This presentation was given at the October 2012 Annual Conference of the Association of Community College Trustees. The presentation discusses ways to monitor and improve an institution of higher education’s student loan cohort default rate.
Nevada's education system consistently ranks at or near the bottom for quality and results. Now Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons is proposing a cut of 22% from the state budget, including education.
Here is an analysis of what impact these kinds of drastic cuts could happen.
This document outlines action items schools can take to lower their cohort default rates. It recommends filing challenges and appeals, analyzing defaulter data to find patterns, reviewing enrollment reporting processes, synchronizing retention and default prevention plans, committing to financial education, creating or revising student success plans, and considering outsourcing borrower communication to USA Funds. The document provides context on why cohort default rates matter and consequences of high rates, and gives examples from Iowa community colleges of insights gained from analyzing defaulter data.
Credit ratings are assessments of creditworthiness or ability to repay loans, conducted by credit rating agencies. The top three agencies in the US are Moody's, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch Ratings, while in India they are CRISIL, CIBIL, and Fitch Ratings India. Credit ratings benefit investors by indicating risk, companies by lowering borrowing costs, and intermediaries by simplifying investment decisions. CRISIL analyzes factors like capital adequacy, asset quality, management capability, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to determine long-term credit ratings ranging from highest safety (AAA) to default (D).
This document discusses various types of risks faced by banks, including credit risk, market risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, and reputation risk. It provides definitions of different risk types such as credit risk, concentration risk, and interest rate risk. The document also covers topics like the importance of credit risk management, factors to consider in credit risk analysis, and modern approaches to assessing and managing credit risk in the banking industry.
Credit Risk Management in Banks: Hard Information, Soft Information and Manip...Christophe J. Godlewski
The document discusses credit risk management in banks and the role of different types of information. It aims to investigate how the type of information influences banks' risk-taking behavior. Specifically, it examines the distinction between hard and soft information, where hard information is quantitative and verifiable while soft information is qualitative and open to interpretation. The literature review covers the nature, collection methods, and implications of each type of information for lending practices and organizational structure. Empirical evidence suggests soft information improves the predictive power of default models. The discussion considers how banks' organizational structure should adapt to address the potential manipulation of soft information.
Nevada's education system consistently ranks at or near the bottom for quality and results. Now Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons is proposing a cut of 22% from the state budget, including education.
Here is an analysis of what impact these kinds of drastic cuts could happen.
This document outlines action items schools can take to lower their cohort default rates. It recommends filing challenges and appeals, analyzing defaulter data to find patterns, reviewing enrollment reporting processes, synchronizing retention and default prevention plans, committing to financial education, creating or revising student success plans, and considering outsourcing borrower communication to USA Funds. The document provides context on why cohort default rates matter and consequences of high rates, and gives examples from Iowa community colleges of insights gained from analyzing defaulter data.
Credit ratings are assessments of creditworthiness or ability to repay loans, conducted by credit rating agencies. The top three agencies in the US are Moody's, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch Ratings, while in India they are CRISIL, CIBIL, and Fitch Ratings India. Credit ratings benefit investors by indicating risk, companies by lowering borrowing costs, and intermediaries by simplifying investment decisions. CRISIL analyzes factors like capital adequacy, asset quality, management capability, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to determine long-term credit ratings ranging from highest safety (AAA) to default (D).
This document discusses various types of risks faced by banks, including credit risk, market risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, and reputation risk. It provides definitions of different risk types such as credit risk, concentration risk, and interest rate risk. The document also covers topics like the importance of credit risk management, factors to consider in credit risk analysis, and modern approaches to assessing and managing credit risk in the banking industry.
Credit Risk Management in Banks: Hard Information, Soft Information and Manip...Christophe J. Godlewski
The document discusses credit risk management in banks and the role of different types of information. It aims to investigate how the type of information influences banks' risk-taking behavior. Specifically, it examines the distinction between hard and soft information, where hard information is quantitative and verifiable while soft information is qualitative and open to interpretation. The literature review covers the nature, collection methods, and implications of each type of information for lending practices and organizational structure. Empirical evidence suggests soft information improves the predictive power of default models. The discussion considers how banks' organizational structure should adapt to address the potential manipulation of soft information.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in credit risk management, including:
1) Credit risk arises from factors like a borrower's ability to repay, economic conditions, specific events, and regional factors. It is the risk of financial loss if a counterparty fails to meet contractual obligations.
