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6.26.165.95.85.75.65.55.45.35.25.154.94.84.74.64.54.44.34.24.143.93.83.73.63.53.43.33.23.132.92.82.72.62.52.42.32.22.121.91.81.71.61.5
13,000
12,000
11,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
-1,000
TiO2Anatasa 33.99%
TiO2BetaMonoclinica 66.01%
TiO2 Anatase
TiO2 β monoclinic
Obs.
Cal.
Obs-Cal
1009896949290888684828078767472706866646260585654525048464442403836343230282624222018161412
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
-2,000
Anatase 89.79%
Monoclinic 10.21%
TiO2 Anatase
TiO2 β monoclinic
Obs.
Cal.
Obs-Cal
The titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor employed as photocatalyst due to its properties, which vary according to their crystalline structure (anatase,
rutile, brookite and TiO2 (β)), being the anatase and rutile phases the most active. The main drawback of TiO2 is the high value of band gap (3.2 eV), which is in
the UV spectrum and it only absorbs 5% of solar radiation. In this work, Ce and La doped TiO2 compounds with molar ratio of 1, 3 and 5% were synthesized by
the sol-gel method. X-Ray diffraction results displayed the formation of anatase phase in all the compounds, as well as, small contributions of TiO2 (β) phase at
15° and 26° in 2θ. Rietveld refinement analysis calculated the percentages of phases in the compounds. TEM and SEM micrographs identified the phases in the
catalysts and confirmed the nanometric size and morphology of the catalysts. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the reduction on the band gap value attributed to
the lanthanum addition in the compounds. Finally, the samples were evaluated in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol showing a good photocatalytic response.
PHOTOCATALYTIC RESPONSE OF Ce, La DOPED TiO2 NANOPOWDERS ON
THE DEGRADATION OF 4-CP UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT
A.A. Rincon-Lopez1 , D.S.Garcia-Zaleta2 , J. Casto-Baeza2 , R.R. Collado-Torres2 , S.B. Brachetti Sibaja3
1Estudiante en Ing. en Nanotecnología, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica
Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México.
2Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, México.
3Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, México.
email: amauri-rincon.l@outlook.com, david.garcia@ujat.mx*
Figure 1. XRD patterns of undoped TiO2, a),b) Ce/TiO2 and c),d) La/ TiO2 at 450 °C
.
Table 2. Band-gap values and BET results of the obtained compounds.
Authors wish to thank the PRODEP program for the support of this presentation (UJAT-PTC-260) and
Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco for the laboratory use.
Undoped TiO2, Ce/TiO2 and La/TiO2 compounds at different concentrations were successful
obtained by sol gel method. XRD results displayed the anatase phase in all the compounds.
XRD and Rietveld refinement detected contributions of the TiO2 () phase. TEM technique
displays crystal sizes in order of nanometers. Degradation tests showed better results with
Ce/TiO2 compounds, especially 1% Ce/TiO2 in visible light.
ABSTRACT
X-RAY DIFRACTION
UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY AND BET ANALYSIS
RIETVELD RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Figure 4. Rietveld plots of samples: a) Ce/TiO2 and b) La/TiO2
DEGRADATION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL
20 40 60 80 100
Undoped TiO2
 
R AAAAAA
A
A
A
1% La/TiO2
Intensity(a.u.)
2  (Degrees)
c)
3% La/TiO2
5% La/TiO2
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
A


10 12 14 16 18 20 22
2  (Degrees)
Intensity(a.u.)
Undoped TiO2
1% La/TiO2
3% La/TiO2
5% La/TiO2
d)

