This document discusses security threats in cloud computing based on a case study interview with an IT manager. The interviewee's company uses both private and public clouds. The document identifies 41 security threats from literature and classifies them from technical and business perspectives. Based on the interview, the major drivers for using cloud computing were improving business continuity, reducing costs through virtualization and disaster recovery, and utilizing high bandwidth. The interview helped explore the dimensions of security threats in cloud computing beyond what is described in existing research.
Security and Privacy Solutions in Cloud Computing at Openstack to Sustain Use...Zac Darcy
Cloud computing is an emerging model of service provision that has the advantage of minimizing costs
through sharing and storage of resources combined with a demand provisioning mechanism relying on
pay-per-use business model. Cloud computing features direct impact on information technology (IT)
budgeting but pose detrimental impacts on privacy and security mechanisms especially where sensitive
data is to be held offshore by third parties. Even though cloud computing environment promises new
benefits to organizations, it also presents its fair share of potential risks. It is considered as a double edge
sword considering the privacy and security standpoints. However, despite its potential to offer a low cost
security, customer organizations may increase the risks by storing their sensitive information in the cloud.
Therefore, this study focuses on privacy and security issues that pose a challenge in maintaining a level of
assurance that is sufficient enough to sustain confidence in potential users.
In this study, survey questions were sent to different non-profit and government organizations, which
assisted in collecting fundamental information. The data was acquired by conducting surveys in OpenStack
Company to identify the critical vulnerabilities in the cloud computing platform in order to provide the
recommended solutions.
So, analysis will be made on how the cloud’s characteristics such as the nature of the architecture,
attractiveness, as well as, vulnerability are tightly related to privacy and security issues. Privacy and
security are complex issues for which there is no standard and the relationship between them is necessarily
complicated. The study also highlight on the inherent challenge to data privacy because it typically results
in data to be presented in an encryption from the data owner. Thus, the study aimed at obtaining a common
goal to provide a comprehensive review of the existing security and privacy issues in cloud environments,
and identify and describe the most representative of the security and privacy attributes and present a
relationship among them.
Finally, in order to ensure that the standard measure of validity is achieved, validity test was conducted in
order to ensure that the study is free from errors. Various recommendations were provided. The study also
explored various areas that require future directions for each attribute, which comprise of multi-domain
policy integration and a secure service composition to design a comprehensive policy-based management
framework in the cloud environments.
Lastly, the recommendations will provide the potential for security and privacy approaches that can be
implemented to improve the cloud computing environment to ensure that a level of trust is achieved
SECURITY AND PRIVACY SOLUTIONS IN CLOUD COMPUTING AT OPENSTACK TO SUSTAIN USE...Zac Darcy
Cloud computing is an emerging model of service provision that has the advantage of minimizing costs
through sharing and storage of resources combined with a demand provisioning mechanism relying on
pay-per-use business model. Cloud computing features direct impact on information technology (IT)
budgeting but pose detrimental impacts on privacy and security mechanisms especially where sensitive
data is to be held offshore by third parties. Even though cloud computing environment promises new
benefits to organizations, it also presents its fair share of potential risks. It is considered as a double edge
sword considering the privacy and security standpoints. However, despite its potential to offer a low cost
security, customer organizations may increase the risks by storing their sensitive information in the cloud.
Therefore, this study focuses on privacy and security issues that pose a challenge in maintaining a level of
assurance that is sufficient enough to sustain confidence in potential users.
It auditing to assure a secure cloud computingingenioustech
Dear Students
Ingenious techno Solution offers an expertise guidance on you Final Year IEEE & Non- IEEE Projects on the following domain
JAVA
.NET
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ROBOTICS
MECHANICAL
MATLAB etc
For further details contact us:
enquiry@ingenioustech.in
044-42046028 or 8428302179.
Ingenious Techno Solution
#241/85, 4th floor
Rangarajapuram main road,
Kodambakkam (Power House)
http://www.ingenioustech.in/
CLOUD COMPUTING AND SECURITY ISSUES IN THE CLOUDIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology. With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud infrastructure.
Cloud computing is envisioned as the next generation architecture for IT Enterprises, and has proliferated itself due to the advantages it provides.Cloud computing provides solutions for carrying out efficient, scalable and low cost computing. The pay per usage concept of Cloud computing increases the resource utilisation of a vendor’s computing power and resources; at the same time,it results in reduced hardware costs forits users. It also provides access mobility, easier maintenance, scalabilityand operability in terms of its management and usage. Because of the facilities and solutions it provides to the industry for the next generation computing, it is vulnerable to a variety of known and unknown attacks from attackers.Hence, securinga Cloud environment is a critical problem that needs urgent attention.This articlefocuses on a taxonomy of possible attacks on a Cloud environment and a taxonomy of the defence .The attack taxonomy describes existing threats on Cloud security, and the defence taxonomy gives a classification of the various counter measures that can be taken to protect the Cloud environment from such attacks. The aim of this article is to provideresearchers, academicians and industry with a better understanding of existing attacks and defence mechanisms on Cloud security.This is to provide a clearvision of the challenges that should be worked onto ensure next generation security forCloud computing.
Cloud computing and security issues in theIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The
global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important
to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security
aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and
service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology.
With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service
providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations
with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing
those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages
that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud
computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud
infrastructure.
Security and Privacy Solutions in Cloud Computing at Openstack to Sustain Use...Zac Darcy
Cloud computing is an emerging model of service provision that has the advantage of minimizing costs
through sharing and storage of resources combined with a demand provisioning mechanism relying on
pay-per-use business model. Cloud computing features direct impact on information technology (IT)
budgeting but pose detrimental impacts on privacy and security mechanisms especially where sensitive
data is to be held offshore by third parties. Even though cloud computing environment promises new
benefits to organizations, it also presents its fair share of potential risks. It is considered as a double edge
sword considering the privacy and security standpoints. However, despite its potential to offer a low cost
security, customer organizations may increase the risks by storing their sensitive information in the cloud.
Therefore, this study focuses on privacy and security issues that pose a challenge in maintaining a level of
assurance that is sufficient enough to sustain confidence in potential users.
In this study, survey questions were sent to different non-profit and government organizations, which
assisted in collecting fundamental information. The data was acquired by conducting surveys in OpenStack
Company to identify the critical vulnerabilities in the cloud computing platform in order to provide the
recommended solutions.
So, analysis will be made on how the cloud’s characteristics such as the nature of the architecture,
attractiveness, as well as, vulnerability are tightly related to privacy and security issues. Privacy and
security are complex issues for which there is no standard and the relationship between them is necessarily
complicated. The study also highlight on the inherent challenge to data privacy because it typically results
in data to be presented in an encryption from the data owner. Thus, the study aimed at obtaining a common
goal to provide a comprehensive review of the existing security and privacy issues in cloud environments,
and identify and describe the most representative of the security and privacy attributes and present a
relationship among them.
Finally, in order to ensure that the standard measure of validity is achieved, validity test was conducted in
order to ensure that the study is free from errors. Various recommendations were provided. The study also
explored various areas that require future directions for each attribute, which comprise of multi-domain
policy integration and a secure service composition to design a comprehensive policy-based management
framework in the cloud environments.
Lastly, the recommendations will provide the potential for security and privacy approaches that can be
implemented to improve the cloud computing environment to ensure that a level of trust is achieved
SECURITY AND PRIVACY SOLUTIONS IN CLOUD COMPUTING AT OPENSTACK TO SUSTAIN USE...Zac Darcy
Cloud computing is an emerging model of service provision that has the advantage of minimizing costs
through sharing and storage of resources combined with a demand provisioning mechanism relying on
pay-per-use business model. Cloud computing features direct impact on information technology (IT)
budgeting but pose detrimental impacts on privacy and security mechanisms especially where sensitive
data is to be held offshore by third parties. Even though cloud computing environment promises new
benefits to organizations, it also presents its fair share of potential risks. It is considered as a double edge
sword considering the privacy and security standpoints. However, despite its potential to offer a low cost
security, customer organizations may increase the risks by storing their sensitive information in the cloud.
Therefore, this study focuses on privacy and security issues that pose a challenge in maintaining a level of
assurance that is sufficient enough to sustain confidence in potential users.
It auditing to assure a secure cloud computingingenioustech
Dear Students
Ingenious techno Solution offers an expertise guidance on you Final Year IEEE & Non- IEEE Projects on the following domain
JAVA
.NET
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ROBOTICS
MECHANICAL
MATLAB etc
For further details contact us:
enquiry@ingenioustech.in
044-42046028 or 8428302179.
Ingenious Techno Solution
#241/85, 4th floor
Rangarajapuram main road,
Kodambakkam (Power House)
http://www.ingenioustech.in/
CLOUD COMPUTING AND SECURITY ISSUES IN THE CLOUDIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology. With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud infrastructure.
Cloud computing is envisioned as the next generation architecture for IT Enterprises, and has proliferated itself due to the advantages it provides.Cloud computing provides solutions for carrying out efficient, scalable and low cost computing. The pay per usage concept of Cloud computing increases the resource utilisation of a vendor’s computing power and resources; at the same time,it results in reduced hardware costs forits users. It also provides access mobility, easier maintenance, scalabilityand operability in terms of its management and usage. Because of the facilities and solutions it provides to the industry for the next generation computing, it is vulnerable to a variety of known and unknown attacks from attackers.Hence, securinga Cloud environment is a critical problem that needs urgent attention.This articlefocuses on a taxonomy of possible attacks on a Cloud environment and a taxonomy of the defence .The attack taxonomy describes existing threats on Cloud security, and the defence taxonomy gives a classification of the various counter measures that can be taken to protect the Cloud environment from such attacks. The aim of this article is to provideresearchers, academicians and industry with a better understanding of existing attacks and defence mechanisms on Cloud security.This is to provide a clearvision of the challenges that should be worked onto ensure next generation security forCloud computing.
