This document discusses security issues in cloud computing. It begins by defining cloud computing and describing its service models and deployment models. It then identifies several key security issues in cloud computing, including security, privacy, reliability, lack of open standards, compliance, and concerns about long-term viability of data. Security is identified as the top challenge according to a survey of IT executives. The document argues that more must be done to address security, privacy, and other issues in order to fully realize the potential of cloud computing.
FAST PACKETS DELIVERY TECHNIQUES FOR URGENT PACKETS IN EMERGENCY APPLICATIONS...IJCNCJournal
Internet of Things (IoT) has been receiving a lot of interest around the world in academia, industry and telecommunication organizations. In IoT, many constrained devices can communicate with each other which generate a huge number of transferred packets. These packets have different priorities based on the applications which are supported by IoT technology. Emergency applications such as calling an ambulance in a car accident scenario need fast and reliable packets delivery in order to receive an immediate response from a service provider. When a client sends his request with specific requirements, fast and reliable return contents (packets) should be fulfilled, otherwise, the network resources may be wasted and undesirable circumstances may be counted. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) has become a promising network paradigm that satisfies the requirements of fast packets delivery for emergency applications of IoT. In this paper, we propose fast packets delivery techniques based on CCN for IoT environment, these techniques are suitable for urgent packets in emergency applications that need fast delivery. The simulation results show how the proposed techniques can achieve high throughput, a large number of request messages, fast response time and a low number of lost packets in comparison with the normal CCN.
Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and...IJERA Editor
Despite the advances in hardware for hand-held mobile devices, resource-intensive applications (e.g., video and imagestorage and processing or map-reduce type) still remain off bounds since they require large computation and storage capabilities.Recent research has attempted to address these issues by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices.For mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks (i.e., with frequent topology changes because of node failure/unavailability andmobility as in a mobile cloud), however, challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. To the best of ourknowledge, we are the first to address these challenges in an integrated manner for both data storage and processing in mobilecloud, an approach we call k-out-of-n computing. In our solution, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the mostenergy-efficient way, as long as k out of n remote servers are accessible. Through a real system implementation we prove the feasibilityof our approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate the fault tolerance and energy efficiency performance of our framework in largerscale networks.
Performance Analysis of Internet of Things Protocols Based Fog/Cloud over Hig...Istabraq M. Al-Joboury
The Internet of Things (IoT) becomes the future of a global data field in which the embedded devices communicate with each other, exchange data and making decisions through the Internet. IoT could improves the qualityoflife in smart cities, but a massive amount of data from different smart devices could slow down or crash database systems. In addition, IoT data transfer to Cloud for monitoring information and generating feedback thus will lead to highdelay in infrastructure level. Fog Computing can help by offering services closer to edge devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient system architecture to mitigate the problem of delay. We provide performance analysis like responsetime, throughput and packet loss for MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) and HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) protocols based on Cloud or Fog serverswith large volume of data form emulated traffic generator working alongsidewith one real sensor. We implement both protocols in the same architecture, with low cost embedded devices to local and Cloud servers with different platforms. The results show that HTTP response time is 12.1 and 4.76 times higher than MQTT Fog and cloud based located in the same geographical area of the sensors respectively. The worst case in performance is observed when the Cloud is public and outside the country region. The results obtained for throughput shows that MQTT has the capability to carry the data with available bandwidth and lowest percentage of packet loss. We also prove that the proposed Fog architecture is an efficient way to reduce latency and enhance performance in Cloud based IoT.
An Empirical study on Peer-to-Peer sharing of resources in Mobile Cloud Envi...IJECEIAES
The increase usage of mobile users with internet and interoperability among the cloud services intensifies the role of distributed environemtnt in today’s real world application. Modern technologies are important for building rich, scalable and interoperable applications. To meet the requirements of client,the cloud service provider should offer adequate infrastructure especially under heavy multi-client load.To provide solution for large scale requirements and to statisfy the mobile client from the critical situation like lacking with bandwidth,connectivity issues,service completion ratio, we present adhoc virtual cloud model for different scenarios that include single and multiple client configurations with various file sizes of various file formats for retrieving files in the mobile cloud environement.We evaluate the strategies with the socket and RMI implemented using java and identify the best model for real world applications. Performance evaluation is done with the results obtained and recommends that when sockets and RMI can be appropriately used in peer-to-peer environment when the mobile user cannot connect directly to the cloud services.
