RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-RESONANCE PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS OF SHAKAL AND HALABJA.pdf
The results of reconnaissance studies within the Shakal and Halabja exploration blocks in Kurdistan are presented. Experimental studies were carried out using a mobile direct-prospecting technology, including modified methods of frequency-resonance processing and decoding of satellite images and photo images, vertical electric resonance scanning of the cross-section and a method of integral assessment of the oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. At the local survey site within the Shakal block, responses from oil, condensate, phosphorus and limestone were recorded. The lower boundary of the limestones was established at a depth of 4676 m. By scanning the cross-section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, the responses of oil from limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m. During processing the image of the entire Halabja block, signals were recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate, phosphorus gas, bacteria, sodium chloride and dolomite. At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses from oil, condensate and gas were recorded. When scanning the cross-section from 480 m to 4 km, step 50 cm, responses from oil were obtained from two intervals: 1) 1140-1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m. Within the local fragment of the block by scanning up to 5 km with a step of 1 m responses of oil from salt were recorded from the intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m). The response intervals within the 1st and 3rd horizons have been refined by scanning with a step of 5 cm. The results of experimental studies show that practical application of direct-prospecting methods and technologies will accelerate and optimize the exploration process for oil and gas.
Results of reconnaissance survey _Profile TESZ-2021_FINAL_short version.pdfDr. Arzu Javadova
The results of a reconnaissance survey of a seismic profile on Ukraine territory are presented. Experimental studies were carried out with the aim of additional approbation of direct-prospecting methods and improvement of methodological techniques of their application in the exploration process for oil, gas and natural hydrogen, as well as in the study of the deep structural elements of the Earth. The results indicate that it is promising for the detection of HC deposits in the cross-section and the expediency of carrying out prospecting works of a detailed nature within it. In the northern part of the research area, by instrumental measurements a basalt volcanic complex has been localized, which is promising for of natural hydrogen and living water accumulations searching in the cross-section. During the cross-section scanning, responses at gas frequencies were recorded without interruption up to 5 km, which may indicate the presence of a deep channel within the surveyed area, through which oil, condensate and gas migrate to the upper horizons of the cross-section. The results of the survey indicate the advisability of direct-prospecting methods and technologies using when studying the deep structure of small areas and large blocks by geoelectric and seismic methods.
Within the framework of a new, "substance" (“matter”) paradigm of geophysical research, a "direct" search for a specific physical substance is carried out: gas, oil, gas hydrates, water, ore minerals and rocks (gold, platinum, silver, zinc, uranium, diamonds, kimberlites, etc.). The initial stage in the development of this paradigm can be considered the first research and development on the "direct" methods for oil and gas searching.
The results of the application of mobile direct-prospecting technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of satellite images and photographs at the sites of hydrogen production, drilling wells, as well as within areas of hydrogen degassing in various regions are presented. Experimental reconnaissance studies were carried out to study the features of the deep structure of the hydrogen degassing areas.
The developed mobile and low-cost technology include modified methods of satellite images and photo-images frequency-resonance processing and decoding, vertical electric-resonance scanning of a cross-section, as well as a method of integrated assessment of oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. Separate methods of direct-prospecting technology are based on the principles of the “substance” paradigm of geophysical research, the essence of which is searching for a specific substance - oil, gas, gas condensate, etc.
The materials of instrumental measurements indicate that in regions of basalt volcano's location with roots at different depths, signals at hydrogen frequencies are almost always recorded. When scanning the cross-section, responses from hydrogen are recorded from the upper edges of basaltic volcanoes to their roots. It can be assumed that basaltic volcanoes are a kind of channel through which hydrogen migrates to the upper horizons of the cross-section and further into the atmosphere. Within many basaltic volcanoes at a depth of 68 km, deep (living) water is synthesized. Hydrogen-rich water is curative and can be used for wellness purposes. All surveyed zones of longevity on Earth are located within basalt volcanoes, in which water synthesized at a depth of 68 km migrates to the surface and is used for water supply. Hydrogen deposits can be formed by basaltic volcanoes in adjacent sealed reservoirs. Within some survey areas, responses at hydrogen frequencies from limestones, dolomites, and marls were recorded at shallow depths. Hydrogen deposits formed near basalt volcanoes in different types of reservoirs can be discovered and localized during areal exploration using proven methods. Direct-prospecting technology can also be used to study reservoirs in crystalline rocks (basalts including). Detailed studies and wells drilling in promising areas can be planned and carried out for hydrogen and living water at the same time.
The result of the investigation indicates the advisability of using direct-prospecting methods of frequency-resonance processing of satellite images to detect zones of hydrogen accumulation in areas of basalt volcanoes location, as well as in areas of hydrogen degassing. The use of mobile and low-cost technology will significantly speed up the exploration process for hydrogen, as well as reduce the financial costs for its implementation.
Mineral potential mapping as a strategic planning tool in the eastern Lachlan...Kenex Ltd
The Geological Survey of New South Wales (GSNSW) is undertaking a statewide mineral potential mapping project driven by the need to provide justifiable land use planning advice to key government stakeholders and to highlight the exploration potential of the state’s major mineral systems at a regional scale. Following delivery of mineral potential data packages for the Southern New England Orogen in 2017, and the Curnamona Province and Delamerian Thomson Orogen in 2018, the eastern Lachlan Orogen was selected as the next area for a review of key mineral systems and mineral potential. The study area covers the Lachlan Orogen east of the Gilmore Fault and the study mapped the mineral potential for porphyry Cu–Au, polymetallic skarn, Kanimblan orogenic Au, Tabberabberan orogenic Au, and VAMS mineral systems.
The full report and data package can be downloaded from: https://search.geoscience.nsw.gov.au/product/9253
KX36–rediscovering the diamond exploration potential of the central Kalahari ...James AH Campbell
KX36 Rediscovering the diamond exploration potential of the central Kalahari in Botswana.