2) Banks assess probability of default, exposure at default, and loss given default to measure credit risk. Transition matrices track how probabilities of default change over time.
3) Credit risk arises in a bank's banking book from loans and in its trading book from exchange traded and over-the-counter derivatives. Credit ratings and spreads between corporate bond yields and risk-free rates provide information on default probabilities.
This document outlines the key components of an effective loan policy for credit risk management. It discusses the importance of having a written loan policy that establishes credit standards, procedures for managing delinquent loans, and target customer profiles. The policy should set prudential limits on loan concentrations, define appropriate collateral and credit rating standards, and provide guidelines for different business segments. Regular reviews and updates are needed to ensure the policy stays dynamic and aligned with regulatory requirements and market conditions. The overall goal is for the loan policy to balance risk and returns while guiding responsible credit expansion.
QlikView provides a concise 3 sentence summary:
QlikView is a business intelligence tool that loads data into memory, allowing for real-time associative search across multiple data sources. It bypasses traditional BI challenges by using one tool from one vendor that is end-user driven and allows changes to be made in minutes. Gartner recognized QlikView as a leader in its 2011 Magic Quadrant for its ease of use and ability to put data discovery and analysis into the hands of business users.
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the bank's credit risk strategy and policies. They should approve a credit risk strategy that defines the bank's risk appetite. Senior management is then responsible for implementing this strategy through establishing a sound credit granting and administration process. This includes setting credit policies, limits, and criteria and monitoring loans. An effective credit risk management system involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling credit risk, and includes internal risk ratings, management reporting, and independent credit reviews.
A slide deck from GBRW covering the key principles of problem loan management, based on GBRW's extensive experience with Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management, restructuring and work-out assignments.
The document discusses the key factors a bank considers when appraising a term loan application from a new manufacturing unit. The bank evaluates the economic viability of the project, management capabilities, technical aspects, and cash flow projections. It examines the creditworthiness, repayment ability, management skills, willingness to repay, and risk factors. The bank ensures the project is economically justified and can survive implementation, gestation, and operational stages. It also reviews DSCR and free cash flow ratios to check the loan repayment capacity. The interest rate is set based on the degree of risk and probability of default.
This presentation provides complete study ofcredit risk management,how it was performed in yester years ,how it is taken care nowadays and what is the road ahead in future
This document provides an overview of credit ratings and rating agencies in India. It discusses the four main types of investors, the role of rating agencies in providing guidance to investors with money, and defines what a credit rating is. It also summarizes the key factors considered in credit ratings like management quality, earnings prospects, financial strength, and risk. Rating agencies ensure dependability through independence and collective judgment. The document provides examples of rating scales and factors considered for bank ratings and equity assessments.
The document discusses trends in credit risk management due to commoditization of credit risk. It identifies key drivers changing the traditional view of credit from illiquid to liquid and tradeable. This will require reengineering credit functions from static to dynamic credit risk management. Banks may shift focus from holding risk to originating and distributing risk through various models like securitization. The implications are operational changes to credit processes and strategic changes to business focus.
This document provides an overview and copyright information for the book "Risk Management in Banking" by Joel Bessis. It discusses the rationale for risk-based practices in banking, including the need for quantified risk measures to balance risk and return from a management perspective and comply with increasingly stringent regulations. It also notes that while quantitative models provide a foundation for risk modeling, bridging the gap between concepts and practical risk management tools and processes for banks remained a challenge. The document contains basic publication details such as the publisher, copyright, and cataloguing information.
This document describes the features and functionality of an LMS loan management software for microfinance institutions. It includes modules for security/authentication, administration, customers, and finance. The customer module allows for customer registration and includes subforms for personal details, guarantors, bank details, existing loans, employment, references, and documents. The finance module handles loan applications, investigation, approval, receipts, reports, payments, charges, and edits.
Safeguard your lending program by learning about the 8 steps of credit risk management. Learn about nonfinancial risks, structuring the loan, and more.
