practical requirements for use in dentistry. Biologically, they should be non-toxic and resist degradation. Chemically, they require properties like corrosion resistance and ability to form oxide layers. Mechanically, they need strength, ductility, and appropriate hardness. Practically, they must be affordable and suitable for casting and repair techniques.
2. Common casting alloys include high noble alloys like gold, noble alloys like palladium-silver, and base metal alloys like cobalt-chrome and nickel-chrome. Gold alloys are classified and modified through various compositions and heat treatments to achieve desired properties for different dental applications. Low gold alloys
This document provides an introduction to cast iron, including its various types (white, malleable, gray, nodular), composition, microstructure, properties, applications, advantages, and problems. It discusses the key characteristics of each type of cast iron, such as white cast iron containing all carbon in the combined form of cementite. Gray cast iron contains most carbon in the uncombined form of graphite flakes. Nodular cast iron contains carbon in the form of tiny spherical graphite nodules.
Ferrous alloys contain iron as the base metal. There are several types of ferrous alloys including various steels and cast irons. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon steel (<0.25% C), medium carbon steel (0.25-0.6% C), and high carbon steel (0.6-2% C). Additional alloying elements are added to steels to produce constructional alloy steels, tool alloy steels, and stainless steels. The various alloying elements impact properties such as hardenability, strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.
THE GIVEN PRESENTATION IS PREPARED FROM PHILIPS SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS- ANUSAVICE BY DR.SWARNEET KAKPURE [MDS-CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS]
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements like manganese, phosphorus, and silicon. Carbon content in common steel grades ranges from 0.1-1%. These alloying elements determine the properties of different steel types. Steels are classified as low alloy (<10% other elements) or high alloy, and can be further broken down by carbon content. Low carbon steels are commonly used and have good weldability and machinability but require cold working to strengthen. Alloying elements like manganese and phosphorus increase hardness and strength but decrease ductility.
This document summarizes the steelmaking process. It begins with extracting iron ore from the earth, which is then processed through various steps to remove impurities and produce pig iron. The pig iron and scrap steel are then melted together in a basic oxygen furnace to produce raw steel. Further refinement steps such as ladle furnace treatment and continuous casting are used to produce final steel products like slabs, blooms, and billets. Alloying elements such as carbon, manganese, nickel, and chromium are added during steelmaking to produce different grades of steel with varying properties.
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels possess higher strength than conventional carbon steels through microalloying with elements like vanadium, niobium, and titanium. These alloys produce fine precipitates during cooling that strengthen the steel through mechanisms like grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. Common HSLA grades include ASTM A588 for weathering steel applications and ASTM A633 Grade E for its high yield strength and notch toughness at low temperatures. Vanadium-microalloyed steels gain strength from vanadium carbonitride precipitates while niobium is also effective at grain refinement. Proper control of variables like cooling rate and manganese content maximize the strengthening effect of these al
Stainless steels are alloy steels with a nominal chromium (Cr) content of at least 11 weight percent (wt %), with or without other alloy additions. The oxidation and corrosion resistance of these alloy steels are attributed to the presence of a passive chromium-rich oxide film on the surface. The chromium-rich oxide can be damaged, but will quickly reform if oxygen is available. When exposed to conditions that damage the passive oxide film, stainless steels are subject to corrosive attack.
The rate at which a stainless steel develops a passive film in the atmosphere depends on its chromium content. Polished stainless steels remain bright and tarnish-free under most atmospheric conditions. Exposure to elevated temperatures increases the thickness of the oxide film.
Material Science and Engineering
Ferrous Materials
Classification of Steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon steel
High carbon steel
Structural steel
stainless steel
Applications
Avoiding defects in stainles steel weldingShahid Karim
This document discusses stainless steels and welding stainless steels. It covers:
- Stainless steels are selected for their corrosion resistance. Chromium in the steel forms a protective oxide layer.
- There are five basic types of stainless steels classified by their metallurgical structure. Austenitic steels like 304 are most common.
- Welding stainless steel can lead to discontinuities like cracks, porosity, and contamination/discoloration if not done properly with clean techniques and shielding gas. Sensitization from carbide formation can also reduce corrosion resistance.