A.J. Rogers*, T.G. Hough†, and J.M. Davidson*
Petra Diamonds, SAIMM July 2013
Results of reconnaissance survey _Profile TESZ-2021_FINAL_short version.pdfDr. Arzu Javadova
The results of a reconnaissance survey of a seismic profile on Ukraine territory are presented. Experimental studies were carried out with the aim of additional approbation of direct-prospecting methods and improvement of methodological techniques of their application in the exploration process for oil, gas and natural hydrogen, as well as in the study of the deep structural elements of the Earth. The results indicate that it is promising for the detection of HC deposits in the cross-section and the expediency of carrying out prospecting works of a detailed nature within it. In the northern part of the research area, by instrumental measurements a basalt volcanic complex has been localized, which is promising for of natural hydrogen and living water accumulations searching in the cross-section. During the cross-section scanning, responses at gas frequencies were recorded without interruption up to 5 km, which may indicate the presence of a deep channel within the surveyed area, through which oil, condensate and gas migrate to the upper horizons of the cross-section. The results of the survey indicate the advisability of direct-prospecting methods and technologies using when studying the deep structure of small areas and large blocks by geoelectric and seismic methods.
Within the framework of a new, "substance" (“matter”) paradigm of geophysical research, a "direct" search for a specific physical substance is carried out: gas, oil, gas hydrates, water, ore minerals and rocks (gold, platinum, silver, zinc, uranium, diamonds, kimberlites, etc.). The initial stage in the development of this paradigm can be considered the first research and development on the "direct" methods for oil and gas searching.
The results of the application of mobile direct-prospecting technology of frequency-resonance processing and interpretation of satellite images and photographs at the sites of hydrogen production, drilling wells, as well as within areas of hydrogen degassing in various regions are presented. Experimental reconnaissance studies were carried out to study the features of the deep structure of the hydrogen degassing areas.
The developed mobile and low-cost technology include modified methods of satellite images and photo-images frequency-resonance processing and decoding, vertical electric-resonance scanning of a cross-section, as well as a method of integrated assessment of oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. Separate methods of direct-prospecting technology are based on the principles of the “substance” paradigm of geophysical research, the essence of which is searching for a specific substance - oil, gas, gas condensate, etc.
The materials of instrumental measurements indicate that in regions of basalt volcano's location with roots at different depths, signals at hydrogen frequencies are almost always recorded. When scanning the cross-section, responses from hydrogen are recorded from the upper edges of basaltic volcanoes to their roots. It can be assumed that basaltic volcanoes are a kind of channel through which hydrogen migrates to the upper horizons of the cross-section and further into the atmosphere. Within many basaltic volcanoes at a depth of 68 km, deep (living) water is synthesized. Hydrogen-rich water is curative and can be used for wellness purposes. All surveyed zones of longevity on Earth are located within basalt volcanoes, in which water synthesized at a depth of 68 km migrates to the surface and is used for water supply. Hydrogen deposits can be formed by basaltic volcanoes in adjacent sealed reservoirs. Within some survey areas, responses at hydrogen frequencies from limestones, dolomites, and marls were recorded at shallow depths. Hydrogen deposits formed near basalt volcanoes in different types of reservoirs can be discovered and localized during areal exploration using proven methods. Direct-prospecting technology can also be used to study reservoirs in crystalline rocks (basalts including). Detailed studies and wells drilling in promising areas can be planned and carried out for hydrogen and living water at the same time.
The result of the investigation indicates the advisability of using direct-prospecting methods of frequency-resonance processing of satellite images to detect zones of hydrogen accumulation in areas of basalt volcanoes location, as well as in areas of hydrogen degassing. The use of mobile and low-cost technology will significantly speed up the exploration process for hydrogen, as well as reduce the financial costs for its implementation.
Mineral potential mapping as a strategic planning tool in the eastern Lachlan...Kenex Ltd
The Geological Survey of New South Wales (GSNSW) is undertaking a statewide mineral potential mapping project driven by the need to provide justifiable land use planning advice to key government stakeholders and to highlight the exploration potential of the state’s major mineral systems at a regional scale. Following delivery of mineral potential data packages for the Southern New England Orogen in 2017, and the Curnamona Province and Delamerian Thomson Orogen in 2018, the eastern Lachlan Orogen was selected as the next area for a review of key mineral systems and mineral potential. The study area covers the Lachlan Orogen east of the Gilmore Fault and the study mapped the mineral potential for porphyry Cu–Au, polymetallic skarn, Kanimblan orogenic Au, Tabberabberan orogenic Au, and VAMS mineral systems.
The full report and data package can be downloaded from: https://search.geoscience.nsw.gov.au/product/9253
KX36–rediscovering the diamond exploration potential of the central Kalahari ...James AH Campbell
KX36 Rediscovering the diamond exploration potential of the central Kalahari in Botswana.
A.J. Rogers*, T.G. Hough†, and J.M. Davidson*
Petra Diamonds, SAIMM July 2013
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Seismic Reflection Surveys in Search for Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) Depositsiosrjce
Seismic reflection method can delineate very complex geological structures hence it might be very
effective for detecting the presence of Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) deposits. Despite this superior
attributes, there exist a real problem for exploration beyond the immediate vicinity of a known deposit. All
previous studies have focused upon high resolution detection of mineralization and the hosting structures at
mine scale. No argument for “regional” exploration have been proposed probably because a cost benefit
analysis has never be conducted at such scale to proceed with such exploration venture. In this study, we
analyze the feasibility of such regional exploration by modelling a Vulcan IOCGU deposit scenario were a 2D
seismic survey with relatively sparse source-receiver geometry was used to detect the presence of a possible
intrusive package within 2km depth range. The modelling results demonstrates that seismic reflection method
using 10m geophones and 20m shot spacing can be used to image deposit within the depth of 2km. The
presence of reflections was visibly observed especially at the edges of intrusive packages hence it is suggested
that application of seismic reflection methods perhaps will remains the best alternative and most viable method
for exploring deep seated IOCG
Sedimentology and Geochemical Evaluation of Campano-Maastrichtian Sediments, ...Premier Publishers
The Cretaceous sediments in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consist of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales, siltstones and sandstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Statistics reveals a graphic mean range from 1.5 to 2.8, sorting range from 0.45 to 1.58, skewness range from -0.58 to 0.32 and kurtosis between 0.38 and 2 for the Ajali Sandstone. From these results, the sandstones in the area are dominated by medium to coarse grains, poorly to moderately sorted, coarse skewed and very platykurtic sediments. Further sedimentological evaluation in six localities indicates fluvial-flood plain-marginally marine facies for the Mamu and Nsukka Formations and marine for the Nkporo and Enugu Shales. The geochemical evaluations show that total organic carbon (TOC) (8.95wt%) of the samples constitutes that of good to excellent source rock with oil, oil/gas, gas prones for kerogen types I, II/III, III indicated by Rock-Eval S2/S3 (9.13). The high oxygen index (OI) (42.61 mgCO2g-1TOC) suggest deposition in a shallow marine environment. The Tmax (430oC), indicate the immaturity to onset of maturity of these source rocks. Potential reservoir units occur in the fluvial sandstones of the Ajali Formation and in the marginal marine and flood plain sandstones of the Mamu Formation. The shales and claystones of the Nsukka and Imo Formations may provide regional seals.
