This document outlines a framework for conducting risk assessments that maximize their utility for decision-making. The framework involves 3 phases: 1) Problem formulation to identify the problem, potential risk management options, and necessary assessments; 2) Planning and conducting risk assessments oriented towards evaluating management options; 3) Risk management analysis of options considering health, environmental and other impacts. The goal is for risk assessments to systematically and early on evaluate options to best inform subsequent risk management decisions.
ECDC supports preparedness efforts in three main ways:
1. By identifying and disseminating best practices in preparedness planning through literature reviews, case studies, and tools.
2. By building national preparedness capacities through workshops, training, and supporting the development of specific capabilities.
3. By fostering interoperability between country preparedness plans and promoting multi-sectoral cooperation to address cross-border health threats.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
The document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and how they are used as a policy tool for pollution management. It describes the typical stages of an EIA process, including screening, scoping, assessment and public participation. It notes that while most EIA systems follow generic steps, there are differences between countries in emphasis and approach. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of EIAs, including increased public participation but also potential for over-reliance on EIAs or rent-seeking if not implemented properly. It emphasizes that EIAs work best as part of an overall environmental management system combined with other tools.
The document discusses environmental risk assessment and management. It defines key terms like risk, environmental risk assessment, and risk characterization. It outlines the steps in risk assessment as hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. It also discusses grading of risk from low to high. The steps in risk management are identified as risk assessment, technological feasibility assessment, economic impact analysis, consideration of public concerns and legal requirements, decision making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and review. Risk management aims to prevent adverse effects on human health and ecological systems.
This document provides an overview of quality risk management guidelines from ICH Q9. It discusses risk assessment, which involves defining risks, assessing likelihood and consequences, and providing quantitative or qualitative estimates. Risk control aims to reduce risks to acceptable levels through measures like benefit-cost analysis. Risks should be regularly reviewed as part of quality management. Tools for risk assessment include FMEA, FMECA, HACCP, and risk ranking/filtering. HACCP in particular is useful for identifying and controlling physical, chemical and biological hazards through critical control points.
Toxicological risk assessment of chemicals Biplab Sikdar
This document presents an overview of toxicological risk assessment of chemicals. It discusses the key international and federal bodies involved in chemical risk assessment like WHO, EPA, and OECD. The risk assessment process involves five steps - hazard identification, hazard evaluation/dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Various factors in risk perception and comparative analyses of risk are also reviewed. The goal of risk assessment is to balance risks and benefits of chemicals and set safety limits to protect public health.
Risk Assessment and Environment Managementtabirsir
Comparative risk assessment is used to set environmental management priorities by identifying and evaluating multiple risks. It involves four phases: planning, data collection and analysis to estimate risks, priority setting through risk comparison and debate, and reporting to inform risk management. Health risk assessment is a type of risk assessment that specifically evaluates potential public health impacts through steps like hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Examples provided assessed health risks from air pollution in Bangkok and pesticide exposure through food in Quito, Ecuador.
What is plan and how to make your plan successful? A successful work is a reflection of a disciplined, delicate and strictly maintained plan. These discipline is discussed in above discussion. I know it never can satisfy you, but it is the summery. And I hope it will help you.
ECDC supports preparedness efforts in three main ways:
1. By identifying and disseminating best practices in preparedness planning through literature reviews, case studies, and tools.
2. By building national preparedness capacities through workshops, training, and supporting the development of specific capabilities.
3. By fostering interoperability between country preparedness plans and promoting multi-sectoral cooperation to address cross-border health threats.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
The document discusses environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and how they are used as a policy tool for pollution management. It describes the typical stages of an EIA process, including screening, scoping, assessment and public participation. It notes that while most EIA systems follow generic steps, there are differences between countries in emphasis and approach. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of EIAs, including increased public participation but also potential for over-reliance on EIAs or rent-seeking if not implemented properly. It emphasizes that EIAs work best as part of an overall environmental management system combined with other tools.
The document discusses environmental risk assessment and management. It defines key terms like risk, environmental risk assessment, and risk characterization. It outlines the steps in risk assessment as hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. It also discusses grading of risk from low to high. The steps in risk management are identified as risk assessment, technological feasibility assessment, economic impact analysis, consideration of public concerns and legal requirements, decision making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and review. Risk management aims to prevent adverse effects on human health and ecological systems.
This document provides an overview of quality risk management guidelines from ICH Q9. It discusses risk assessment, which involves defining risks, assessing likelihood and consequences, and providing quantitative or qualitative estimates. Risk control aims to reduce risks to acceptable levels through measures like benefit-cost analysis. Risks should be regularly reviewed as part of quality management. Tools for risk assessment include FMEA, FMECA, HACCP, and risk ranking/filtering. HACCP in particular is useful for identifying and controlling physical, chemical and biological hazards through critical control points.
Toxicological risk assessment of chemicals Biplab Sikdar
This document presents an overview of toxicological risk assessment of chemicals. It discusses the key international and federal bodies involved in chemical risk assessment like WHO, EPA, and OECD. The risk assessment process involves five steps - hazard identification, hazard evaluation/dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Various factors in risk perception and comparative analyses of risk are also reviewed. The goal of risk assessment is to balance risks and benefits of chemicals and set safety limits to protect public health.