FAST PACKETS DELIVERY TECHNIQUES FOR URGENT PACKETS IN EMERGENCY APPLICATIONS...IJCNCJournal
Internet of Things (IoT) has been receiving a lot of interest around the world in academia, industry and telecommunication organizations. In IoT, many constrained devices can communicate with each other which generate a huge number of transferred packets. These packets have different priorities based on the applications which are supported by IoT technology. Emergency applications such as calling an ambulance in a car accident scenario need fast and reliable packets delivery in order to receive an immediate response from a service provider. When a client sends his request with specific requirements, fast and reliable return contents (packets) should be fulfilled, otherwise, the network resources may be wasted and undesirable circumstances may be counted. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) has become a promising network paradigm that satisfies the requirements of fast packets delivery for emergency applications of IoT. In this paper, we propose fast packets delivery techniques based on CCN for IoT environment, these techniques are suitable for urgent packets in emergency applications that need fast delivery. The simulation results show how the proposed techniques can achieve high throughput, a large number of request messages, fast response time and a low number of lost packets in comparison with the normal CCN.
Implementing K-Out-Of-N Computing For Fault Tolerant Processing In Mobile and...IJERA Editor
Despite the advances in hardware for hand-held mobile devices, resource-intensive applications (e.g., video and imagestorage and processing or map-reduce type) still remain off bounds since they require large computation and storage capabilities.Recent research has attempted to address these issues by employing remote servers, such as clouds and peer mobile devices.For mobile devices deployed in dynamic networks (i.e., with frequent topology changes because of node failure/unavailability andmobility as in a mobile cloud), however, challenges of reliability and energy efficiency remain largely unaddressed. To the best of ourknowledge, we are the first to address these challenges in an integrated manner for both data storage and processing in mobilecloud, an approach we call k-out-of-n computing. In our solution, mobile devices successfully retrieve or process data, in the mostenergy-efficient way, as long as k out of n remote servers are accessible. Through a real system implementation we prove the feasibilityof our approach. Extensive simulations demonstrate the fault tolerance and energy efficiency performance of our framework in largerscale networks.
Performance Analysis of Internet of Things Protocols Based Fog/Cloud over Hig...Istabraq M. Al-Joboury
The Internet of Things (IoT) becomes the future of a global data field in which the embedded devices communicate with each other, exchange data and making decisions through the Internet. IoT could improves the qualityoflife in smart cities, but a massive amount of data from different smart devices could slow down or crash database systems. In addition, IoT data transfer to Cloud for monitoring information and generating feedback thus will lead to highdelay in infrastructure level. Fog Computing can help by offering services closer to edge devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient system architecture to mitigate the problem of delay. We provide performance analysis like responsetime, throughput and packet loss for MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport) and HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) protocols based on Cloud or Fog serverswith large volume of data form emulated traffic generator working alongsidewith one real sensor. We implement both protocols in the same architecture, with low cost embedded devices to local and Cloud servers with different platforms. The results show that HTTP response time is 12.1 and 4.76 times higher than MQTT Fog and cloud based located in the same geographical area of the sensors respectively. The worst case in performance is observed when the Cloud is public and outside the country region. The results obtained for throughput shows that MQTT has the capability to carry the data with available bandwidth and lowest percentage of packet loss. We also prove that the proposed Fog architecture is an efficient way to reduce latency and enhance performance in Cloud based IoT.
An Empirical study on Peer-to-Peer sharing of resources in Mobile Cloud Envi...IJECEIAES
The increase usage of mobile users with internet and interoperability among the cloud services intensifies the role of distributed environemtnt in today’s real world application. Modern technologies are important for building rich, scalable and interoperable applications. To meet the requirements of client,the cloud service provider should offer adequate infrastructure especially under heavy multi-client load.To provide solution for large scale requirements and to statisfy the mobile client from the critical situation like lacking with bandwidth,connectivity issues,service completion ratio, we present adhoc virtual cloud model for different scenarios that include single and multiple client configurations with various file sizes of various file formats for retrieving files in the mobile cloud environement.We evaluate the strategies with the socket and RMI implemented using java and identify the best model for real world applications. Performance evaluation is done with the results obtained and recommends that when sockets and RMI can be appropriately used in peer-to-peer environment when the mobile user cannot connect directly to the cloud services.
