This document provides biographical details about Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It discusses his family background and early education in the Philippines and abroad. Rizal studied in universities in Manila, Madrid, Paris, and Heidelberg where he earned multiple degrees. The document outlines Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1887 where he practiced medicine until controversy arose over his novel Noli Me Tangere, leading to his eventual execution in 1896.
Rizal Chapter 22: Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide)Arvin Garing
Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao, which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements. He practices medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school of boys, promoted community development projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce. Despite his multifarious activities, he kept an extensive correspondence with his family, relatives, fellow reformists, and eminent scientists and scholars of Europe, including Blumentritt. Reinhold Rost, A.B. Meyer, W. Joest of Berlin, S. Knuttle of Stuttgart, and N.M. Keight of Prague.
Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. The steamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter, Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:
1. "That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. "That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
3. "That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion."
Rizal did not agree with these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero. The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
House of Captain Carnicero.jpg) the house Rizal used to live.
Carnicero was charmed by Rizal's fine qualities and personality. They ate together at the same table and had many friendly conversations. Carnicero came to know that Rizal was not a common felon, much less a filibustero. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Governor Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office, and permitted Rizal, who was a good equestrian, to ride his chestnut horse.
Wins in Manila Lottery. On September 21, 1892, the sleepy town of Dapitan burst in hectic excitement. The mail boat Butuan was approaching the town, with colored pennants flying in the sea breezes. Captain Carnicero, thinking that a high Spanish official was coming, hastily dressed in gala uniform, ordered the town folks to gather at the shore, and himself rushed there, bringing a brass band.
The mail boat, Butuan, brought no Spanish officials but the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket No. 9736 jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal, and Francisco Equilor (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P20, 000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery.
Rizal Chapter 22: Exile in Dapitan (Gregorio F. Zaide)Arvin Garing
Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao, which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements. He practices medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of languages, established a school of boys, promoted community development projects, invented a wooden machine for making bricks, and engaged in farming and commerce. Despite his multifarious activities, he kept an extensive correspondence with his family, relatives, fellow reformists, and eminent scientists and scholars of Europe, including Blumentritt. Reinhold Rost, A.B. Meyer, W. Joest of Berlin, S. Knuttle of Stuttgart, and N.M. Keight of Prague.
Beginning of Exile in Dapitan. The steamer Cebu which brought Rizal to Dapitan carried a letter from Father Pablo Pastells, Superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest of Dapitan. In this letter, Father Superior Pastells informed Father Obach that Rizal could live at the parish convent on the following conditions:
1. "That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
2. "That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
3. "That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject and a man of religion."
Rizal did not agree with these conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of the commandant, Captain Carnicero. The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly.
House of Captain Carnicero.jpg) the house Rizal used to live.
Carnicero was charmed by Rizal's fine qualities and personality. They ate together at the same table and had many friendly conversations. Carnicero came to know that Rizal was not a common felon, much less a filibustero. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Governor Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office, and permitted Rizal, who was a good equestrian, to ride his chestnut horse.
Wins in Manila Lottery. On September 21, 1892, the sleepy town of Dapitan burst in hectic excitement. The mail boat Butuan was approaching the town, with colored pennants flying in the sea breezes. Captain Carnicero, thinking that a high Spanish official was coming, hastily dressed in gala uniform, ordered the town folks to gather at the shore, and himself rushed there, bringing a brass band.
The mail boat, Butuan, brought no Spanish officials but the happy tidings that the Lottery Ticket No. 9736 jointly owned by Captain Carnicero, Dr. Rizal, and Francisco Equilor (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a neighboring town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P20, 000 in the government-owned Manila Lottery.
This mission was to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the great task of liberating his oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny. The course to Spain is the start of Rizal's travels.
This mission was to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the great task of liberating his oppressed people from the Spanish tyranny. The course to Spain is the start of Rizal's travels.
POEMS OF RIZAL
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
“To my fellow children”
a poem about the love of one's native language written in Tagalog.
Jose Rizal wrote it in 1869 at the age of eight.
The poem was widely taught in Philippine schools to point out Rizal's precociousness and early development of his nationalistic ideals.
Mi Primera Inspiracion
“My first inspiration”
first poem written by Dr. Jose Rizal during his third academic year in Ateneo de Municipal.
He wrote the poem in 1874, before he turned 14.
He was delighted to see his mother, Doña Teodora Alonso, released from prison that same year so he dedicated the poem to her.
He also dedicated this poem to his mother’s birthday.
Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria
“Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light”
Rizal wrote this poem in the year 1876 at the age of fifteen.
It was written in Ateneo de Municipal in Manila.
The poem was written during the Spanish Government.
