This document provides summaries and formulas related to retail operations, including inventory calculations, pricing and margin metrics, sales metrics, and best practices for retail planograms and visual merchandising. Key areas covered include calculations for cost of goods sold, inventory turnover, quick ratio, average inventory, pricing formulas involving cost, markup, and margin. Additional sections outline metrics like contribution margin, gross margin return on investment, markdowns, sales per square foot, sell-through percentage, and sales per transaction or employee. Effective planograms are described as assigning selling potential to space, improving visual appeal and organization, aiding inventory control, and serving as an staff communication tool. Elements of strong visual merchandising include balance, sizing objects from large