Credit ratings are evaluations of a debtor's ability to pay back debt, conducted by credit rating agencies. They use both public and private qualitative and quantitative information to assess risk of default. Credit ratings indicate the likelihood that bond obligations will be paid back and are used by investors to determine risk-return tradeoffs. Higher credit ratings indicate lower risk while lower ratings suggest higher risk of default. The document outlines the meaning and purpose of credit ratings, benefits to investors and companies, types of ratings, major credit rating agencies, and their methodology.
Credit ratings are opinions on the likelihood that a borrower will repay their debt. They are issued by independent rating agencies and help investors assess risk. The document discusses the history and role of credit ratings in India, provided by agencies such as CRISIL, the largest domestic rating agency. It outlines CRISIL's ratings scales and process for long-term and short-term instruments, corporate issuers, real estate projects, and developers.
This document discusses credit ratings and the credit rating agencies in India. It provides information on:
- What credit ratings are and how they estimate creditworthiness
- The four major credit rating agencies in India: CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, and FITCH India
- The regulation of credit rating agencies by SEBI and the requirements for registration
The document summarizes various techniques for mitigating risks in cross-border sales, including letters of credit, guarantees, documentary collections, and credit insurance. It discusses the differences between confirmed, unconfirmed, silent confirmation, and standby letters of credit. It also covers guarantees, sight drafts in documentary collections, and credit insurance as risk mitigation techniques.
The document discusses sustainable income in retirement. It provides the following key points:
1) Most retirees in South Africa rely on living annuities for retirement income, with the average investment size being R560,000 and average income rate of 7%. Over 50% of annuitants under 70 draw an income above 7.5%.
2) There are potentially far-reaching policy proposals to reform the post-retirement income market to make it more sustainable. Key proposals include increased automation, increased longevity protection for retirees, and reforming living annuities.
3) The proposals aim to introduce a default retirement income product, auto-enroll retirees into it, limit investment choices to reduce fees
This document discusses how community colleges can engage more students by using data to demonstrate career outcomes and return on investment. It notes that many students are hesitant to enroll because they do not see how college leads to careers or do not feel it is worth the cost. However, data shows that associate's degree holders earn on average $10,700 more annually than high school graduates over their lifetime. The document recommends that colleges clearly show students the connection between programs and employment as well as the financial return of attending to help close the information gap many students face.
SB 71 - Results Based Financing for Early Childhood Educationemilynicoline
The document proposes a results-based financing model to expand access to high-quality early childhood education programs for at-risk students in Utah. It notes the academic achievement gaps and high costs of supporting at-risk students. The proposal would establish a board to facilitate financing contracts between private investors, education providers, and software companies to expand proven pre-K programs. Repayments to investors would be based on sustained cost avoidance and reduced achievement gaps through 3rd grade. Expanding access to effective early education programs could yield cost savings of $36-72 million over 5 years through lower special education needs.
This document provides information about higher education in the United States and Tennessee, with a focus on TICUA institutions. It states that there are over 8,200 accredited higher education institutions in the US, including 4,634 degree-granting institutions, with a total enrollment of over 21 million students. In Tennessee, there are public and private institutions, including 34 TICUA institution main campuses enrolling 25% of Tennessee students. TICUA institutions award 33% of degrees in the state and enroll over 43,000 Tennessee residents, with transfer students from community colleges increasing in recent years.
1. Student loan default rates are increasing due to weak economic factors disproportionately impacting younger people, high unemployment rates expected to remain around 8%, rising tuition fees of approximately 5% annually, and changes in student demographics with more attending for-profit schools which have much higher default rates.
2. Factors contributing to rising defaults include adverse macroeconomic conditions, changing student behaviors with more walking away from obligations, and demographic shifts toward older students and those attending for-profit institutions.
3. Default managers need new models that can predict at-risk borrowers to proactively offer tailored loss mitigation and maintain loan performance.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in credit risk management, including:
1) Credit risk arises from factors like a borrower's ability to repay, economic conditions, specific events, and regional factors. It is the risk of financial loss if a counterparty fails to meet contractual obligations.
2) Banks assess probability of default, exposure at default, and loss given default to measure credit risk. Transition matrices track how probabilities of default change over time.
3) Credit risk arises in a bank's banking book from loans and in its trading book from exchange traded and over-the-counter derivatives. Credit ratings and spreads between corporate bond yields and risk-free rates provide information on default probabilities.
