The number of automobiles on the road will only increase due to the ever increasing population development in urban areas across the world and manufacturers ongoing manufacturing of all types of vehicles. This inevitably causes additional traffic congestion, which is exacerbated during rush hour and especially in big urban areas. Urban planners, local officials, and academics are continuously under pressure from this phenomenon to find methods to make traffic management systems safer and more cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to solve this ongoing issue, leading to some major advancements like specific lanes for emergency vehicles in metropolitan areas. Even with these lanes, it is sometimes challenging to meet the appropriate goal timeframes for emergency vehicles to arrive at their locations. Intelligent Transportation System is a fresh approach that aims to solve this problem ITS . By fusing present infrastructure with existing technologies, this approach can aid in problem solving. In this paper, three alternative traffic management techniques RFID, Internet of Things, and Traffic Light Systems TLS , which can be static or dynamic IoT . In the latter approach, traffic data are swiftly gathered and delivered to Big Data for analysis, while mobile applications, also known as User Interface UI , are used to evaluate traffic density in various places and offer alternate traffic relief suggestions. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Review: Smart Traffic Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/50595/review-smart-traffic-management-system/bharti-kumari
IRJET- IoT based Traffic Congestion Monitoring and Management SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed IOT-based traffic congestion monitoring and management system that uses RFID technology. The system aims to provide clear paths (green waves) for emergency vehicles by turning traffic lights green on their route. It can also track stolen vehicles when they pass through traffic lights. The system uses RFID tags on vehicles to identify vehicle type and detect stolen vehicles. Sensors monitor traffic levels and an IOT unit communicates with a control unit to adjust traffic light patterns in real-time based on vehicle density. This is intended to reduce congestion and response times for emergency vehicles. The proposed system is evaluated as being economically effective for traffic management.
The document discusses a proposed smart traffic management system using cloud technology. It outlines the introduction, research gap, problem statement, objectives of the study, proposed methodology, data flow diagram, hardware and software to be used, and references. The system aims to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion using IoT sensors, cloud-based data collection and analysis, and coordinated traffic management between agencies.
Adaptive Traffic Control System : The Smart and Imperative Traffic Monitoring...KajalDubey13
This document discusses adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) which are intelligent systems that continuously detect traffic volumes and dynamically adjust signal timings in real-time to reduce delays and queues. ATCS collect data using sensors like cameras and RFID, analyze traffic patterns, and select optimal signal timing plans. The goal is to minimize wait times at intersections and avoid collisions by allowing traffic to flow progressively through coordinated green lights along routes.
SMART SOLUTION FOR RESOLVING HEAVY TRAFFIC USING IOTIRJET Journal
The document proposes a smart solution using IoT technology to reduce heavy traffic jams. The system uses camera sensors to detect traffic density and transmits this data to a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi processes the images to determine traffic density and displays this information on an LCD screen. The system is also connected to the cloud to store and analyze traffic data. The results show the system can accurately detect traffic density and provide real-time updates to help reduce congestion.
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
A REVIEW ON IOT IN TRANSPORTATION SECTORNancy Ideker
This document provides a review of how Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be applied in the transportation sector. It discusses the opportunities that IoT presents to address complex issues in transportation systems. The key aspects covered include:
1. The architecture of an IoT system for transportation, which consists of 5 layers - application, sensing, communication, service, and infrastructure layers.
2. Examples of IoT applications in transportation like logistics, toll payment systems, vehicle tracking, supply chain management, and smart vehicle technologies.
3. The benefits of implementing IoT in transportation include optimized routes, demand-based services, improved public safety, and reduced fuel costs through efficiency.
IRJET- Image Processing based Intelligent Traffic Control and Monitoring ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on an intelligent traffic control and monitoring system using image processing and the Internet of Things. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by controlling traffic lights based on real-time traffic density detected through image processing of vehicle images. It consists of hardware and software modules. The hardware uses cameras to capture vehicle images and the software uses image processing techniques like object detection and classification to detect and count vehicles in real-time and estimate traffic density. This information is then used to dynamically adjust traffic light timings with the goal of optimizing traffic flow and reducing waiting times at signals. The system is meant to provide a more efficient solution to traffic management than conventional fixed-time traffic light control systems.
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEMijcsit
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
IRJET- IoT based Traffic Congestion Monitoring and Management SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed IOT-based traffic congestion monitoring and management system that uses RFID technology. The system aims to provide clear paths (green waves) for emergency vehicles by turning traffic lights green on their route. It can also track stolen vehicles when they pass through traffic lights. The system uses RFID tags on vehicles to identify vehicle type and detect stolen vehicles. Sensors monitor traffic levels and an IOT unit communicates with a control unit to adjust traffic light patterns in real-time based on vehicle density. This is intended to reduce congestion and response times for emergency vehicles. The proposed system is evaluated as being economically effective for traffic management.
The document discusses a proposed smart traffic management system using cloud technology. It outlines the introduction, research gap, problem statement, objectives of the study, proposed methodology, data flow diagram, hardware and software to be used, and references. The system aims to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion using IoT sensors, cloud-based data collection and analysis, and coordinated traffic management between agencies.