Risk Assessment and Environment Managementtabirsir
Comparative risk assessment is used to set environmental management priorities by identifying and evaluating multiple risks. It involves four phases: planning, data collection and analysis to estimate risks, priority setting through risk comparison and debate, and reporting to inform risk management. Health risk assessment is a type of risk assessment that specifically evaluates potential public health impacts through steps like hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Examples provided assessed health risks from air pollution in Bangkok and pesticide exposure through food in Quito, Ecuador.
What is plan and how to make your plan successful? A successful work is a reflection of a disciplined, delicate and strictly maintained plan. These discipline is discussed in above discussion. I know it never can satisfy you, but it is the summery. And I hope it will help you.
The document provides an overview of the steps involved in investigating disease outbreaks. It describes 8 main steps: 1) verifying the diagnosis and confirming the outbreak; 2) defining cases and conducting case finding; 3) tabulating and orienting data by time, place and person; 4) taking immediate control measures; 5) formulating and testing hypotheses; 6) planning and executing additional studies; 7) implementing and evaluating control measures; and 8) communicating findings. The goals of an outbreak investigation are to identify the source of illness and guide public health intervention. Preparedness activities are also important for preventing and controlling future outbreaks.
Contingency action plan in disaster managmentSamraiz Tejani
This document outlines a contingency action plan presented by Numaan Tole, Zoher Jetpurwala, and Samraiz Tejani. It defines contingency planning as developing strategies, arrangements, and procedures to address humanitarian needs during crises. The plan identifies potential natural disasters, manmade disasters, and other risks. It describes key elements of a contingency plan such as response strategy, implementation plan, operational support plan, preparedness plan, and budget. Finally, it discusses contingency planning processes and provides a sample contingency plan for emergency water distribution for refugees.
I gave this talk at a Nigeria Health Summit in March 2016. It was an introduction to impact evaluation: what it is, when it's a good idea, and some possible approaches.
How to Make a Society Responsive to a Disaster..presentationZobaer Ahmed
This document outlines key elements needed to make a society responsive to disasters, including conducting hazard and vulnerability assessments, establishing response mechanisms and strategies, developing preparedness plans, coordinating with other organizations, managing information, creating early warning systems, mobilizing resources, and conducting public education and training exercises. The overall goal is to build a society's capacity to cope with future disasters through analyzing past experiences, risk assessments, and preparedness planning in a continuous cycle of assessing, training, exercising, and reviewing to strengthen disaster responsiveness.
Planning, monitoring & evaluation of health care programarijitkundu88
this presentation is for the basic idea of planning monitoring and evaluation of health care programs. the details steps of planning is covered. i hope it will help all the persons interested in public health and different health programs.
A Systematic Approach to the Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, and Evalua...MEASURE Evaluation
This document outlines a 6-step approach for monitoring and evaluating integrated health services at the national level. The steps include: 1) defining public health problems, 2) identifying primary points of care, 3) defining interventions and service packages, 4) creating a logic model, 5) conducting research and evaluation, and 6) using data for decision making. Strong M&E systems are needed to manage complexity, assess progress, generate information, refine programs, and produce evidence. National strategies should drive integration based on mortality and morbidity data. Standardized care, quality indicators, and interoperable health information systems are important for monitoring integrated services. Lessons learned should be shared globally.
This document provides an evaluation of a health program. It discusses the purpose and types of program evaluation, including formative vs summative and internal vs external evaluations. Key aspects of programs that can be evaluated are outlined, such as accessibility, equity, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. A variety of tools for evaluation are mentioned, including surveys, case studies, and root cause analysis. The document also provides an example of evaluating India's National Program for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke.
The document discusses enterprise risk management (ERM) in healthcare organizations. It begins by explaining how ERM has evolved from a traditional reactive approach focused on patient safety to a comprehensive proactive framework. ERM takes a holistic view of risk across the entire organization, including clinical, operational, financial, strategic, and other risk domains. It aims to maximize both value protection and creation by managing risk and uncertainty in an integrated manner. The document then examines the key steps in implementing an ERM program, such as risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and continuous monitoring. It emphasizes that managing risk requires a cooperative effort across the entire organization.
This document discusses environmental management and environmental management systems. It defines environmental management as managing an organization's activities that impact the environment. An environmental management system is the organizational structure and processes used to implement environmental management. The main goals of an EMS include complying with regulations, improving environmental performance, and reducing costs. An EMS follows a continual cycle of planning, implementing, reviewing and improving environmental actions. It also discusses risk management, environmental impacts, standards like ISO 14001 and EMAS, environmental impact assessments, and their significance.
While this list represents the desirable attributes of indicators most useful for these purposes, it is recognized that few indicators are likely to meet all of these criteria.
Hence, these criteria serve as a benchmark for weighing the potential costs and benefits of selecting one indicator over another.