Over the past decade cloud computing has interrupted nearly every part of IT. Sales, marketing, finance and support all of these applications are being reengineered to take advantage of cloud's instant access no download and pay as we go attributes. The term cloud computing is sometimes used to refer to a new paradigm some even speak of a new technology.
A New Improved Storage Model of Wireless Devices using the CloudIJCNC
This paper focuses on the development of new storage model by using cloud computing for
mobile devises. The concept of cloud computing has been applied to mobile devices for improving the
existing model (battery time and data saving) of mobile devices. In the recent eras, different types of
cloud computing techniques have been used for improving the efficiency of mobile devices. The paper
has combined the calibration and current launch amount characteristics with the trial results for drop in
battery voltage. A mathematical equation has been derived for mote operation scenario. Through this
equation, the power provide by the power supply as well as the average time of battery can be measured.
Cloud computing security through symmetric cipher modelijcsit
Cloud computing can be defined as an application and services which runs on distributed network using
virtualized and it is accessed through internet protocols and networking. Cloud computing resources and
virtual and limitless and information’s of the physical systems on which software running are abstracted
from the user. Cloud Computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or
control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them. To satisfy the needs of the
users the concept is to incorporate technologies which have the common theme of reliance on the internet
Software and data are stored on the servers whereas cloud computing services are provided through
applications online which can be accessed from web browsers. Lack of security and access control is the
major drawback in the cloud computing as the users deal with sensitive data to public clouds .Multiple
virtual machine in cloud can access insecure information flows as service provider; therefore to implement
the cloud it is necessary to build security. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide cloud
computing security through symmetric cipher model. This article proposes symmetric cipher model in
order to implement cloud computing security so that data can accessed and stored securely.
The cloud computing is delivery of computing services over Internet. It allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations.
A review on orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog c...IJECEIAES
This paper provides a review of orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog computing. The cloud infrastructure alone cannot handle the flow of information with the abundance of data, devices and interactions. Thus, fog computing becomes a new paradigm to overcome the problem. One of the first challenges was to build the orchestration systems to activate the clouds and to execute tasks throughout the whole system that has to be considered to the situation in the large scale of geographical distance, heterogeneity and low latency to support the limitation of cloud computing. Some problems exist for orchestration distributed in fog computing are to fulfil with high reliability and low-delay requirements in the IoT applications system and to form a larger computer network like a fog network, at different geographic sites. This paper reviewed approximately 68 articles on orchestration distributed system for fog computing. The result shows the orchestration distribute system and some of the evaluation criteria for fog computing that have been compared in terms of Borg, Kubernetes, Swarm, Mesos, Aurora, heterogeneity, QoS management, scalability, mobility, federation, and interoperability. The significance of this study is to support the researcher in developing orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog computing focus on IR4.0 national agenda.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of
managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption
and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP
preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup
validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
Improvements for DMM in SDN and Virtualization-Based Mobile Network Architectureijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This paper is an attempt to base on auctions which
presents a frame work for the secure multi-party decision
protocols. In addition to the implementations which are very
light weighted, the main focus is on synchronizing security
features for avoiding agreements manipulations and reducing
the user traffic. Through this paper one can understand that
this different auction protocols on top of the frame work can
be collaborated using mobile devices. This paper present the
negotiation between auctioneer and the proffered and this
negotiation shows that multiparty security is far better than
the existing system.
HYBRID OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL NETWORK FLOWS SCHEDULING IN CLOUD DATA CENTRESijcsit
Hybrid intra-data centre networks, with optical and electrical capabilities, are attracting research interest
in recent years. This is attributed to the emergence of new bandwidth greedy applications and novel
computing paradigms. A key decision to make in networks of this type is the selection and placement of
suitable flows for switching in circuit network. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for flow selection and
placement suitable for hybrid Intra-cloud data centre networks. We further present techniques for
investigating bottlenecks in a packet networks and for the selection of flows to switch in circuit network.
The bottleneck technique is verified on a Software Defined Network (SDN) testbed. We also implemented
the techniques presented here in a scalable simulation experiment to investigate the impact of flow
selection on network performance. Results obtained from scalable simulation experiment indicate a
considerable improvement on average throughput, lower configuration delay, and stability of offloaded
flows..
Capillary Networks – Bridging the Cellular and IoT WorldsEricsson
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new revolutionary era of computing technology that enables a wide variety of devices to interoperate through the existing Internet infrastructure.