Adaptive Traffic Control System : The Smart and Imperative Traffic Monitoring...KajalDubey13
This document discusses adaptive traffic control systems (ATCS) which are intelligent systems that continuously detect traffic volumes and dynamically adjust signal timings in real-time to reduce delays and queues. ATCS collect data using sensors like cameras and RFID, analyze traffic patterns, and select optimal signal timing plans. The goal is to minimize wait times at intersections and avoid collisions by allowing traffic to flow progressively through coordinated green lights along routes.
SMART SOLUTION FOR RESOLVING HEAVY TRAFFIC USING IOTIRJET Journal
The document proposes a smart solution using IoT technology to reduce heavy traffic jams. The system uses camera sensors to detect traffic density and transmits this data to a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi processes the images to determine traffic density and displays this information on an LCD screen. The system is also connected to the cloud to store and analyze traffic data. The results show the system can accurately detect traffic density and provide real-time updates to help reduce congestion.
Techniques for Smart Traffic Control: An In-depth ReviewEditor IJCATR
Inadequate space and funds for the construction of new roads and the steady increase in number of vehicles has prompted
scholars to investigate other solutions to traffic congestion. One area gaining interest is the use of smart traffic control systems (STCS)
to make traffic routing decisions. These systems use real time data and try to mimic human reasoning thus prove promising in vehicle
traffic control and management. This paper is a review on the motivations behind the emergence of STCS and the different types of
these systems in use today for road traffic management. They include – fuzzy expert systems (FES), artificial neural networks (ANN)
and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We give an in depth study on the design, benefits and limitations of each technique. The paper
cites and analyses a number of successfully tested and implemented STCS. From these reviews we are able to derive comparisons of
the STCS discussed in this paper. For instance, for a learning or adaptive system, ANN is the best approach; for a system that just
routes traffic based on real time data and does not need to derive any data patterns afterwards, then FES is the best approach; for a
cheaper alternative to the FES, then WSN is the least costly approach. All prove effective in traffic control and management with
respect to the context in which each of them is used.
A REVIEW ON IOT IN TRANSPORTATION SECTORNancy Ideker
This document provides a review of how Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be applied in the transportation sector. It discusses the opportunities that IoT presents to address complex issues in transportation systems. The key aspects covered include:
1. The architecture of an IoT system for transportation, which consists of 5 layers - application, sensing, communication, service, and infrastructure layers.
2. Examples of IoT applications in transportation like logistics, toll payment systems, vehicle tracking, supply chain management, and smart vehicle technologies.
3. The benefits of implementing IoT in transportation include optimized routes, demand-based services, improved public safety, and reduced fuel costs through efficiency.
IRJET- Image Processing based Intelligent Traffic Control and Monitoring ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on an intelligent traffic control and monitoring system using image processing and the Internet of Things. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by controlling traffic lights based on real-time traffic density detected through image processing of vehicle images. It consists of hardware and software modules. The hardware uses cameras to capture vehicle images and the software uses image processing techniques like object detection and classification to detect and count vehicles in real-time and estimate traffic density. This information is then used to dynamically adjust traffic light timings with the goal of optimizing traffic flow and reducing waiting times at signals. The system is meant to provide a more efficient solution to traffic management than conventional fixed-time traffic light control systems.
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEMijcsit
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution
This document describes an automatic traffic management system that uses CCTV cameras, a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, and machine learning algorithms to optimize traffic signal times based on real-time traffic conditions. Video from CCTV cameras is processed using HAAR cascade algorithms to identify and classify vehicles in order to calculate traffic density on roads. Based on comparisons to threshold densities, the system can allocate more or less time for traffic signals. This aims to minimize vehicle delays and help reduce issues like traffic jams, pollution, and accidents.
Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Pathijtsrd
Due to current significant increases in population and consequently in traffic congestion in most metropolitan cities in the world, designing of an intelligent traffic management system ITMS in order to detect the path with the shortest travel time is critical for emergency, health, and courier services. The aim of this research study was to develop a theoretical traffic detection system and capable of estimating the travel time associated with each street segment based on the traffic data updated every 20 seconds, which successively finds the path with the shortest travel time in the network by using a dynamic programming technique. Furthermore, in this study we model the travel time associated with each street segment based on the historical and real time data considering that the traffic speed on each road segment is piecewise constant. It would be useful to implement such algorithms in GIS systems such as Google map in such a way that the service delivery drivers can avoid congested routes by receiving real time traffic information. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Path" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50598.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/50598/intelligent-traffic-management-system-using-shortest-path/bharti-kumari
A Novel Methodology for Traffic Monitoring and Efficient Data Propagation in ...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes two novel routing algorithms, delay-bounded greedy forwarding and delay-bounded minimum cost forwarding, for efficient traffic monitoring and data propagation in vehicular ad-hoc networks.
2) It aims to minimize bandwidth utilization while adhering to user-defined data freshness requirements. The algorithms leverage locally and globally available traffic information to optimize data acquisition and delivery.
3) A framework is proposed that jointly optimizes data acquisition from vehicles and data delivery to access points to meet freshness requirements with minimum communication costs.
Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of Smart Citiesijtsrd
The article summarizes briefly the issues of creating smart cities using intelligent transport systems. Also, innovative processes in the use of smart city technology, effective traffic management in the city and decreasing the number of road accidents RTA , preventing traffic violations, data about collecting of data on the digital road network and ways that do not require cable laying, based on the Power Cube 500 technology are stated in this article. Karrieva Ya. K. | Karrieva B. K. "Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of "Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47784/implementing-intelligent-transport-systems-in-the-creation-of-smart-cities/karrieva-ya-k
IRJET- IoT based Vehicle Tracking using GPSIRJET Journal
This document describes a vehicle tracking system using GPS and an Android application. It aims to reduce waiting times for bus students by informing them of bus arrival and departure times in real-time. The system uses GPS devices in buses to track their locations and an Android app to update students. It discusses how embedded systems and GPS work, and reviews previous research on bus tracking systems. The document outlines the system design, including how the Android app integrates maps and utilizes GPS, GSM, and a centralized database. It concludes the proposed system could resolve issues with current manual tracking while improving transportation services.
This document provides a comprehensive literature review and analysis of various traffic prediction techniques. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for accurate traffic forecasting to address issues caused by increased road traffic. The document then reviews several existing traffic prediction methods and technologies, including fuzzy logic-based systems, intelligent traffic signal controllers, dynamic traffic information systems, and frameworks that utilize IoT, cloud computing, and machine learning. It identifies gaps in current literature, such as a lack of sensor data and advanced application frameworks for prediction. Finally, the document presents several comparison tables analyzing traffic prediction techniques based on the datasets, parameters, merits and demerits of each approach. The overall purpose is to conduct a systematic analysis of past work and identify future research
Auto Fine Generation System for TrafficViolation DetectionIRJET Journal
This document proposes an automatic fine generation system using RFID technology to detect traffic violations at intersections. It aims to help manage increasing traffic and violations. The system would use RFID readers and tags to identify vehicles committing violations like running red lights or stopping in pedestrian crossings. When a violation occurs, the system would generate a fine and send an SMS notification to the vehicle owner's mobile number. It analyzes existing traffic violation detection systems and argues this RFID-based approach could help avoid issues like ambiguity between models and increase efficiency by focusing on specific violations. The document outlines the system methodology, which involves activating RFID sensors based on traffic signals to monitor vehicles and detect if they violate red lights.
This document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and how they aim to enhance transportation efficiency and safety. ITS uses sensors, communication technologies, and traffic control to gather data on traffic volume, vehicle classification, speed, delays, and more. This data is then used to manage traffic flow and provide travelers with real-time transportation information. Floating car data is also discussed, which uses GPS or mobile phones in vehicles to anonymously collect location and speed data to monitor traffic conditions across road networks. The goals of ITS include improving safety, reducing congestion, providing travel/transit information to the public, saving costs, and lowering environmental impacts.
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networ...ijtsrd
VANET is the largest wireless communications research area. VANETs of rapidly moving vehicles can be inefficient or unreliable. With the passing of time, VANET technology advances via inter vehicle interaction, but many problems need to be resolved in order to strengthen the network. This paper simulates road traffic simulators in a way that ensures safe communication between different types vehicles and prevents traffic based congestion in the cities of India. Ms. Pooja Deshpande | Mrs. Vrushali Uttarwar | Ms. Ekta Choudhari "Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Realistic City Scenario" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29771.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29771/implementing-secured-and-comport-transportation-using-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-for-realistic-city-scenario/ms-pooja-deshpande
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on integrating visible light communication (VLC) and Wi-Fi technologies for intelligent transportation systems. It first reviews various communication technologies used for intelligent transportation, including short-range technologies like DSRC and Bluetooth, and long-range technologies like WiMAX and LTE. It then discusses issues with existing technologies like limited data rates and complex infrastructure requirements. The document concludes that combining VLC and Wi-Fi could help overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the benefits of both technologies, providing a potential solution for future intelligent transportation systems.
IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews vehicle detection and tracking systems using IoT technologies like Raspberry Pi. It discusses how previous studies have used GPS, GSM, and other sensors to track vehicle location in real-time and identify issues with those approaches. The document proposes a new vehicle tracking system that uses Raspberry Pi connected to a 3G/4G USB dongle to obtain location data and send it to the cloud for representation on a map. This provides real-time tracking while aiming to reduce costs and power consumption compared to other methods.
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ITS is the system defined as the electronics, advanced technology, communications or information processing used singly or integrated to enhance safety, mobility, and the economic vitality of the surface transportation system. The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) makes automobiles and the road traffic infrastructure intellectual and information-oriented in an integrated way to provide a safe and comfortable traffic system.