Cloud computing and security issues in theIJNSA Journal
Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow’s computing. The
global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud based architecture. While it is important
to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security
aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and
service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology.
With the introduction of numerous cloud based services and geographically dispersed cloud service
providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations
with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing
those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages
that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. This paper presents a review on the cloud
computing concepts as well as security issues inherent within the context of cloud computing and cloud
infrastructure.
Cloud computing technology security and trust challengesijsptm
A let of exclusive features such as high functionality and low cost have made cloud computing a valuable
technology. These remarkable features give users and companies, countless opportunities to reach their
goals spending minimum cost and time. Looking at the literature of this technology, it can be claimed that
the main concerns of the users of cloud are security issues especially trust. Unfortunately these concerns
have not been tackled yet. Therefore we decided to introduce a useful and functioned way to create more
trust among consumers to use this technology .In this paper we suggest the foundation of an international
certification institute for the service providing companies in order to increase trust and enhance likeliness
of using this new and valuable technology among people. Practicality of the technology will improve it and
will make its security better by providers.
ADVANCES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AND CLOUD SERVICES FOR KSAIJCSES Journal
Cloud represents an important change in the way information technology is used. Cloud makes it possible
to access work anywhere anytime and to share it with anyone [1]. It is changing the way people
communicate, work and learn [2]. In this changing environment, it is important to think about the
opportunities and risks of using the cloud in the education field, and the lessons we can learn from the
previous uses of this technology in the education field. In order to gain the benefits of the cloud to be used
in educational system in KSA, a comprehensive study on scientific literatures in this paper. This paper also
presents the significant information such as the findings, the case studies, related frameworks and
supporting also the tools associated to the migration of organizational resources to cloud
Security in Cloud Computing For Service Delivery Models: Challenges and Solut...IJERA Editor
Cloud computing, undoubtedly, is a path to expand the limits or add powerful capabilities on-demand with
almost no investment in new framework, training new staff, or authorizing new software. Though today
everyone is talking about cloud but, organizations are still in dilemma whether it’s safe to deploy their business
on cloud. The reason behind it; is nothing but Security. No cloud service provider provides 100% security
assurance to its customers and therefore, businesses are hesitant to accept cloud and the vast benefits that come
along with it. The absence of proper security controls delimits the benefits of cloud. In this paper, a review on
different cloud service models and a survey of the different security challenges and issues while providing
services in cloud is presented .The paper focuses on the security issues specific to service delivery model (SaaS,
IaaS and PaaS) of cloud environment. This paper also explores the various security solutions currently being
applied to protect cloud from various kinds of intruders.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE CLOUD VENDORS SERVICESijccsa
Cloud computing refers to a location that allows us to preserve our precious data and use computing and
networking services on a pay-as-you-go basis without the need for a physical infrastructure. Cloud
computing now provides us with powerful data processing and storage, exceptional availability and
security, rapid accessibility and adaption, ensured flexibility and interoperability, and time and cost
efficiency. Cloud computing offers three platforms (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) with unique capabilities that
promise to make it easier for a customer, organization, or trade to establish any type of IT business. We
compared a variety of cloud service characteristics in this article, following the comparing, it's
straightforward to pick a specific cloud service from the possible options by comparison with three chosen
cloud providers such as Amazon, Microsoft Azure, and Digital Ocean. By using findings of this study to not
only identify similarities and contrasts across various aspects of cloud computing, as well as to suggest
some areas for further study.
Assurance of Security and Privacy Requirements for Cloud Deployment ModelIJMTST Journal
Regardless of the few advantages of relocating endeavor basic resources for the Cloud, there are challenges particularly identified with security and protection. It is imperative that Cloud Users comprehend their security and protection needs, in light of their particular setting and select cloud show best fit to help these requirements. The writing gives works that attention on talking about security and protection issues for cloud frameworks yet such works don't give a nitty gritty methodological way to deal with evoke security and security necessities neither one of the to choose cloud arrangement models in view of fulfillment of these prerequisites by Cloud Service Providers. This work propels the present best in class towards this bearing. Specifically, we consider necessities designing ideas to inspire and dissect security and protection prerequisites and their related instruments utilizing an applied structure and an orderly procedure. The work presents confirmation as proof for fulfilling the security and protection necessities as far as culmination and reportable of security occurrence through review. This enables point of view cloud clients to characterize their confirmation prerequisites with the goal that proper cloud models can be chosen for a given setting. To exhibit our work, we display comes about because of a genuine contextual analysis in view of the Greek National Gazette.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cloud Computing Security Issues and ChallengesCSCJournals
Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements. Usually cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, flexibility, efficiency and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative business model for organizations to adopt IT services without upfront investment. Despite the potential gains achieved from the cloud computing, the organizations are slow in accepting it due to security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. The idea of handing over important data to another company is worrisome; such that the consumers need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. This paper introduces a detailed analysis of the cloud computing security issues and challenges focusing on the cloud computing types and the service delivery types.
1Chapter Two Literature ReviewStudents NameName of theEttaBenton28
1
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Student's Name
Name of the Institution
Course Number and Name
Professor
Due Date
Privacy Issues in Multi-Tenant Cloud Computing
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Introduction
A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud. Multitenant involves different cloud computing clients using or transferring a single computing infrastructure. This arrangement exposes the clients who have agreed to various privacy issues relating to their data and information stored in the cloud (Al-Ruithe et al., 2018). Evidence indicates that some of the privacy issues involved in multitenant cloud computing include data leakage, data breach, and exposure of the private data relating to clients involved in the agreement. As the number of people using cloud computing balloon, privacy issues are becoming a significant problem for many consumers who use the same cloud computing architecture in a private or public setting. It is essential to define what multitenant cloud entails before developing a clear concept or problem that can be investigated. According to Park et al. (2018), "A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud" (Park et al., 2018). Each tenant's data must be isolated in this cloud computing arrangement and cannot be accessed or seen by the partner tenant. However, the recent growth in technology has made data privacy in cloud computing challenges, posing a big problem to cloud computing providers.
The theoretical foundation for the current privacy issues in multitenant cloud computing is drawn from the study done by Park et al. (2018). According to Park et al. (2018), the most significant privacy issue in multitenant cloud computing is the lack of configurability. Configurability poses a colossal privacy issue in this infrastructure because the tenants have to share the same configuration. However, there is little evidence to provide this theory, and this study will play a significant role in contributing to this theoretical framework (Meng et al., 2021). The purpose of the current study is to investigate privacy and confidentiality issues in multi-tenancy cloud computing. Specifically, in this chapter, studies that have been done in the last five years focusing on this topic will be reviewed through a professional literature review.
Chapter Outline
The current chapter will be structured using headings and subheadings to ensure that each aspect is captured during the literature review. The study will be structured in 12 different sections, of which some may have sub-sections. The twelve sections in the current chapter will include introduction, chapter outline, search strategy, introduction to cloud computing, multi-tenancy cloud computing, and cloud computing deployment models. The other sections will consist of cloud computing service models, ...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A NEW CLOUD SECURITY METHOD BASED ON MULTI CLOUDS ON OPE...cscpconf
Deployment of using cloud services as a new approach to keep people's platforms, Infrastructure and applications has become an important issue in the world of communications technology. This is a very useful paradigm for humans to obtain their essential needs simpler, faster ,more flexible, and safer than before. But there are many concerns about this system challenge. Security is the most important challenge for cloud systems. In this paper we design and explain the procedure of implementation of a new method for cloud services based on multi clouds on our platform which supplies security and privacy more than other clouds. We introduce some confidentiality and security methods in each layer to have a secure access to requirements. The architecture of our method and the implementation of method on our selected platform for each layer are introduced in this paper.
Design and implement a new cloud security method based on multi clouds on ope...csandit
Deployment of using cloud services as a new approach to keep people's platforms,
Infrastructure and applications has become an important issue in the world of communications
technology. This is a very useful paradigm for humans to obtain their essential needs simpler,
faster ,more flexible, and safer than before. But there are many concerns about this system
challenge. Security is the most important challenge for cloud systems. In this paper we design
and explain the procedure of implementation of a new method for cloud services based on multi
clouds on our platform which supplies security and privacy more than other clouds. We
introduce some confidentiality and security methods in each layer to have a secure access to
requirements. The architecture of our method and the implementation of method on our selected
platform for each layer are introduced in this paper.
Cloud computing has changed the entire process that distributed computing used to present e.g. Grid
computing, server client computing. Cloud computing describes recent developments in many existing IT
technologies and separates application and information resources from the underlying infrastructure.
Cloud computing security is an important aspect of quality of service from cloud service providers.