- Low-carbon stainless steels, stabilized grades, solution annealing, and avoiding multiple passes can help minimize sensitization when
This document discusses the classification of steels based on their carbon content and alloying elements. It describes low carbon steels as containing less than 0.25% carbon, being tough, malleable, and ductile. Medium carbon steels range from 0.25 to 0.6% carbon and can be heat treated to increase strength. High carbon steels contain more than 0.6% carbon. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are discussed and their effects on properties such as strength, hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Common applications of different steel types are also mentioned.
عرض تقديمي من Microsoft PowerPoint جديد (2).pptxssuser26e605
1. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and can be classified as low, medium, or high carbon steel based on carbon content. Medium carbon steel contains 0.3-0.7% carbon.
2. Alloying steel adds additional elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum to improve properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and hardenability. Common alloying elements and their effects are described.
3. The three main types of stainless steel - austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic - are distinguished based on their microstructure and typical compositions. Austenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance.
This document provides an overview of metallurgy concepts related to welding. It defines common terminology used in metallurgy including different types of steel compositions and heat treatments. Key alloying elements are described that are added to steel to influence properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Mechanical testing procedures are also summarized, including tensile testing, bend testing, and Charpy impact testing. Diagrams illustrate the different mechanical test specimens and equipment used.
Stainless steel and ortho archwires sunandaSunanda Paul
The document discusses stainless steel and orthodontic wires. It provides information on the history, properties, and applications of stainless steel and its use in orthodontics. Specifically, it outlines the different types of stainless steel based on their crystal structure and composition, including ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic stainless steels. It also discusses properties of orthodontic wires like stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, and nickel titanium alloy wires.
MSM-5 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Alloy .s.pptxhappycocoman
The document discusses various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes plain carbon steels and how alloying elements can alter their properties. Various alloy steels are covered, including stainless steels, high speed steels, maraging steels, and free machining steels. The effects of different alloying elements on steels are also summarized. Non-ferrous alloys discussed include brasses, bronzes, and aluminum-copper alloys.
This document discusses ferrous metals and their alloys. It begins by introducing ferrous metals as metals primarily made of iron that are good conductors of heat and electricity. It then classifies ferrous metals and discusses cast iron and steel in more detail. For cast iron, it covers classifications including white, grey, ductile, and malleable cast iron as well as the effects of various alloying elements. For steel, it notes that steel is an alloy of iron and carbon up to 2.1% used widely in construction and defines types including carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, and tool steels.
The document discusses different types of stainless steel, including their compositions and properties. It begins with an overview of crystallography and allotropes, explaining that iron and steel are crystalline and can exist in different forms. It then covers the four main types of stainless steel: ferritic, austenitic, martensitic, and duplex. For each type, the document describes their typical compositions in terms of chromium, nickel, and other elements, as well as their properties such as corrosion resistance, strength, and magnetic permeability.
This document provides an overview of steels, including their classification, composition, microstructure, and properties. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon (<0.3% C), medium carbon (0.3-0.6% C), high carbon (0.6-1.0% C), or ultra high carbon (1.25-2.0% C) steels. Low alloy steels contain up to 2% alloying elements. High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels contain small amounts of alloying elements like niobium, vanadium, and titanium to strengthen the steel. Heat treatments like carburizing can further modify the microstructure and properties. A
The document summarizes information about steel, including its composition, production processes, classifications, properties, and identification systems. It discusses the various types of carbon steels and alloy steels, as well as tool steels, stainless steels, and provides information on steel alloying ingredients and their effects. It also outlines classification systems for steels such as AISI-SAE steel designation.
Steel and cast iron ( application ,types and properties )Eng.Ahmed Samy
The document discusses different systems for classifying and naming steel alloys according to their composition. It describes the four-digit system used by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to indicate the carbon content and other alloying elements of carbon and alloy steels. It also outlines the classification of alloy steels as low-alloy or high-alloy based on alloying element concentration. Finally, it mentions that the German DIN system is another standard used by steel manufacturers for naming steel alloys.
1. Casting alloys must meet biological, chemical, mechanical, and practical requirements for use in dentistry. Biologically, they should be non-toxic and resist degradation. Chemically, they require properties like corrosion resistance and ability to form oxide layers. Mechanically, they need strength, ductility, and appropriate hardness. Practically, they must be affordable and suitable for casting and repair techniques.
