The document discusses literature reviews, which systematically summarize and synthesize past research on a topic. A literature review identifies what is already known about a research problem or issue, how it has been studied, and what research gaps exist. It establishes the need for further study and demonstrates the author's knowledge. A literature review is included in research proposals and dissertations to provide context and show the writer is informed on previous related work. It discusses key theories, researchers, questions, and appropriate methodologies in the field of study. Conducting a literature review prevents duplicating past work and helps understand the topic better by identifying relevant sources and frameworks.