Right now economy, the number of vehicle user’s increments exponentially requesting all the more parking spots. Inescapable nearness of advanced cell urges users to lean toward mobile application based arrangements. The development of IoT has cleared the path for the incorporation of cell phones, remote correspondence advancements, and portable applications. internet of Things IoT assumes an indispensable job in interfacing the encompassing ecological things to the system and made simple to get to those un internet things from any remote area. Its unavoidable for the individuals to refresh with the developing technology. Also, for the most part, individuals are confronting issues on leaving vehicles in leaving spaces in a city. Lately, the idea of shrewd urban communities has picked up grind prevalence. On account of the development of the Internet of things savvy city currently is by all accounts attainable. Predictable endeavors are being made in the field of IoT so as to augment the efficiency and unwavering quality of the urban framework. Issues, for example, traffic clog, a restricted vehicle leaving offices and street security are being tended to by IoT. Right now, present an IoT based cloud incorporated shrewd stopping framework. The proposed Intelligent Parking framework comprises of an on location sending of an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of each single parking spot. A versatile application is likewise given that permits an end client to check the accessibility of parking spots and book a stopping space as needs are. The paper likewise depicts an elevated level perspective on framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper talks about the working of the framework in the type of a utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the proposed model. Abhinav Anand Singh "Intelligent Parking System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30452.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30452/intelligent-parking-system/abhinav-anand-singh
Main dccDesign of Embedded Device for Public Transportation Management Systemsharmadm
The document proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management using RFID and GSM technologies. The system consists of three modules: In-BUS module installed on buses with RFID and GSM to track location and send to the BASE station. The BASE station processes the data and sends bus locations to BUS stop modules installed at stops with displays. This allows passengers to see estimated arrival times and operators to track buses in real-time. RFID is used for automatic identification to track bus movements without direct line of sight.
All throughout APAC the landscape is changing and presenting a need for smart mobility. Read more in detail to learn how businesses can seize opportunities with the right IT strategy and the right partnership.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution
This document describes an automatic traffic management system that uses CCTV cameras, a Raspberry Pi microcontroller, and machine learning algorithms to optimize traffic signal times based on real-time traffic conditions. Video from CCTV cameras is processed using HAAR cascade algorithms to identify and classify vehicles in order to calculate traffic density on roads. Based on comparisons to threshold densities, the system can allocate more or less time for traffic signals. This aims to minimize vehicle delays and help reduce issues like traffic jams, pollution, and accidents.
Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Pathijtsrd
Due to current significant increases in population and consequently in traffic congestion in most metropolitan cities in the world, designing of an intelligent traffic management system ITMS in order to detect the path with the shortest travel time is critical for emergency, health, and courier services. The aim of this research study was to develop a theoretical traffic detection system and capable of estimating the travel time associated with each street segment based on the traffic data updated every 20 seconds, which successively finds the path with the shortest travel time in the network by using a dynamic programming technique. Furthermore, in this study we model the travel time associated with each street segment based on the historical and real time data considering that the traffic speed on each road segment is piecewise constant. It would be useful to implement such algorithms in GIS systems such as Google map in such a way that the service delivery drivers can avoid congested routes by receiving real time traffic information. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Path" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50598.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/50598/intelligent-traffic-management-system-using-shortest-path/bharti-kumari
A Novel Methodology for Traffic Monitoring and Efficient Data Propagation in ...IOSR Journals
1) The document proposes two novel routing algorithms, delay-bounded greedy forwarding and delay-bounded minimum cost forwarding, for efficient traffic monitoring and data propagation in vehicular ad-hoc networks.
2) It aims to minimize bandwidth utilization while adhering to user-defined data freshness requirements. The algorithms leverage locally and globally available traffic information to optimize data acquisition and delivery.
3) A framework is proposed that jointly optimizes data acquisition from vehicles and data delivery to access points to meet freshness requirements with minimum communication costs.
Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of Smart Citiesijtsrd
The article summarizes briefly the issues of creating smart cities using intelligent transport systems. Also, innovative processes in the use of smart city technology, effective traffic management in the city and decreasing the number of road accidents RTA , preventing traffic violations, data about collecting of data on the digital road network and ways that do not require cable laying, based on the Power Cube 500 technology are stated in this article. Karrieva Ya. K. | Karrieva B. K. "Implementing Intelligent Transport Systems in the Creation of "Smart Cities"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/47784/implementing-intelligent-transport-systems-in-the-creation-of-smart-cities/karrieva-ya-k
IRJET- IoT based Vehicle Tracking using GPSIRJET Journal
This document describes a vehicle tracking system using GPS and an Android application. It aims to reduce waiting times for bus students by informing them of bus arrival and departure times in real-time. The system uses GPS devices in buses to track their locations and an Android app to update students. It discusses how embedded systems and GPS work, and reviews previous research on bus tracking systems. The document outlines the system design, including how the Android app integrates maps and utilizes GPS, GSM, and a centralized database. It concludes the proposed system could resolve issues with current manual tracking while improving transportation services.
This document provides a comprehensive literature review and analysis of various traffic prediction techniques. It begins with an abstract that outlines the need for accurate traffic forecasting to address issues caused by increased road traffic. The document then reviews several existing traffic prediction methods and technologies, including fuzzy logic-based systems, intelligent traffic signal controllers, dynamic traffic information systems, and frameworks that utilize IoT, cloud computing, and machine learning. It identifies gaps in current literature, such as a lack of sensor data and advanced application frameworks for prediction. Finally, the document presents several comparison tables analyzing traffic prediction techniques based on the datasets, parameters, merits and demerits of each approach. The overall purpose is to conduct a systematic analysis of past work and identify future research
Auto Fine Generation System for TrafficViolation DetectionIRJET Journal
This document proposes an automatic fine generation system using RFID technology to detect traffic violations at intersections. It aims to help manage increasing traffic and violations. The system would use RFID readers and tags to identify vehicles committing violations like running red lights or stopping in pedestrian crossings. When a violation occurs, the system would generate a fine and send an SMS notification to the vehicle owner's mobile number. It analyzes existing traffic violation detection systems and argues this RFID-based approach could help avoid issues like ambiguity between models and increase efficiency by focusing on specific violations. The document outlines the system methodology, which involves activating RFID sensors based on traffic signals to monitor vehicles and detect if they violate red lights.