Security and Privacy Issues of Fog Computing: A SurveyHarshitParkar6677
Abstract. Fog computing is a promising computing paradigm that ex-
tends cloud computing to the edge of networks. Similar to cloud comput-
ing but with distinct characteristics, fog computing faces new security
and privacy challenges besides those inherited from cloud computing. In
this paper, we have surveyed these challenges and corresponding solu-
tions in a brief manner.
Over the past decade cloud computing has interrupted nearly every part of IT. Sales, marketing, finance and support all of these applications are being reengineered to take advantage of cloud's instant access no download and pay as we go attributes. The term cloud computing is sometimes used to refer to a new paradigm some even speak of a new technology.
A New Improved Storage Model of Wireless Devices using the CloudIJCNC
This paper focuses on the development of new storage model by using cloud computing for
mobile devises. The concept of cloud computing has been applied to mobile devices for improving the
existing model (battery time and data saving) of mobile devices. In the recent eras, different types of
cloud computing techniques have been used for improving the efficiency of mobile devices. The paper
has combined the calibration and current launch amount characteristics with the trial results for drop in
battery voltage. A mathematical equation has been derived for mote operation scenario. Through this
equation, the power provide by the power supply as well as the average time of battery can be measured.
Cloud computing security through symmetric cipher modelijcsit
Cloud computing can be defined as an application and services which runs on distributed network using
virtualized and it is accessed through internet protocols and networking. Cloud computing resources and
virtual and limitless and information’s of the physical systems on which software running are abstracted
from the user. Cloud Computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or
control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them. To satisfy the needs of the
users the concept is to incorporate technologies which have the common theme of reliance on the internet
Software and data are stored on the servers whereas cloud computing services are provided through
applications online which can be accessed from web browsers. Lack of security and access control is the
major drawback in the cloud computing as the users deal with sensitive data to public clouds .Multiple
virtual machine in cloud can access insecure information flows as service provider; therefore to implement
the cloud it is necessary to build security. Therefore the main aim of this paper is to provide cloud
computing security through symmetric cipher model. This article proposes symmetric cipher model in
order to implement cloud computing security so that data can accessed and stored securely.
The cloud computing is delivery of computing services over Internet. It allows individuals and businesses to use software and hardware that are managed by third parties at remote locations.
A review on orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog c...IJECEIAES
This paper provides a review of orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog computing. The cloud infrastructure alone cannot handle the flow of information with the abundance of data, devices and interactions. Thus, fog computing becomes a new paradigm to overcome the problem. One of the first challenges was to build the orchestration systems to activate the clouds and to execute tasks throughout the whole system that has to be considered to the situation in the large scale of geographical distance, heterogeneity and low latency to support the limitation of cloud computing. Some problems exist for orchestration distributed in fog computing are to fulfil with high reliability and low-delay requirements in the IoT applications system and to form a larger computer network like a fog network, at different geographic sites. This paper reviewed approximately 68 articles on orchestration distributed system for fog computing. The result shows the orchestration distribute system and some of the evaluation criteria for fog computing that have been compared in terms of Borg, Kubernetes, Swarm, Mesos, Aurora, heterogeneity, QoS management, scalability, mobility, federation, and interoperability. The significance of this study is to support the researcher in developing orchestration distributed systems for IoT smart services in fog computing focus on IR4.0 national agenda.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of
managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption
and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP
preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup
validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
Improvements for DMM in SDN and Virtualization-Based Mobile Network Architectureijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
Secure Multi-Party Negotiation: An Analysis for Electronic Payments in Mobile...IDES Editor
This paper is an attempt to base on auctions which
presents a frame work for the secure multi-party decision
protocols. In addition to the implementations which are very
light weighted, the main focus is on synchronizing security
features for avoiding agreements manipulations and reducing
the user traffic. Through this paper one can understand that
this different auction protocols on top of the frame work can
be collaborated using mobile devices. This paper present the
negotiation between auctioneer and the proffered and this
negotiation shows that multiparty security is far better than
the existing system.
HYBRID OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL NETWORK FLOWS SCHEDULING IN CLOUD DATA CENTRESijcsit
Hybrid intra-data centre networks, with optical and electrical capabilities, are attracting research interest
in recent years. This is attributed to the emergence of new bandwidth greedy applications and novel
computing paradigms. A key decision to make in networks of this type is the selection and placement of
suitable flows for switching in circuit network. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for flow selection and
placement suitable for hybrid Intra-cloud data centre networks. We further present techniques for
investigating bottlenecks in a packet networks and for the selection of flows to switch in circuit network.