The South Caspian Basin has many confirmed structures. It includes the offshore continuation of several major anticline trends extending from onshore side. The Umid Babek structure is one of the deepest structures of the Baku archipelago. It is strongly dislocated tectonically and is complicated by mud diapirism. Interpretation of 2D seismic data made it possible to determine the calculations for the area and depth in the Umid and Babek structures. The structures of Shah Deniz and Umid Babek are similar in terms of the history of their structural growth. Umid-Babek occupies the most advantageous position on the path of fluid migration from deep zones of depression and has favourable conditions for the accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbon deposits. U
A.J.On ecology issue of South Caspian Lankaran–Talish–Deniz and Khazar areas.pdfDr. Arzu Javadova
The problems deal with the natural conditions, biota and sediments of the South Caspian
within Lankaran–Talish–Deniz and Khazar offshore areas, as well as anthropogenic impact
on the ecological system of this region were discussed.
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IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Seismic Reflection Surveys in Search for Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) Depositsiosrjce
Seismic reflection method can delineate very complex geological structures hence it might be very
effective for detecting the presence of Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) deposits. Despite this superior
attributes, there exist a real problem for exploration beyond the immediate vicinity of a known deposit. All
previous studies have focused upon high resolution detection of mineralization and the hosting structures at
mine scale. No argument for “regional” exploration have been proposed probably because a cost benefit
analysis has never be conducted at such scale to proceed with such exploration venture. In this study, we
analyze the feasibility of such regional exploration by modelling a Vulcan IOCGU deposit scenario were a 2D
seismic survey with relatively sparse source-receiver geometry was used to detect the presence of a possible
intrusive package within 2km depth range. The modelling results demonstrates that seismic reflection method
using 10m geophones and 20m shot spacing can be used to image deposit within the depth of 2km. The
presence of reflections was visibly observed especially at the edges of intrusive packages hence it is suggested
that application of seismic reflection methods perhaps will remains the best alternative and most viable method
for exploring deep seated IOCG
Sedimentology and Geochemical Evaluation of Campano-Maastrichtian Sediments, ...Premier Publishers
The Cretaceous sediments in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consist of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales, siltstones and sandstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Statistics reveals a graphic mean range from 1.5 to 2.8, sorting range from 0.45 to 1.58, skewness range from -0.58 to 0.32 and kurtosis between 0.38 and 2 for the Ajali Sandstone. From these results, the sandstones in the area are dominated by medium to coarse grains, poorly to moderately sorted, coarse skewed and very platykurtic sediments. Further sedimentological evaluation in six localities indicates fluvial-flood plain-marginally marine facies for the Mamu and Nsukka Formations and marine for the Nkporo and Enugu Shales. The geochemical evaluations show that total organic carbon (TOC) (8.95wt%) of the samples constitutes that of good to excellent source rock with oil, oil/gas, gas prones for kerogen types I, II/III, III indicated by Rock-Eval S2/S3 (9.13). The high oxygen index (OI) (42.61 mgCO2g-1TOC) suggest deposition in a shallow marine environment. The Tmax (430oC), indicate the immaturity to onset of maturity of these source rocks. Potential reservoir units occur in the fluvial sandstones of the Ajali Formation and in the marginal marine and flood plain sandstones of the Mamu Formation. The shales and claystones of the Nsukka and Imo Formations may provide regional seals.
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The South Caspian Basin has many confirmed structures. It includes the offshore continuation of several major anticline trends extending from onshore side. The Umid Babek structure is one of the deepest structures of the Baku archipelago. It is strongly dislocated tectonically and is complicated by mud diapirism. Interpretation of 2D seismic data made it possible to determine the calculations for the area and depth in the Umid and Babek structures. The structures of Shah Deniz and Umid Babek are similar in terms of the history of their structural growth. Umid-Babek occupies the most advantageous position on the path of fluid migration from deep zones of depression and has favourable conditions for the accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbon deposits. U
A.J.On ecology issue of South Caspian Lankaran–Talish–Deniz and Khazar areas.pdfDr. Arzu Javadova
The problems deal with the natural conditions, biota and sediments of the South Caspian
within Lankaran–Talish–Deniz and Khazar offshore areas, as well as anthropogenic impact
on the ecological system of this region were discussed.
Taxonomic harmonization of Paratethyan brackish ostracods described by Livent...Dr. Arzu Javadova
Neogene ostracods from Paratethys are, potentially, a powerful biostratigraphic tool to depict the geological history of different basins [Styrian, Vienna, Pannonian, Dacian, Euxinic (former extent of the modern Black Sea basin), and Caspian-Aralic basins]. Yet, most species were described by different authors (Reuss, Méhes, Zalănyi, Livental) in mid-19th and early 20th centuries and, often, descriptions and illustrations are very poor. Very likely, the Neogene Paratethyan biodiversity is overestimated due to lack of literature exchange at time or the undervaluation of ecophenotypical intra-specific variability. As a consequence, often, under different specific (or even generic) names could be hidden the same species. Unfortunately, most of the historical ostracod collection are gone lost or destroyed and the only way to solve this problem is to get new samples from the type localities.
Recently, clays and silts cropping out at Babazanan (Azerbaijan), type locality of the species described by Livental in 1929, were re-sampled, and here we present the results of our taxonomical studies of the collected ostracods providing new definition of the specific characters, mainly based on SEM illustration. An updated synonymy, paleogeographic and stratigraphic distribution starting from the extant literature, will be also provided.
Microfauna of the Miocene Deposits in South Caspian_final versionof PRESENTAT...Dr. Arzu Javadova
Comprehensive geological, geophysical study, and exploration drilling resulted in the vast material that makes it possible to assess microfauna content of South Caspian Basin.