Security concerns arise as soon as one begins to run applications beyond the designated firewall and move
closer towards the public domain. In violation of security in any component in the cloud can be disaster for
the organization (the customer) as well as for the provider. In this paper, we propose a cloud security
model and security framework that identifies security challenges in cloud computing.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
The paradigm called “Cloud computing” acts as a mechanism for attaining the resources of shared technology and infrastructure cost-effectively. The on-demand services are accomplished to execute the various operations across the network. Regularly, the last client doesn't know about the area of open physical assets and devices. Developing, using, and dealing with their applications 'on the cloud', which includes virtualization of assets that keeps and guides itself are led by arranged activities to clients. Calculation experience the new methodology of cloud computing which perhaps keeps the world and can set up all the human necessities. At the end of the day, cloud computing is the ensuing normal step in the development of on-request data innovation administrations and items. The Cloud is an allegory for the Internet and is an idea for the secured confused foundation; it likewise relies upon drawing network graphs on a computer. In this work, thorough investigations of distributed computing security and protection concerns are given. The work distinguishes both the identified and unidentified attacks, vulnerabilities in the cloud, security attacks and also the solutions to control these threats and attacks. Moreover, the restrictions of the present solutions and offers various perceptions of security viewpoints are distinguished and explored. At long last, a cloud security system is given in which the different lines of protection and the reliance levels among them are identified.
Review the article by Peter Singer.Complete the followingRe.docxmichael591
Review the article by Peter Singer.
Complete the following:
Record and describe six of your initial impressions of the article in a journal format.
Identify and critically analyze the roots of these impressions, i.e., emotional, value based, or fact based. Record these as part of your journal notes.
Support your statements with examples and appropriate scholarly references.
You can use the Cornell Note-taking tools to complete this assignment. This tool has been widely used to systematically format and organize notes.
.
Review the accounting methods used by Dr. Lopez as illustrated in Ta.docxmichael591
Review the accounting methods used by Dr. Lopez as illustrated in Table 15–1 in this chapter. Contrast the profitability that Dr. Lopez faces by using the cash basis of accounting with the profitability he faces by using the accrual basis of accounting for the month of July. What if Dr. Lopez did not accept third-party insurance and required all patients to pay at the time of service? Would there be any difference between the cash basis and accrual basis of accounting? Why or why not?
Your response should be 200-250 words. You will need to cite two reputable sources.
.
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Cloud computing technology security and trust challengesijsptm
A let of exclusive features such as high functionality and low cost have made cloud computing a valuable
technology. These remarkable features give users and companies, countless opportunities to reach their
goals spending minimum cost and time. Looking at the literature of this technology, it can be claimed that
the main concerns of the users of cloud are security issues especially trust. Unfortunately these concerns
have not been tackled yet. Therefore we decided to introduce a useful and functioned way to create more
trust among consumers to use this technology .In this paper we suggest the foundation of an international
certification institute for the service providing companies in order to increase trust and enhance likeliness
of using this new and valuable technology among people. Practicality of the technology will improve it and
will make its security better by providers.
ADVANCES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AND CLOUD SERVICES FOR KSAIJCSES Journal
Cloud represents an important change in the way information technology is used. Cloud makes it possible
to access work anywhere anytime and to share it with anyone [1]. It is changing the way people
communicate, work and learn [2]. In this changing environment, it is important to think about the
opportunities and risks of using the cloud in the education field, and the lessons we can learn from the
previous uses of this technology in the education field. In order to gain the benefits of the cloud to be used
in educational system in KSA, a comprehensive study on scientific literatures in this paper. This paper also
presents the significant information such as the findings, the case studies, related frameworks and
supporting also the tools associated to the migration of organizational resources to cloud
Security in Cloud Computing For Service Delivery Models: Challenges and Solut...IJERA Editor
Cloud computing, undoubtedly, is a path to expand the limits or add powerful capabilities on-demand with
almost no investment in new framework, training new staff, or authorizing new software. Though today
everyone is talking about cloud but, organizations are still in dilemma whether it’s safe to deploy their business
on cloud. The reason behind it; is nothing but Security. No cloud service provider provides 100% security
assurance to its customers and therefore, businesses are hesitant to accept cloud and the vast benefits that come
along with it. The absence of proper security controls delimits the benefits of cloud. In this paper, a review on
different cloud service models and a survey of the different security challenges and issues while providing
services in cloud is presented .The paper focuses on the security issues specific to service delivery model (SaaS,
IaaS and PaaS) of cloud environment. This paper also explores the various security solutions currently being
applied to protect cloud from various kinds of intruders.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE CLOUD VENDORS SERVICESijccsa
Cloud computing refers to a location that allows us to preserve our precious data and use computing and
networking services on a pay-as-you-go basis without the need for a physical infrastructure. Cloud
computing now provides us with powerful data processing and storage, exceptional availability and
security, rapid accessibility and adaption, ensured flexibility and interoperability, and time and cost
efficiency. Cloud computing offers three platforms (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) with unique capabilities that
promise to make it easier for a customer, organization, or trade to establish any type of IT business. We
compared a variety of cloud service characteristics in this article, following the comparing, it's
straightforward to pick a specific cloud service from the possible options by comparison with three chosen
cloud providers such as Amazon, Microsoft Azure, and Digital Ocean. By using findings of this study to not
only identify similarities and contrasts across various aspects of cloud computing, as well as to suggest
some areas for further study.
Assurance of Security and Privacy Requirements for Cloud Deployment ModelIJMTST Journal
Regardless of the few advantages of relocating endeavor basic resources for the Cloud, there are challenges particularly identified with security and protection. It is imperative that Cloud Users comprehend their security and protection needs, in light of their particular setting and select cloud show best fit to help these requirements. The writing gives works that attention on talking about security and protection issues for cloud frameworks yet such works don't give a nitty gritty methodological way to deal with evoke security and security necessities neither one of the to choose cloud arrangement models in view of fulfillment of these prerequisites by Cloud Service Providers. This work propels the present best in class towards this bearing. Specifically, we consider necessities designing ideas to inspire and dissect security and protection prerequisites and their related instruments utilizing an applied structure and an orderly procedure. The work presents confirmation as proof for fulfilling the security and protection necessities as far as culmination and reportable of security occurrence through review. This enables point of view cloud clients to characterize their confirmation prerequisites with the goal that proper cloud models can be chosen for a given setting. To exhibit our work, we display comes about because of a genuine contextual analysis in view of the Greek National Gazette.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Cloud Computing Security Issues and ChallengesCSCJournals
Cloud computing is a set of IT services that are provided to a customer over a network on a leased basis and with the ability to scale up or down their service requirements. Usually cloud computing services are delivered by a third party provider who owns the infrastructure. It advantages to mention but a few include scalability, resilience, flexibility, efficiency and outsourcing non-core activities. Cloud computing offers an innovative business model for organizations to adopt IT services without upfront investment. Despite the potential gains achieved from the cloud computing, the organizations are slow in accepting it due to security issues and challenges associated with it. Security is one of the major issues which hamper the growth of cloud. The idea of handing over important data to another company is worrisome; such that the consumers need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. This paper introduces a detailed analysis of the cloud computing security issues and challenges focusing on the cloud computing types and the service delivery types.
1Chapter Two Literature ReviewStudents NameName of theEttaBenton28
1
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Student's Name
Name of the Institution
Course Number and Name
Professor
Due Date
Privacy Issues in Multi-Tenant Cloud Computing
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Introduction
A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud. Multitenant involves different cloud computing clients using or transferring a single computing infrastructure. This arrangement exposes the clients who have agreed to various privacy issues relating to their data and information stored in the cloud (Al-Ruithe et al., 2018). Evidence indicates that some of the privacy issues involved in multitenant cloud computing include data leakage, data breach, and exposure of the private data relating to clients involved in the agreement. As the number of people using cloud computing balloon, privacy issues are becoming a significant problem for many consumers who use the same cloud computing architecture in a private or public setting. It is essential to define what multitenant cloud entails before developing a clear concept or problem that can be investigated. According to Park et al. (2018), "A multitenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that allows customers to share computing resources in a public or private cloud" (Park et al., 2018). Each tenant's data must be isolated in this cloud computing arrangement and cannot be accessed or seen by the partner tenant. However, the recent growth in technology has made data privacy in cloud computing challenges, posing a big problem to cloud computing providers.
The theoretical foundation for the current privacy issues in multitenant cloud computing is drawn from the study done by Park et al. (2018). According to Park et al. (2018), the most significant privacy issue in multitenant cloud computing is the lack of configurability. Configurability poses a colossal privacy issue in this infrastructure because the tenants have to share the same configuration. However, there is little evidence to provide this theory, and this study will play a significant role in contributing to this theoretical framework (Meng et al., 2021). The purpose of the current study is to investigate privacy and confidentiality issues in multi-tenancy cloud computing. Specifically, in this chapter, studies that have been done in the last five years focusing on this topic will be reviewed through a professional literature review.
Chapter Outline
The current chapter will be structured using headings and subheadings to ensure that each aspect is captured during the literature review. The study will be structured in 12 different sections, of which some may have sub-sections. The twelve sections in the current chapter will include introduction, chapter outline, search strategy, introduction to cloud computing, multi-tenancy cloud computing, and cloud computing deployment models. The other sections will consist of cloud computing service models, ...
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT A NEW CLOUD SECURITY METHOD BASED ON MULTI CLOUDS ON OPE...cscpconf
Deployment of using cloud services as a new approach to keep people's platforms, Infrastructure and applications has become an important issue in the world of communications technology. This is a very useful paradigm for humans to obtain their essential needs simpler, faster ,more flexible, and safer than before. But there are many concerns about this system challenge. Security is the most important challenge for cloud systems. In this paper we design and explain the procedure of implementation of a new method for cloud services based on multi clouds on our platform which supplies security and privacy more than other clouds. We introduce some confidentiality and security methods in each layer to have a secure access to requirements. The architecture of our method and the implementation of method on our selected platform for each layer are introduced in this paper.