The document provides guidance on quality risk management as outlined in ICH Q9. It defines key terms related to risk management such as harm, hazard, risk, severity, and quality risk management. It also outlines the basic quality risk management process which includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, reduction, acceptance, communication and review. The process is meant to help assess risks to quality in a systematic way and facilitate risk-based decision making. It emphasizes basing decisions on scientific knowledge and linking risks to potential harm for patients.
Mr. Gite Navnath Khandu presented on quality risk management. The presentation covered:
1) The principles of quality risk management including systematically assessing, controlling, communicating, and reviewing risks to drug quality across the product lifecycle.
2) The quality risk management process which includes steps like risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, and review.
3) Integration of quality risk management into industry and regulatory operations like development, manufacturing, and inspections.
This document discusses quality risk management principles and processes. It defines key terms like risk, quality, and quality risk management. It outlines the general quality risk management process which includes risk assessment, control, communication, and review. Risk assessment involves identifying hazards, analyzing and evaluating risks. Risk control focuses on reducing risks to an acceptable level through actions like risk reduction or risk acceptance. Quality risk management should be integrated into industry and regulatory operations.
Approach of Environmental Management (Projects require EIA or IEE)RevanuruSubramanyam
1) Environmental Management System (EMS)
2) EMS under ISO 14001 standard
3) Main stages of an EMS
4) Potential Benefits Of EMS
5) Prediction of environmental and social impacts
6) Guidance for rating environmental and social risks
7) Assessment of environmental and social impacts
8) Methods for Assessment of environmental and social impacts
9) Environmental and social management plan (ESMP)
10) Terms of reference for an ESIA
11) Technical team for an ESIA
12) Analysis of alternatives
This document summarizes a presentation on ICH Guideline Q9 on quality risk management. The objectives are to understand the concept of quality risk management, risk, and ICH Q9's role in new drug development. It discusses quality risk management as a systematic process to assess, control, communicate and review risks to drug quality across the product lifecycle. ICH Q9 provides principles and tools for quality risk management that can be applied at various stages including development, manufacturing, and distribution. It emphasizes linking quality risk management activities to protecting patient safety.
The document provides information on environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as a process used to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the biophysical, social, and other effects of development proposals. It discusses EIA as a regulatory tool to integrate environmental concerns into economic development. It also outlines the objectives, scope, classification, and principles of EIA according to Indian regulations. The document describes the different types and levels of impacts that can be assessed through EIA, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts. It provides criteria for determining the significance of identified impacts.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA) and its key aspects. EIA is a tool used to identify environmental, social and economic impacts of projects prior to decision-making. It aims to predict impacts early and find ways to reduce adverse impacts. The key stages of an EIA typically involve screening, scoping, assessment, reporting, review and decision-making, and monitoring. Public participation is also an important part of EIA to help integrate objectives and minimize controversy. Principles of best practice in EIA outlined by the International Association for Impact Assessment emphasize that EIA should be rigorous, practical, and participatory.
Hazard risk management is a systematic process that involves establishing the context, identifying risks, analyzing risks, evaluating risks, treating risks, and monitoring and reviewing the process. It aims to contribute to the well-being of communities and the environment. Key steps include defining objectives and stakeholders, identifying hazards and vulnerabilities, analyzing likelihood and consequences of risks, prioritizing risks, developing risk treatment plans, and communicating with stakeholders. The overall goal is to minimize uncertainty from hazardous situations and maximize public safety.
Lecture-5- HE planing Modelas of Health Education(1).pptxGalassaAbdi
The document discusses planning, implementation and evaluation of health promotion programs. It begins by defining planning and outlining the purposes and principles of planning. It then describes the planning steps and different models that can be used for health promotion, focusing on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model includes nine phases - the first five comprise the PRECEDE component involving diagnosis, and the last four comprise the PROCEED component involving implementation and evaluation. The phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model are described in detail in the document.
The document provides an overview of the steps involved in investigating disease outbreaks. It describes 8 main steps: 1) verifying the diagnosis and confirming the outbreak; 2) defining cases and conducting case finding; 3) tabulating and orienting data by time, place and person; 4) taking immediate control measures; 5) formulating and testing hypotheses; 6) planning and executing additional studies; 7) implementing and evaluating control measures; and 8) communicating findings. The goals of an outbreak investigation are to identify the source of illness and guide public health intervention. Preparedness activities are also important for preventing and controlling future outbreaks.
Contingency action plan in disaster managmentSamraiz Tejani
This document outlines a contingency action plan presented by Numaan Tole, Zoher Jetpurwala, and Samraiz Tejani. It defines contingency planning as developing strategies, arrangements, and procedures to address humanitarian needs during crises. The plan identifies potential natural disasters, manmade disasters, and other risks. It describes key elements of a contingency plan such as response strategy, implementation plan, operational support plan, preparedness plan, and budget. Finally, it discusses contingency planning processes and provides a sample contingency plan for emergency water distribution for refugees.
I gave this talk at a Nigeria Health Summit in March 2016. It was an introduction to impact evaluation: what it is, when it's a good idea, and some possible approaches.