The bottleneck technique is verified on a Software Defined Network (SDN) testbed. We also implemented
the techniques presented here in a scalable simulation experiment to investigate the impact of flow
selection on network performance. Results obtained from scalable simulation experiment indicate a
considerable improvement on average throughput, lower configuration delay, and stability of offloaded
flows..
Capillary Networks – Bridging the Cellular and IoT WorldsEricsson
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new revolutionary era of computing technology that enables a wide variety of devices to interoperate through the existing Internet infrastructure.
Security and Privacy Issues of Fog Computing: A SurveyHarshitParkar6677
Abstract. Fog computing is a promising computing paradigm that ex-
tends cloud computing to the edge of networks. Similar to cloud comput-
ing but with distinct characteristics, fog computing faces new security
and privacy challenges besides those inherited from cloud computing. In
this paper, we have surveyed these challenges and corresponding solu-
tions in a brief manner.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Establishing applications on on-demand infrastructures rather of building applica-tions on fixed and rigid infrastructures was provided by cloud computing provides. By merely exploiting into the cloud, initiatives can gain fast access to business applications or infrastructure resources with decreased Capital Expenditure (CAPEX). The more and more information is placed into the cloud by someone and initiatives, security issues begins to develop and raised. This paper discusses the different security issues that rise up about how secure the mo-bile cloud computing environment.
Abstract--The paper identifies the issues and the solution to overcome these problems. Cloud computing is a subscription based service where we can obtain networked storage space and computer resources. This technology has the capacity to admittance a common collection of resources on request. It is the application provided in the form of service over the internet and system hardware in the data centers that gives these services. But having many advantages for IT organizations cloud has some issues that must be consider during its deployment. The main concern is security privacy and trust. There are various issues that need to be dealt with respect to security and privacy in a cloud computing scenario [4].
Keywords--Cloud, Issues, Security, Privacy, Resources, Technology.
A survey on data security in cloud computing issues and mitigation techniqueseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A traditional computing environment requires a costly
infrastructure to offer a better service to users. The introduction
of cloud computing has changed the working environment from
traditional to virtual. A larger number of IT companies are
utilizing the cloud. On the one hand, the cloud attracts more
number of consumers by offering services with minimized
capital cost and virtual infrastructure. On the other hand, there
are a risk and security challenges in cloud computing that
makes the user not to move completely towards it. The cloud
environment is more vulnerable to security breaches and data
theft. Moreover, insider attacks are more frequent in larger
enterprises. An unauthenticated user can cause more damage
to company reputation. The cloud service providers are trying
to provide a secure work environment for users. However,
there is a lack of global standards and policies to invoke
security measures in cloud computing. This study aims to
highlight and classify security challenges and trust issues in the
cloud environment.
The survey was conducted in various institutions and
governmental organizations in Saudi Arabia to study the
opinions of stakeholders on cloud computing security
challenges and risks.
Links:
http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
https://google.academia.edu/JournalofComputerScience
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijcsis-research-publications-8b916516/
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/E-1319-2016
Cloud computing is a distributed computing system that offers managed, scalable and secured and high available computation resources and software as a service. Mobile computing is the combination of the heterogeneous domains like Mobile computing, Cloud computing & wireless networks.This paper mainly discusses the literature review on Cloud and the Mobile cloud computing. Here in this paper we analyse existing security challenges and issues involved in the cloud computing and Mobile cloud environment. This paper identifies key issues, which are believed to have long-term significance in cloud computing & mobile cloud security and privacy, based on documented problems and exhibited weaknesses.
An Efficient MDC based Set Partitioned Embedded Block Image CodingDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, fast, efficient, simple and widely used
Set Partitioned Embedded bloCK based coding is done on
Multiple Descriptions of transformed image. The maximum
potential of this type of coding can be exploited with discrete
wavelet transform (DWT) of images. Two correlated
descriptions are generated from a wavelet transformed image
to ensure meaningful transmission of the image over noise
prone wireless channels. These correlated descriptions are
encoded by set partitioning technique through SPECK coders
and transmitted over wireless channels. Quality of
reconstructed image at the decoder side depends upon the
number of descriptions received. More the number of
descriptions received at output side, more enhance the quality
of reconstructed image. However, if any of the multiple
description is lost, the receive can estimate it exploiting the
correlation between the descriptions. The simulations
performed on an image on MATLAB gives decent
performance and results even after half of the descriptions is
lost in transmission.