Commercial reservoirs have been established in the Miocene in the South Caspian Basin. The Miocene deposits in South Caspian Basin are of great practical and scientific interest as they underlie the formations of the thick Pliocene Productive series. The core samples taken from exploration wells of the Miocene deposits, where were recovered otholitite, abundant ostracod and foraminifera fauna. The studied sections allowed to define the detailed stratigraphy sequences into individual stratigraphic units: Pontian, Sarmatian, Conkian-Karaganian, Chokrakian, Maikopian deposits
The facies of the Miocene deposits in the South Caspian offshore part of Basin vary considerably and these different facial sedimentary environments affected the microfauna composition as well. This is confirmed by rather abrupt changes in microfauna features from different regions of South Caspian Basin. The Miocene deposits of South Caspian offshore part of basin is rich in microfauna and many of ostracod species here were common in the Tethys and Paratethys bioprovince and is known as brackish and shallow marine genus in the ecology of ostracod assemblages
Javadova Dr.A. Geological and geophysical assessment of the south caspian off...Dr. Arzu Javadova
For the geological and geophysical assessment of the South Caspian offshore Kapaz structure, seismic data were used with the construction of several structural maps. Four seismic horizons have been mapped: the top Pereriva, top Balakhany, top Surakhany suits, and top Akchagyl stage. The results of three wells drilled in the past were analyzed, the well- logs were correlated with neighboring exploration wells.
Interpretation of seismic data shows that the Kapaz structure is located on the border of the sedimentary sources of the paleo Volga and paleo Amudarya. Regional seismic indicates that the paleo Volga probably continued to be the main source of terrigenous deposits. However, the Paleo-Amu Darya became a more important source of sediments during the Apsheron time. This is evidenced by the presence of clinoforms in seismic profiles direction, which is shown from the shelf margin in the dip direction to the west and southwest direction. It is shown that the Paleo-Amu Darya system eventually overlapped and pushed on the margin of the paleo-Volga shelf, effectively sealing the underlying terrigenous reservoir rocks. Growing diapir folds and compartmentation (southern and northern flank) were also observed in the feature of the structure. The reserves' calculation was carried out for each block of the Kapaz structure in scenarios P90, P50 and P10
Прямопоисковая мобильная технология разведки на русском.pptDr. Arzu Javadova
В рамках новой, «вещественной» парадигмы геофизических исследований осуществляется «прямой» поиск конкретного физического вещества: газа, нефти, газогидратов, воды, рудных полезных ископаемых и горных пород (золота, платина, серебро, цинк, уран, алмазы, кимберлиты и др.).
A.j.on ecology issue of south caspian lankaran–talish–deniz and khazar areasDr. Arzu Javadova
Thus, the analysis of the borehole data, seismic data, and biostratigraphy confirmed that the Tertiary sediments consist of fluvial- deltaic–lacustrine sediments deposited in the isolated South Caspian Basin, particularly in the study area by several river systems.
The study area has several characteristics typical of landlocked marine environments: Low salinity; low HD conditions, causing stratification of the water column. High primary productivity of the water mass, generating conditions of dissolved oxygen supersaturation and deficits (of phosphorus and probably of oxygen at night). Also at the sediment level, the heterogeneity of the substrate and low benthic fauna content is typical of confined habitats, in which environmental conditions are especially difficult for the higher organisms.
The micro-pollutant concentration in both the water and sediment, a point also common to most confined habitats and related to the inflow from the catchment area. It is related to the fine fraction of the sediment and may be masked by the presence of numerous shell debris which “dilute” the muds and thereby the micro-pollutants and organic matter, usually settled on these fine sediment fractions. All the observations made on the study, substantial primary production, a paucity of benthos, etc are consistent with those made by different authors describing the Caspian Sea. The study area has high quantities of contaminants and low capabilities for dispersing potential intake, but on the other hand, has a distinct resistance to the influence of any future impediments
Geological & Prospective peculiarity of Kapaz field on South Caspian basin,Dr. Arzu Javadova
Kapaz field is located in the central part of the Apsheron-Pribalkhan threshold between the Azeri and Livano structures- in the west of the Caspian sea. Water depth changes from 90 m in the east to 130 m in the west, in the area. In the seismic cross-sections of the Kapaz field, deposits from Quaternary to Miocene are observed, the cross-sections were revised using the Ostracoda and Formaninifera fauna contents based on regional well correlations. The tectonic structures are an asymmetric anticline striking NW-SE. The folding undulated the upper Pliocene twice and the middle Pliocene thrice. Secondary undulations present as dome-shaped uplifts (3-5 1.5-2,0 km). The size on the fold in the base of the upper division of the middle Pliocene is 25 x2.5 km. The structure in the base of the upper division of the Middle Pliocene is displaced relative to the structure of the top of the mIddle Pliocene to the northwest along the fol axis 3.5-4 km. Oil and gas potential in the southwestern and northeastern slopes of the structure is associated with the deposits from the suite of Pereriva and also with the underlying suits of PS. Concerning Kapaz field evaluation, it is recommended to drill wells to strip up to the KaS as it was done in the Turkmenistan sector of the Caspian Sea in the Livanova, Gubkina, and Lam field. Taking into account the anomalous high-pressure layer below the suite of Pereriva every effort should be taken to strip up to the KaS successfully
To the geology of tertiary quaternary sediments of south-west part of the ...Dr. Arzu Javadova
The SW part of south Caspian offshore studied very poorly. Data studied from numerous offshore shallow engineering and deep exploration wells have provided useful information on the geology of the Tertiary- Quaternary sediments. The log, seismic data, and biostratigraphy confirmed that the Tertiary sediments consist of fluvial- deltaic–lacustrine sediments deposited in the isolated South Caspian Basin, particularly in the study area by several river systems. A Quarternary period is characterized by brackish water sediments. The "short" series of marine sediments of the deep and shallow facies of open sea bays, delta, and marine shallow waters are typical for the SW part of the Caspian.
Pliocene and Quaternary sediments unconformably overlie more ancient formations, until the Mesozoic sediments are located at a relatively shallow depth. In the Lankaran-Talysh Deniz, the Miocene sequences below the middle part of Pliocene Pereryva formation are pinching out against the basin margin. The thickness of these series increases stepwise across the main structures giving evidence of a rift-system developing at the beginning of major subsidence in the South Caspian during the early Tertiary. No hydrocarbon discovery except little oil and gas shows are found in SW of the Caspian due to several geological reasons such as a reservoir, vertical and lateral migration problem.
