Revised URECA Poster
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This document describes cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, a new technique being developed by the authors' research group. It uses high-finesse optical cavities and ytterbium fiber laser frequency combs to allow for high sensitivity absorption spectroscopy. The experiment will analyze dynamics of visible chromophores in the gas phase and later observe vibrational dynamics of hydrogen-bonded clusters. Having high finesse cavities improves both pump and probe combs by a factor of around the finesse over pi, improving the spectrometer signal by the finesse over pi squared, making the technique around 100,000 times more sensitive than traditional ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Raman spectroscopy uses laser light to study vibrational and rotational modes in molecules. When light interacts with molecules, the light may be scattered at different wavelengths than the incident laser, providing information about the molecule's structure and bonds. Raman spectroscopy has advantages over infrared spectroscopy in that it can be used to study samples in liquid or solid form, including aqueous solutions. It finds applications in elucidating molecular structure, biological analysis, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of materials.
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This document provides an overview of Raman spectroscopy. It begins by defining spectroscopy as the study of how atoms and molecules interact with light. It then describes Raman scattering, which was discovered by C.V. Raman in 1928 and involves a change in frequency of scattered light that depends on the chemical structure of molecules. The rest of the document discusses key aspects of Raman spectroscopy such as Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering, the relationship between Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and applications of Raman spectroscopy such as molecular identification and quantification.
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I hope this presentation helpful for you.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
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Resonance Raman spectroscopy is a technique that enhances Raman scattering intensity when the laser excitation frequency matches an electronic transition of the compound being examined. This resonance effect can greatly increase the intensity of Raman bands, facilitating the study of compounds present at low concentrations. The intensity is directly proportional to the energy difference between the laser and electronic transition. The theory of resonance Raman is complex as the normal polarizability theory fails under resonance conditions. It allows selective study of specific parts of molecules and is useful for problems in biology and complexes materials.
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This document summarizes an experiment that demonstrated optical control of light transmission through a Fabry-Perot cavity containing rubidium vapor. A probe laser tuned to the rubidium D2 transition frequency was coupled into the cavity. When a second, control laser beam intersected the cavity mode and was tuned to a different rubidium transition frequency, it could either suppress or enhance the transmission of the probe laser through the cavity, depending on the transition frequencies used. This provided a way to switch the cavity transmission on and off optically. Both steady-state and transient responses were investigated experimentally and qualitatively explained by the coupling of atomic states induced by the probe and control beams.
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This document discusses different types of computed tomography (CT) scanning technologies, including multi-slice CT (MSCT), dual-energy CT (DECT), and various configurations for DECT scanning using single- or dual-xray sources. It provides details on the technical aspects and principles of each technology, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Common clinical applications of DECT are also listed and include characterization of renal calculi, cysts, and masses as well as evaluation of hepatic and pulmonary conditions.
LSS - Defense - 12-1-2014
The document summarizes a presentation on augmenting the velocity of supersonic molecular beams using a rotating source. Key points:
- A rotating nozzle source can increase the lab frame velocity of supersonic molecular beams, producing slower, colder beams for applications like precision spectroscopy and studies of cold molecular chemistry.
- Experimental results show the rotating source effectively shifts beam time-of-flight spectra and enhances beam density through centrifugal forces. Beam properties depend on parameters like gas type, source pressure and rotation speed.
- Improvements to the rotating source design aim to allow slowing of lighter molecules and higher operational frequencies. Future work may include secondary detection methods and dynamic rotor balancing for greater stability.
Ultracenrifugation by kanchana sivabalan
Ultracentrifuges spin liquid samples at extremely high speeds, up to 150,000 rpm, creating over 1 million times Earth's gravity. This strong centrifugal force causes denser materials to rapidly travel to the bottom of tubes. Ultracentrifuges are used to separate molecules and particles based on size and density. Common experiments include sedimentation velocity to analyze particle shape/size and sedimentation equilibrium to measure molecular weights. Ultracentrifuges find applications in biochemistry, such as isolating organelles, proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses.
fr2.t03.5.2-micron IPDA Presentation at IGARSS-2011-Final-Revised-1.pptx
This document describes the development of a high repetition rate, solid-state 2-micron pulsed laser for measuring carbon dioxide from airborne and space-based platforms. Key achievements include developing a double-pulsed, high energy 2-micron laser transmitter meeting requirements for profiling and column CO2 measurements. Ground tests demonstrated precision within 0.7% for column measurements. The laser design and performance meet requirements for direct detection pulsed integrated path differential absorption lidar for potential space-based carbon dioxide monitoring missions.