How to Make a Society Responsive to a Disaster..presentationZobaer Ahmed
This document outlines key elements needed to make a society responsive to disasters, including conducting hazard and vulnerability assessments, establishing response mechanisms and strategies, developing preparedness plans, coordinating with other organizations, managing information, creating early warning systems, mobilizing resources, and conducting public education and training exercises. The overall goal is to build a society's capacity to cope with future disasters through analyzing past experiences, risk assessments, and preparedness planning in a continuous cycle of assessing, training, exercising, and reviewing to strengthen disaster responsiveness.
Planning, monitoring & evaluation of health care programarijitkundu88
this presentation is for the basic idea of planning monitoring and evaluation of health care programs. the details steps of planning is covered. i hope it will help all the persons interested in public health and different health programs.
A Systematic Approach to the Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, and Evalua...MEASURE Evaluation
This document outlines a 6-step approach for monitoring and evaluating integrated health services at the national level. The steps include: 1) defining public health problems, 2) identifying primary points of care, 3) defining interventions and service packages, 4) creating a logic model, 5) conducting research and evaluation, and 6) using data for decision making. Strong M&E systems are needed to manage complexity, assess progress, generate information, refine programs, and produce evidence. National strategies should drive integration based on mortality and morbidity data. Standardized care, quality indicators, and interoperable health information systems are important for monitoring integrated services. Lessons learned should be shared globally.
This document provides an evaluation of a health program. It discusses the purpose and types of program evaluation, including formative vs summative and internal vs external evaluations. Key aspects of programs that can be evaluated are outlined, such as accessibility, equity, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. A variety of tools for evaluation are mentioned, including surveys, case studies, and root cause analysis. The document also provides an example of evaluating India's National Program for the Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke.
The document discusses enterprise risk management (ERM) in healthcare organizations. It begins by explaining how ERM has evolved from a traditional reactive approach focused on patient safety to a comprehensive proactive framework. ERM takes a holistic view of risk across the entire organization, including clinical, operational, financial, strategic, and other risk domains. It aims to maximize both value protection and creation by managing risk and uncertainty in an integrated manner. The document then examines the key steps in implementing an ERM program, such as risk identification, analysis, evaluation, and continuous monitoring. It emphasizes that managing risk requires a cooperative effort across the entire organization.
This document discusses environmental management and environmental management systems. It defines environmental management as managing an organization's activities that impact the environment. An environmental management system is the organizational structure and processes used to implement environmental management. The main goals of an EMS include complying with regulations, improving environmental performance, and reducing costs. An EMS follows a continual cycle of planning, implementing, reviewing and improving environmental actions. It also discusses risk management, environmental impacts, standards like ISO 14001 and EMAS, environmental impact assessments, and their significance.
While this list represents the desirable attributes of indicators most useful for these purposes, it is recognized that few indicators are likely to meet all of these criteria.
Hence, these criteria serve as a benchmark for weighing the potential costs and benefits of selecting one indicator over another.
The document provides guidance on quality risk management as outlined in ICH Q9. It defines key terms related to risk management such as harm, hazard, risk, severity, and quality risk management. It also outlines the basic quality risk management process which includes risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, reduction, acceptance, communication and review. The process is meant to help assess risks to quality in a systematic way and facilitate risk-based decision making. It emphasizes basing decisions on scientific knowledge and linking risks to potential harm for patients.
Mr. Gite Navnath Khandu presented on quality risk management. The presentation covered:
1) The principles of quality risk management including systematically assessing, controlling, communicating, and reviewing risks to drug quality across the product lifecycle.
2) The quality risk management process which includes steps like risk identification, analysis, evaluation, control, and review.
3) Integration of quality risk management into industry and regulatory operations like development, manufacturing, and inspections.
This document discusses quality risk management principles and processes. It defines key terms like risk, quality, and quality risk management. It outlines the general quality risk management process which includes risk assessment, control, communication, and review. Risk assessment involves identifying hazards, analyzing and evaluating risks. Risk control focuses on reducing risks to an acceptable level through actions like risk reduction or risk acceptance. Quality risk management should be integrated into industry and regulatory operations.
Approach of Environmental Management (Projects require EIA or IEE)RevanuruSubramanyam
1) Environmental Management System (EMS)
2) EMS under ISO 14001 standard
3) Main stages of an EMS
4) Potential Benefits Of EMS
5) Prediction of environmental and social impacts
6) Guidance for rating environmental and social risks
7) Assessment of environmental and social impacts
8) Methods for Assessment of environmental and social impacts
9) Environmental and social management plan (ESMP)
10) Terms of reference for an ESIA
11) Technical team for an ESIA
12) Analysis of alternatives
This document summarizes a presentation on ICH Guideline Q9 on quality risk management. The objectives are to understand the concept of quality risk management, risk, and ICH Q9's role in new drug development. It discusses quality risk management as a systematic process to assess, control, communicate and review risks to drug quality across the product lifecycle. ICH Q9 provides principles and tools for quality risk management that can be applied at various stages including development, manufacturing, and distribution. It emphasizes linking quality risk management activities to protecting patient safety.