This document outlines the key components of an effective loan policy for credit risk management. It discusses the importance of having a written loan policy that establishes credit standards, procedures for managing delinquent loans, and target customer profiles. The policy should set prudential limits on loan concentrations, define appropriate collateral and credit rating standards, and provide guidelines for different business segments. Regular reviews and updates are needed to ensure the policy stays dynamic and aligned with regulatory requirements and market conditions. The overall goal is for the loan policy to balance risk and returns while guiding responsible credit expansion.
QlikView provides a concise 3 sentence summary:
QlikView is a business intelligence tool that loads data into memory, allowing for real-time associative search across multiple data sources. It bypasses traditional BI challenges by using one tool from one vendor that is end-user driven and allows changes to be made in minutes. Gartner recognized QlikView as a leader in its 2011 Magic Quadrant for its ease of use and ability to put data discovery and analysis into the hands of business users.
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the bank's credit risk strategy and policies. They should approve a credit risk strategy that defines the bank's risk appetite. Senior management is then responsible for implementing this strategy through establishing a sound credit granting and administration process. This includes setting credit policies, limits, and criteria and monitoring loans. An effective credit risk management system involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling credit risk, and includes internal risk ratings, management reporting, and independent credit reviews.
A slide deck from GBRW covering the key principles of problem loan management, based on GBRW's extensive experience with Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management, restructuring and work-out assignments.
The document discusses the key factors a bank considers when appraising a term loan application from a new manufacturing unit. The bank evaluates the economic viability of the project, management capabilities, technical aspects, and cash flow projections. It examines the creditworthiness, repayment ability, management skills, willingness to repay, and risk factors. The bank ensures the project is economically justified and can survive implementation, gestation, and operational stages. It also reviews DSCR and free cash flow ratios to check the loan repayment capacity. The interest rate is set based on the degree of risk and probability of default.
This presentation provides complete study ofcredit risk management,how it was performed in yester years ,how it is taken care nowadays and what is the road ahead in future
This document provides an overview of credit ratings and rating agencies in India. It discusses the four main types of investors, the role of rating agencies in providing guidance to investors with money, and defines what a credit rating is. It also summarizes the key factors considered in credit ratings like management quality, earnings prospects, financial strength, and risk. Rating agencies ensure dependability through independence and collective judgment. The document provides examples of rating scales and factors considered for bank ratings and equity assessments.
The document discusses trends in credit risk management due to commoditization of credit risk. It identifies key drivers changing the traditional view of credit from illiquid to liquid and tradeable. This will require reengineering credit functions from static to dynamic credit risk management. Banks may shift focus from holding risk to originating and distributing risk through various models like securitization. The implications are operational changes to credit processes and strategic changes to business focus.
This document provides an overview and copyright information for the book "Risk Management in Banking" by Joel Bessis. It discusses the rationale for risk-based practices in banking, including the need for quantified risk measures to balance risk and return from a management perspective and comply with increasingly stringent regulations. It also notes that while quantitative models provide a foundation for risk modeling, bridging the gap between concepts and practical risk management tools and processes for banks remained a challenge. The document contains basic publication details such as the publisher, copyright, and cataloguing information.
This document describes the features and functionality of an LMS loan management software for microfinance institutions. It includes modules for security/authentication, administration, customers, and finance. The customer module allows for customer registration and includes subforms for personal details, guarantors, bank details, existing loans, employment, references, and documents. The finance module handles loan applications, investigation, approval, receipts, reports, payments, charges, and edits.
Safeguard your lending program by learning about the 8 steps of credit risk management. Learn about nonfinancial risks, structuring the loan, and more.
Credit ratings are evaluations of a debtor's ability to pay back debt, conducted by credit rating agencies. They use both public and private qualitative and quantitative information to assess risk of default. Credit ratings indicate the likelihood that bond obligations will be paid back and are used by investors to determine risk-return tradeoffs. Higher credit ratings indicate lower risk while lower ratings suggest higher risk of default. The document outlines the meaning and purpose of credit ratings, benefits to investors and companies, types of ratings, major credit rating agencies, and their methodology.
Credit ratings are opinions on the likelihood that a borrower will repay their debt. They are issued by independent rating agencies and help investors assess risk. The document discusses the history and role of credit ratings in India, provided by agencies such as CRISIL, the largest domestic rating agency. It outlines CRISIL's ratings scales and process for long-term and short-term instruments, corporate issuers, real estate projects, and developers.