Design and implement a new cloud security method based on multi clouds on ope...csandit
Deployment of using cloud services as a new approach to keep people's platforms,
Infrastructure and applications has become an important issue in the world of communications
technology. This is a very useful paradigm for humans to obtain their essential needs simpler,
faster ,more flexible, and safer than before. But there are many concerns about this system
challenge. Security is the most important challenge for cloud systems. In this paper we design
and explain the procedure of implementation of a new method for cloud services based on multi
clouds on our platform which supplies security and privacy more than other clouds. We
introduce some confidentiality and security methods in each layer to have a secure access to
requirements. The architecture of our method and the implementation of method on our selected
platform for each layer are introduced in this paper.
Cloud computing has changed the entire process that distributed computing used to present e.g. Grid
computing, server client computing. Cloud computing describes recent developments in many existing IT
technologies and separates application and information resources from the underlying infrastructure.
Cloud computing security is an important aspect of quality of service from cloud service providers.
Security concerns arise as soon as one begins to run applications beyond the designated firewall and move
closer towards the public domain. In violation of security in any component in the cloud can be disaster for
the organization (the customer) as well as for the provider. In this paper, we propose a cloud security
model and security framework that identifies security challenges in cloud computing.
Cloud computing has sweeping impact on the human productivity. Today it’s used for Computing, Storage, Predictions and Intelligent Decision Making, among others. Intelligent Decision-Making using Machine Learning has pushed for the Cloud Services to be even more fast, robust and accurate. Security remains one of the major concerns which affect the cloud computing growth however there exist various research challenges in cloud computing adoption such as lack of well managed service level agreement (SLA), frequent disconnections, resource scarcity, interoperability, privacy, and reliability. Tremendous amount of work still needs to be done to explore the security challenges arising due to widespread usage of cloud deployment using Containers. We also discuss Impact of Cloud Computing and Cloud Standards. Hence in this research paper, a detailed survey of cloud computing, concepts, architectural principles, key services, and implementation, design and deployment challenges of cloud computing are discussed in detail and important future research directions in the era of Machine Learning and Data Science have been identified.
The paradigm called “Cloud computing” acts as a mechanism for attaining the resources of shared technology and infrastructure cost-effectively. The on-demand services are accomplished to execute the various operations across the network. Regularly, the last client doesn't know about the area of open physical assets and devices. Developing, using, and dealing with their applications 'on the cloud', which includes virtualization of assets that keeps and guides itself are led by arranged activities to clients. Calculation experience the new methodology of cloud computing which perhaps keeps the world and can set up all the human necessities. At the end of the day, cloud computing is the ensuing normal step in the development of on-request data innovation administrations and items. The Cloud is an allegory for the Internet and is an idea for the secured confused foundation; it likewise relies upon drawing network graphs on a computer. In this work, thorough investigations of distributed computing security and protection concerns are given. The work distinguishes both the identified and unidentified attacks, vulnerabilities in the cloud, security attacks and also the solutions to control these threats and attacks. Moreover, the restrictions of the present solutions and offers various perceptions of security viewpoints are distinguished and explored. At long last, a cloud security system is given in which the different lines of protection and the reliance levels among them are identified.
Review the article by Peter Singer.Complete the followingRe.docxmichael591
Review the article by Peter Singer.
Complete the following:
Record and describe six of your initial impressions of the article in a journal format.
Identify and critically analyze the roots of these impressions, i.e., emotional, value based, or fact based. Record these as part of your journal notes.
Support your statements with examples and appropriate scholarly references.
You can use the Cornell Note-taking tools to complete this assignment. This tool has been widely used to systematically format and organize notes.
.
Review the accounting methods used by Dr. Lopez as illustrated in Ta.docxmichael591
Review the accounting methods used by Dr. Lopez as illustrated in Table 15–1 in this chapter. Contrast the profitability that Dr. Lopez faces by using the cash basis of accounting with the profitability he faces by using the accrual basis of accounting for the month of July. What if Dr. Lopez did not accept third-party insurance and required all patients to pay at the time of service? Would there be any difference between the cash basis and accrual basis of accounting? Why or why not?
Your response should be 200-250 words. You will need to cite two reputable sources.
.
Review the 12 principles presented by Hardina et al. in the sectio.docxmichael591
Review
the 12 principles presented by Hardina et al. in the section titled “Humans Service Organizations and Empowerment” in Ch. 4 of
Management of Human Service Programs
. Additional resources may be used.
Discuss
the principles that characterize an empowerment approach to social service management.
Evaluate
how you might apply these principles to the developmental processes of your own dream human service organization.
Write
a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper that applies the principles presented by Hardina et al. to your dream human service organization. Specifically, address the following:
How clients will be included in the organizational decision-making processes
How your dream agency will decrease a sense of powerlessness among consumers and increase access and quality of services for clientele
The measures your dream human service agency will take to ensure diverse cross-cultural needs are met
Consider the following areas of diversity: socioeconomic background, culture, age, gender, sexual identity, spirituality, disability, and other unique differences.
The ideological belief systems of a manager who espouses empowerment for the overall agency, staff members, and clientele
How the concepts of team building and collaboration are met within the organization
The strategies for consistent evaluation of organizational efficacy that includes strategic feedback from clients, community constituency groups, and staff members within the agency
Format
your report consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Review the 10 provided articles then write 3-4 pages to explore .docxmichael591
Review the 10 provided articles then write 3-4 pages to explore the impact of simulation on team training.
Categorize the findings to themes e.g. Leadership, communication, patient safety, situational awareness, mutual support, participant attitude, confidence etc...
cite information in APA 7th edition
.
Review syllabus for further instruction.Issue C.docxmichael591
Review syllabus for further instruction.
Issue C
In a time when most of society sees women achieving equal status and treatment as men in many areas, why does society (justice system, media, communities) treat female sexual offenders differently than male sexual offenders? What basis is there in the law to consider gender when contemplating how an offender is treated?
Explain with specificity and example.
.
Review Questions1. What is liver mortis How might this reveal.docxmichael591
Review Questions
1.
What is liver mortis? How might this reveal information about the time of death?
2.
What three aspects does a forensic autopsy seek information about? Describe each of these aspects?
3.
How can digestion rates give information to forensic scientists about the time of death?
4.
What is mummification?
5.
How can human bones give forensic scientists an indication of age? Describe some of the aspects that would give this information.
Critical Thinking Questions
1.
Imagine that you are at a crime scene. You find skeletal remains, but the skeleton is not complete as some of the smaller bones are missing. The bones are within a twenty feet radius. Based on this information, what would you be able to ascertain about the time of death and the individual who was killed?
2.
Out of the different methods to help determine the time of death, which one do you think is most effective? Why?
3.
Do you think you would like to participate in an autopsy? Why or why not?
4.
If you were a forensic anthropologist and were studying human remains, what information would you look for in the bones? Why would this information be helpful?
5.
What can the distribution of bones tell a forensic scientist? What do you think would be the most challenging aspect of collecting skeletal remains at a crime scene?
.
Review Questions1. What is physical evidence Provide at least.docxmichael591
Review Questions
1.
What is physical evidence? Provide at least three examples in your answer.
2.
Describe three ways that a crime scene can be recorded. What is a benefit of each?
3.
What is a chain of custody? Why is it important?
4.
What three types of photographs are taken at crime scenes? Describe each type?
5.
Why is it important to record the crime scene?
Critical Thinking Questions
1.
Why is it important to secure the crime scene? What do you think would be the most difficult part of doing this?
2.
What type of recording do you think would be the most useful to crime investigators? Why?
3.
What do you think would be the best method of submitting evidence to a crime lab? Why?
4.
What type of evidence do you think would be most difficult to collect? Why?
5.
What does the Fourth Amendment protect against? Do you agree with these restrictions on collecting evidence? Why or why not?
.
Review Questions1. What are the four types of evidence in a cr.docxmichael591
Review Questions
1.
What are the four types of evidence in a criminal investigation?
2.
What are individual characteristics? Give an example of an individual characteristic?
3.
What is the difference between individual characteristics and class characteristics?
4.
What are physical and chemical properties? Give an example of each.
5.
What do forensic scientists do to collect and preserve soil samples?
Critical Thinking Questions
1.
Why do you think forensic scientists are so careful that the tests they do are sensitive, reproducible, and specific? What might happen if they were less careful about this?
2.
Which type of evidence do you think is most useful in an investigation? Why?
3.
Why do you think that forensic scientists continue to look for class characteristics given their limitations?
4.
What do you think would be some of the challenges in collecting and preserving impressions? Why?
5.
If you were on a jury, do you think you would expect individual characteristics in the evidence? Why or why not? What effects might it have if individuals expect to have individuals characteristics presented?
.
Review several of your peers’ posts. Respond to two peers who did no.docxmichael591
Review several of your peers’ posts. Respond to two peers who did not choose the same tool as you.
JOHNNY'S POST:
Select one of the following tools:
Cummings and Worley’s five dimensions of leading and managing change.
Explain how a leader could use this tool in guiding an organizational change.