STRATIGRAPHIC PECULARITIES OF OSTRACOD DISTRIBUTION IN BAKU ARCHIPELAGO, THE ...Dr. Arzu Javadova
Poster presentation for Kazan russian conference.24 29.09.2018
Нами были изучены остракоды из пробуренных скважин северного и центрального Бакинского архипелага: Бахар, Бахар-2, Шах дениз, Аран дениз, Себаил, Ленкоран дениз, Курдаши, Инам, Песчаний и др. Каспийского моря, что позволило коррелировать состав остракодовой фауны четвертичных отложений (рис. 1). В нашем распоряжении было свыше 350 образцов, около 100 видов Leptocythere и Loxoconcha. В целом, выделенный нами состав остракод Южного Каспия позволяет расчленить четвертичные отложения на новокаспийский, хвалынский, хазарский, бакинский и апшеронский надгоризонты с соответствующими горизонтами и слоями (рис. 2). Характерный комплекс постплиоценовой фауны остракод хорошо коррелируется с прибрежными разрезами Апшеронского полуострова: Песчаный, Алят, Локбатан, Пирсагат, Нефтчала. При определении видового состава использовались СЭМ фотографии остракод, собранных нами из скважин Апшеронского и Бакинского архипелагов
his paper presents the Microbial Prospection for Oil and Gas (MPOG) method, which uses microbiological techniques to explore for oil and gas. These techniques are based on the principle that light hydrocarbons from oil and gas fields escape to the earth’s surface, and this increased hydrocarbon supply above the fields creates conditions favorable for the development of highly specialized bacterial populations that feed on the hydrocarbons. This leads to significant increases in the microbial cell numbers and cell activity of these specialized microbes. By developing methods to establish the separate activities of methane-oxidizing bacteria (a gas indicator) and those bacteria that oxidize only ethane and higher hydrocarbons (oil indicators), it is possible to differentiate between oil fields with and without a free gas cap, and gas fields.In unexplored areas, MPOG represents a cost-effective method for preliminary exploration work. In mature areas, the method is helpful for ranking seismically defined geologic structures by indicating possible infill locations, as a contribution to reservoir characterization. No geologic or seismic data are required to carry out microbial prospection. In areas that have not yet been investigated geophysically, this technique can be applied as wildcat prospection. The sampling points are laid over the surface to be investigated, in the form of a map grid. The biochemical activity of the HCO represents the cumulative parameters. These are calculated by
• quantifying the consumption of added hydrocarbons (methane and/or propane and butane) using gas chromatography and pressure measurements • determining the biological CO2 formation rate
Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) represents the use of microorganisms
to extract the remaining oil from reservoirs. This technique has the potential
to be cost-efficient in the extraction of oil remained trapped in capillary pores of
the formation rock or in areas not swept by the classical or modern enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) methods, such as combustion, steams, miscible displacement, caustic
surfactant-polymers flooding, etc. Thus, MEOR was developed as an alternative
method for the secondary and tertiary extraction of oil from reservoirs,
The Quaternary deposits of the South Caspian and the adjacent areas on ostrac...Dr. Arzu Javadova
The South Caspian is one of the largest oil-producing regions within the Caspian Sea. Most of the offshore fields are focused here along with the main geologic oil and gas reserves of Azerbaijan. The development of the discovered fields, prospects and exploration of new ones require detailed study of the Quaternary deposits: their material composition, stratigraphy, thicknesses and other properties. It is necessary to study these issues not only for improvement of the efficiency, provide safe geological prospecting and exploration, but also to solve engineering and geological tasks related to the planned development of discovered oil and gas fields.
Study of fauna and stratigraphy of the Quaternary deposits in the South Caspian is important to learn the Quaternary history of the Caspian Sea. The Quaternary time is known for its frequent and abrupt fluctuations in climate, ocean and sea levels, considerable changes in topography, fauna, flora and other natural components of the Earth. The large-scale well drilling in the South Caspian water area provided geological information particularly about ostracod fauna, stratigraphy and litho-facies features of the Quaternary deposits of the studied regions.
We investigated the systematic composition and distribution regularities of ostracod fauna from the Quaternary deposits over the vast South Caspian territory, including the stratigraphic role of the fauna and correlation of the data with the coastal –onshore area. Multiple well sections and their enclosed micro- and macro fauna were the study target. When we analyzed and correlated well sections and natural outcrops we used other methods like lithological, macro fauna, radiometric, electric logging, seismic logging as well. The result of our study allowed us to design a detailed stratigraphic chart for the Quaternary deposits of the entire South Caspian basin. For the first time the Quaternary deposits of the South Caspian breakdown with 5 supra horizons, 10 horizons with 7 index species. Index species were identified on the successive change of zonal complexes- biozones. All these subdivisions play a regional role and correlated well with the ones from the adjacent areas of the Caspian region.
The paleontological processing of individual ostracod of genera: Leptocythere, Amniocythere, Euxinocythere, others allowed us to identify specific features among them in order to differentiate a new ostracod species.
We also highlighted the issues of stratigraphy, facies analysis and thicknesses of the Quaternary deposits in the South Caspian. The analysis of facies, thicknesses and fauna distribution shows that in the Quaternary time the South Caspian region was characterized by rather dynamic paleogeographic settings: along with the active change of the sea bottom topography, salinity and temperature varied considerably and often, as well as the sea level.
Geological &prospective peculiarity of Kapaz field on S.Caspian part 29 36Dr. Arzu Javadova
This presentation published in international Earth Sciences Colloquium of the Aegean Regions, in Izmir, Turkey in 2005. The Apsheron trend characterised by large, east to west striking folds and structures of the Pliocene section overlying and burying the underlying rifted margin structures and half-grabens of the Cretaceous, Jurassic and possibly Triassic continental margin and shelf. The Tertiary structures display strike-slip influence, such as reversal of normal faults that bound the underlying half grabens; local back thrusting and flower-like structuring are common. The most significant volumetric potential lies in the offshore. Three elements are key to the extraordinary oil and gas potential of the South Caspian Basin. The high-quality reservoir sands are the Volga Pliocene delta and a lesser extent.