UV SPECTROSCOPY ppt.pptx
This document provides an overview of UV-Visible spectroscopy. It discusses the basic principles including electromagnetic radiation, spectroscopy, absorption of UV-Visible light, and Beer-Lambert's law. It describes the instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy including light sources, wavelength selectors, sample compartments, detectors and basic components. It also discusses electronic transitions, shifts in absorption, and applications of UV-Visible spectroscopy in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
UV SPECTROSCOPY ppt.pptx
UV - Visible Spectroscopy detailed information is included .The Spectroscopy study provide the information and the absorbance as well the concentration of the drugs is studied.
IAS Report Final
This document describes two experiments conducted on plasma systems under varying magnetic fields. The first experiment observes the hysteresis curve in a plasma as the vertical and toroidal magnetic fields are changed. Data on voltage variations is recorded and analyzed for skewness, kurtosis, and Hurst exponent, showing hysteresis. The second experiment investigates intensity variations of argon plasma across Langmuir probes under different magnetic field configurations using a bar magnet. Video data shows localized ionization intensity decreases as the magnet is moved further from the cathode. Graphs of intensity over time for each magnet position demonstrate this effect and the chaotic nature of the intensity fluctuations.
Instruments of NMR
1. contents - NMR SPECTROMETER
INTRUMENTATION OF NMR
COMPONENTS OF NMR SPECTROMETER
REFERENCES
2. NMR Spectrometer is an instrument which is used to obtain NMR Spectra.
A high resolution spectrometer contains a complex collection of electronic equipments.
NMR spectrometers are referred to as 300 MHz instruments (or) 500 MHz instruments, depending upon the frequency of the RF radiation used for resonance.
These spectrometers use very powerful magnets to create a small but measurable energy difference between two possible spin states.
3. COMPONENTS OF NMR SPECTROMETER
Magnet
Field Lock
Shim Coils
Probe Unit
- Sample Holder
- RF Oscillator
- Sweep Generator
- RF Receiver
Detector
Read out Device
4. magnets ;-
The heart of both continuous-wave and Fourier form NMR instruments is the magnet.
Magnets produces the magnetic field, which determines the frequency of any nucleus.
Sensitivity and resolution are critically dependent on quality of magnet.
It should give homogenous magnetic field, i.e. the strength of the magnetic field should not change from point to point.
The magnet must be capable of producing a very strong magnetic field with strength at least 10,000 gauss
5. Types of Magnets
Permanent Magnet:
Permanent magnets with field strengths of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.1 T are mostly used.
Permanent magnets are highly temperature-sensitive and require extensive thermostating and shielding as a consequence.
It is inexpensive and simple to operate.
They are operated up to 30 – 60 MHz
They provide field of good homogeneity.
Disadvantage:- Field variation is not possible, as required, because different nuclei resonate at different magnetic field.
6. Electro Magnets:
They require power supply to produce magnetic field
Cooling system is required to counter the heat generated from the electric power.
They are more effective than the permanent magnet because of possibility of field variation
They are operated up to 60 - 90 MHz
7. 3. Super conducting magnet:
A super conducting magnet has an electromagnet made up of superconducting wire.
These magnets attain fields large as 21 T.
Superconducting wire has a resistance approximately equal to zero by immersing it in liquid helium (at 0° c).
Superconducting magnet systems be filled with liquid nitrogen every 10 days
The length of superconducting wire in the magnet is typically several miles.
They are operated up to 470 MHz
8. field lock
In order to produce a high resolution NMR spectrum of a sample there is need of homogeneous magnetic field.
The field strength might vary due to aging of the magnet, movement of metal object near the magnet, and temperature fluctuations.
9. shim coils
Shim coils are pairs of wire loops.
By using these coils Current is adjusted until the magnetic field has required homogeneity.
Magnetic field produced by the Shim coils cancels the small residual inhomogeneities in the magnetic field.
Dario Scotto - Detecting and Imaging Magneto-Optically Trapped Rubidium-85 Io...