I believe all leaders could help their organization by learning the five dimensions of leading and managing effective change. As stated in the text, 2016, “Those dimensions include motivating change, creating a vision, developing political support, managing the transition, and sustaining momentum.” (Ch 3.2, Para 20). All five of these dimensions are essential for a business that is going through an organizational change.
As a company evolves and expands over time there will be a time where the leaders of the company will have to implement change to stay effective and up to date. The first step of motivating change is very important because people generally reject change. Leaders must motivate the change otherwise the employee’s will not buy into the concept. Creating a vision helps the company understand what their goals are. Without establishing a vision, it would be impossible for people to know what the goals for the company are. This would lead to confusion and most likely low morale. Political support helps the new change become accepted. If there is a lack of support the new change could fail to gain momentum. The transition of change will not happen overnight. I believe the final two dimensions are often overlooked and not implemented in many companies. If the momentum is not sustained most people will fall back into old habits. It's important that leaders periodically check up on progress and reassure its employee’s that the change is working.
Reference:
Weiss, J. W. (2016).
Organizational change
(2nd ed.). Retrieved from
https://content.ashford.edu/ (Links to an external site.)
SARA'S POST:
Hey Class,
Per Weiss (2016), Cummings and Worley's five dimensions of leading and managing change provide companies reliable guidance and direction for taking steps toward organizational change. These dimensions, motivating change, creating a vision, developing political support, managing the transition, and sustaining momentum, are easy to understand and, if followed correctly, will assist in a smooth transition in what could serve as an otherwise chaotic period (Weiss, 2016).
Motivating Change
I appreciate that Weiss (2016) acknowledges that many people are resistant to change. Often, when employees or stakeholders initially learn about upcoming changes, their first reaction is one of hesitation and insecurity. Employers should offer buy-in to a new direction. Offer a compelling reason for the change, proving the move is positive and beneficial. A one-on-one conversation with employees will provide a sense of security and personalize how the change will impact their position.
Creating a Vision
Many ar.
Review Robin Hood,” in Chapter 5 of Managing the Public Secto.docxmichael591
Review “Robin Hood,” in Chapter 5 of
Managing the Public Sector
.
The story stated that the source of revenue (the rich) was dwindling because the rich were avoiding the forest. Robin considered increasing revenue by assessing a fixed transit tax.
Recommend a contingency plan to increase revenue that would allow Robin Hood to stay true to his mission. Comment on the use and importance of contingency plans by public administrators. Provide an example to illustrate.
.
Review materials and topics are attached、The deadline is 11.docxmichael591
Review materials and topics are attached、
The deadline is 11:00 am Washington time, July 24
Please scan and send it to me in PDF
Edit question's body
it quite urgent. plz check first, make sure u.can handle it. and get less get grade B
.
Review Questions1. What are the three types of fingerprints fo.docxmichael591
Review Questions
1.
What are the three types of fingerprints found in the human population? How often does each occur?
2.
What is a medulla? What do forensic scientists use this for?
3.
What is a precipitin test? What is it used for?
4.
What makes fingerprints individual? How do scientists match a fingerprint to a specific person?
5.
How are fingerprints discovered at crime scenes?
Critical Thinking Questions
1.
Of the three types of physical evidence discussed in this unit, which one do you think you would be most interested in working with in an investigation? Why?
2.
What do you think would be the most challenging aspect of collecting and analyzing hair samples? Why?
3.
Why do you think forensic scientists study bloodstain patterns? What can be learned from them?
4.
Out of the types of evidence discussed in this unit, which one do you think is the most important piece of evidence? Why?
5.
Why was the bite mark evidence so important in the Bundy case? If the case happened today, do you think investigators would have more information to work with?
.
Review several of your classmates’ posts. Provide a substantive .docxmichael591
Review several of your classmates’ posts. Provide a substantive response to at least two of your peers in a minimum of 300 words (each reply), by Day 7 (Monday). Based on your understanding of the reading, add important information to the conversation.
How are your experiences similar to or different than those offered by your peers?
How might damage to different parts of the brain impact various processes related to sensation and perception?
Can you offer additional examples of social or cultural differences in childrearing that might impact outcomes?
Peer 1 (Jennie):
Sensation and perception both play a significant role in the sensory of how our brain functions. Perception is the way individuals see things or situations. Viewpoints may vary based on several things, including one’s environment, culture, traditions, and senses. That is when sensations come into play; seeing, touching, hearing, tasting, and feeling are all part of our sensory system. As mentioned by LeFrançois (2020), “Strictly speaking,
sensation
is the immediate response of our senses to sensory stimulation;
perception
is the brain’s interpretation of the signals it receives from its various sensory systems” (chapter 3.1).
Human development includes a variety other than just genes and science. Erik Erikson is a psychologist who has been examining the interaction between genes (nature) and environment (nurture). Different backgrounds impact nutrition and physical development because not every child is raised in similar homes. One household can have customs of bike riding every night and include full servings of vegetables in every meal. Another house might have movie night along with a full bar of snacks and treats on the daily. The nutritional and physical development of the children in each household will be different because of the home environment. Social development is affected by childcare arrangements, culture, and traditions of the parents. The movie
Babies
[Streaming video], demonstrates how culture is a part of this development and precisely how nurture is the primary variable. When it comes to parenting styles and emotional development, the main thing to consider is the parent’s childhood. There are four categories into which parents fall under, each one having a different impact on how children emotionally develop. The different styles are; autonomous, usually, have securely attached children. There is dismissing and preoccupied parents, who typically have insecurely attached children, and unresolved who likely manifest disorganized-disoriented attachment. This development is influenced by both nature and nurture but develops positively or negatively depending on the child’s environment.
The relationship between perception and development is affected by one’s environment, family beliefs, and the way they demonstrate affection. As mentioned in the
Parental ethnotheories of children’s learning
(2010) book, “Features of childhood such as the lon.
Review Public Relations and Social Media Deliberate or Creative S.docxmichael591
Review
Public Relations and Social Media: Deliberate or Creative Strategic Planning
. After reading this article and identifying challenges associated with social media, discuss how organizations can use social media to effectively communicate with internal and external target audiences. Reflect on your own professional experience with social media, and consider the following questions in your response:
How can organizations build trust through social media, both internally and externally?
How can social media be used to address public relations issues?
How can social media be used to support the culture, strategic vision, values, and/or mission of the organization?
.
Review Doing the Right Thing,” in Chapter 5 of Managing the P.docxmichael591
Review “Doing the Right Thing,” in Chapter 5 of
Managing the Public Sector
.
A partial list of large-scale governmental planning activities would have to include at least the following:
Planning for the conservation and use of natural resources.
City planning.
Planning for full employment.
Planning for personal and family security.
Planning for agriculture.
Planning for the improvement of government organization.
Provide one example from the case that addresses one of the planning activities.
Review “Robin Hood,” in Chapter 5 of
Managing the Public Sector
.
The story stated that the source of revenue (the rich) was dwindling because the rich were avoiding the forest. Robin considered increasing revenue by assessing a fixed transit tax.
Recommend a contingency plan to increase revenue that would allow Robin Hood to stay true to his mission. Comment on the use and importance of contingency plans by public administrators. Provide an example to illustrate.
.
Review Questions1. What is DNA Where is it found2. Wha.docxmichael591
Review Questions
1.
What is DNA? Where is it found?
2.
What is mitochondrial DNA?
3.
What is CODIS? How does it work?
4.
What are complimentary base patterns? Why are they important?
5.
What is RFLP? What are some of the limitations of this technique?
Critical Thinking Questions
1.
Why do you think DNA has had such an impact on forensic science?
2.
What do you think would be some of the challenges in collecting DNA evidence? How would you overcome these challenges?
3.
Compare and contrast nuclear DNA with mitochondrial DNA. Which one would you want to use in a criminal investigation if you had the choice?
4.
Which of the DNA typing techniques do you think you would choose if you had to analyze a DNA sample? Why?
5.
What challenges do you think giving expert testimony about DNA would have? How would you try to overcome these challenges?
.
Review Public Relations and Social Media Deliberate or Creati.docxmichael591
Review
Public Relations and Social Media: Deliberate or Creative Strategic Planning
. After reading this article and identifying challenges associated with social media, discuss how organizations can use social media to effectively communicate with internal and external target audiences. Reflect on your own professional experience with social media, and consider the following questions in your response:
How can organizations build trust through social media, both internally and externally?
How can social media be used to address public relations issues?
How can social media be used to support the culture, strategic vision, values, and/or mission of the organization?
.
Review in 400 words or more the video above called Cloud Security My.docxmichael591
Review in 400 words or more the video above called Cloud Security Myths.
Use at least three sources. Include at least 3 quotes from your sources enclosed in quotation marks and cited in-line by reference to your reference list. Example: "words you copied" (citation) These quotes should be one full sentence not altered or paraphrased. Cite your sources.
Stand alone quotes will not count toward the 3 required quotes.
Write in essay format not in bulleted, numbered or other list format.
.
Review of a Bill AssignmentState FloridaSelect an active bil.docxmichael591
Review of a Bill Assignment
State Florida
Select an active bill at the state or federal level that impacts the professional practice of nursing. In a 4 pages paper (excluding the title and reference pages), summarize the provisions of the bill and clearly explain what the bill will accomplish. The paper should be no more than 4 pages, typed in Times New Roman using 12-point font, and double-spaced with 1" margins.
Your review of a bill paper should:
Discuss the major provisions of the bill.
Demonstrate an in-depth understanding of the legislation by explaining the background and all relevant facts.