This document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and how they aim to enhance transportation efficiency and safety. ITS uses sensors, communication technologies, and traffic control to gather data on traffic volume, vehicle classification, speed, delays, and more. This data is then used to manage traffic flow and provide travelers with real-time transportation information. Floating car data is also discussed, which uses GPS or mobile phones in vehicles to anonymously collect location and speed data to monitor traffic conditions across road networks. The goals of ITS include improving safety, reducing congestion, providing travel/transit information to the public, saving costs, and lowering environmental impacts.
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networ...ijtsrd
VANET is the largest wireless communications research area. VANETs of rapidly moving vehicles can be inefficient or unreliable. With the passing of time, VANET technology advances via inter vehicle interaction, but many problems need to be resolved in order to strengthen the network. This paper simulates road traffic simulators in a way that ensures safe communication between different types vehicles and prevents traffic based congestion in the cities of India. Ms. Pooja Deshpande | Mrs. Vrushali Uttarwar | Ms. Ekta Choudhari "Implementing Secured and Comport Transportation using Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network for Realistic City Scenario" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29771.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/29771/implementing-secured-and-comport-transportation-using-vehicular-ad-hoc-network-for-realistic-city-scenario/ms-pooja-deshpande
IRJET - Integrated VLC with Wi-Fi for Smartway Transportation System: A SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on integrating visible light communication (VLC) and Wi-Fi technologies for intelligent transportation systems. It first reviews various communication technologies used for intelligent transportation, including short-range technologies like DSRC and Bluetooth, and long-range technologies like WiMAX and LTE. It then discusses issues with existing technologies like limited data rates and complex infrastructure requirements. The document concludes that combining VLC and Wi-Fi could help overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the benefits of both technologies, providing a potential solution for future intelligent transportation systems.
IRJET- Vehicle Detection and Tracking System IoT based: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews vehicle detection and tracking systems using IoT technologies like Raspberry Pi. It discusses how previous studies have used GPS, GSM, and other sensors to track vehicle location in real-time and identify issues with those approaches. The document proposes a new vehicle tracking system that uses Raspberry Pi connected to a 3G/4G USB dongle to obtain location data and send it to the cloud for representation on a map. This provides real-time tracking while aiming to reduce costs and power consumption compared to other methods.
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ITS is the system defined as the electronics, advanced technology, communications or information processing used singly or integrated to enhance safety, mobility, and the economic vitality of the surface transportation system. The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) makes automobiles and the road traffic infrastructure intellectual and information-oriented in an integrated way to provide a safe and comfortable traffic system.
Right now economy, the number of vehicle user’s increments exponentially requesting all the more parking spots. Inescapable nearness of advanced cell urges users to lean toward mobile application based arrangements. The development of IoT has cleared the path for the incorporation of cell phones, remote correspondence advancements, and portable applications. internet of Things IoT assumes an indispensable job in interfacing the encompassing ecological things to the system and made simple to get to those un internet things from any remote area. Its unavoidable for the individuals to refresh with the developing technology. Also, for the most part, individuals are confronting issues on leaving vehicles in leaving spaces in a city. Lately, the idea of shrewd urban communities has picked up grind prevalence. On account of the development of the Internet of things savvy city currently is by all accounts attainable. Predictable endeavors are being made in the field of IoT so as to augment the efficiency and unwavering quality of the urban framework. Issues, for example, traffic clog, a restricted vehicle leaving offices and street security are being tended to by IoT. Right now, present an IoT based cloud incorporated shrewd stopping framework. The proposed Intelligent Parking framework comprises of an on location sending of an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of each single parking spot. A versatile application is likewise given that permits an end client to check the accessibility of parking spots and book a stopping space as needs are. The paper likewise depicts an elevated level perspective on framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper talks about the working of the framework in the type of a utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the proposed model. Abhinav Anand Singh "Intelligent Parking System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30452.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30452/intelligent-parking-system/abhinav-anand-singh
Main dccDesign of Embedded Device for Public Transportation Management Systemsharmadm
The document proposes and implements a solution for enhancing public transportation management using RFID and GSM technologies. The system consists of three modules: In-BUS module installed on buses with RFID and GSM to track location and send to the BASE station. The BASE station processes the data and sends bus locations to BUS stop modules installed at stops with displays. This allows passengers to see estimated arrival times and operators to track buses in real-time. RFID is used for automatic identification to track bus movements without direct line of sight.
All throughout APAC the landscape is changing and presenting a need for smart mobility. Read more in detail to learn how businesses can seize opportunities with the right IT strategy and the right partnership.
Similar to Review Smart Traffic Management System (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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technologies are developed throughout time, and new
features are added to the current system to increase its
effectiveness [4-5]. We lack the data necessary to
make a comparison between the final system's
improvements and the beginning condition (without a
traffic management system). As was previously
indicated, traffic lights may be used to manage traffic
congestion. When correctly coordinated in tandem,
traffic lights may reduce car accidents and improve
traffic congestion, which is a crucial part of traffic
management. John Peake Knight created the first
traffic light that was manually controlled in [6], while
Lester Farnsworth Wire created the first automated
traffic light [7].