This document discusses credit ratings and the credit rating agencies in India. It provides information on:
- What credit ratings are and how they estimate creditworthiness
- The four major credit rating agencies in India: CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, and FITCH India
- The regulation of credit rating agencies by SEBI and the requirements for registration
The document summarizes various techniques for mitigating risks in cross-border sales, including letters of credit, guarantees, documentary collections, and credit insurance. It discusses the differences between confirmed, unconfirmed, silent confirmation, and standby letters of credit. It also covers guarantees, sight drafts in documentary collections, and credit insurance as risk mitigation techniques.
The document discusses sustainable income in retirement. It provides the following key points:
1) Most retirees in South Africa rely on living annuities for retirement income, with the average investment size being R560,000 and average income rate of 7%. Over 50% of annuitants under 70 draw an income above 7.5%.
2) There are potentially far-reaching policy proposals to reform the post-retirement income market to make it more sustainable. Key proposals include increased automation, increased longevity protection for retirees, and reforming living annuities.
3) The proposals aim to introduce a default retirement income product, auto-enroll retirees into it, limit investment choices to reduce fees
This document discusses how community colleges can engage more students by using data to demonstrate career outcomes and return on investment. It notes that many students are hesitant to enroll because they do not see how college leads to careers or do not feel it is worth the cost. However, data shows that associate's degree holders earn on average $10,700 more annually than high school graduates over their lifetime. The document recommends that colleges clearly show students the connection between programs and employment as well as the financial return of attending to help close the information gap many students face.
SB 71 - Results Based Financing for Early Childhood Educationemilynicoline
The document proposes a results-based financing model to expand access to high-quality early childhood education programs for at-risk students in Utah. It notes the academic achievement gaps and high costs of supporting at-risk students. The proposal would establish a board to facilitate financing contracts between private investors, education providers, and software companies to expand proven pre-K programs. Repayments to investors would be based on sustained cost avoidance and reduced achievement gaps through 3rd grade. Expanding access to effective early education programs could yield cost savings of $36-72 million over 5 years through lower special education needs.
This document provides information about higher education in the United States and Tennessee, with a focus on TICUA institutions. It states that there are over 8,200 accredited higher education institutions in the US, including 4,634 degree-granting institutions, with a total enrollment of over 21 million students. In Tennessee, there are public and private institutions, including 34 TICUA institution main campuses enrolling 25% of Tennessee students. TICUA institutions award 33% of degrees in the state and enroll over 43,000 Tennessee residents, with transfer students from community colleges increasing in recent years.
1. Student loan default rates are increasing due to weak economic factors disproportionately impacting younger people, high unemployment rates expected to remain around 8%, rising tuition fees of approximately 5% annually, and changes in student demographics with more attending for-profit schools which have much higher default rates.
2. Factors contributing to rising defaults include adverse macroeconomic conditions, changing student behaviors with more walking away from obligations, and demographic shifts toward older students and those attending for-profit institutions.
3. Default managers need new models that can predict at-risk borrowers to proactively offer tailored loss mitigation and maintain loan performance.
1. Student loan default rates are increasing due to weak economic factors disproportionately impacting young people, high unemployment rates expected to remain around 8%, rising tuition fees of approximately 5% annually, and changes in student demographics with more attending for-profit schools which have much higher default rates.
2. Factors contributing to rising defaults include adverse macroeconomic conditions, changing student behaviors with more walking away from obligations, and rising costs of education pushing student loan debt above $1 trillion.
3. Default managers need new models that can predict at-risk borrowers to proactively offer tailored loss mitigation and maintain loan performance.
How To Take The Stress Out Of Planning and Paying for College7704
- The document discusses the impact of rising college costs and student debt on students and graduates, noting that total student loan borrowing has more than doubled in the past decade and many students take longer than 4 years to graduate, increasing their debt.
- It provides strategies for students to minimize debt, including applying only to affordable colleges, taking AP classes, attending community college for two years before transferring, seeking scholarships, and working while in school.
- The key message is that planning early and making informed choices about colleges and majors can help students avoid heavy debt and "borrowing from their future."