The document provides information on environmental impact assessment (EIA). It defines EIA as a process used to identify, predict, evaluate, and mitigate the biophysical, social, and other effects of development proposals. It discusses EIA as a regulatory tool to integrate environmental concerns into economic development. It also outlines the objectives, scope, classification, and principles of EIA according to Indian regulations. The document describes the different types and levels of impacts that can be assessed through EIA, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts. It provides criteria for determining the significance of identified impacts.
The document discusses environmental impact assessment (EIA) and its key aspects. EIA is a tool used to identify environmental, social and economic impacts of projects prior to decision-making. It aims to predict impacts early and find ways to reduce adverse impacts. The key stages of an EIA typically involve screening, scoping, assessment, reporting, review and decision-making, and monitoring. Public participation is also an important part of EIA to help integrate objectives and minimize controversy. Principles of best practice in EIA outlined by the International Association for Impact Assessment emphasize that EIA should be rigorous, practical, and participatory.
Hazard risk management is a systematic process that involves establishing the context, identifying risks, analyzing risks, evaluating risks, treating risks, and monitoring and reviewing the process. It aims to contribute to the well-being of communities and the environment. Key steps include defining objectives and stakeholders, identifying hazards and vulnerabilities, analyzing likelihood and consequences of risks, prioritizing risks, developing risk treatment plans, and communicating with stakeholders. The overall goal is to minimize uncertainty from hazardous situations and maximize public safety.
Lecture-5- HE planing Modelas of Health Education(1).pptxGalassaAbdi
The document discusses planning, implementation and evaluation of health promotion programs. It begins by defining planning and outlining the purposes and principles of planning. It then describes the planning steps and different models that can be used for health promotion, focusing on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model includes nine phases - the first five comprise the PRECEDE component involving diagnosis, and the last four comprise the PROCEED component involving implementation and evaluation. The phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model are described in detail in the document.
The document outlines the principles of environmental impact assessment (EIA) best practices according to the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA). It is divided into two parts. Part 1 describes the purpose and aims of developing EIA principles, which is to provide guidance to IAIA members and others applying EIA processes. It utilized results from previous EIA studies and expertise from IAIA members. Part 2 presents the definition of EIA, its objectives, and basic and operating principles for EIA. The basic principles include transparency, certainty, participation, practicality, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, credibility and accountability. The operating principles provide guidance on applying EIA at various stages such as screening, scoping and reporting.
This document provides an overview of quality risk management (QRM) principles and processes for pharmaceutical companies. It discusses that QRM is a systematic process to assess, control, communicate, and review quality risks. The document then outlines the typical QRM process, which includes initiating a risk assessment, analyzing and evaluating risks, controlling risks, communicating risks, and periodically reviewing risks. It also provides examples of how QRM can be applied across the product lifecycle from development to manufacturing to distribution. The conclusion states that effective QRM can help companies make better decisions and provide regulators assurance that risks are adequately addressed.
Concept to risk management ( In context to Q9)Subhakanta Dhal
This document provides an overview of risk assessment and quality risk management. It begins with definitions of key risk management terminology. It then discusses expectations around risk management from regulatory bodies like ICH and FDA, focusing on linking risk assessment to patient safety across the product lifecycle. The document identifies different types of risks and how to measure them through tools like risk assessment worksheets. It also discusses methods to analyze and improve risk management processes, notably Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Overall, the document presents concepts and approaches for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and controlling risks in healthcare.
The document defines risk analysis as consisting of three main components: risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. It then provides definitions for each component. Risk assessment involves identifying hazards, characterizing hazards, assessing exposure, and characterizing risk. Risk management involves weighing policy options to select appropriate prevention and control measures. Risk communication involves an interactive exchange of risk information between assessors, managers, and interested parties.
Comparison of Science Based Frameworks for Risk-informed Decision Support Dra...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes a study that compared science-based frameworks for risk-informed decision support across life science and engineering disciplines. The study found conceptual differences in how risk is defined and measured, as well as differences in procedural risk frameworks and scientific risk frameworks. A generic framework is proposed that takes a holistic, evidence-based, and long-term sustainability approach to risk assessment and management. Contact information is provided for the authors to request a full report.
Risk analysis for project decision-making
Presented by Keith Gray
Monday 10th October 2016
APM North West branch and Risk SIG conference
Alderley Park, Macclesfield
Microbiological Hazard and Risk Assessment of Fish and Fishery productsAsrafurTalha1
All the microbial hazard and risk assessment of fish and fishery products are described here for the advancement of fish and fishery products to cope up with the advancing and progressing world.