Alianza Íntima Entre La Religión Y La Buena Educación
“The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education”
Poem he wrote to show the important relationship between religion and education.
During the summer of April 1876, before entering his fifth year in Ateneo Municipal in June, Jose Rizal previous to turning fifteen wrote this poem along with Por La Educación Recibe Lustre La Patria.
Religious Poems
Al Nino Jesus
“To the Child Jesus”
written in Spanish by Jose Rizal in 1875 at the age of 14 during his stay Ateneo De Municipal.
After his mother’s imprisonment, he wrote many poems, mostly inspired by his friend and professor: Father Sanchez.
Among the poems he wrote, in 1875 were
the ff:
Felicitacion (Felicitation)
El Embarque Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet)
Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He Is Spanish Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World)
El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
In 1876, he wrote other poems on various topics. Among these are:
Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Which was also another tender poem about the town where he was born.
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo
“In Memory of My Town”
Rizal wrote it in 1876 when he was 15 years old while a student in the Ateneo de Manila.
This poem is about the Calamba, the place where he was born, which he loved very dearly.
The following year of 1877 also showed a lot of poetry that were written by him:
El Heroismo de Colon
“The Heroism of Columbus”
This poem praises Columbus for his adventurous spirit and his success as an explorer.
2 Reasons why famous poem of Rizal, “To The Filipino Youth” was described as “winning classic in Philippine Literature”
It was the first Spanish poem written by a Filipino, which gained recognition among known Spanish authors,
It contained for the first time, the nationalistic sentiment insinuating that the Filipinos, and no
Rizal Chapter 4: Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872 – 1877 )Noriel Caisip
4 months after the execution of Gom-Bur-Za and with Doña Teodora still in prison
Jose, was sent to Manila
He studied in the Ateneo Municipal
Under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits
Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran
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Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Rizal's life by Cabsag Naisy BSED3
1. Jose Rizal
Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National Hero
LIFE OF
JOSE PROTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO
REALONDA
2. FAMILY BACKGROUND
PARENTS
Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818-1898)
Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos
SIBLINGS
Saturnina
Paciano
Narcisa
Olympia
Lucia
Maria
Jose
Concepcion
Josefa
Trinidad
Soledad
(1850-1913)
(1851-1931)
(1852-1913)
(1855-1887)
(1857-1919)
(1859-1945)
(1861-1896)
(1862-1865)
(1865-1945)
(1868-1945)
(1970-1929)
3. FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
Studied Latin & Philosophy at the
College of San Jose Manila
Describe by Jose Rizal as
“model of fathers”
A successful farmer
He loved books
An excellent model for José Rizal
that molded him up into a man of
honor
Understood the world of
humanity which furnished him
with greater respect for other
people, and greater respect to
the dignity of labor
IMMEDIATE FAMILY
TEODORA ALONSO
Born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Manila
Talented and remarkable woman
Temperament of the Poet and
dreamer and bravery for sacrifice
His first teacher
Inculcated the value of
knowledge and education to the
young Jose
A good Mathematician and
Manager of business of the Rizal
family
4. EARLY INFLUENCES
His mother encourage him to express his ideas
and sentiments in verse.
“The Story of the Moth” about the mother
moth warning its offspring of the danger of
fluttering to close to flame. The little moth did
not heed the advice, thus it was burned by the
flame. Gave him the moral lesson that if one
must succeed, he must take risks and prepare
for the worst consequences. Without
courage, there will be no glory.
5. JOSÉ POTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA
Born: June 19, 1861 in Calamba
Died: Dec. 30, 1896 in Manila
6. BIRTH AND EARLY CHILDHOOD
In Calamba, Laguna
1869 – “Sa Aking Mga Kababata”
June 19, 1861 - birth
June 22, 1861 - baptized
1864 – learned the alphabet from his mother
1865 – his sister Conception (8th child) died at the age of
three
1865-1867 his mother taught him how to read and write
Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin
Uncle Manuel Alberto – taught the latter love for the
nature
Uncle Gregorio – instilled love for education
Usman – Rizal’s dog
7. IN BIÑAN, LAGUNA
1870 – his brother Paciano brought Rizal to
Biñan, Laguna
Justiano Aquino Cruz – taught Rizal Latin
and Spanish
Juancho Carrera – taught him the art of
painting
December 17, 1870 – Rizal returned to
Calamba after he finished his studies in
Biñan
8. BACK IN CALAMBA
1871 - his mother was imprisoned in Sta.
Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the wife
of Jose Alberto
1872 – Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872;
his father forbid the words:
Cavite
Burgos
Cavite
10. IN BIÑAN
At he age of 3, Rizal learned
the alphabet from his mother
At the age of 5, while
learning to read and
write, Rizal already showed
inclinations to be an artist.