Fixed Cycle (Static) TLS was more extensively
employed in traffic control systems in the past and
had greater popularity than Dynamic TLS [8]. Fixed
Cycle TLS was ineffective because it increases traffic
density and congestion, particularly on roads where
there was already a lot of traffic flow to begin with.
This is particularly evident in nations like Malaysia
where Fixed Cycle TLS use is pervasive. By altering
the traffic pattern dependent on the amount of cars on
the road at any one time, a dynamic TLS can
significantly decrease this congestion.
Additionally, modern technologies in the fields of
wireless communication, control systems, image
processing, and data mining have integrated with the
existing transportation and street infrastructures in
addition to the traditional traffic control systems,
implying the next level of smart and intelligent
facilities known as Intelligent Transportation [9].
Systems (ITS). The development of communication
has recently led to the emergence of a new field
known as the Internet of Things (IoT), which has
attracted particular attention from both academia and
business due to the variety of platforms that can be
connected and communicate with one another under
this paradigm.
II. RELATED WORKS
One of the most significant Internet of Things (IoT)
applications that is facilitating the growth of smart
cities is Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS). Numerous
researches have been done with the goal of bettering
traffic control. The Green Wave System is a method
that has been researched in which an approaching
emergency vehicle can cause the traffic signal to turn
green as the vehicle is crossing the junction.
Additionally, the position of rescue vehicles may be
found via image processing [8]. With this technique, a
rescue truck will always see green lights along the
road and won't be stopped while travelling to its
destination. This method also makes it simple to
identify any stolen cars that happen to be driving
through the junction at that moment. The biggest
drawback of this approach is that it displays
erroneous information regarding the position of
emergency vehicles during bad weather. The picture
that the camera obtains is affected by noise due to
wind, fog, rain, and snow, which leads to several
errors when determining the precise location and
identification of cars. RFID can assist to provide
more suitable synchronization in order to remedy this
flaw [10].
The tags used in Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) serve as labels and are fastened to the items
that need to be recognised. RFID tags operate
independently of any battery or other power source.
Instead, an RFID reader is used to deliver the
pertinent information to them [9]. Because they are
included into the dashboards of cars and other
vehicles during production, RFID tags are frequently
undetectable to human sight. The concept behind the
RFID system is that in scenarios involving emergency
vehicles, an ambulance would be fitted with an RFID
tag, and a reader would be set up in the traffic system.
As the ambulance approaches a traffic light system,
the reader's job is to scan all the incoming data from
the RFID tags and identify it [11]. The disadvantages
of this technique have not received much attention in
numerous works up until this point. For instance,
would the light change to green to enable the
ambulance to pass through the crossing in the absence
of an emergency or the requirement for a quick
response? In several of the study articles I have seen,
the answer to this issue is not stated in detail.
However, in the actual world, if there wasn't an
emergency requiring an urgent and quick reaction,
ambulances or other emergency vehicles wouldn't
have any precedence to pass through a junction [12]
One study suggests using a system known as a
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), which makes use
of magnetic sensors, to increase the precision of
vehicle detection [13]. One of the most crucial system
functions to be taken into account is vehicle
detection. Why is this task so crucial? when
automobiles are precisely identified, the information
transmitted to the traffic control system is similarly
precise. This enables the system to handle traffic
flow, lane occupancy, and vehicle speed detection
more effectively. In this model, the system makes use
of the unprocessed data to choose a threshold that
permits more precise vehicle detection [14]. The
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) is a measurement that
has to do with the system's worst flaw. If this
parameter is set too low, it might have a negative
impact on the accuracy of vehicle detection. For
example, it could lead to more false alarms being sent
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or more missed detections as a result of subpar
system operation.
Magnetic and infrared sensors can be employed
together to enhance vehicle detection and the
detection system's overall effectiveness [15].
However, the biggest challenge they encounter with
this procedure is the trajectory of approaching cars,
particularly in work zones. Magnetometer detectors
were used for vehicle identification in intelligent
transportation systems [16]. (ITS). The local magnetic
field that is produced by a magnetic detector is
partially distorted as a vehicle approaches it. The
whole local magnetic field is warped whenever the
vehicle is between the final and middle part of the
magnetic field produced by the detector. The data is
then sent to a controller after it has been received
from the detectors. This controller's primary job is to
monitor and assess the direction of incoming traffic
before using the data to concurrently operate the
traffic signal systems at several junctions [15-16].
Mobile-based traffic measuring systems have also
been proposed as a method of reducing traffic
congestion. This technique makes it possible to
monitor and control road traffic congestion. This
system's seven levels, which start with the individual
smartphone and go all the way up to the top-level
business model, can finally enable the determination
of all the different components of traffic on highways.
The mobile application will then be able to assess
how long a person would be delayed due to traffic,
get information about the congestion on specific
roads, and recommend workable other routes,
approaches, and other improvements. A novel
paradigm for an Intelligent Traffic System was put
out by Badura and Lieskovsky [17-18]. Here, the
cameras placed at the intersections scan and keep an
eye on their immediate surroundings. For general
image analysis, the captured data is instantly
transferred to a topology independent data delivery
system. The function of the data delivery system is to
ensure data transfer through mobile Ad-hoc network
and to offer the communication framework
(MANET). They have experimentally proven the
viability of real-time data transfer in a variety of
circumstances.
