Rizal arrived in Madrid in 1890 seeking justice for his family and tenants in the Philippines but failed. He worked with Filipino groups in Madrid and challenged Spanish officials and scholars who insulted Filipinos, including a duel with Retana. However, Rizal's partner Leonor married another, and divisions grew between Rizal and Del Pilar's supporters. Rizal was elected leader but stepped aside to avoid conflict, leaving Madrid for good.

2. • August 1890 Rizal arrived in Madrid.
• He tried all legal means to seek justice
for his family and the Calamba tenants,
but failed.
• Leonor Rivera married a British
Englishman, which made his burden
even worse.

3. • Upon arrival in Madrid Rizal sought the help
of the Filipino colony, the Asociacion
Hispano – Filipina and the liberal Spanish
newspapers
• M.H del Pilar acted as his lawyer together
with Dr. Dominador Gomez (secretary of the
Asociacion Hispano – Filipina), He calleds on
the minister of colonies (senior Fabie) to
protest the injustices committed by the Gov.
Gen. and the Dominicans.

4. • Nothing came out of the interview.
• More terrible news reached Rizal: he received
ejectment order from his brother-in-law
Silvestre Hidalgo, against Francisco Rizal and
other Calamba tenats: from Saturnina he
learned the deportation of of Paciano and other
friends and relatives in Mindoro: Their parents
were forcibly ejected fro their home.

5. • He had the urge to see Queen regent Maria
Christina but failed because of no influence
and power.

6. • After a short time, Rizal learned that his
Friend and co workerin the propaganda
movement, Jose Maria Panganiban,
died in Barcelona due to illness.
• He mourned the passing of this Bicol
hero and made a eulogy for him.

7. • During the social reunion of the Filipinos in
Madrid Antonio Luna become drunk.
• Because of Luna’s alcohol-befogged mind he
started uttering unsavory remarks about
Nelly Boustead, whom he had a frustrated
romance with.
• Rizal heard him and became angry because
of his slanderous remarks and challenge
Luna to a duel.

8. • Luna chose to have sword fight,
something that Rizal isn’t good with as
he is a maste of pistol shot.
• The Filipinos were shocked but
fortunately Luna realized that he made
a fool out of himself and apologize to
Rizal.

9. • Retana, a talented Spanish scholar was then
a press agent of the friars in Spain.
• He used to attack the Filipinos including
Rizal.
• He wrote an article in La Epoca. Asserting
that the family and friends of Rizal have not
paid their rents so they were ejected from
their lands.
• The insult stirred Rizal to action and
challenged Retana for a duel.

10. • Retana at once published a retraction and an
apology in the newspapers.
• He had no chance to what so ever to Rizal on
the field of honor for Rizal is superior in both
pistol in sword.
• The incident made Retana developed a great
admiration for Rizal.
• Years afterwards he wrote the first book
length biography of the greatest Filipino
hero.

11. • One night in the autumn of 1890, Rizal and
some friends attended the play at theater
Apollo and lost his gold watch chain with a
locket containing the picture of Leonor
Rivera.
• The lost of the locket proved to be a bad
omen.
• Early in December 1890, Rizal received a
letter from Leonor announcing her coming
marriage to an Englishman.

12. • He was stunned and his heart broke.
• Weeks passed before Rizal confided to
his friend Blumentritt.
• Blumentritt consoled him by sending
comforting letters stating that Leonor
is not a woman to Rizal and that he is
in loved with a nobler woman the
motherland

13. • Rizal was then the undisputed leader of the Filipino
in Europe; on the other hand del Pilar the fearless
lawyer journalist was gaining prestige in Madrid for
his La Solidaridad.
• He purchased the periodical from Pablo Rianzales
and replaced Graciano Lopez Jaena as its editor.
• Rizal tried to in abuse his compatriots and his own
idealism for he believed that to win the respect of the
Spanish people, they must posses high standards of
morality, dignity and spirit of sacrifice.

14. • His idealism was not shared by frivolous
countrymen, who love wine, women and
cards.
• Some of his former admirers turned against
him because they resented his inference in
their private lives.
• They become supporters of del Pilar.
• To avert the breakup between Rizal and M.H
del Pilar, the Filipinos in Madrid met on
January 1, 1891 to patch up their differences.

15. • It was decided in this meeting that a leader called
Responsible, be chosen to direct the affairs of the
Filipino community and to determine the editorial
policy of La Solidaridad.
• Del Pilar opposed on the ground that it was a private
enterprise. However he was willing to publish
articles that would express the aspirations of
Filipino people.
• The proposition to place La Solidaridad under the
control of the responsible was abandoned.
• It was agreed that the Responsible was elected by
2/3 notes of the Filipino community.

16. • During the elections the Filipinos were divided into
two camps, the Rizalistas and Pilaristas.
• Having obtained 2/3 of the votes Rizal became the
Responsible.
• Rizal graciously declined the position.
• He knew that some of his compatriots who
supported del Pilar despise or dislike him.
• He preferred to abdicate his leadership rather than
be the cause of disunity and bitterness among his
countrymen.

17. • Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his
compatriots for electing him as
Responsible.
• He packed up his bags, paid his bills
and boarded a train leaving for Biarritz.
• It was the last time he saw Madrid.