He astounded his family and
relatives by his pencil
drawings and sketches and
by his moldings of clay.
At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a
Tagalog poem, “Sa Aking
Mga Kababata”, the theme of
which revolves on the love of
one’s language.
Rizal’s parents employed
private tutors to give him
lessons at home. The first was
Maestro Celestino and the
second. Maestro Lucas
Padua.
Later on a man named Leon
Monroy, a former classmate of
Rizal’s father became his
tutor. This teacher lived at the
Rizal home and instructed
Rizal in Spanish and Latin.
Unfortunately. He did not live
long. He died five months
later.
11. FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL
Rizal met the bully, Pedro.
Rizal, who was angry at this bully
for making fun of him during his
conversation with the
teacher, challenged Pedro to a fight.
Rizal having learned the art of
wrestling from his athletic Tio
Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.
After class, a classmate named
Andres Salandanan challenged
him to an arm – wrestling match.
Rizal having the weaker arm, lost
and nearly cracked his head on the
sidewalk.
Best student in School
In academic studies, Rizal beat all
Binan boys. He surpassed them all in
Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.
They were all jealous of his
intellectual superiority that they
wickedly squealed to the teacher
whenever Rizal had a fight outside
the school, and even told lies to
discredit him before the teacher’s
eyes. Consequently the teacher had
to punish Rizal.
He received many whippings and
strokes from ferule. Rare was the day
when he was not stretched on the
bench for a whipping or punished
with five or six blows on the open
palm.
12. STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES IN UST
Got low grades
Studied Philosophy and Letters
Study medicine (ophthalmology) - did not complete
Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican
Institution of higher learning because;
1)
2)
3)
The Dominican professors were hostile to him
The Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards
The method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive
13. IN ATENEO
Got excellent grades
Studied bachelor of arts in 1877
Graduated as one of sobresaliente
First professor was Fr. Jose Bech
Rizal was a member of the academy of Spanish Literature
and the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Wrote his first poem Mi Primera Inspiracion
(My First Inspiration) which was dedicated to his
mother on her birthday.
He also wrote Through Education our Motherland
Receives Light and The Intimate Alliance
Between Religion and Good Education which
showed the importance of religion in education.
14. EDUCATION IN EUROPE
Traveled alone to Europe
Madrid in May 1882
Continued his studies in Medicine at the Universidad de
Madrid
Degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1884
Degree of Philosophy and Letters in 1885
University of Paris (France)
University of Heidelberg (Germany)
Earned a second doctorate
Inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society
and the Berlin Anthropological Society under the
patronage of the famous pathologist Rodulf Virchow
15. UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
25 year old Rizal completed in 1887 his eye
specialization under the renowned Prof. Otto
Becker in Heidelberg
Left Heidelberg a poem, “A La Flores del
Heidelberg”, both an evocation and a
prayer for the welfare of his native land and
the unification of common values between
East and West
16. RIZAL’S LIFE IN EUROPE
Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years
He could converse in ore than 10 different
tongues
Excelled at martial
arts, fencing, sculpture, painting
teaching, anthropology, and journalism, among
other things
During his European sojoum, he also began to
write novels. Rizal finished his first book, Noli
Me Tangere, while living in Wilhemsfeld with
the Reverend Karl Ullmer
18. DECISION TO RETURN HOME
To operate on his mother’s eye
To serve his people who had long been
oppressed by Spanish tyrants
To find out for himself how the Noli and
other writings were affecting Filipinos
and Spaniards in the Philippines
To inquire why Leonora Rivera remained
silent
19. ARRIVAL IN MANILA
August 5- the Haipong arrived in Manila.
Rizal went ashore with a happy heart for he
once more trod his beloved native soil. He
stayed in the city for a short time to visit his
friends. He found Manila the same as when
he left it five years ago.
20. HAPPY HOMECOMING
August 8- 1887 he returned to Calamba. His family welcomed him
affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy.
In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient
was his mother, who was almost blind. He treated her eyes, but
not performed any surgical operation because her eyes cataracts
were not yet ripe. News of the arrival of a great doctor from
Germany spread far and wide. Patients from Manila and the
provinces flocked to Calamba. Rizal, who came to be called
"Doctor Uliman" because he came from Germany, treated their
ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice. His
professional fees were reasonable, even gratis to the poor. Within
a few months, he was able to earn P900 as a physician. By
February, 1888, he earned a total of P5 000 as medical Fees.
21. STORM OVER THE NOLI
A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke
over his novel. One day Rizal received a
letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero
requesting him to come to Malacañan
Palace. Somebody has whispered to the
Governor's ear that the Noli contained
subversive ideas.