Discuss any relevant history related to the legislation, pertinent votes, and issues that are stalling the legislation, etc.
Use primary sources for this information.
Identify key supporters and those who do not support the bill. Explain why some of these individuals support the bill and why some do not.
Explore the positions of the key stakeholders in the bill, both pros and cons. Do not make assumptions about potential key stakeholders. Examine this area carefully so you are correctly reflecting the stakeholders positions.
Discuss how the bill would impact a nurse’s ability to provide safe and quality care or to practice to the highest scope of the nursing license.
Explain specific actions that nurses can take to assist with the passage or defeat of the legislation
Use each bulletin as a heading
Use APA format, headings and references as appropriate.
.
Review other posts submitted by your classmates. In your responses, .docxmichael591
Review other posts submitted by your classmates. In your responses, respectfully disagree with the conclusions drawn by the original posters. What factors did you weigh differently than the original poster and why? What strikes you as particularly persuasive regarding when governments should retain or outsource accreditation?
Response post #1
Savannah Ventura
Accreditation is a comprehensive evaluation process in which a health care organization’s systems, processes, and performance are examined by an impartial, external organization to ensure that it is conducting business in a manner that meets predetermined criteria and is consistent with national standards (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2017). The various organizations in the United States that perform accreditation establish standards for healthcare delivery. These agencies, such as the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAD), The Joint Commission, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), to name a few, play essential roles in ensuring the quality of healthcare. Accreditation programs with meaningful quality measures help foster continuous quality improvement by health plans and are a necessary complement to rigorous state and federal regulation of health plans (Wickersham & Basey, 2016).
Accreditation bodies or entities evaluate and rate a wide variety of health care organizations, including care management companies, health insurance plans, pharmacy benefit managers, utilization review organizations, wellness organizations, and other health vendors, both in the commercial sphere and through government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid (Dunlap et al., 2016). Within the ACA, accreditation serves as a recognized component to states and state legislators to implement health reform and address health care issues. Many state laws already include accreditation standards for health care management, health care operations, and health information technology and pharmacy quality management activities as a quality assurance tool (Bauchner, Fontanarosa, & Thompson, 2015).
Later, for hospitals and other health care institutions, the federal government and states used private accreditation as evidence of compliance with Medicare conditions of participation and state licensure laws, respectively. In so doing, the government effectively delegated regulatory responsibility for assuring that health care institutions meet the requisite quality standards for participation in their respective programs. When government relies on private accreditors to perform this vital function, questions arise about whether all the legitimate interests of the public served by public health insurance programs are adequately protected and promoted (Bauchner et al., 2015).
By outsourcing, hospitals and health systems can alleviate the numerous, complex responsibilities of an understaffed, unqualified internal department. Instead, they can entrust the credentialing and privileging tasks to a qualified .
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Review of Business Information Systems – Fourth Quarter 2013 V.docx
1. Review of Business Information Systems – Fourth Quarter 2013
Volume 17, Number 4
2013 The Clute Institute Copyright by author(s) Creative
Commons License CC-BY 159
Dimensions Of Security Threats In Cloud
Computing: A Case Study
Mathew Nicho, University of Dubai, UAE
Mahmoud Hendy, University of Dubai, UAE
ABSTRACT
Even though cloud computing, as a model, is not new,
organizations are increasingly
implementing it because of its large-scale computation and data
storage, flexible scalability,
relative reliability, and cost economy of services. However,
despite its rapid adoption in some
sectors and domains, it is evident from research and statistics,
that security-related threats are the
most noticeable barrier to its widespread adoption. To
investigate the reasons behind these
2. threats, the authors used available literature to identify and
aggregate information about IS
security threats in cloud computing. Based on this information,
the authors explored the
dimensions of the nature of threat by interviewing a cloud
computing practitioner in an
organization that uses both the private and public cloud
deployment models. From these findings,
the authors found that IS security threats in cloud computing
must be defined at different levels;
namely, at the business and technical level, as well as from a
generic and cloud-specific threat
perspective. Based on their findings, the authors developed the
Cloud Computing Threat Matrix
(CCTM) which provides a two-dimensional definition of threat
that enables cloud users to fully
comprehend the concerns so that they can make relevant
decisions while availing cloud computing
services.
Keywords: Cloud Computing; Security; Cloud Security Issues
Taxonomy; Threat Matrix
3. INTRODUCTION
ecause a cloud is a collection of inter-connected and virtualized
computers (Buyya et al., 2008), the
main enabling technology for cloud computing is virtualization.
The basic concept of cloud is based
on the premise that instead of having selected information
systems (IS) resources, such as software
and data stored locally on a user’s or organization’s computer
systems, these resources can be stored on Internet
servers, called “clouds,” and accessed anytime, anywhere as a
paid service on the Internet. Cloud computing has the
potential to bring significant benefits to small- and medium-
sized businesses by reducing the costs of investment in
information communication technology (ICT) infrastructure
because it enables the use of services, such as
computation, software, data access, and storage by end-users,
without the need to know the physical location and
configuration of the system that delivers the services (Mujinga
& Chipangura, 2011). However, it has been stated
that organizations adopt cloud computing projects and systems
cautiously while maximizing benefits and
minimizing risks (Lawler, Joseph, & Howell-Barber, 2012).
Cloud computing is expected to play a vital role in
4. reshaping the enterprise architecture and transitioning it toward
a service-oriented architecture (SOA) which
provides a convenient way of deploying software as a service
using web technology (Pathak et al., 2012). Although
this provides new opportunities for cloud computing, such as
virtualization, vendor flexibility, elasticity
(scalability), and cost economies (Srinivasamurthy & Liu,
2010), it also exposes a lot of issues and challenges.
According to numerous studies (Shen & Tong, 2010a; Wood,
2012) and statistical surveys by academia and
professionals, a serious challenge exists in the security of cloud
systems.
Cloud computing is a very complex model and, as such,
different perspectives of security issues exist.
Researchers believe that if the dimensions of security issues are
identified, then mitigation of these threats at
different levels will lead to safer and greater adoption of the
cloud. This paper is positioned from both a
technological and a business perspective, focusing on cloud
security issues (see Table 1).
B
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Table 1: Classification of Topics in Cloud Computing (Yang &
Tate, 2012)
The next section discusses the different perspectives of cloud
computing, followed by the identification and
aggregation of reported security issues. The final section
presents an analysis of the results of the case study,
followed by a presentation of dimensions of the IS security
cloud model.
PERSPECTIVES ON CLOUD COMPUTING
Although academia and practitioners agree on the core concept
of cloud computing, the term has been
defined from different perspectives. Cloud computing has been
defined as an on-demand access model of delivering
hardware and software as services over the Internet in different
ways of deployment models and service models
(Srinivasamurthy & Liu, 2010). According to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), cloud
computing is defined as the management and provision of
resources, software, applications, and information as
6. services over the cloud (Internet) on-demand (Mell & Grance,
2009). NIST’s definition of cloud computing further
classifies it as having five essential characteristics, three
service models, and four deployment models.
-demand self-service, broad
network access, resource pooling, rapid
elasticity, and measured service
e (SaaS), platform as a
service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service
(IaaS)
cloud
Depending on the relationship between the provider and the
consumer, the cloud platform can be deployed
on the basis of four models; namely, private, public,
community, and hybrid cloud (Dillon, Wu, & Chang, 2010a;
Mell & Grance, 2009; Yang & Tate, 2012). In this respect, a
private cloud is owned by a single organization or
entity, whereas in a public cloud, the provider owns the
infrastructure and the consumers pay for the services. On the
other hand, a community cloud is a collaborative effort in which
the infrastructure is shared between several
organizations from a specific community and a hybrid cloud is a
7. combination of different cloud infrastructure
models. Although the deployment model differentiates the types
of cloud infrastructures, the services they provide
can be categorized as SaaS, PaaS, data storage as a service
(DaaS), and IaaS. In SaaS, the consumers host their
applications on the cloud; in PaaS, the consumers can develop
their own applications; in DaaS, the consumers store
the data on the cloud; and in IaaS, the consumers use the entire
IT. In this paper, the authors examine the issues
related to the cloud deployment model and the services, in
general. Although these two dimensions of the cloud
have been effective for classifying the cloud computing model,
in general, Craig-Wood (2010) added another
dimension (essential characteristics) and integrated these three
to provide a three-dimensional view.
Another definition by Mansukhani and Zia (2011) describes
cloud computing as a method for delivering
information services that provides flexible use of servers,
scalability, and management services, along with a unique
combination of capabilities that include scalable and dynamic
infrastructure, global/remote access, precision usage
controls and pricing, and standard platform and support
services, IT, and management. The three definitions thus
8. present the core concept of cloud computing, which is to
provide access to relevant components of IS with value-
added features over the Internet for public or private use.
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Issues in Cloud Computing
Statistical Trends
While there is a growing tendency toward the adoption of cloud
computing by organizations, statistical
analyses (Figure 1) of the challenges show an alarming trend in
terms of security. International Data Corporation
conducted a study of 244 IT executives, and out of the nine
points raised, security was highlighted as the most
serious concern by approximately 87.5% of the respondents
(Balding, 2009).
9. Figure 1: Challenges and Issues in Adopting Cloud Computing
(Balding, 2009)
The results reveal that correspondingly, these respondents look
for security attributes while choosing a
cloud environment. This was substantiated by another survey
(Figure 2) which reported that security was the most
critical attribute that customers look for before choosing cloud
computing.
