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Rhetoric (& Penguins)
Nathan Loynes
Rhetoric is an ‘appeal’
Logos
Ethos
Pathos
Logos
Logos may be affected by logical
fallacies
Slippery Slope

Argument is made
through momentum;
like falling down a
slippery slope:
“and then…? and
then…? and then…?
There! I told you so!”
How did he get to here?!?
How did he get here?!?

? ?
Hasty Generalisation

?
?
“I am the
Cause!”

“He was
asleep
anyway!”

Post hoc ergo prompter hoc (sequence equals causality)
Genetic Fallacy
What did you expect?
He is from Belgium
Begging the claim
Circular

Argument
Either/or
“It’s black
Or white”

“What
about the
grey,
man?”
Ad hominem: attack on the person
(penguin) i.e. insults
Ad Populum. Popular association
appeal
Red Herring (what’s WITH these
penguins…?)
Conclusion
• Rhetoric is employed through a range of
stylistic techniques.
• Logical fallacies occur either accidentally, or
purposively.
• Unspotted logical fallacies can convince us of
an invalid argument, or distract us from the
issue at hand.
[Source: Weida & Stolley, 2013]

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Rhetoric (& penguins)