22. RIZAL AND TAVIEL DE ANDRADE
While the storm over the Noli was raging in
Fury, Rizal was not molested in Calamba. This is due
to Governor General Terrero's generosity in assigning
a bodyguard to him. Between this Spanish
bodyguard, Lt. Jose Taviel De Andrade, and Rizal, a
beautiful friendship bloomed.
What marred Rizal's happy days in Calamba with Lt.
Andrade were:
The death of his older sister, Olimpia
The groundless tales circulated by his enemies that
he was "a German Spy, an agent of Bismarck, a
Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond
salvation, etc."
23. CALAMBA'S AGRARIAN TROUBLE
Governor General Terrero, influenced by certain facts
in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government
investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever
iniquities might have been present in connection with
land taxes and with tenant relations. One of the friar
estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda which
the Dominican Order owed since 1883. In compliance
with the Governor General's orders, dated December
30, 1887.The Civil Governor of Laguna. Province
directed the municipal authorities of Calamba to
investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.
24. A POEM TO LIPA
In the few stanzas Rizal extols man's labor and industry,
singing, "Praise to labor / of the country wealth and vigor."
He exhorts the youth to follow in the footsteps of their
industrious elders and thus be worthy of them, for
"Incense does not honor the dear / As does a son with
glory and valor."
A close reading of the poem will reveal to us that Hymn to
Labor was Rizal's way of commending man's labor and
industry and extolling the country's wealth and vigor. For
him labor plays a vital role in keeping up the dignity of a
man for it is work that sustains a man, the motherland,
family and the home. Thus, he considered labor as the
country's blood, health and life.
25. FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
Rizal's exposure of the deplorable conditions of
tenancy in Calamba infuriated further his
enemies. The friars exerted pressure on
Malacañan Palace to eliminate him. They asked
Governor General Terrero to deport him, but the
latter refused because there was no valid
charge against Rizal in the court. Anonymous
threats against Rizal's life were received by his
parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and
friends (including lt. Taviel de Andrade) advised
him to go away, for his life was in danger.
26. Rizal living the Philippines for the second time
JOSE RIZAL’S TRIP TO HONG KONG AND
MACAU
27. Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was
forced lo leave his country for the second
time in 1888
He was 27 years old, a practicing
physician, a recognized man of letters
After six months of staying in the Philippines
Rizal left via streamer Zapiro bound for
Hong Kong
28. RIZAL STAYED AT VICTORIA HOTEL
He met
Jose Maria Basa
Balbino Mauricio
Manuel Yriarte
(son of alcalde mayor in calamba)
29. HONG KONG
According to Rizal in his letter to Bluemenritt, is a
small, but very clean city
Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and
Jews
There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas Islands
since 1872, they were former financiers and rich
but now poor, gentle and timid
A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, shadowed
Rizal's movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that
he was commissioned by the Spanish authoroties
to spy on Rizal
30. MACAU
A Portuguese colony near in Hong Kong
Rizal together with Basa boarded a ferry
named Kiu-Kang going to macau
31. he was surprised to see among the
passengers a familiar figure- Jose Sainz de
Varanda
Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- a Filipino
gentleman who is married to a Portuguese
lady. He was rich and spent his days
cultivating plants and flowers
Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two
days while they were in Macau
32. DEPARTURE FROM HONG KONG
February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong
oceanic - an American steamer, his
destination was Japan
he did not like the meals on board, but he
liked the ship because it was clean and
efficiently managed
his cabin mate was a British Protestant
missionary who had lives in china for 27
years. Rizal called "a good man"
34. POEMS OF JOSÉ RIZAL
Sa Aking mga Kabata (written by Rizal at the age of 8, dealing with the theme of love for one’s
language)
To the Virgin Mary
Education Gives Luster to the Motherland
To Josephine
To the Philippines Youth
Song of Maria Clara
A Poem that has No Title
Kundiman
Hymn to Labor
Memories of my Town
Our Mother Tongue
To the Philippines
Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Goodbye – last poem written by Rizal)
35. “Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun
caressed,
Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost,
With gladness I give you my Life, sad and
repressed;
And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at
its best,
I would still give it to you for your welfare at
most.” – from Mi Ultimo Adios by José Rizal
36. JOSE RIZAL: PERSECUTION AND EXILE IN
DAPITAN
Jose Rizal's arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892
had become very sensational among the
Filipinos
July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in
the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila
July 31, 1896, Dapitan became the bare witness
to one of the most fruitful periods in Rizal's life
His skill was put into test in August 1893 when
his mother, Doña Teodora Alonzo, was placed
under ophthalmic surgery for the third time