Swiftly increasing demand of computational
calculations in the process of business, transferring of files
under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an
emerging technology cater to the services for computational
need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these
technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by
introducing various sorts of service platforms in high
computational environment. Cloud computing is the most
recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of
“computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud
computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement
on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different
area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing
domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even
though the cloud computing provides many distinguished
features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with
comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It
is the way of congregating amasses of information and
resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets
and further putting them on the public cloud for serving
users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a
hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their
interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the
different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is
turning to be one of the most explosively expanding
technologies in the computing industry in this era. It
authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to
remote location with minimal impact on system performance.
With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud
computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically
or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has
not only restored the field of distributed systems but also
fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing
today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a
typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data
centers, the variety of resource types and their inter
dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of
objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.
Security & privacy issues of cloud & grid computing networksijcsa
Cloud computing is a new field in Internet computing that provides novel perspectives in internetworking
technologies. Cloud computing has become a significant technology in field of information technology.
Security of confidential data is a very important area of concern as it can make way for very big problems
if unauthorized users get access to it. Cloud computing should have proper techniques where data is
segregated properly for data security and confidentiality. This paper strives to compare and contrast cloud
computing with grid computing, along with the Tools and simulation environment & Tips to store data and
files safely in Cloud.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
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PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)
G0314043
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE)
ISSN: 2278-0661 Volume 3, Issue 1 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 40-43
www.iosrjournals.org
An Overview on Security Issues in Cloud Computing
Dr. Balachandra1, D N Kartheek2
1
(Dept of I&CT, MIT, Manipal University, INDIA,
2
(Dept of CSE, SVEC, INDIA,
Abstract : Cloud Computing, a rapidly developing information technology has aroused the concern of the
whole world. Cloud Computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and
information are provided to computers and devices on-demand, like the electricity grid [1]. Cloud Computing is
the product of the fusion of traditional computing technology and network technology like grid computing,
distributed computing parallel computing and so on. It aims to construct a perfect system with powerful
computing capability through a large number of relatively low-cost computing entity, and using the advanced
business models like SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a
Service) to distribute the powerful computing capability to end the users’ hands. This paper introduces the
background and service model of cloud computing. This paper also introduces the existing issues in cloud
computing such as security, privacy, reliability and so on.
Keywords:- Cloud Computing, Service Models, Security, Privacy.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing is not a total new concept; it is originated from the earlier large-scale distributed
computing technology. However, it will be a subversion technology and cloud computing will be the third
revolution in the IT industry, which represent the development trend of the IT industry from hardware to
software, software to services, distributed services to centralized service. The core concept of cloud computing
is reducing the processing burden on the users‟ terminal by constantly improving the handling ability of the
cloud, eventually simplify the users‟ terminal to a simple input and output devices and busk in the powerful
computing capacity of the cloud on-demand. All of this is available through a simple internet connection using a
standard browser or other connection [2].
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient and on demand network access to a shared group
of computing resources that can be rapidly released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction. Cloud has advantages in offering more scalable, fault-tolerant services with even higher
performance. Also, Cloud computing can be referred to as a new kind of storage technology, by which we can
share software, data or documents to computers as well as other devices on demand.
Cloud Service providers (CSP) (e.g. Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Salesforce.com, GoGrid) are
leveraging virtualization technologies combined with self-service capabilities for computing resources via the
Internet. In these service provider environments, virtual machines from multiple organizations have to be co-
located on the same physical server in order to maximize the efficiencies of virtualization. Cloud service
providers must learn from the managed service provider (MSP) model and ensure that their customers‟
applications and data are secure if they hope to retain their customer base and competitiveness. Today,
enterprises are looking toward cloud computing horizons to expand their on-premises infrastructure, but most
cannot afford the risk of compromising the security of their applications and data.
International Data Corporation (IDC) conducted a survey (see Fig.1.) of 263 IT executives and their
line-of-business colleagues to gauge their opinions and understand their companies‟ use of IT cloud services.
Security ranked first as the greatest challenge or issue of cloud computing.