Photoelectric sensors were suggested by Salama et al.
[19] for managing traffic signals. The precise
locations for installing sensors are one of the most
important factors. This is mostly due to the traffic
control department's need to track the movement of
cars at specified times, particularly during rush hour.
Data from the sensors is input into an algorithm at the
traffic control centre, which assigns a relative weight
to each road, using the obtained data.
When one side of a road is busier than the other, the
system will open that side's traffic lanes and allow
more time to move vehicles than it would on a less
congested route. In extraordinary cases, this
technology can allow human involvement to reduce
traffic congestion. The methods section will take into
account the specifics of photoelectric sensors.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
There are three designated kinds of vehicles in the
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in order to
implement it properly: regular cars, stolen vehicles,
and emergency vehicles. These classifications are
flexible and can be altered as needed. System
priorities can be divided into three categories: lowest,
highest, and highest. For dynamically updating the
database with Short Message Services, we require
these two crucial criteria (categories and priority of
vehicles) (SMS). A database may be used to hold all
the information about the cars going through
junctions in addition to their classifications and
priority. This method offers a situation where this
most recent data may be used for traffic monitoring in
later phases. Readers can be of great assistance to us
in resolving the issue of the direction of the stolen
car. They can be put in place before every intersection
with a traffic signal so that the direction of a stolen
automobile can be quickly identified. However, rain
or strong sunshine seem to be the major causes of
problems for these readers. In these circumstances,
reader signals will be corrupted[20].
Two key systems—the software system and the
electronic system—are used to deploy ITS on the
road [21]. The software system includes cloud server,
control system, green light algorithms, and various
apps for monitoring traffic congestion for traffic cops.
While electronic systems also include connections
between sensors, microprocessors, and traffic lights.
The first step in reducing traffic is to identify and
gather statistics for each route bound. Inductive loop
detectors can successfully assist us in achieving this
aim. The first phase is successfully finished when
these data, which were gathered from chips or
microprocessors to Base Station (BS), were
transferred to BS via Wi-Fi. The next step is to figure
out how to create a practical algorithm that can
compute Green Light Phase Time (GLPT) using the
data that has been received and saved in the database
[22]. Each road's GLPT information is sent from the
BS to the CPU. The microprocessor now has all the
information required to change the GLPT of each
road bound. Additionally, traffic cops might benefit
from this circumstance and see some GLPT-related
modifications on the traffic light monitoring
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programmes. The whole explanation of this process's
algorithm may be found in [23].
The core algorithms of green wave and the
identification of stolen automobiles are provided in
the two Figures that follow [24]. The letters "H" and
"HT" in flow chart 1 represent the categories "high"
and "highest," respectively. When organising the
priorities, highest priority (HT) takes precedence over
high priority (H). The vehicle with the greatest
priority is given priority if two cars are approaching
the traffic signal junction simultaneously from the
opposite direction. In addition, the vehicle that arrives
first is granted priority if two cars have the same
priority.
In Figure 1, the driver of the car receives the
destination's information and chooses which
intersections to take to get there. The purpose of the
Global System for Mobile Applications (GSM) is to
upgrade a vehicle's priority to "H" or "HT" and to
provide information about the position and quantity
of intersections that must be crossed during this phase
[25].
When a vehicle's priority is set to "H" or "HT," the
system sends out signals to change the colour of the
traffic light to green at the Nth intersection before
reducing N to N-1. There are two possibilities
whenever N is reduced: The car has arrived at its
destination if (a) N is less than zero, and it must
proceed to the next intersection if (b) N is equal to or
larger than zero. With the aid of a reader deployed
200 metres prior to the junction, we can confirm
whether the car has reached at that junction or not. To
change the traffic light system's colour to green at the
Nth intersection, these data are supplied to the traffic
light. Until N is adjusted to less than zero, which
indicates that the vehicle has arrived at its destination,
this process will be repeated several times [26].
The process for identifying stolen vehicles is shown
in Figure 2. The user will first send an SMS with
details about a stolen car. The system will then
modify its database and set the priority of the stolen
car to "T." There are now two possibilities: a car has
GPS technology. In this instance, it is possible to
pinpoint the precise position of the stolen car. The
Police Department receives this information. When
an RFID reader identifies a stolen car, it
communicates the position of intersections where the
vehicle was traced in case (b) the vehicle lacks a
GPS, which can be very helpful.
Figure.1. Blue Flow Systems
The majorityof traffic light systems used IR sensors, IR transmitters, and IR receivers connected in series. As soon
as a vehicle approaches a junction, it is identified; the traffic volume is then assessed, and the traffic lights are
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adjusted as necessary, depending on the signal frequency or density. Floating Car Data (FCD), also known as
floating cellular data, is another helpful method for estimating traffic speed and congestion. This approach depends
on a number of factors, including the gathering of localization data, speed, direction of travel, and time information
from GPS in moving vehicles [27]. As a result, any moving car that has a mobile phone in use serves as a kind of
road sensor. It can measure trip times, determine traffic congestion, and produce traffic reports for the police
department. This method has the benefit of not requiring any additional hardwareordevices forFCD. Everymobile
device that is turned on acts as a traffic probe and a source of anonymous data. There are three sub-systems in the
FCD. The probe vehicle and a geo-location unit are part of the first subsystem, which is referred to as the probe
system. The second is an online database that compiles all the necessarytrafficinformation and overlays it on top of
a digital map. The third subsystem is the web client, which is intended to serve as a User Interface (UI) for quickly
retrieving traffic data [28].