Similar to Risk assessment in health planning ii dr npml (20)
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
1. RISK ASSESSMENT IN PLANNING
Dr Netrika Prasad Maden Limbu
Lecturer
B. Tech (Food), MBBS,MD (community medicine)
School of Public Health
Patan Academy of Health Sciences
1
2. Overview
• Stories
• Background
• Planning
• Improving the utility of Risk Assessment
• Decision making Framework
• A Framework for Risk Based Decision Making
– Phase I: Problem Formulation
– Phase II: Planning and conduct Risk Assessment
– Phase III: Risk Management
• Four concern raised by Framework
• Leadership-Management
• Glossary
2
3. Stories
• Hermit, 88 y; skinny disciple 44y; and 22y old
Mullah nashruddin
?? Where to pour water
• Neurologist couple and Chauffeur
?? Act of God
3
4. Background
• Risk assessment is at a crossroads, and the credibility
of this essential tool is being challenged by
stakeholders who have the potential to gain or lose
from the outcome of an assessment
4
5. Background
• Risk management plan will be ineffective and
incomplete if risk response strategies are not
appropriately developed for mitigating risks.
• Risk response development has not been given due
attention it deserves in the risk management process
when compared to risk identification and assessment
of the project risks (Hillson, 1999 )
5
6. • Identification and assessment of risks alone will not
serve the purpose unless meaningful ways to
mitigate those risks in a structured way is planned in
advance. These effective responses to the risks
should meet a number of criteria according to
Hillson.
• The risk responses should be appropriate, affordable,
actionable, achievable, assessed, agreed and
allocated (Hillson, 1999).
Background
6
7. Planning
• An important element of planning is definition of a
clear set of options for consideration in decision-
making where appropriate whether the design of the
assessment will address the identified problems.
7
8. Improving the Utility of Risk
Assessment
• Risk assessment in EPA is not an end in itself but a
means to develop policies that make the best use of
resources to protect the health of the public and of
ecosystems.
• Concerns raised by a community regarding emissions
from nearby sources are increasingly common, as are
concerns about the safety of various products moving
in international commerce.
• All those problems have in common their origins in the
environment and their potential to threaten human
health or ecosystems.
8
9. Improving the Utility of Risk
Assessment
• Many problems involve not only chemicals but
biologic, radiologic, and physical agents, and their
potential interactions.
• The scope of environmental problems is increasingly
enlarged to include the search for methods of
resource use and product manufacture that are likely
to be more sustainable—a criterion that includes
health and environmental factors but others as well.
9
10. • The Red Book committee was concerned principally
with defining risk assessment and identifying the
steps necessary to complete an assessment.
• For protecting risk assessments from the
inappropriate intrusions of policy-makers and other
stakeholders, and from that concern came
recommendations for the conceptual separation of
assessment and management and for the
development of risk-assessment guidelines.
Improving the Utility of Risk
Assessment
10
11. Decision -Making Framework
This FW is proposed here to provide the guidance that
was missing from the Red Book.
• Its principal purpose, in the context of the present
report, is to ensure that risk assessment is maximally
useful for decision-making.
• The framework is also intended to ensure that the
repeated emphasis on analytic efforts that are
appropriate to decision-making in scope and content.
11
12. • Question immediately focuses attention on the
options for dealing with a potential problem—the
risk-management options.
• The options are often thought of as possible
interventions—actions designed both to provide
adequate public-health and environmental
protection and to satisfy the criterion of well-
supported decision-making.
Decision -Making Framework
12
13. A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk assessment
13
14. • The framework is based on a re-examination of one
of the misinterpretations of the Red Book—that
assessors should be shielded from the specific
decision-making issues that their analyses are
intended to support.
• Instead, it asserts that risk assessment is of little
usefulness, and can even waste resources, if it is not
oriented to help discriminate among risk-
management options that have to be informed by
risk considerations.
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
14
15. • The conduct of risk assessments used to evaluate the
risk-management options are in no way to be
influenced by the preferences of risk managers.
• The committee also recognizes that numerous
previous reports and guidance documents, and EPA
practice in some settings, have anticipated this
framework to some extent.
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
15
16. • For example, Science and Judgment in Risk
Assessment (NRC 1994) emphasized that
– “risk assessment is a tool, not an end in itself,”
and recommended that resources be focused on
obtaining information that
– “helps risk managers to choose the best possible
course of action among the available options.”
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
16
17. • The 1996 National Research Council report
Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a
Democratic Society (NRC 1996) emphasized that “risk
characterization should be a decision driven activity,
to inform choices in solving problems.”
• This report also called for attention to problem
formulation and representation of interested and
affected parties from the earliest stages of the
process.
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
17
drnpml@gmail.com
18. This framework can possibly meet multiple objectives:
1.Systematically identify problems and options that risk
assessors should evaluate at the earliest stages of
decision-making.
2.Expand the range of effects assessed beyond
individual end points to include broader questions of
health status and ecosystem protection. (for eg,
cancer, respiratory problem)
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
18
19. This FW can possibly meet multiple objectives:
3.Create opportunities to integrate regulatory policy
with other decision-making options and strategies
that expand environmental protection (for eg:
economic incentives, public-private partnerships,
energy and other resource efficiencies, public
awareness programs).
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
19
20. This FW can possibly meet multiple objectives:
4 Serve the needs of a greatly expanded number of
decision-makers (for example, government agencies,
private companies, consumers, and various
stakeholder organizations) whose individual and
institutional roles in environmental decision-making
continue to expand.