Fig.1. Results of IDC ranking security challenges.
www.iosrjournals.org 40 | Page
2. An Overview on Security Issues in Cloud Computing
Corporations and individuals are concerned about how security and compliance integrity can be
maintained in this new environment. Even more concerning, though, is the corporations that are jumping to the
cloud computing while being oblivious to the applications of putting critical applications and data in the cloud.
Moving critical applications and sensitive data to a public and shared cloud environment is a major concern for
corporations that are moving beyond their data centers‟ network perimeter defense. To alleviate these concerns,
a cloud solution provider must ensure that customers can continue to have the same security and privacy
controls over their applications and services, provide evidence to these customers that their organization and
customers are secure and they can meet their Service level agreements and show how can they prove
compliance to their auditors.
II. What Is Cloud Computing
A. Definition
“Cloud” is a virtualized pool of computing resources. It can:
Manage a variety of different workloads, including the batch of back-end operations and user-oriented
interactive applications.
Rapidly deploy and increase workload by speedy providing physical machines or virtual machines.
Support for redundancy, self-healing and highly scalable programming model, so that workload can be
recover from a variety of inevitable hardware/software failure.
Real-time monitor resources usage, rebalance the allocation of resources when needed [3].
Fig: Visual Model of Cloud Computing Definition.
B. Service Models
Three types of models exist for providing services of cloud. These three models are often referred to as
the SPI Model (Software, Platform and Infrastructure) [4].
Software as a Service (SaaS): Customers obtain the facility to access and use an application or service that
is hosted in the cloud. As an example „Salesforce.com‟, where necessary information for the interaction
between the customer and the service is hosted as part of the service in the cloud.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): Customers obtain access to the platforms by enabling them to organize their
own software and applications in the cloud.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The facility provided to the customer is to lease processing, storage
and other fundamental computing resources. The customer does not manage or control the basic cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications.
C. Deployment Models
In spite of the delivery models utilized, there are three primary ways in which cloud services can also
deployed and are described.
Public Cloud: In public cloud, customers can access web applications and services over the internet. Each
individual customer has its own resources which are dynamically provided by a third party vendor (cloud
providers). These providers facilitate multiple customers from multiple data centers, manage all the security
measures and provide hardware and infrastructure for the cloud customers to operate. The customer has no
idea about how the cloud is managed or what infrastructure is available. Customers of public cloud services
are considered to be untrusted.
Private Cloud: In private clouds customers has complete control over that how data is managed and what
security measures are in place while data processing in cloud.
Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid Clouds are a combination of public and private clouds within the same network.
Private cloud customers can store personal information over their private cloud and use the public cloud for
handling large amount of processing demands.
Community Cloud: Several organizations jointly construct and share the same cloud infrastructure as well
as policies, requirements, values and concerns. The cloud community forms into a degree of economic
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3. An Overview on Security Issues in Cloud Computing
scalability and democratic equilibrium. The cloud infrastructure could be hosted by a third-party vendor or
within one of the organizations in the community.
D. Characteristics
Cloud Computing has a wide range of characteristics some of which are as follows:
Shared Infrastructure: Cloud environment uses an effective software model that allows sharing of
physical services, storage and networking capabilities among users. The cloud infrastructure is to find out
most of the available infrastructure across multiple users.
Network Access: Cloud Services are accesses over a network from a wide range of devices such as PCs,
laptops and mobile devices by using standards based APIs.
Handle Metering: Cloud service providers store information of their clients for managing and optimizing
the service and to provide reporting and billing information. Due to this, customers are payable for services
according to how much have actually used during the billing period.
E. Architecture
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud
computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over a loose coupling
mechanism such as a messaging queue. Elastic provision implies intelligence in the use of tight or loose
coupling as applied to mechanisms such as these and others.
III. Security Issues In Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is a model for information and services by using existing technologies. It uses the
internet infrastructure to allow communication between client side and server side services/applications [5].
Cloud Service Providers (CSP‟s) exist between clients that offer cloud platforms for their customers to use and
create their own web services.
When making decisions to adopt cloud services, privacy or security has always been a major issue. To
deal with these issues, the cloud provider must build up sufficient controls to provide such level of security than
the organization would have if the cloud were not used. The majoy security challenge is that the owner of the
data has no control on their data processing. Due to involvement of many technologies including networks,
databases, operating systems, resource scheduling, transaction management, concurrency control and memory
management [6], various security issues arises in cloud computing.