Geological &prospective peculiarity of Kapaz field on S.Caspian part 19 27Dr. Arzu Javadova
This presentation published in international Earth Sciences Colloquium of the Aegean Regions, in Izmir, Turkey in 2005.S.Caspian basin is prominent basin with thick MZ-GZ terrigenous depositional fill encompassed by Alpine fold belt. The S. Caspian deep and basin proper is probably remnant oceanic crust of the Neo Thethys caught (пойманный) between the Jurassic Сretaceous carbonate platform and continental margin in the north accreted islands arc terrаin and Gondwana in the south.
S. Capsian basin borders with prominent folt system of Major Caucasus & Copetdag on the north which are linked together across the basin via Apsheron-Pre Balkhan uplift belt which consists of 2 anticline lines: Apsheron-Turkmenbashy and Apsheron-Cheleken one
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We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
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Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
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sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
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Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-RESONANCE PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS OF SHAKAL AND HALABJA.pdf
1.
2. Topic: Informatics, Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-RESONANCE
PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS OF SHAKAL AND HALABJA (KURDISTAN)
Yakymchuk N.A.1, Korchagin I.N.2, Javadova A.3
1Institute for Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Laboratorny Lane, 1, Kyiv, 01133, Ukraine, e-mail: yakymchuk@gmail.com
2S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Palladin Ave., 32, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine, e-mail: korchagin.i.n@gmail.com
3MikroPro GMBH, st. Magdeburg 26, b, Gommern, 39245, Germany, e-mail: javadova@micropro.de
ABSTRACT
The results of reconnaissance studies within the Shakal and Halabja exploration blocks in Kurdistan are presented. Experimental
studies were carried out using a mobile direct-prospecting technology, including modified methods of frequency-resonance
processing and decoding of satellite images and photo images, vertical electric resonance scanning of the cross-section and a
method of integral assessment of the oil and gas potential of large prospecting blocks and license areas. At the local survey site
within the Shakal block, responses from oil, condensate, phosphorus and limestone were recorded. The lower boundary of the
limestones was established at a depth of 4676 m. By scanning the cross-section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, the responses of oil from
limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m. During processing the
image of the entire Halabja block, signals were recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate, phosphorus gas, bacteria, sodium
chloride and dolomite. At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses from oil, condensate and gas were recorded.
When scanning the cross-section from 480 m to 4 km, step 50 cm, responses from oil were obtained from two intervals: 1) 1140-
1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m. Within the local fragment of the block by scanning up to 5 km with a step of 1 m responses of oil
from salt were recorded from the intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m). The response intervals within the
1st and 3rd horizons have been refined by scanning with a step of 5 cm. The results of experimental studies show that practical
application of direct-prospecting methods and technologies will accelerate and optimize the exploration process for oil and gas.
Corresponding Author: Arzu Javadova
3. WMESS- 2021, Prague, Czech Republic
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT-PROSPECTING
TECHNOLOGY OF SATELLITE IMAGES AND FREQUENCY-
RESONANCE PROCESSING ON THE EXPLORATION BLOCKS
OF SHAKALAND HALABJA (KURDISTAN)
Mykola Yakymchuk 1, Ignat Korchagin 2, Arzu Javadova 3
1 Institute for Applied Problems of Ecology, Geophysics and Geochemistry, Laboratorny Lane, 1, Kiev, 01133, Ukraine
2 S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, Palladin Ave., 32, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
3 MikroPro GMBH, st. Magdeburg 26, b, Gommern, 39245, Germany
Location map
4. Introduction Shakal
Lithology and Stratigraphy of Shakal block
• Exploration blocks Shakal and Halabja located in SE area of Iraqi Kurdistan
• The structure Shakal extends from the town of Kalar to the SE and appears to continue NW
Pulkhana discovery completed in 2006.The producing fields of Jampur and Kirkuk are on
trend and were originally thought to be structurally analogous to the Pulkhana and Shakal
complex of structural closure
• A review of 3 exploration drilling indicated that it should be possible to drill all of the
primary objectives (Jeribe, Dhiban, Euphrates, Jaddala and Shiranish formations) and
potentially reach the secondary targets (Balambo and Qamchuga formations) as well
• The Shakal structure is confined to the near-fault brachyanticlinal type of structure.
Seismic-geological profile over Shakal structure
5. Geological feature of the Shakal and Halabja blocks
The outcrop of possible Jeribe Formation near Darzila Village
Regular set of N-S and E-W trending near-vertical fractures
~ E-W trending fractures often are open (have no mineral infill)
JERIBE FORMATION
Pore types
in the Jeribe
Formation
6. • The well Shakal #1 was spudded on September
24th, 2009 and drilled to a total depth of 3037,6 m .
• The well was tested four times: (1) open hole DST
2311.6-2393 m (Jeribe/Dhiban), which resulted in
salt water flow at rates in excess of 10,000 B/D; (2)
cased-hole DST of the Aalije Formation (2838-
2850.5), which resulted in flow rates as high as 688
BOPD; (3) cased-hole DST of the lower Jaddala
(2799.6-2812), which resulted in flow rates as high
as 1100 BOPD; and (4) cased-hole DST of the
upper Jaddala (2777-2789), which resulted in a
peak flow rate of 1450 BOPD. The closed-hole tests
all resulted in a rapid decline of flow and pressure,
suggesting a small reservoir volume in the area of
the bore hole. Reserve potential as proven by the
well was apparently noncommercial.
testing results in the nearest w
Pulkhana field (neighboring to Shakal) Jaddala formation low flow rate (150 bbd) can be associated with
healed, non-conductive fractures
Shakal-1 well drilling result
8. Introduction Halabja
Halabja area. Tectonic zone
Stratigraphy of Halabja area.
A - Limestones of the Kometan Formation;
B - Stromatolite limestones / dolomites of the Barsarin Formation.
No exploration drilling in Halabja area
9. Data base of research method
• In modified versions of the methods of vertical sounding and
frequency-resonance processing of satellite images and
photographs, databases (sets, collections) of chemical
elements, minerals, rocks and minerals (specific samples) are
used .
The used collection of oil samples includes 117 samples, gas
condensate - 15 samples.