A framework for risk-based decision-making that maximizes the utility of risk
assessment
20
21. Phase I: Problem Formulation
a. What is the problem to be investigated, and what is its source?
b. What are the possible opportunities for managing risks associated
with the problem? Has a full array of possible options been
considered, including legislative requirements?
c. What types of risk assessments and other technical and cost
assessments are necessary to evaluate existing conditions, and how
do the various risk-management options alter the conditions?
d. What impacts other than health and ecosystem threats will be
considered?
e. How can the assessments be used to support decisions?
f. What is the required timeframe for completion of assessments?
g. What resources are needed to undertake the assessments?
21
22. Phase II: Planning and Conduct of Risk Assessment
Stage I: Planning of Risk Assessment
a. What are the goals of the required risk assessments?
b. What specific risk scenarios (agents, media, and populations,
background exposures ) are to be investigated?
c. What scenarios are associated with existing conditions and with
conditions after application of each of the possible risk-
management options, and how should they be evaluated?
d. What is the required level of risk quantification and
uncertainty/variability analysis?
e. Will life-cycle impacts be considered?
22
23. Phase II: Planning and Conduct of Risk Assessment
Stage I: Planning of Risk Assessment
f. Are there critical data gaps that prevent completion of the
required assessment? If so, what should be done?
g. How are the risk assessments informed by the other technical
analyses of options? How will communication with other
analysts be ensured?
h. What processes should be in place to ensure that the risk
assessments are carried out efficiently and with assurance of
their relevance to the decision-making strategy, including time
requirements?
i. What procedures are in place to ensure that risk assessments
are conducted in accordance with applicable guidelines?
23
24. Phase II: Planning and Conduct of Risk Assessment
Stage II: Risk Assessment
24
25. Phase II: Planning and Conduct of Risk Assessment
Stage III: Confirmation of the Utility of Risk Assessment
• Does the assessment have the attributes called for in
planning?
• Does the assessment provide sufficient information to
discriminate among risk-management options?
• Has the assessment been satisfactorily peer-reviewed, and
have all peer-reviewer comments been explicitly addressed?
25
26. Phase III: Risk Management
Analysis of Risk-Management Options
• What are the relevant health or environmental benefits of
the proposed risk-management options? How are other
decision-making factors (technologies, costs) affected by
the proposed options?
• Is it indicated, with a sufficient degree of certainty given
the preference of risk managers, that any of the options are
preferred to a “no intervention” strategy?
• What criteria are used to assess the relative merits of the
proposed options (for example, does the risk manager
consider population benefits, reductions below a
predefined de miminis level, or equity considerations)?
26
27. Phase III: Risk Management
Risk-Management Decisions
• What is the preferred risk-management decision?
• Is the proposed decision scientifically,
economically, and legally justified?
• How will it be implemented?
• How will it be communicated?
• Is it necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the
decision? How should this be done?
27
28. Four concerns raised by the Framework
• The framework has many desirable attributes that can allow
risk assessment to be maximally informative for decision-
making
28
29. Concern 1
• There are many contexts in which EPA is constrained to a
narrow set of options by the structure of regulations or in
which it is unclear at the outset whether a problem is of
sufficient magnitude to require an intervention or whether a
potential intervention exists, so the framework may waste
effort in producing needless evaluations
• the framework is intended to keep one eye continually on problems and
one on interventions. The committee believes that the current use of risk
assessment has disproportionately emphasized dissecting risks rather than
implementing possible interventions.
29
30. Concern 2
• The framework may exacerbate the problem of “paralysis by
analysis,” both because the analytic burdens will increase with
the need to evaluate numerous options and because risk
assessments may show that uncertainties are too great to
permit discrimination among various options.
• if the uncertainties are too large for discrimination among options on a
risk basis, it would imply simply that other considerations are central in
the risk-management decisions or that further research is required.
30
31. Concern 3
The framework will not lead to better decisions and
public-health protection, because the process does not
provide for equal footing for competing interest groups.
• there would continue to be asymmetries in the ability of different
stakeholders to get options “on the table,” given issues of political power
and imbalance in available information.
• As a component of the development and implementation of the
framework, EPA should propose guidelines for the options-development
step of Phase I, focusing explicitly on stakeholder participation and formal
processes for transparent selection of risk-management options to study.
31
32. Concern 4
• The framework breaks down the firewall between risk
assessment and risk management, creating a potential for
manipulation.
• Ensuring the integrity of evaluations along the continuum of the risk-
assessment–risk-management discussion fundamentally rests on
maintaining an effective system of governance in EPA and other
organizations applying risk assessment. The governance process should
have
• Clarity and accountability
• Transparency
• Documentation of the process
• Oversight and periodic review
32
33. • The Framework for Risk-Based Decision-Making is designed to
improve risk assessment by enhancing the value of risk
assessment to policy-makers, expanding stakeholder
participation, and more fully informing the public, Congress,
and the courts about the basis of Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) decisions.