The document discusses default prevention and lowering cohort default rates (CDRs). It defines default, explains how CDRs are calculated and tracked, and outlines changes to how default rates will be measured going forward. The rest of the document provides an agenda for implementing a default prevention plan, including activities schools can do before, during, and after enrollment to help lower their CDRs and maintain federal financial aid eligibility.
Governor Brown's Performance Targets for UC & CSUCalCompetes
The document outlines Governor Brown's performance targets for the UC and CSU systems between 2011-2012 and 2016-2017. The targets include increasing the number of bachelor's degree recipients, graduates from low-income backgrounds, and transfers from community colleges by 10%. Graduation rates for freshmen within 4 years and transfers within 2 years should also increase by 10%. The number of transfers from California community colleges and degrees awarded per 100 enrolled undergraduates should each improve by 10% by 2016-2017 compared to 2011-2012 levels. Meeting these targets would help address California's projected shortage of 2.3 million degree holders by 2025.
As the COVID 19 outbreak has evolved, we conducted a survey with education operators and investors to get their perspective on online learning, the challenges they are facing and their outlook for the
academic year 2020 21.
The document discusses loan and disbursement behavior in retirement plans managed by T. Rowe Price. It finds that the percentage of participants with loans has dropped to its lowest level since 2009, education is proving effective in reducing loans and hardship withdrawals, and the majority of terminated participants are choosing to roll over their savings into other retirement accounts rather than cashing out.
The document discusses infrastructure financing in India, outlining constraints such as inadequate long-term funds and shallow capital markets. It analyzes the current treasury management strategy of borrowing short-term while lending long-term, noting issues caused by an inverted yield curve. Projections are made to scale back infrastructure lending growth to 25% in the first year and 30% in the second year. Revisions to the sources of funds and future borrowing strategies involving debt issues, ECBs, and equity issues are proposed.
This document summarizes retention reports for the 2010 and 2011 freshman cohorts at Dillard University. It finds that the predictors of retention vary in their effects over the course of the first year. For both cohorts, unmet financial need was the strongest predictor of retention from the first to second semester, while GPA was a better predictor of retention from the first year to the second year. ACT score consistently predicted retention at all stages. Repeated measurements provide more detailed information about how predictors influence retention at different points in time.
Analysis of enrollment trends in Massachusetts public colleges and universities, comparing the early estimates of fall 2012 enrollment with historic data. Presented to the Massachusetts Board of Higher Education on October 16, 2012.
Freshman Retention: Impact of Financial ConcernsSukhwant Jhaj
Dear Colleagues,
We would like to invite you to a presentation and discussion of findings related to our continued research into retention and student success.
Over the past four years, University Studies has conducted research aimed at understanding retention and academic success of freshmen enrolled in Freshman Inquiry (FRINQ). We will present current findings related to fall-to-fall retention with a focus on the connection between financial concern and retention. Also included are narratives of student experiences that contextualize our findings.
We hope you will be able to attend our presentation, share your feedback, and join us in talking about how to provide support to Freshman at PSU.
We will be offering this presentation twice:
· 12/7/2011, Wednesday, 10:00 a.m., SMSU 296
· 12/9/2011, Friday, 1:00 p.m., CH 101
Rowanna Carpenter and Sukhwant Jhaj
For all of us in the for-profit education sector, change and uncertainty has become the status quo. Regulatory changes and deteriorating macro-economics are impacting everything from how schools recruit students to the type of programs they will be able to offer.
Recently, LeadsCouncil and CUnet conducted a survey among marketing professionals in higher education to measure and understand the full impact of these issues.
This presentation provides a review and analysis of the results from the 2011 Higher Education Marketing Survey, including:
• How budgets are being affected, and how the money is being allocated;
• How cost per enrollment is changing, and what schools plan to do about it;
• Concerns and priorities for school marketers for 2011;
• How the survey numbers compare to what we're seeing in the market as we approach the end of Q2.
We all know that Student Housing can be a source of revenue for College and University campuses. If the beds are all filled, and the daily costs are managed in an effective way, there is potential to invest in non-operating opportunities. This webinar explored the different ways institutions are allocating their net revenues within Student Housing. We reviewed 2 different housing operations and explored how they performed to their targets and what resources they have to further their programs.
This presentation is part of the programme of the International Seminar "Social Protection, Entrepreneurship and Labour Market Activation: Evidence for Better Policies", organized by the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG/UNDP) together with Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Colombian Think Tank Fedesarrollo held on September 10-11 at the Ipea Auditorium in Brasilia.