2. Common casting alloys include high noble alloys like gold, noble alloys like palladium-silver, and base metal alloys like cobalt-chrome and nickel-chrome. Gold alloys are classified and modified through various compositions and heat treatments to achieve desired properties for different dental applications. Low gold alloys
This document provides an introduction to cast iron, including its various types (white, malleable, gray, nodular), composition, microstructure, properties, applications, advantages, and problems. It discusses the key characteristics of each type of cast iron, such as white cast iron containing all carbon in the combined form of cementite. Gray cast iron contains most carbon in the uncombined form of graphite flakes. Nodular cast iron contains carbon in the form of tiny spherical graphite nodules.
Ferrous alloys contain iron as the base metal. There are several types of ferrous alloys including various steels and cast irons. Steels are classified based on their carbon content as low carbon steel (<0.25% C), medium carbon steel (0.25-0.6% C), and high carbon steel (0.6-2% C). Additional alloying elements are added to steels to produce constructional alloy steels, tool alloy steels, and stainless steels. The various alloying elements impact properties such as hardenability, strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.
THE GIVEN PRESENTATION IS PREPARED FROM PHILIPS SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS- ANUSAVICE BY DR.SWARNEET KAKPURE [MDS-CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS]
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements like manganese, phosphorus, and silicon. Carbon content in common steel grades ranges from 0.1-1%. These alloying elements determine the properties of different steel types. Steels are classified as low alloy (<10% other elements) or high alloy, and can be further broken down by carbon content. Low carbon steels are commonly used and have good weldability and machinability but require cold working to strengthen. Alloying elements like manganese and phosphorus increase hardness and strength but decrease ductility.
This document summarizes the steelmaking process. It begins with extracting iron ore from the earth, which is then processed through various steps to remove impurities and produce pig iron. The pig iron and scrap steel are then melted together in a basic oxygen furnace to produce raw steel. Further refinement steps such as ladle furnace treatment and continuous casting are used to produce final steel products like slabs, blooms, and billets. Alloying elements such as carbon, manganese, nickel, and chromium are added during steelmaking to produce different grades of steel with varying properties.
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels possess higher strength than conventional carbon steels through microalloying with elements like vanadium, niobium, and titanium. These alloys produce fine precipitates during cooling that strengthen the steel through mechanisms like grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. Common HSLA grades include ASTM A588 for weathering steel applications and ASTM A633 Grade E for its high yield strength and notch toughness at low temperatures. Vanadium-microalloyed steels gain strength from vanadium carbonitride precipitates while niobium is also effective at grain refinement. Proper control of variables like cooling rate and manganese content maximize the strengthening effect of these al
Stainless steels are alloy steels with a nominal chromium (Cr) content of at least 11 weight percent (wt %), with or without other alloy additions. The oxidation and corrosion resistance of these alloy steels are attributed to the presence of a passive chromium-rich oxide film on the surface. The chromium-rich oxide can be damaged, but will quickly reform if oxygen is available. When exposed to conditions that damage the passive oxide film, stainless steels are subject to corrosive attack.
The rate at which a stainless steel develops a passive film in the atmosphere depends on its chromium content. Polished stainless steels remain bright and tarnish-free under most atmospheric conditions. Exposure to elevated temperatures increases the thickness of the oxide film.
Material Science and Engineering
Ferrous Materials
Classification of Steel
Low carbon steel
Medium Carbon steel
High carbon steel
Structural steel
stainless steel
Applications
Avoiding defects in stainles steel weldingShahid Karim
This document discusses stainless steels and welding stainless steels. It covers:
- Stainless steels are selected for their corrosion resistance. Chromium in the steel forms a protective oxide layer.
- There are five basic types of stainless steels classified by their metallurgical structure. Austenitic steels like 304 are most common.
- Welding stainless steel can lead to discontinuities like cracks, porosity, and contamination/discoloration if not done properly with clean techniques and shielding gas. Sensitization from carbide formation can also reduce corrosion resistance.
