This document summarizes information about rhinos. It describes the 5 species of rhino, their habitats in Africa and Asia, physical characteristics like thick skin and one or two horns, and solitary behavioral patterns with territorial aggression. Diet is described as herbivorous with grazing on grass and leaves. Breeding involves long gestation, and males mature later than females. Threats include poaching for horns and infectious diseases like tuberculosis. The document provides scientific classifications and compares male and female physical attributes. Restraining techniques and tools are also outlined.

1. RHINO
Prepared by
Forhad Hasan Munna
ID:1501151

2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Superfamily: Rhinocerotoidea
Family: Rhinocerotidae
Genus: Ceratotherium
Species: Ceratotherium simum

3. SPECIES OF RHINO
White rhino Black rhino Indian rhino
Javan rhino Sumatran rhino

4. INHABITED
1. White rhino:South
africa,Namibia,Zimbabwe,Kenya,Uganda
2. Black
rhino:Tanzania,Zambia,zimbabwe,Namibia
3. Indian rhino:India,Pakistan,Nepal,china
4. Javan rhino:Nepal,India,Malaysia,Sumatra
5. Sumatran rhino:High altitude of Borneo and
Sumatra

5. CHARACTERISTICS
• Thick skin layer
• Legs are smaller than the body
• Eyes are small
• Single or double horn
• Black,white and sumatran rhinos have two
horns
• Indian and javan rhins have single horn

6. BEHAVIOUR
• Generally solitary animal
• Prefer to live an independent life
• White rhinos are more social
• Black rhinos are more aggressive
• Males are more aggressive than female
• Secure their territory
• Marked their territory by spraying urine

7. EATING HABIT
• Herbivorous animal
• Mainly eat leafy material
• Due to hindgut fermentation can eat more fibrous plant
• Eat green grass,vegetables,fruits etc

8. REPRODUCTION
• Male become adult about 10-12 years
• Female become adult 6-7 years
• They are polygamous and polyandrous
• Mating occur at any time of the year
• Gestation period 16-18 months

9. MALE VS FEMALE
MALE FEMALE
Males are larger than
female,average body weight is
2150 kg
Female are smaller than
male,average body weight is
1500 kg
Length:average 3.8m(from
nose to the base of its tail)
Length: average 3.5m(from
nose to its tail)
Height:average 1.8m(from the
ground to the shoulder)
Height:average 1.7m(from the
ground to the shoulder)

10. RESTRAINING
Physical method
Cage restraints: Chute should be narrow enough to reduce side to side
movement. Wide enough to allow the animal to lie down
Chemical method
Cyclohexamines:Ketamine,Tiletamine
Neuroleptics:Diazepam,Acepromazine,Xylazine
Opioids:Etrophine
Dose:Etrophine hydrocloride 1-2.5ml

11. Rifle with gunpowder
CO2 powered pistol
Pole syringe
Darts box
RESTRAINING TOOLS

12. DANGER POTENTIAL
• Mainly killed by human for their horn
• During drinking easily killed
• East Asia specially Vietnam is the largest black market of
Rhino’s horn
• IUCN red list identifies the black,javan and sumatran rhinos
are critically endangered

13. DISEASES
1.Infectious diseases
Bacterial diseases
I. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis)
II. Clostridial diseases (clostridium sordelli)
III. Leptospirosis
Viral diseases
I. Encephalomyocarditis (Encephalomyocarditis virus)
Protozoal diseases
I. Theileriasis
Fungal diseases
I. Fungal pneumonia(Aspergillus spp)

14. 2.Non-infectious diseases
I. Gastrointestinal impaction
II. Hemolytic anemia
III. Idiopathic haemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome(IHVS)
IV. Tissue accumulation of iron
V. Mouth and nasal bleeding polyps