A. Security
Where is your data more secure, on your local hard drive or on high security servers in the cloud? Some
argue that customer data is more secure when managed internally, while others argue that cloud providers have a
strong incentive to maintain trust and as such employ a higher level of security. However, in the cloud, your data
will be distributed over these individual computers regardless of where your base repository of data is ultimately
stored. Industrious hackers can invade virtually any server, and there are the statistics that show that one-third of
breaches result from stolen or lost laptops and other devices and from employees‟ accidentally exposing data on
the internet, with nearly 16 percent due to inside theft [7].
B. Privacy
Different from the traditional computing model, cloud computing utilizes the virtual computing
technology, users‟ personal data may be scattered in various virtual data center rather than stay in the same
physical location, even across the national borders, at this time, data privacy protection will face the controversy
of different legal systems. On the other hand, users may leak hidden information when they accessing cloud
computing services. Attackers can analyze the critical task depending on the computing task submitted by the
users [8].
C. Reliability
Servers in the cloud have the same problem as your own resident servers. The cloud servers also
experience downtimes and slowdowns, what the difference is that users have a higher dependent on cloud service
provider (CSP) in the model of cloud computing. There is abig difference in the CSP‟s service model, once you
select a particular CSP, you may be locked-in, thus bring a potential business secure risk.
D. Open Standard
Open Standard are critical to the growth of cloud computing. Most cloud prividers expose APIs which
are typically well-documented but also unique to their implementation and thus not interoperable. Some vendors
have adopted others APIs [9] and there are a number of open standards under development, including the OGF‟s
www.iosrjournals.org 42 | Page
4. An Overview on Security Issues in Cloud Computing
Open Cloud Computing Interface. The Open Cloud Consortium (OCC) [10] is working to develop consensus on
early cloud computing standards and practices.
E. Compliance
Numerous regulations pertain to the storage and use of data require regular reporting and audit trails,
cloud providers must enable their customers to comply appropiately with these regulations. Managing complaince
and security for cloud computing, provides insight on how a top-down view of all IT resources within a cloud-
based location can deliver a stronger management and enforcement of complaince policies. In addition to the
requirements to which customers are subject, the data centers maintained by cloud providers may also be subject
to complaince requirements [11].
F. Long-term Viability
You should be sure that the data you put into the cloud will never become invalid even your cloud
computing provider go broke or get acquired and swallowed up by a larger company [12].
IV. Conclusion
Cloud Computing became a buzzword nowadays. More and more companies step into cloud and
provide services above on it. However, security and privacy issues impose strong barrier for users‟ adoption of
cloud systems and cloud services. There is no doubt that the cloud computing is the development trend in the
future. Cloud computing brings us the approximately infinite computing capabilities, good scalability, service
on-demand and so on, also challenges at security, privacy, reliability and so on. More security strategies should
be deployed in the cloud environment to achieve the 5 goals i.e. availability, confidentiality, data integrity,
control and audit, as well as privacy acts should be changed to adapt a new relationship between users and
providers in the cloud literature. We claim that prosperity in Cloud Computing literature is to be coming after
those security and privacy issues are resolved.
References
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing.
[2] Rich Maggiani, solari communication, “Cloud computing is changing how we communicate”.
[3] GregBoss,PadmaMalladi,DennisQuan,LindsLegregni,
HoroldHall,HiPODS,www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/
[4] “Security Guidance for critical areas of Focus in Cloud Computing”, April 2009, presented by Cloud Security Alliance (CSA).
[5] Kevin Curran, Sean Carlin and Mervyn Adams “Security issues in Cloud Computing”, published in August 2011, Elixir Network
Engg. (www.elixirjournal.org).
[6] Kevin Hemalen, Murat Kantarciouglu, Latifur Khan and Bhavani Thuraisingham, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA,
“Security Issues for cloud computing”, April-June 2010, international journal of information security and privacy.
[7] Elinor Mills, January 27,2009. “Cloud computing security forecast: clear skies”.
[8] Jianchun jiang, Weiping Wen, “Information Seucirty issues in cloud computing environment”, Netinfo
security,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2010.02.026.
[9] Eucalyptus Completes Amazon Web Services Specs with Latest Release.
[10] OpenCloudComputing.org.
[11] http://fx.caixum.com/.
[12] Gartner, “Seven cloud-computing security risks”. http://www.infoworld.com.
www.iosrjournals.org 43 | Page