Similar to Risk Management and Student Loan Default acct 10 11 12 (20)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
2. Cohort Default Rate
What is a Cohort Default Rate (CDR)?
• A “cohort” is a group of Stafford Loan borrowers who
entered repayment within a given federal fiscal year (FY).
• A Cohort Default Rate (CDR) is the percentage of those
borrowers in a school’s cohort who defaulted within a
specified period of time
− 2-Year CDR: by the end of the next fiscal year
− 3-Year CDR: within the next two fiscal years
3. Changes to the Cohort Default Rate
2-Year Cohort Default Rate Formula FY 2011
10/1/2010 to 9/30/2012
10/1/2010 to 9/30/2011
Loss of eligibility threshold occurs with CDR over 25% for three previous years
10/1/10 9/30/11 9/30/12 9/30/13
New 3-Year Cohort Default Rate Formula FY 2011
10/1/2010 to 9/30/2013
10/1/2010 to 9/30/2011
Loss of eligibility threshold occurs with CDR over 30% for three previous years
4. Cohort Default Rate Date Range
Borrowers Enter Borrowers in Repayment CDR Used
Fiscal Official CDR
Repayment Who Default for School
Year Published
(Denominator) (Numerator) Sanctions
2-Year: 10/1/2008 - 9/30/2010 2-Year: Sept. 2011
2009 10/1/2008 - 9/30/2009 2-Year rate (25%)
3-Year: 10/1/2008 - 9/30/2011 3-Year: Sept. 2012
2-Year: 10/1/2009 - 9/30/2011 2-Year: Sept. 2012
2010 10/1/2009 - 9/30/2010 2-Year rate (25%)
3-Year: 10/1/2009 - 9/30/2012 3-Year: Sept. 2013
2-Year: 10/1/2010 - 9/30/2012 2-Year: Sept. 2013 2-Year rate (25%)
2011 10/1/2010 - 9/30/2011
3-Year: 10/1/2010 - 9/30/2013 3-Year: Sept. 2014 3-Year rate (30%)
2012 10/1/2011 - 9/30/2012 3-Year: 10/1/2011 - 9/30/2014 3-Year: Sept. 2015 3-Year rate (30%)
2013 10/1/2012 - 9/30/2013 3-Year: 10/1/2012 - 9/30/2015 3-Year: Sept. 2016 3-Year rate (30%)
Note: Students entering repayment today will be part of your official 2013 CDR which will not be
released until September 2016.
5. 3-Year CDR - published 2012
School with a single-year CDR of 30% or greater must:
• Establish a default prevention task force
• Develop a default prevention/reduction plan with measurable
objectives for lowering the CDR
• Submit the default reduction plan directly to DOE
School with two consecutive years of CDRs of 30% or greater must;
• Revise the default reduction plan
• Implement additional measures to prevent and reduce defaults
• May be subject to provisional certification
6. Corrective Action and Sanctions
3 consecutive years with official
CDRs of 30% or greater
The US DOE recently
School would lose eligibility to stated that schools
participate in: can expect CDRs to
increase by over 80%
under the new 3-Year
• Pell Grant calculation.
• Federal Direct Loans
7. Corrective Action and Sanctions
1%
1%
2%
3% Public, 4-year
5%
Private, Less-than-2-year
For the 2009
7%
Public, Less-than-2-year
3-Year CDR
41% Private, 2-year
calculation, 218
schools 13%
For-Profit, 4-year
exceeded the Private, 4-year
30% threshold Public, 2-year
For-Profit, 2-year
27% For-Profit, Less-than-2-year
Source : Rachel Fishman, Higher Ed Watch, “Shape Up or Lose Out: The 218 Institutions that Must
Develop Default Prevention Plans”, 2012.
8. Risk Management
Why is it important?
• For schools
− May result in provisional certification or loss of federal aid
eligibility
− Negative publicity for schools
− Additional resources needed to reverse
− No quick fix
• For your former students
− Damaged credit
− No federal/state aid eligibility
− Collection and court costs, wage garnishment, etc.