Figure.2. Procedure for the detection of stolen vehicles
One of the four techniques shown in Table 1 is utilised to collect raw data. Due to the fact that it is utilised to
calculate the probing velocity of vehicles, the geo-location data is quite helpful. As previously stated, a smart
phone is all that is necessary for FCD and no further hardware is needed. Using this smart phone
attached to a probe vehicle for measuring the locations of the probe vehicle as well as calculating the vehicle's
direction and speed. Finally, a wireless network is used to communicate all of this data to a server using a
relatively straightforward HTTP request. All of these data will be given an acquired time tag on the server side.
Another method to reduce traffic jams has been proposed [20] and uses video processing to collect data from
cameras with feedback mechanisms. This is a crucial consideration if there is a large amount of traffic
congestion. The system features a video camera on each side of a four-way intersection or four cameras above
the red signal. Either camera records a video, which is sent to a computer, where an algorithm for image
processing calculates the amount of traffic on each side of the road and switches the traffic lights appropriately.
The hardware and software components of the video processing approach are listed below. The purpose of the
camera is to establish a connection between the server and the actual traffic scenario. The system can then adjust
the requirements for this procedure based on the input it has received. The software toolbox [25, 26, 27] includes
algorithms for image processing, analysis, visualisation, and C++ compilers.
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Salama AS et al. have proposed one such development. The usage of photoelectric sensors is a part of [29]. To
gauge the volume of traffic in this system, the sensors look for changes in the road's weight. This information is
incorporated into an algorithm that a neighbouring traffic control tower uses to regulate traffic lights[22].
based on these facts. The technology can allow for the opening of traffic congestion on roads that have a larger
relative weight depending on the readings of the photoelectric sensors by changing the frequency at which traffic
signals change. This system's adaptability is an extra bonus since it may be used in special circumstances that
call for little to no traffic congestion, including the passage of emergency vehicles [23]. The application of radio-
frequency identification (RFID) technology can be used to achieve this. In general, this method permits the
maintaining a generally smooth traffic flow while being flexible enough to respond to particular circumstances
that arise on particular roadways that the system is watching. Additionally, the suggested system may be
configured to either require very little human interaction or greater human engagement for optimal control in
specific circumstances[30].
S.N. Method Description
M1 Traffic
Management
System (TMS)
This method is a top-down management approach that incorporates technology to
enhance safety and traffic flow.
The task is broken into smaller systems that are placed in various locations in this
case. For the purpose of enhancing traffic flow, real-time traffic data is collected
through cameras and speed detectors and sent to the Transportation Management
Center (TMC).
M2 Green wave
system
In this method, an approaching emergency vehicle causes the traffic signal to turn
green anytime the vehicle is approaching a junction. More precise emergency
vehicle position detection can be achieved through the use of image processing. A
result of this is that an emergency vehicle will encounter only green lights along
its path and won't encounter any halt as it travels to its destination.
M3 RFID
tags
Since radio frequency is unaffected by weather, this method solves the severe
weather issue in the green wave system.
RFID tags are integrated in the ambulance's dashboard, and RFID readers are
placed 200 metres from intersections. The ambulance will be detected when it
approaches traffic signal systems by the RFID reader, which will read all the data
from tags.
M4 Wireless
SensorNetwork
(WSN)
This method increases the precision of vehicle detection by using a group of
magnetic sensors. The local magnetic field that is produced by a magnetic
detector is partially distorted as a vehicle approaches it.
The whole local magnetic field is warped whenever the vehicle is between the
final and middle part of the magnetic field produced by the detector. After that, a
controller can receive this data.
M5 Global System
forMobile
Communication
(GSM)
In this method, an embedded controller creates a data pattern to provide a
microcontroller's input. The C programming language is then translated into HEX
code and sent to the microcontroller receiver.
Then, this data will be sent to GSM through the microcontroller's transmitter.
With a SIM's 3G connection enabled, the GSM can activate the messaging
function and notify a specialist by message.
M6 Infrared Sensor
(IR)
The majority of traffic light systems feature infrared (IR) sensors, which are made
up of an IR transmitter and receiver. The IR sensors may be turned on whenever
the vehicle moves in front of two sensors.
The gathered data may be examined to turn the traffic signal green.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, several intelligent traffic management
systems were reviewed. These included utilization of
RFID readers and tags, Green Wave Systems, smart
phones and wireless communication with Big Data
center. Applications, pros and cons of each method
were discussed and summarized briefly in Tables 1
and 2. The technique of IoT has been used in order to
gather data which related to traffic congestion more
quickly and more accurately. Furthermore, mobile
application was discussed as a “User Interface” to
detect traffic congestion in different places and
provide users with alternate routes. The goal of these
techniques is to provide the drivers of vehicles to
know more information about traffic and road
conditions. Moreover, the priority for emergency
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD50595 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2022 Page 1124
vehicles can be assigned through Intelligent Traffic
Systems.
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