- Low-carbon stainless steels, stabilized grades, solution annealing, and avoiding multiple passes can help minimize sensitization when
This document discusses the classification of steels based on their carbon content and alloying elements. It describes low carbon steels as containing less than 0.25% carbon, being tough, malleable, and ductile. Medium carbon steels range from 0.25 to 0.6% carbon and can be heat treated to increase strength. High carbon steels contain more than 0.6% carbon. Alloying elements like manganese, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum are discussed and their effects on properties such as strength, hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Common applications of different steel types are also mentioned.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. METALLURGY
• METALLURGY IS RELATED TO THE
STUDY OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES &
THE VARIOUS MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
(FORGING,CASTING,ROLLING ETC.) &
THE PROCESS WHICH CHANGE THE
MATL. PROPERTY.
3. TYPE OF METALS
• WE CAN BROADLY CLASSIFY THE
METALS IN TWO GROUPS.
• 1.FERROUS METALS
• 2.NON FERROUS METALS
• IN AUTOMOBILE WE ARE MAINLY
CONCERNED WITH FERROUS
METALS.
4. FERROUS METALS
STEEL (CARBON UP TO 2.0 %) CAST IRON (CARBON MORE THAN 2.0 % )
CARBON STEEL ALLOY STEEL TOOL STEEL
MALLEABLE IRON
GREY CAST IRON
5. PLAIN CARBON STEEL
LOW CARBON STEEL MEDIUM CARBON STEEL HIGH CARBON STEEL
CARBON UP TO 0.3 % CARBON 0.3-0.6 % CARBON MORE THAN0.6 %
6. • PLAIN CARBON STEEL
• CARBON IS THE MAIN ELEMENT WHICH GOVERNS THE PROPERTY OF
STEEL.
• OTHER ELEMENTS ARE KEPT BELOW A CERTAIN LIMIT SO THAT THEY
DO NOT INFLUENCE THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL.
• LOW CARBON STEEL
• EASILY WELDABLE
• HAS GOOD WORKABILITY
• SHOW POOR RESPONSE TO HEAT TREATMENT
• IT IS MAINLY USED FOR SHEETS,STRIPS,ETC.
• MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
• HAS GOOD STRENGTH
• TOUGHNESS
• ITS RESPONSE TO HEAT TREATMENT IS ALSO GOOD.
• HIGH CARBON STEEL
• HAS GOOD STRENGTH
• USED AS TOOL STEEL.
7. DISADVANTAGE OF PLAIN CARBON STEEL
• 1.LOW HARDENABILITY
• 2.MAJOR LOSS OF HARDNESS ON
TEMPERING
• 3.LOW STRENGTH AT ELEVATED TEMP.
• 4.LOW CORROSION & OXIDATION
RESISTANCE.
• THE MOST COMMON METHOD TO
OVERCOME THE DISADVANTAGES OF
PLAIN CARBON STEEL IS TO USE ALLOY
STEEL.
8. ALLOY STEELS
• ALLOY STEELS ARE THOSE IN WHICH
ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS ARE
ADDED TO STEEL FOR ENCHANCING
FURTHER THE PROMINENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLAIN
CARBON STEELS OR TO ENSURE
SPECIFIC PROPERTIES.THE ADDED
ELEMENTS ARE KNOWN AS
ALLOYING ELEMENTS.
9. CLASSIFICATION OF ALLOY STEELS
LOW ALLOY STEELS MEDIUM ALLOY STEELS HIGH ALLOY STEELS
TOTAL ALLOYING
CONTENT IS LESS
THAN 5 %
TOTAL ALLOYING
CONTENT IS 5-10 %
TOTAL ALLOYING
CONTENT IS MORE
THAN 10 %
10. CLASSIFICATION OF ALLOY STEEL ON THE
BASIS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS
Cr STEEL Cr--Mo STEEL
SCr 415 H
SCr 420 H
SCM 415 H
SCM 420 H
11. ADVANTAGES OF ALLOY STEELS
• ALLOYING ELEMENTS ARE ADDED TO
IMPART A NUMBER OF DESIRABLE
PROPERTIES IN STEELS.
• 1.THEY ARE ADDED TO
• INCREASE THE HARDENABILITY
• INCREASE RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING ON
TEMPERING,
• INCREASE RESISTANCE TO CORROSION &
ABRASION.
• IMPROVE THE HIGH TEMP. PROPERTIES.
12. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• THE STEELS ARE PRODUCED THROUGH HOT ROLLING OR HOT
FORGING USUALLY FOLLOWED BY FORGING,CUTTING OR OTHER
MACHINING & HEAT TREATMENT BEFORE IT IS PUT TO USE.
• VARIOUS PROPERTIES TO BE CHECKED IN STEEL BEFORE USE
(OR IN AS RECD. CONDITION FROM STEEL SUPPLIER)
• 1.STEEL MAKING METHOD
• 2.CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
• 3.SUPPLY CONDITION (HARDNESS)
• 4.MICRO STRUCTURE
• 5.HARDENABILITY
• 6.GRAIN SIZE
• 7. INCLUSION RATING
• 8. DECARBURISATION
• 9.STREAK FLAW
• 10.MACRO STRUCTURE.
13. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• STEEL MAKING METHOD
• BASIC STEEL TO BE USED SHALL BE MANUFACTURED
BY
• 1.VACUUM DEGASSING PROCESS
• 2. AL KILLED STEEL
• THIS CAN BE CONFIRMED BY STEEL SUPPLIER
CERTIFICATE.
• STEEL SUPPLIER SHOULD BE SUGGESTED TO
INDICATED THE STEEL MFG. ROUTE ON THE
CERTIFICATE.
14.
15. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STEEL SHALL BE AS PER STANDARD.
• PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS ARE AS
BELOW
ELEMENT SPECIFICATION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT
CARBON 0.30 AND
UNDER
0.01 0.01
0.30 TO
0.75
0.02 0.02
16. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICA
TION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
SILICON 0.35 AND
UNDER
0.02 0.02
17. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICAT
ION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
MANGANESE 0.90 AND
UNDER
0.03 0.03
0.90 TO
2.10
0.04 0.04
18. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICAT
ION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
PHOSPHORUS 0.50 AND
UNDER
- 0.005
19. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICAT
ION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
SULPHUR 0.60 AND
UNDER
- 0.005
20. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICAT
ION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
CHROMIUM 0.90AND
UNDER
0.03 0.03
0.90 TO
2.10
0.05 0.05
21. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
ELEMENT SPECIFICAT
ION
OF MAX.
CHEMICAL
CONTENT
LOWER
LIMIT
UPPER
LIMIT
MOLYBEDNU
M
0.20AND
UNDER
0.01 0.01
0.20 TO
0.40
0.02 0.02
22. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
OTHER ALLOYING
ELEMENTS
PERMISSIBLE
LEVEL
COPPER (Cu) 0.30 MAX.
NICKEL (Ni) 0.25 MAX.
23. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF
STEEL
ALUMINIUM:-
1. USED AS DEOXIDISER
2. RESTRICTS GRAIN GROWTH (HELPS IN FINE GRAIN FORMATION)
3. ALLOYING ELEMENT IN NITRIDING STEELS
CARBON:-
1. PRINCIPAL HARDENING ELEMENT
2. INCREASE IN CARBON % INCREASES THE HARDNESS
3. DUCTILITY & WELDABILITY DECREASES AS CARBON INCREASES.
24. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF
STEEL
CHROMIUM:-
1. INCREASES COROSION AND OXIDATION RESISTANCE.
2. INCREASES HARDENABILITY
3. INCREASES STRENGTH AT HIGH TEMPERATURE.
4. WITH ADDED CARBON RESIST WEAR & ABRASION.
MANGANESE:-
1. COUNTERACTS EFFECT OF BRITTLENESS FROM SULPHER.
2. INCREASES HARDENABILITY.
3. HIGH Mn & HIGH C PRODUCES STEELS RESISTANT TO WEAR &
ABRASION.
25. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF
STEEL
MOLYBEDNUM:- USED WITH OTHER ELEMENTS & HAS
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON STEEL
1. WITH Cr & Mn IT IMPROVES & ADDS TO HARDENABILITY OF
STEEL.