• The database of photographs of sedimentary rocks consists of
11 groups:
• 1) psephites, monomineral conglomerates (22 samples, sample
numbers in the database are 2-23);
• 2) psammites (18, 25-42);
• 3) silts, mudstones, clays (6, 44-49);
• 4) kaolinite mudstones (6, 51-57);
• 5) kaolinite clays (10, 59-68);
• 6) sedimentary-volcanoclastic rocks; tuff breccia (9, 70-78);
• 7) limestones (24, 80-103);
• 8) dolomites (11, 105-115);
• 9) marls (10, 117-126);
• 10) siliceous rocks (13, 128-140), salt.
• The base of photographs of igneous and metamorphic rocks
includes 18 groups:
• 1) granites and rhyolites (29 samples, sample numbers in the
base - 1-29);
• 2) granodiorites and dacites (7, 31-37);
• 3) syenites and trachytes (18, 39-56);
• 4) diorites and andesites (14, 58-71);
• 5) lamprophyres (14, 73-86);
• 6) gabbros and basalts (32, 88-119);
• 7) feldspar ultramafic rocks (20, 121-140);
• 8) feldspathoid syenites and phonolites (23, 142-164);
• 9) feldspathic gabbroids and basaltoids (6, 166-171); 10)
feldspar-free
10. Data base of research method
Photos of samples of oil and gas condensate
Base of sedimentary rocks.
1. Group of detrital rocks. Psefits. Monomineralic
conglomerates. 22 samples.
2. Group of detrital rocks. Psammites 18 samples.
3. Group of detrital rocks. Alevrits, argillites, clays. 6
samples.
4. Group of detrital and clay rocks. Clay rocks. Argillite
kaolinite. 6 samples.
5. Group of detrital rocks. Clay rocks. Kaolinite clays. 10
samples.
6. Sedimentary-volcanoclastic rocks. 9 samples.
7. Group of carbonate rocks. Limestone. 24 samples.
8. Group of carbonate rocks. Dolomites. 11 samples.
9. Group of carbonate rocks. Marls. 10 samples.
10. A group of siliceous rocks. 13 samples.
11. Salt. 3 samples.
11. Remote Sensing
data processing and
interpretation
Forming a Short-Pulsed
Electromagnetic Field
Vertical Electro-
Resonance Sounding
The technology consists of three innovative methods based on the frequency-resonance
concept:
The development of current technology took place at the forefront of
two sciences: GEOPHYSICS AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS
Remote Sensing data processing
and interpretation
Fixing pulsed natural
electromagnetic fields of the Earth’s,
it is possible to study also it effects
satellite images of the Earth's
surface in different spectral
channels.
Current development of computer
technology does not allow for the
spectral analysis of all possible
channels recorded by satellites,
where there is also information on
the structure of the Earth and the
objects in it.
To solve this problem author has
used an analog optical processing
method by which it became
possible to carry out the
classification of satellite images and
allocate them abnormal radiation
from various geological bodies in
their frequencies.
The technology of research method
12. Instrumental measurements in Shakal
• Within the entire Shakal block, (in figure B) intense signals
were recorded from diamonds and graphite, as well as from
the 11th group of igneous rocks (kimberlites). By fixing the
responses at different depths (50, 99, 218, 250, 550, 650, 750
km), the root of the kimberlite volcano was determined at a
depth of 723 km.
• By scanning the section from the surface, with step of 1 m,
the upper edge of the kimberlite volcano was fixed at a depth
of 120 m. By scanning the section from 100 m, step 10 cm,
signals at diamond frequencies began to be recorded from
152 m.
• Frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image of a
block fragment in the area of the drilled wells (rectangular
contour in figure A) from the surface recorded responses of
oil, condensate, bacteria, phosphorus, dead water, diamonds,
graphite. Also received responses from the 7th group of
sedimentary rocks (limestones) and the 11th group of igneous
rocks (kimberlites). On the surface of 10 km from the lower
part of the section, signals from the 7-10th groups of
sedimentary rocks were not received, but from kimberlites
were recorded immediately. By scanning the section with
steps of 1 m and 10 cm, the lower boundary of the limestones
was fixed at a depth of 4676 m.
Oil responses from limestones were recorded from the
surface, as well as at the 2770 m boundary from the
lower and upper parts of the section. By scanning the
section from 2770 m, step 1 cm, responses of oil from
limestones were obtained from the intervals: 1) 2771-
2794 m, 2) 2795.3-2815.45 m, 3) 2834.40-2854 m.
At the surface of 2854 m, no oil responses were obtained
from the lower part of the cross-section. At the surface of
2771 m, the signals from oil were absent from the upper
part of the section but were received from the lower part.
13. Instrumental measurements in Halabja
• Frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image of the block (Figure
B) from the surface recorded responses (signals) at the frequencies of oil,
condensate, gas, phosphorus, bacteria, sodium chloride and sedimentary
rocks of the 8th (dolomite) group.
• At the 57 km hydrocarbon synthesis boundary, responses were
recorded at the frequencies of oil, condensate and gas. By fixing the
responses at different depths, the root of the salt volcano was fixed at a
depth of 470 km. By scanning the section from the surface, step 50 cm,
the upper boundary of the salt was fixed at a depth of 480 m. On the
surface of 480 m, signals at the frequencies of dolomites and gas were
received from the upper part of the section; there were no responses from
salt and oil. During frequency-resonance processing of a satellite image
of a block fragment (rectangular contour in Figure A) from the surface,
no responses of condensate from the 2nd and 7th groups of sedimentary
rocks, as well as the 7th group of igneous rocks were obtained. Signals
from oil, condensate and gas from salt were recorded from the surface.
A - The position of the Halabja exploration area;
B - Satellite image of the Halabja area.
When scanning the section from 480 m, step 50 cm, the
responses from oil were obtained from two intervals:
1) 1140-1200 m, and 2) 3310-3340 m (traced up to 4 km).
(Figure B).
In Figure A by scanning the section from the surface, step 1 m, responses of oil from salt were recorded from the
following intervals: 1) 295-350 m, 2) 1190-1260 m, 3) 2015-2320 m (traced up to 5 km).When refining the depths of
the 1st interval with a step of 5 cm, oil responses were recorded from horizons 1) 297-311.5 m, 2) 328-330 m, and in
the third interval- from 1) 2018-2020 m, 2) 2059-2061 m, 3) 2132-2133 m, 4) 2192-2201 m, 5) 2249-2276 m, 6) 2307-
2310 m, 7) 2317-2321 m, 8) 2326-2329 m. When refining the depths of the fifth layer in the 3rd interval by scanning
with a step of 1 cm, the responses of oil from salt were obtained from the layers: 1) 2249.5-2250.8 m, 2) 2252-2252.8
m, 3) 2254.2-2264.75 m, 4) 2266-2269.8 m, 5) 2271.25-2275.75 m.