• Because the development of the framework has agency wide
application, it is critical for the EPA top-leadership to
participate in the development and implementation of the
framework.
33
34. Leadership-management
• In this context, leadership attention to several management
objectives will be critical:
1. Developing explicit policies that commit EPA to implementing an
options-informed process for risk assessment and risk
management.
2. Funding to implement these policies, including budgets adequate
for preparing guidance and other documents, for training to
prepare EPA personnel to undertake implementation activities, and
for developing an expanded knowledge base and institutional
capacity for more timely results.
• 3. Adopting a common set of evaluation factors—applicable to all
programs—for assessing the outcomes of policy decisions and the
efficacy of the framework.
34
35. Risk response
Avoid, Transfer, Mitigate and Acceptance
• Acceptance
– This technique indicates that the project team has decided
not to change the project plan to deal with a risk or is
unable to identify any other suitable response strategy.
– Active acceptance may include developing a contingency
plan to execute, should a risk occur (PMBOK, 2000)
35
39. • Committed leadership would pursue opportunities
for partnerships and cooperative relationships with
stakeholder organizations to expand the universe of
options for problem-solving beyond traditional
regulation
39
40. Design good Risk assessment
• Good design involves bringing risk managers, risk
assessors, and various stakeholders together early in
the process to determine the major factors to be
considered, the decision-making context, and the
timeline and depth needed and to ensure that the
right questions are being asked in the context of the
assessment.
40
41. Uncertainty and Variability
• Addressing uncertainty and variability is critical for
the risk-assessment process.
• Uncertainty stems from lack of knowledge, so it can
be characterized and managed but not eliminated.
Uncertainty can be reduced by the use of more or
better data.
• Inconsistencies in the treatment of uncertainty
among components of a risk assessment can make
the communication of overall uncertainty difficult
and sometimes misleading. 41
42. • Uncertainty and Variability
• Variability is an inherent characteristic of a
population, inasmuch as people vary substantially in
their exposures and their susceptibility to potentially
harmful effects of the exposures. Variability cannot
be reduced, but it can be better characterized with
improved information. There have been substantial
differences among EPA’s approaches to and
guidance for addressing uncertainty in exposure and
dose-response assessment.
42
43. Glossary:
Key words used in the Framework for Risk-Based Decision-Making
• PROBLEM: Any environmental condition (a method of product
manufacture, residence near a manufacturing facility,
exposure to a consumer product, occupational exposure to a
pesticide, exposure of fish to manufacturing effluents, a
transboundary or global environmental challenge, and so on)
that is suspected to pose a threat to human or ecosystem
health. It is assumed that early screening-level risk
assessments may sometimes be used to identify problems or
to eliminate concerns.
43
44. Key Definitions Used in the Framework for
Risk-Based Decision-Making
• RISK-MANAGEMENT OPTION: Any intervention (a change of
manufacturing process, imposition of an environmental
standard, the development of warnings, use of economic
incentives, voluntary initiatives, and so on) that may alter the
environmental condition, reduce the suspected threat, and
perhaps provide ancillary benefits. Any given problem may
have several possible risk-management options. In most
cases, “no intervention” will be one of the options.
44
45. Key Definitions Used in the Framework for
Risk-Based Decision-Making
• LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS: A formal process for evaluating and
managing problems associated with each stage of a product’s
manufacture, distribution, uses, and disposal. It includes
problems as defined above and can include evaluations of
such issues as resource use and sustainability.
• POPULATION: Any group of general or occupational
populations or populations of nonhuman organisms.
• AGENT: Any chemical (including pharmaceuticals and
nutrients), biologic, radiologic, or other physical entity.
45
46. • MEDIA: Air, water, food, soils, or substances having direct
contact with the body.
• RISK SCENARIO: A combination of agents, media, and
populations in which risks to human or ecosystem health can
arise.
• BENEFITS: The changes (positive or negative) in health and
environmental attributes that are associated with an
intervention. Typically, a risk assessment will estimate the
number of cases of disease, injury, or death associated with a
problem—which is equivalent to the benefits of eliminating
the problem.
Key Definitions Used in the Framework for
Risk-Based Decision-Making
46
47. • STAKEHOLDER: Any individual or organization that may be
affected by the identified problem (defined above).
Stakeholders may include community groups, environmental
organizations, academics, industry, consumers, and
government agencies
Key Definitions Used in the Framework for
Risk-Based Decision-Making
47
To be clear, the framework maintains the conceptual distinction between risk assessment and risk management articulated in the Red Book, and it remains intent on not allowing the manipulation of risk-assessment calculations to support predetermined policy choices.
To be clear, the framework maintains the conceptual distinction between risk assessment and risk management articulated in the Red Book, and it remains intent on not allowing the manipulation of risk-assessment calculations to support predetermined policy choices.
AVOID : If the threat associated with an opportunity is too high relative to the potential reward, it may be appropriate
to drop the idea.
TRANSFER . shift risk to third parties include buying insurance; using financial instruments
MITIGATE: To increase the chances of achieving objectives,