Figure 2: Attributes Respondents Look For in A Cloud Provider
(Wipro Technologies, 2012)
Examining the specifics of security in cloud computing, a
survey by Sophos Security revealed that
attackers extended their reach to more platforms, from social
networks and cloud services to Android-based mobile
devices (Sophos Ltd., 2013). A Cisco survey, which included
1,300 IT professionals in 13 countries concerning
challenges in adopting cloud computing, stated that during the
cloud migration process, data protection security
(72%) was cited as the most challenging obstacle to a successful
implementation, followed by the availability and
reliability of cloud applications (67%), device-based security
10. (66%), visibility and control of applications across the
wide area network (WAN) (60%), and overall application
performance (60%) (Cicso, 2012). The survey also
reported that if given the choice of only being able to move one
application to the cloud, most respondents would
choose storage, followed by Enterprise Resource Planning
(comprising of applications to manage human resources
(HR), customer relationship management, supply chain
management, and project management systems), email and
collaboration solutions (Figure 3). From the statistical analyses,
the authors can observe that security is the most
critical feature/attribute among other attributes in adapting
cloud computing.
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Figure 3: Services Accessed by Cloud Users (Cicso, 2012)
IS Security Issues in the Cloud
Statistical analyses present the magnitude of threats. In this
section, the authors explore this further to
11. determine the specific nature of threats facing organizations
that migrate to the cloud. The authors have stated that
cost-effectiveness offered by cloud computing has led to a
growth in cloud interest, but data security remains the
main concern (Mujinga & Chipangura, 2011). The virtualized
architecture of cloud computing offers various
benefits to the cloud user, but because the security of the cloud
is a shared responsibility between the cloud user and
the cloud provider (Mansukhani & Zia, 2011), security issues
can originate from the cloud user or the provider. In
this paper, the authors describe their research on the security
issues facing the cloud user from the cloud provider.
To focus further on the nature of security issues in cloud
computing, when the NIST definition of cloud computing
was analyzed, it was found that a public cloud is the
predominant cloud computing deployment model (Dillon, Wu,
& Chang, 2010b).
Security in the cloud has become a critical issue because of the
widespread usage of distributed systems
and network computing (Shen & Tong, 2010b). Hence, security
in the cloud environment emerged as the most
significant barrier to faster and more widespread adoption of
cloud computing (Chen, Paxson, & Katz, 2010). IS
12. security issues and threats in cloud computing have been
researched from various perspectives. Srinivasamurthy and
Liu (2010) listed the top seven security threats and Subashini
and Kavitha (2011) examined the security issues from
a cloud platform perspective (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS). Zissis and
Lekkas (2012) classified the threats from the
perspectives of service-level, user, and security requirements.
Ramgovind, Eloff, and Smith (2010) looked at the
different types of concerns from a requirements perspective;
namely; risk assessment, IS requirements, policies and
guidelines, service-level agreements (SLAs), data protection,
governance, monitor, and control. To view the threats
from a broader perspective, the authors aggregated and
identified 41 threats facing cloud users (see Table 2) to
provide a more comprehensive view of cloud security.
Even though the numerous issues in cloud computing have been
researched from various perspectives, a
precise definition of threats is lacking in this domain, thus
making it difficult for practitioners to focus on the exact
nature of these threats. The listed threats include various
combinations such as vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection
flaws, access control weakness), generic threats (e.g., natural
disasters, misuse of infrastructure), and technical
13. threats (e.g., cookie manipulation, hidden field manipulation).
Hence, a meaningful overview of threats is required
to classify threats specific to the different dimensions of cloud
computing. For example, if the authors take the cloud
deployment model, the nature and gravity of threats differ
between the various cloud deployment and service
models, as there are several critical security challenges for the
commercial public cloud (Ren, Wang, & Wang,
2012). Furthermore, a public cloud poses a major risk, whereas
a private cloud seems to have lesser impact
(Subashini & Kavitha, 2011). Likewise, the service models
(SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) also place a different level of
security requirement in the cloud environment (ibid).
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Table 2: IS Security Threats in the Cloud Computing Domain
Cloud computing has been classified on the basis of research
(Yang & Tate, 2012) and definition (Mell &
14. Grance, 2009). From a security perspective, cloud computing
has been classified on the basis of service model, user,
and security requirements (Zissis and Lekkas, 2012), and
Subashini and Kavitha (2011) provided a two-dimensional
complexity of security in cloud environment. Therefore,
because of the limited research in classifying cloud security
issues, a comprehensive classification of the type of cloud
security threats based on deployment and service level
models is lacking. The predominance of security issues in cloud
computing, coupled with the lack of categorization
of these issues, directs us to the exploratory research question,
What are the different dimensions of IS security
threats in cloud computing?
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study is exploratory in nature and, as such, the authors
chose a case study research approach.
Furthermore, a case study is regarded as a “common way to do
15. qualitative enquiry” (Stake, 2003, p. 443) and
“investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life
context, especially when the boundaries between
phenomenon and context are not clearly evident” (Yin, 1994, p.
13). Because the listed threats may not be
comprehensive and need to be explored further, it was deemed
imperative to conduct exploratory research through
interviews. In addition, to appropriately define these threats,
they must be correlated into their respective categories.
This necessitates delving deep into this domain, thus justifying
the chosen methodology. In order to explore these
issues further and to map the issues into their respective
categories to validate the taxonomy, the authors decided to
conduct an interview with an IT manager who handles cloud
computing in an organization.
ANALYSIS
Organizations that use any two of the cloud deployment models
were sourced and contacted. Out of the few
organizations contacted, only one organization agreed to the
request for an interview. It is a media company in the
United Arab Emirates that utilizes both a private and a public
cloud for its IS requirements. Regarding the
16. company’s IT infrastructure, 70% of its servers are virtualized.
The respondent is the IT Manager of the
organization. He is an ISO 27000, ISO 20000, and ISO 22301
Certified Lead Auditor. He is also an ITIL Expert,
with CGEIT Certification, IT Governance Certified in COBIT
4.1, a Cloud Computing Associate, and TOGAF 9.1
professional with 23 years of experience in the IT industry.
Because he deals with the cloud service, the authors
found it appropriate to interview him. The respondent was
shown the 41 threats and was asked to comment on the
nature and dimensions of threats that his company faces in
cloud computing. The responses were digitally recorded
and transcribed and exported into NVIVO and the nodes were
extracted on the basis of existing and new themes.
From the analysis of the nodes, the following major themes
emerged:
puting
—technical perspective
17. —business perspective
Drivers for Cloud Computing
There are major drivers for the company to choose cloud
computing. It deploys and uses both a public and
a private cloud. For the private cloud, the two major drivers
were to improve business continuity for which they
have a target of 99.99% (which is independent of the hardware)
and to reduce the operational cost by utilizing the
disaster recovery site.
For the public cloud, which is hosted outside the country, the
major drivers were the high bandwidth
available from the external service provider and the huge
amount of audio and video data (being a media company)
that needs to be accessed. The company uses SaaS service for
live streaming and for the video-on-demand portal,
because the local internet service provider cannot support the
high bandwidth. Hence, here the use of a public cloud
is out of necessity rather than choice.
Definition of Threat
18. The respondent stated that IT personnel tend to look into threats
from “different points of view” because of
the different perspectives of the definition of threats and, thus,
they tend to highly disagree on the number of existing
threats (commonalities). In addition, he mentioned that the
threats, vulnerabilities and risks, do not exist in siloes but
overlap with each other, and currently there is no common
agreement on what is regarded as threats in cloud
computing.
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According to the respondent, the differing points of views are
due to the vulnerabilities and risks (referring
to the listed threats). He also stated that these threats need to be
specified to better understand their nature and,
consequently, redefine the threat paradigm.
NIST Classification of Cloud Computing
According to the respondent, threats in cloud computing cannot
19. be classified according to the service or
deployment model because categorizing threats on the basis of
SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS is not relevant. Hence, the threats
need to be looked at from a business or customer perspective
rather than the technology used. The cloud itself is
defined as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS, because there are public,
private, hybrid, and community deployment models. It is
very difficult to classify threats according to these service
levels and deployment models because, in a single cloud
environment, you might have a PaaS, with a private deployment
model with a partial public environment, and
accordingly it might be considered as hybrid. Therefore, threats
overlap within these levels and models.
cloud deployment model, the respondent
stated that he only considers a public and private cloud when it
comes to security because a hybrid and
community cloud has elements of both a public and private
cloud and the inclusion of a hybrid and
community cloud may distort the classification. Technically
speaking, “There is nothing called hybrid
cloud as it is a combination”, and for a community cloud, the
only factor is the “type of community, and
this does not make it technically different for threat
20. perspective.”
this case, organizations that avail of cloud
service) do not care whether it is Saas, PaaS, or IaaS or private
or public because as a customer, they look
at security and not technology, as each vendor will have its own
types of threats. According to the
respondent, categorizing threats on the basis of SaaS, PaaS, or
IaaS is not relevant because the threats need
to be perceived from a business or customer perspective, rather
than a technology perspective.
Process of Analyzing IS Security Cloud Issues
The respondent suggested that the process of cloud computing
threat analysis (Figure 4) has six stages. The
first considers the requirements in terms of the cloud service in
which the company has to decide the nature of the
service it requires from the cloud. Second, the company must
examine the cloud offering and match the requirement
with the offering. The third stage involves undertaking a
business impact analysis study because the business impact
and risk assessment mechanisms are highly considered in the
case of the cloud concept. The fourth stage is the risk
analysis which involves a series of substeps; namely,
21. identifying the assets/services, differentiating/categorizing the
assets from the business perspective, valuation of the assets,
and linking these to the infrastructure. The fifth stage
involves exploring the vulnerabilities, which subsequently aids
in identifying the threats (sixth stage).