14. Results of instrumental measurements in Shakal structure
The results of the conducted experimental research of a reconnaissance nature within two blocks
in Kurdistan allow us to state the following:
A) The fixation of responses at the frequencies of hydrocarbons during the frequency-resonance
processing of local fragments of images of blocks indicates the expediency of conducting
prospecting works within their limits of a detailed nature.
B) According to the results of scanning the section within the local area of the Shakal block, the
interval of the section 2760-2865 m (approx. Eocene-Jaddala formation) is promising for
prospecting for oil deposits.
Note:
In the well Shakal-1 cased-hole DST of the lower Jaddala (2799.6-2812), resulted in flow rates as
high as 1100 BOPD; and cased-hole DST of the upper Jaddala (2777-2789), resulted in a peak
flow rate of 1450 BOPD. The closed-hole tests all resulted in a rapid decline of flow and pressure,
suggesting a small reservoir volume in the area of the well. Reserve potential as proven by the well
was apparently noncommercial. Shakal-2 well from Jaddala Well Briefly flowed hydrocarbons to
surface (400-500 bpd). Above Jaddala in Euphrates the interval was very poor and was poor
flow from the reservoir. The well Shakal-3 were almost dry hole.
Recomendation: To record the responses from the layers, it is necessary to scan the section with
a step of 1 cm, or smaller.
15. Results of instrumental measurements in Halabja structure
Within the local area of the Halabja block, intervals of 295-335 m (Miocene); 1200-1250 m ; 2015-2330 m ;1140-1200 m,
and 3310-3340 m are promising for oil prospecting (Palaeocene- Cretaceous-Jurassic Possibly Triassic)
Note:
Depth range of our prognosed intervals of oil much closer to Qara Dagh HC intervals from the same reservoirs.
In terms of surface geology, it assumed that Jurassic, Triassic, possibly Upper Paleozoic deposits are promising in Halabja
block.
Note: QaraDagh well (TD 4196m) encountered anomalously thick Aaliji (1160m) and Tanjero (1450m) sections and was
unable to reach the prognosed Jurassic and Triassic objectives. Oil was recovered. Test results were inconclusive due to
unexpected technical reason
The materials of the studies carried out at the sites in Kurdistan demonstrate the
operability and efficiency of the direct-prospecting technology of frequency-
resonance processing of satellite images and photo images in the search for
accumulations of hydrocarbons on onshore.
Recommendation: The obtained values of the parameters of the cross-section
at the survey sites in Kurdistan are integral estimates - not point-to-point. To
obtain point estimates, it is necessary to process small fragments of satellite
images (or photo images). A limited amount of measurement procedures has
been carried out when conducting research on individual objects. The
highlighted intervals of responses at the frequencies of oil and gas with
scanning steps of 100 cm, 50 cm and 10 cm are the areas of prospecting for oil
and gas reservoirs
16. Conclusions
• In Shakal and Halabja blocks an experimental studies were carried out using mobile direct-search
technology, frequency-resonance processing and decoding of remote sensing data (satellite images)
and photographs . The individual components (methods) of the technology used are developed on the
principles of the "material" paradigm of geophysical research , the essence of which is to search for a
specific (required in each case) substance - oil, gas, gas condensate, gold, iron, water, etc. etc.
• The low-cost technology as a whole, as well as its individual methods, can be used in various regions
for a preliminary assessment of the oil and gas potential of poorly explored and unexplored
prospecting blocks and local areas. (Case study: Halabja)
• Additional studies carried out promptly using direct-prospecting methods at local drilling sites of
prospecting and exploratory wells will contribute to an increase in the drilling success rate (an
increase in the number of wells with commercial hydrocarbon inflows). (Case study Shakal).
• Well placement in the areas of vertical channels of fluid migration can lead to an increase in
hydrocarbon inflows. Mobile technology can also be successfully applied to investigate poorly
explored areas and blocks within known oil and gas fields.
17. Low Fold Belt
• 36 total identified structures
• 27 structures with shows
• 3 failed structures
• 6 undrilled blocks
• Geologic Success Rate: 90%
▪ High Fold Belt
• 25 total identified structures
• 11 structures with shows
• 4 failed structures
• 2 structures currently being
tested
• 9 undrilled blocks
• Geologic Success Rate: 73.3%
▪ Thrust belt
• Remains untested
Shakal & Halabja blocks (QaraDagh
block closed to Halabja) are in the
vicinity of significant oil and gas
discoveies;
Southern part of KRI contains lighter oil
Charge – Discoveries & Exploration Successes.
20. Research method work flow
During frequency-resonance processing in the reconnaissance mode of prepared fragments of satellite
images and photo images, the processing graph is used, which includes the following sequence of actions
(steps).
1. Fixation from the Earth's surface of the presence (absence) of responses (signals) from the set of
minerals and chemical elements: oil, condensate, gas, amber, phosphorus, oil shale, argillite breccia,
gas hydrate rocks, gas hydrates, coal, hydrogen, living water (deep water), dead water, diamonds, gold,
lonsdaleite, potassium-magnesium salt, sodium chloride salt, etc.
2. Registration of responses from groups of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks, composing the
section.
3. Establishment of the presence on the survey area of deep channels (volcanoes), filled with various
groups of rocks; determination of the depths of the volcanoes root’s location.
4. Performing the procedure of recording responses from oil, condensate, gas, and amber on the surface
(depth) of 57 km - the boundary of the synthesis of hydrocarbons and amber in deep channels
(volcanoes), filled with certain groups of rocks.
5. Fixation on the surface (depth) of 1 m of responses from the upper part of cross-section (near-surface
layer) from oil, condensate, gas and phosphorus, carbon dioxide to establish (confirm) the fact of
migration of their traces to the surface.
6. Using the cross-section scanning procedure, the depths intervals of the response at the frequencies of
oil, condensate, gas, hydrogen, and deep water are determined and refined