The document describes a proposed design for trapping and imaging rubidium-85 ions using near-field scanning optical microscopy techniques. The design involves using three orthogonal laser beams to form an optical molasses trap for cooling rubidium ions. This trap will be assisted by an anti-Helmholtz coil pair to create a magneto-optical trap. Tapered optical fibers etched with hydrofluoric acid will be used as probes in near-field scanning optical microscopy to detect and image the trapped ions with high resolution. Fluorescence detection of the trapped ions will aim to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio using lock-in amplification.
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fr2.t03.5.2-micron IPDA Presentation at IGARSS-2011-Final-Revised-1.pptx
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Revised URECA Poster
- 1. Cavity-Enhanced Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Kevin Keleher, Yuning Chen, Melanie Roberts Reber, Thomas K. Allison Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University Introduction Our group is to develop the new technique of cavity-enhanced ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to observe ultrafast dynamics of molecules. This technique uses high-finesse optical cavities and Ytterbium fiber laser frequency combs to allow for high sensitivity in the absorption spectroscopy. In this experiment we will analyze the dynamics of visible chromophores in the gas phase, and later on observe the vibrational dynamics of hydrogen-bonded clusters. Ytterbium Fiber Laser Design Yb Oscillator Output The laser can be mode locked in several dispersion regimes by manipulating the distance between the gratings. Mode locking in the anomalous regime, where shorter wavelengths have a faster group velocity, allows for a wider spectrum. Spectrometer Probe Cavity Supersonic Expansion System Setup Yb Oscillator Stable YAG To fo stabilization electronics Fiber Stretcher AOM OPO Pump Cavity Vacuum Chamber Tunable PDH CavityLock Delay Stage Doubling Crystal Doubling Crystal Beam Splitter Grating Compressor Nonlinear polarization evolution is used to mode lock the laser passively (no external signal required). Actual Laser Autocorrelator An intensity autocorrelator is used to determine the pulse duration of the laser system’s output. A time delay τ is given to one of the split beams. A second harmonic signal, S(τ), is produced in a BBO crystal. Mathematically, S(τ) is the autocorrelation of the incident pulse. 𝑆 = 𝐼 𝑡 𝐼 𝑡 − 𝜏 𝑑𝑡 WDM Pump Laser Yb-doped Fiber λ/4 λ/4 λ/2 Gratings Polarizing Beam-Splitter To Amplifier HI-1060 Fiber Piezo Output Power: 60 mW (average) Pump Power: 150 mW Repetition Rate of 60 MHz Frequency combs in CE spectroscopy inT Time difference between pulses can be adjusted to allow for constructive interference in the cavity. Frequency comb teeth line up with the resonate modes of the cavity. Dispersion changes the optical cavity modes, shifting them out of alignment with the comb’s teeth, because of this the dispersion limits the attainable optical bandwidth in the cavity. Vacuum Chamber The chamber has a 4 foot by 2 foot design, and will have a background pressure of 100 mtorr. Due to the large external forces acting on the chamber, the aluminum chamber is supported by perpendicular struts on both top and bottom of the chamber. The throughput of the system will be as much as 23 TorrL/s and can be calculated by using the following equation. 𝑄 = 𝑆 𝑒𝑓𝑓 × 𝑃𝐶 Where Q = throughput, 𝑃𝐶 = chamber pressure, 𝑆 𝑒𝑓𝑓 = pumping speed Vacuum pumps currently used are an Edwards EH-1200 roots blower and a Edwards E2M80 roughing pump. Testing the newly set up pumps resulted in pressures about 10 mTorr. Funding Lab Photos Increased Sensitivity in Experiment Having high finesse optical cavities (F ≈ 1000), both pump comb and probe comb are improved by a factor of ~ 𝐹 𝜋 , and improving the signal received by the spectrometer by ( 𝐹 𝜋 )2 . This makes this method approximately 105 times more sensitive than traditional ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Actual Chamber Normal Dispersion Anomalous Dispersion Comb Amplifier Amplifier The Ytterbium doped fiber of the amplifier increases the signal’s power through stimulated emission of the doping agent. More than 15 W output can be obtained for 30 W of pump power. We use chirped pulse amplification, with ~ 100 ps pulses, to avoid nonlinear effects in the amplifier fiber. A pulse compressor, consisting of two diffraction gratings and a retroreflector, reduce the pulse duration follow the amplifier. Symbolic Representation