9. Default Rate History
After Dip, Loan-Default Rates Climb to Highest Rate Since 1997
Source : U.S. Department of Education
10. Public Institution Comparison
Comparison of FY 2010 Official National 2-Year Rates to Prior Three Years
16% School Classification
14% Less than 2 years
12%
2 - 3 years
10%
8% All schools -
national average
6%
4%
2%
0%
2007 2008 2009 2010
Source : U.S. Department of Education
11. Delinquency Rates for Community
Colleges
Timely repayment
24% 24% Deferment/forbearance not delinquent
Delinquent but not defaulted
Default
16%
36%
*Does not include borrowers with consolidation loans.
Source: “Delinquency: The Untold Story of Student Loan Borrowing”, March 2011. Report by the Institute for
Higher Education Policy.
12. Student Loan Risk Management
Why now?
• Economic slump
• Split servicing and PUT loans
• Graduate underemployment
• Transition to 3-Year Cohort Default Rate (CDR)
13. At-Risk Borrowers
Average Loan Repayment Rates
College Type < 10% Pell Grant Recipients > 66% Pell Grant Recipients
Public 4 year 68.4% 12.7%
Public 2 year 43.9% 21.0%
Private 4 year 68.6% 29.0%
Proprietary 53.3% 25.9%
Total 66.3% 26.3%
Source : Mark Kantrowitz, Student Aid Policy Analysis, “The Impact of Loan Repayment Rates on Pell
Grant Recipients”, 2010.
14. The Biggest Risk Factor
Students who do not graduate
– 62% of borrowers who default did not complete their
program of study!
– Risk factors affecting persistence and attainment
• Delayed enrollment
• Part-time enrollment
• Working full-time while enrolled
• Single parent status
15. Other Risk Factors
Parent educational attainment
Default is less likely if at least one
parent has a Bachelor’s degree
Larger household size
Students from larger households may
be at higher risk of default
16. Financial Attitudes & Behaviors Across
the States
Source : EverFi, ButtonwoodTM study, 2011.
17. Challenges to Keeping CDR Low
• Community colleges are open access
• At-risk students are more likely to attend community
colleges
• Retention and graduation rates are critical
• Strained staffing resources
• At one time, default rates were considered a “Financial
Aid” issue by administration
• Borrowers who become delinquent are no longer your
students
18. Action Plan Options
1) Change enrollment policies?
Source : Jennifer Cohen Kabaker, Ed Money Watch, “3-Year Student Loan Cohort Default Rates Reveal Concerning
Graduation Rate Trend”, 2012.
19. Action Plan Options
% Change in FTE
2) Eliminate Community College
Enrollment
student loan School A -2.4%
program School B -5.4%
School C -4.6%
participation? School D -4.8%
School E* -13.3%
School F -7.1%
School G -0.2%
School H -3.5%
School I -5.1%
School J -6.2%
School K* -8.1%
School L -7.6%
School M -4.5%
*Schools who did not offer student loans
20. Action Plan Options
3) Appeal CDR sanctions?
• Grounds for appeals
• Resource waste
• Management time
• Not guaranteed
• Does not help students
21. Action Plan Options
4) Develop default management plan and
devote resources to manage risk?
• Default management task force
• Create plan
• Best practices
22. Tools to Manage Risk
• Financial literacy programs
• Improve retention
• Enhanced institutional control measures
23. Tools to Manage Risk
• Increase financial aid counseling staff
– Calls to former student borrowers/references
– Letters/emails
• Outsource outreach initiatives
– Repayment education and assistance vs. CDR
manipulation
– Re-enrollment counseling/collaboration
24. Contact Information
Dennis Cariello, Chair, Higher Education Sector
DLA Piper LLP
212.335.4816
Dennis.cariello@dlapiper.com
Judith Witherspoon, Senior Vice President
Edfinancial Services
865.342.5200
jwitherspoon@edfinancial.com
Jonathan Looney, Regional Director
Edfinancial Services
706.410.0261
jlooney@edfinancial.com
Do you want to leave this illustration in or just delete this slide?
If a school’s default rate is above 30% for any single that a official calculation is provided a default management plan must be submitted to the Department of Education, beginning with the FY09 3-year rate. “Sanctions” apply when a school loses eligibility after 3 consecutive years above 30% which could not occur until the FY11 rate is released.The default management plan is created and approved at the school level by a school based default management task force. 2011 is the first year a school can have 3 consecutive 3YR CDR rates.