2. USEFUL WHERE CLOSE HARDENABILITY IS REQD.
3. INCREASES CORROSION RESISTANCE.
4. INCREASES HIGH TEMP. STRENGTH.
5. INCREASES TENSILE & CREEP STRENGTH.
NICKEL:-
1. PROVIDES TOUGHNESS AT LOW TEMP.
2. INCREASES CORROSION RESISTANCE WITH Cr.
26. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF
STEEL
PHOSPHOROUS:-
1. STRENGTHEN LOW C STEEL.
2. INCREASES CORROSION RESISTANCE.
3. IMPROVES MACHINABILITY IN FREE CUTTING STEEL.
4. INCREASES TENSILE STRENGTH IN LOW CARBON ALLOY STEEL.
SILICON:-
1. USED AS DEOXIDISER..
2. INCREASES TENSILE STRENGTH & ABRASION RESISTANCE.
3. RAISES YIELD POINT.
4. ENHANCES RESISTANCES TO SCALING.
5. STRENGTHEN LOW ALLOY STEEL
27. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON PROPERTIES OF
STEEL
SULPHUR:-
1. DECREASES DUCTILITY .
2. IMPROVES MACHINABILITY IN FREE CUTTING STEEL.
3. WELDABILITY DECREASES WITH INCERASING S.
4. TENDS TO PROMOTE WELDING CRACKS.
28. PERMISIBLE RANGE OF GASES
GAS PERMISSIBLE
LEVEL
OXYGEN 15 PPM MAX.
(TARGET 12 PPM)
NITROGEN 60 PPM MAX.
HYDROGEN 2 PPM MAX.
29. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF
BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
EFFECT OF VARIOUS GASES ON PROPERTIES OF STEEL
HYDROGEN:- HARMFUL TO STEEL.
1. CAUSES EMBRITTLEMENT .
2. DECREASES ELONGATION & REDUCTION IN AREA.
3. DECRASES TENSILE STRENGTH.
4. AT ELEVATED TEMP. ACTS AS DECARBURISING AGENTS.
NITROGEN:-
1. HAS DETERIORATING EFFECT BECAUSE IT IMPAIRS TOUGHNESS.
OXYGEN:- INJURIOUS TO STEEL.
1. WEAKENS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
31. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• MICRO STRUCTURE
.
SUPPLY
CONDITION
MICRO STRUCTURE
NORMALISED UNIFROMALLY DISTRIBUTED
PEARLITE & FERRITE WITH MAX.
10% BAINITE .SHOULD BE FREE
FROM BANDING
FULL
ANNEALING
PEARLITE LAMELLAR STRUCTURE
OF 60% OR MORE
SPHEROIDIZING SPHERIC RATE IS 80% OR MORE
42. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• HARDENABILITY
• THE HARDENABILITY J-13 (HARDNESS AT
A DISTANCE (J) OF 13 mm. FROM QUENCH
END) SHALL BE AS PER FOLLOWING
TABLE.
.
44. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• GRAIN SIZE
• THE AUSTENITIC GRAIN SIZE OF THE STEEL CAN BE CHECKED
WITH THE HELP OF MICROSCOPE & IT SHOLD ALSO CONFIRMED
WITH THE HELP OF STEEL SUPPLIER CERTIFICATE.
• THE GRAIN SIZE SHALL CONFIRM TO THE TABLE GIVEN BELOW
.
HEAT TREATMENT AUSTENITIC GRAIN SIZE
FOR CARBURISING AVERAGE GRAIN SIZE
NO. 6.0MIN.
FOR REFINING AVERAGE GRAIN SIZE
NO. 5.0MIN.
45. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• INCLUSION RATING
• THE INCLUSION RATING SHOULD BE CHEKED AS PER
FOLLOWING
SERIES
TYPE
A B C D
THICK 1.5MAX 0.5 MAX 0.5 MAX 1.0 MAX
THIN 2.0 MAX 1.0 MAX 0.5 MAX 1.0 MAX
47. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• DECARBURISATION
• THE DECARBURISATION (TOTAL+PARTIAL) SHALL BE
RESTRICTED AS PER FOLLOWING
DIA DECARB
(TOTAL+PARTIAL)
UP TO 32 mm. 0.15 MAX.
ABOVE 32 mm. 0.20 MAX.
48. BASIC METALLURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
OF BASIC STEELS (BAR STOCK)
• MACRO STREAK FLAW
• THESTREAK FLAW OF STEEL SHALL CONFIRM TO
FOLLOWING TABLE
CLASSIFICATION STREAK FLAW
INDICATION
FOR CARBURISING 8-12-(-5) MAX.
FOR REFINING 10-15 –(6)MAX.