Figure 4: Process of Identifying Threats in Cloud Computing
Threats Identified from the Literature
Regarding the threats sourced from the literature, the
respondent believes that there is no agreement on the
definition of threats. He also thinks the list is not specific where
some vulnerabilities and risks have been identified
as threats. In addition, he believes the threats need to be more
defined from a contextual perspective. The respondent
does not agree on the listed threats, as he stated that the threat
is much more than those listed in the literature and it
is not feasible to list all the threats.
Services from
cloud
Cloud options
Business
impact
22. analysis
Risk
assessment
Exploring
vulnerabilities
Identifying
the threats
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Threats in Cloud Computing—Technical Perspective
Regarding the technical threats, the respondent stated that the
list was not sufficiently exhaustive, and if he
were to consider all of the risks, threats, and vulnerabilities
from a technical perspective, he could probably add
approximately 500 different items. The respondent also stated
that some threats are common to all public and online
services, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks
and thus, they are not specific only to the cloud.
Hence, some of the identified threats are not specific to cloud
computing. In addition, he believes that a more
23. generic term needs to be used for DDoS in a cloud environment,
which is ‘service discontinuity’ because this term
will have much more vulnerabilities than DoS. According to
him, “For example, there are more than ten types of
DDoS attacks and you do not want to go deep into that and your
job is to make sure the continuity of the
connection”, which is defining threat from a business
perspective. Illustrating the case of a SQL injection attack, he
said that he “may not have a SQL server on the cloud or the
database at all, on that particular service that I am
having on the cloud.” Moreover, DDoS attacks are common to
all public and online services, and thus, they are not
specific to the cloud only. Therefore, the types of threats in
cloud computing need to be redefined because the above
41 threats are not the concern of the company, but to the cloud
service provider.
Regarding preventing the listed threats, the respondent
suggested three options to reduce the threats:
mmunication and
hardware
24. private cloud security
Threats in Cloud Computing—Business Perspective
According to the respondent, the threats have to be considered
from the business perspective because it is
driven by business requirements as new threats in cloud
computing emerge when viewed from a business
perspective. Moreover, there are situations where the threat
from an IT perspective is not regarded as a threat from a
business perspective. Considering threats from a business
perspective is more important than the technical
perspective because if a company selects a vendor to provide a
cloud service (SaaS—public cloud), it will be more
concerned about the vendor reputation, the business model it
uses, the revenue, and continuity in the business, rather
than the technical issues. When the threats are viewed from the
business perspective of the organization, this focuses
the threats from the business impact analysis from which the
company drives its priorities, which eventually give
rise to the risks assessment and then the threats. Some of the
threats from a business perspective are explained below
equipment where the respondent said that the
25. location of the datacenter needs risk assessment where the
vulnerabilities have to be identified to arrive at
the threats. In the case of Japan, the threat is natural disaster
(earthquake), whereas in India, Europe, or
other countries/areas, the local competitor can use the cloud
with the same provider who also provides
cloud services for a UAE company and that leads to threat of a
cloud provider insider to manipulate the
data or steal it in favor of the competitor.
this is the core basis of a virtual service.
Moreover, if one considers a threat, such as a DDoS attack, in a
cloud environment, the more generic term
is service discontinuity, because this term will encompass more
vulnerabilities than DoS. This is because
there are more than ten types of DDoS attacks and it makes no
sense to analyze the nature of DDoS attack,
as the IT manager’s job is to ensure continuity of the
connection. This again is defining threat from a
business perspective.
while choosing the bandwidth, which will affect
the service response in the cloud environment.
e: Company profile
of the vendor is an important aspect. For
26. example, if a company links with a specific vendor—a small
cloud provider—and eventually if it is going
to be acquired by another company, then the company profile
will be a major aspect to consider. Also
important is the continuity of the service. For example, the
respondent said that when his company
develops its own applications on certain platforms (PaaS), and
if it builds its business applications on
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Sharepoint, then the business profile of Microsoft is of much
concern. If the company changes the platform,
it is more concerned about the risk of losing certain features
that it is currently using.
uses the email service with Google (to reduce
the cost) and in the future considers the information in emails
as very sensitive, then cost will become
secondary because the company will consider moving the email
from Google to the company cloud. Here
27. again, the threat is based on confidentiality of information.
Before listing the threat, one has to understand
the value of the information that needs to be protected because
the threat depends on the value of the
information. A business perspective of threat is important
because of the threat level. Here again, the threat
to sensitive information is much more than it is to irrelevant
information because hackers are not interested
in information that is of no value.
company is using IaaS, then the priority is to
examine the compliance of the provider in relation to ISO 27000
because the company has to worry more
about the internal operations of the vendor, as it depends on the
vendor’s infrastructure. Hence, the
company must ensure that the vendor has implemented ISO
27001 with all the relevant controls. SLAs,
compliance with IT controls in ISO 27000, and frameworks such
as Cobit, play a vital role in deciding the
cloud provider.
irrelevant because a single entity is responsible
for the security, regardless of the service or platform used. In
the case of a private cloud, regardless of it
being SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS, it is the responsibility of the
28. company to maintain security under the same
business umbrella. Here, it is irrelevant to view threats from a
SaaS, PaaS, or IaaS perspective because the
cloud user views the entire package implemented across the
organization. According to the respondent, the
user needs to undertake risk assessment by examining the
service catalog and relating his service catalog to
the business risk assessment from the business perspective,
which is crucial for each and every service. For
example, email might be critical to one organization but not be
critical to another one.
of Vendor: This happens if the customer wants to
move from one provider to another. In this case,
the threat arises if the company does not have the option to
move from one vendor to another.
s a
major threat. For example, a customer
relationship management database might be sensitive for a cloud
provider serving a government or for an
online business that contains financial information of
customers. This is a case of business impact.
reat Transference: Sometimes a business may accept the
risk on the basis of an SLA. There was an
instance in the respondent’s organization, where the IT
department proposed a redundant link between the
headquarters and the disaster recovery site, to which
29. management refused, saying that it is the
responsibility of the ISP (Etisalat) and the company accepted
the risk because the company has a solid SLA
with Etisalat, who is providing the link, which is the concern of
Etisalat rather than the organization. Thus,
this is a case of threat transference.
failover and a backup plan in the case of disaster
recovery should also be considered as a threat in the cloud
environment.
Dimensions of Threat
From the analysis of the responses, it was observed that IS
security threats in cloud computing must be
considered from both a business and a technical perspective.
Threats that are perceived to be technical in nature can
be viewed from a business perspective in cloud computing.
Some threats (technical as well as business) are common
to the entire IS, in general, whereas others are specific only to
cloud computing. Furthermore, threats overlap with
each of the two dimensions such that threats can be business as
well as technical in nature. Likewise, the common
threats in one scenario can be specific to another scenario.
Hence, taking this into consideration, the threats can be
30. positioned at any coordinates of the two dimensions to denote
the relative weight of each of the four quadrants.
Incorporating the various dimensions of threats, the ensuring
model, which the authors termed the Cloud Computing
Thread Matrix, is presented in Figure 5.
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Figure 5: Cloud Computing Threat Matrix—Dimensions of IS
Security Threats in Cloud Computing
CONCLUSION
The growth of cloud computing as a new way of delivering
diversified computing resources using different
service models and technologies with value-added benefits to its
users is not without its threats. Despite its positive
characteristics, it also brings new security issues and
challenges, which can, if unchecked, hinder the effective
utilization of IS resources. Although numerous threats have
been listed in the literature, in this study the authors
31. developed a two-dimensional matrix for categorizing and
positioning the IS security threats in cloud computing to
provide an accurate definition of threats from the different
perspectives.
This study is not without its limitations, which highlights
several directions for further research. First,
additional studies in different contexts (business sectors and
organizational size) are needed to generalize the
findings. Second, further research could explore a list of threats
and map them (along with the existing threats from
the literature) into the four quadrants to validate this model.
Third, the threats could be quantified by placing a value
of 0.0 to 9.0, with the x axis and y axis as coordinates to
position the threats in its respective quadrants. Finally,
more intensive research can add a third dimension.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Mathew Nicho is an assistant professor and Director of the MSc
program at the College of Information Technology
of the University of Dubai. He holds a master’s degree and a
PhD from Auckland University of Technology, New
Zealand. He researches and publishes in the area of information
security, IT governance, audit, and assurance. His
32. work has appeared in international journals, books, and referred
conference proceedings. E-mail:
[email protected] (Corresponding author)
Mahmoud El Hendy is a master’s student (MSc in Information
Systems Management) at the University of Dubai,
Dubai, UAE. He has worked in a different organization in the IT
sectors as Systems Administrator, Web developer,
and IT consultant. His areas of interests are mainly cloud
computing and IT security. He is certified in ethical
hacking and is currently working at the University of Dubai.
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– Business
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33. Common IS threats
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Technical
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– Business
perspective
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– Technical
perspective
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Review of Business Information Systems – Fourth Quarter 2013
Volume 17, Number 4
2013 The Clute Institute Copyright by author(s) Creative
Commons License CC-BY 169
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