The document discusses the importance of reviewing literature in the research process. It defines a literature review as an account of previous work and knowledge on a research topic. The main purposes of a literature review are to identify research problems, gaps in knowledge, and help guide methodology. Literature can be sourced from primary research as well as secondary sources like databases. Key databases discussed include CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane. The document outlines criteria for selecting resources and a staged approach to conducting a literature review.

2. REVIEW LITERATURE

3. INTRODUCTION
Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research
process.
It is an account of what is already known about a particular
phenomenon. The main purpose of literature review is to convey to the
readers about the work already done and the knowledge and ideas that
have been already established in a particular topic of research. A
literature review is in account of the previous efforts and achievements
of scholars and researchers on a phenomenon

4. DEFINITION
A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points
of knowledge on a particular topic of research.
(ANA, 2000)
A literature review is an account of what has been already established or
published on a particular research topic by accredited scholars and
researchers.
( University of Toronta, 2001)

5. IMPORTANCE OF REVIEW
LITERATURE
Identification of a research problem.
Orientation to what is known and not known of research.
Determination of any gaps in a body of knowledge.
. Discovery of unanswered questions
Identification of new clinical interventions.
Description of the strengths and weaknesses of design.
Development of hypothesis to be tested in a research study.
Helps in planning the methodology of the present research study

6. PURPOSES OF REVIEW LITERATURE
•Identify a research problem and develop or refine research questions.
•Describe the relationship of each study to other research studies .
•Identify any gaps in previous research.
•Point a way forward for further research.
•See what has and has not been investigated.
•Learn how others have defined and measured key concepts.
•Identify data sources that other researchers have used.
.
• Identification of new clinical interventions.
•Identification of data collection methods for a study.

7. TYPES OF REVIEW LITERATURE

8. SOURCE OF REVIEW
LITERATURE
1. PRIMARY SOURCES
2. SECONDARY SOURCES

9. ELECTRONIC SOURCES
o Electronic literature Search through websites
o Time consuming because there are many websites and webPages
that can lead to overload and confusion.
Literature conducted through search engine like yahoo , google
o . Com
o A search engine is a collection of softwere programme that
collect information from the websites. Visually on screen
downloadable, readable written formet.
o Database is a storage like a library, where information is
stored, uploaded systematically.

10. CINHAL- (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature): Accessible at
http://www.cinahl.com,
it contains citations of nursing literature published after 1988. Even full-text articles are
available on CINAHL Plus, a paid web page.
•MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieved System Online): It is another
electronic source of literature review commonly used by nurses. The National Library of
Medicine provides free access to MEDLINE through PubMed, available at www pubmed.com.
•PubMed: PubMed can be used to search research abstracts, available at
http://wwwpubmed.com.
•British Nursing Index: The British Nursing Index (BNI) is a leading UK nursing database
providing bibliographic references to journal articles from all the major British nursing and
midwifery journals, as well as a selection of English-language international journals.
•MedlinePlus: It is the National Library of Medicine's websites for consumer health in
formation. It is available at http://www.medlineplus.gov.
•Nursing and Health Science: It is a full-text collection of 24 journals published by Sage
Publication
•Cochrane database of system reviews: Health care-related literature can be searched from this
source, available at http://www.cochrane.org.

11. •PsycINFO: It gives psychological information. It may be searched at
http://www.psychinfo.com
• Education Resource Information Center (ERIC): It is a freely available database which
gives literature on education with about 600 journals, reference books, conference papers
and technical reports. at https://eric.ed.gov
•ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database: Search more than 2 million full text
dissertations. It may be searched at http://www.proquest.com
• Web of Science. It is a multidisciplinary database, which has a collection of more than
5600 journals. It may be searched at https://login.webofknowledge.com.
•Online journals.
•http://www.nursefriendly.com/nursing/linksections/nursingjournal.html
•http://www.nara.org
•http://www.healthweb.org
•http://www.nursingworld.org/ojin
•http://www.nursingweek.com

12. • Other online databases: online databases can be searched for
free by nurses from the following websites.
•http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov (HIV/AIDS information)
• http://www.hazmap.nlm.nih.gov (information on hazardous
agents)
•http://www.child.nih.gov (combined health information
database)
•http://www.toxinet.nlm.nih.gov (toxicology database network)
•Cancer Lit (Cancer literature)
• EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database)
• ETOH (Alcohol and alcohol problems science database)
•HealthSTAR (Health services technology administration and
research)
•CD-ROM (Compact disc-read only memory) with research
database

13. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF RESOURSE
SELECTING THE LITERATURE:-
purpose of the review
What is available
Most recent and relevant studies
Enough material
Source of literature it may be primary and secondary sources.
CRITIQUING SOURCES FOUND
Clearly ordered the research.
Move from broader to more specific concepts.
Adequate critique of research.
Studies should be compared with previous study.
SUMMARIZING & INTERPRETING
Overall interpretation of what is available.

15. STAGES OF LITERATURE
REVIEW
Stage 1. Annotated bibliography
 Researchers read articles, book and other literature, and
write a brief critical point of research.
After reading researchers will have annotation of each
source of related literature.
Later annotations are likely to be compare to get accurate.

16. Stage 2.Thematic organization
 Researcher try to find out common themes of research topic
Here try to organize literature under theme, arranged in a
chronological manner.
Researchers try to establish coherence between themes &
literature
Stage 3. More reading
Knowledge gained through primary reading, researcher have a
better understanding about the research topic.
Researcher try to discover the methodologies which is more
relevent.
They look for more literature
They integrate the new readings.

17. Stages 4. Write individual section
Researcher start writing the literature under each thematic
section by using previously collected draft of annotations.
For each thematic sections, draft annotations are used
Stage 5. Integrate sections
In this section , researcher have a list of the thematic sections &
they tie them together with an introduction, conclusion,& relate
with each other.

18. POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED
 Be specific- Better to mention only specific findings. Literature review is not
the place for in-depth analysis of each points.
Be selective- Lot of information into a small space.( Important point)
Focus on current topics
Focus on sources of evidence- Researcher should ensure the reliability of the
sources.
Reference citation- Any reference cited in the literature review must be
included in the bibliography.
Referring original source:- which is more relevent.
Write in own language.
Simple and accurate sentence.
Effective use of transition words:- eg. Hence, therefore, but thus, etc.
Avoid abbreviations