A
R
Sample Pore Size
(nm)
Pore Volume
(cm3/g)
Surface Area
(m2/g)
Bandgap
(eV)
Undoped TiO2 4.1 0.069 97.26 3.1
1% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.051 72.95 3.1
3% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.068 95.64 3.1
5% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.079 111.27 3.0
1% La/TiO2 5.2 0.080 90.15 3.1
3% La/TiO2 5.2 0.064 86.89 3.0
5% La/TiO2 4.0 0.067 94.58 3.0
Table 1. Rietveld refinament results of the samples.
Samples
Phase (vol-%) and R-values
TiO2(B) Anatase Rutile
Other
phases
Rexp Rp Rwp GoF
UndopedTiO2 0 94 6 0 3.18 3.72 4.84 1.52
1% Ce/TiO2 10 90 0 0 3.11 4.21 5.44 1.75
3% Ce/TiO2 70 29 0 1 3.06 4.94 6.35 2.08
5% Ce/TiO2 71 27 0 2 3.07 4.84 6.21 2.02
1% La/TiO2 66 34 0 0 1.61 3.83 5.17 1.61
3% La/TiO2 69 28 2 1 3.16 3.94 5.03 1.60
5% La/TiO2 70 27 2 1 3.09 3.81 4.84 1.57
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
a) c)
Figure 2. TEM micrographs of a) Undoped TiO2, b) 1% Ce/TiO2 and c) 1% La/TiO2
a) c)
Figure 3. SEM micrographs of a) undoped TiO2, b) Ce/TiO2 and c) La/TiO2
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
b)
a) b)
Figure 5. Degradation results of the diverse samples and concentrations.
220 240 260 280 300 320
Abs.(a.u.)
Wavelenght (nm)
4-CP
Ads 30
Foto 20
Foto 40
Foto 60
Foto 80
Foto 100
Foto 120
Foto 140
Foto 160
Foto 180
1% Ce/TiO2
20 40 60 80 100
Undoped TiO2

1% Ce/TiO2

AAAAAAA
2  (Degrees)
3% Ce/TiO2
a)
Intensity(a.u.)
A
R
5% Ce/TiO2
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40


A
A
2  (Degrees)
Intensity(a.u.)
10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Undoped TiO2
1% Ce/TiO2
3% Ce/TiO2
5% Ce/TiO2
b)
R 
b)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
0
10
20
30
40
50
Degradationof4-CP(%)
Time (min)
TiO2 450
1% Ce/TiO2
3% Ce/TiO2
5% Ce/TiO2
1% La/TiO2
1% La/TiO2
1% La/TiO2
4-CP 30ppm Visible light

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RESPUESTA FOTOCATALITICA DE NANOPOLVOS DE TiO2 DOPADOS CON Ce Y La EN LA DEGRADACION DE 4-CP CON LUZ VISIBLE

  • 1. 6.26.165.95.85.75.65.55.45.35.25.154.94.84.74.64.54.44.34.24.143.93.83.73.63.53.43.33.23.132.92.82.72.62.52.42.32.22.121.91.81.71.61.5 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 -1,000 TiO2Anatasa 33.99% TiO2BetaMonoclinica 66.01% TiO2 Anatase TiO2 β monoclinic Obs. Cal. Obs-Cal 1009896949290888684828078767472706866646260585654525048464442403836343230282624222018161412 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 -2,000 Anatase 89.79% Monoclinic 10.21% TiO2 Anatase TiO2 β monoclinic Obs. Cal. Obs-Cal The titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor employed as photocatalyst due to its properties, which vary according to their crystalline structure (anatase, rutile, brookite and TiO2 (β)), being the anatase and rutile phases the most active. The main drawback of TiO2 is the high value of band gap (3.2 eV), which is in the UV spectrum and it only absorbs 5% of solar radiation. In this work, Ce and La doped TiO2 compounds with molar ratio of 1, 3 and 5% were synthesized by the sol-gel method. X-Ray diffraction results displayed the formation of anatase phase in all the compounds, as well as, small contributions of TiO2 (β) phase at 15° and 26° in 2θ. Rietveld refinement analysis calculated the percentages of phases in the compounds. TEM and SEM micrographs identified the phases in the catalysts and confirmed the nanometric size and morphology of the catalysts. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed the reduction on the band gap value attributed to the lanthanum addition in the compounds. Finally, the samples were evaluated in the degradation of 4-chlorophenol showing a good photocatalytic response. PHOTOCATALYTIC RESPONSE OF Ce, La DOPED TiO2 NANOPOWDERS ON THE DEGRADATION OF 4-CP UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT A.A. Rincon-Lopez1 , D.S.Garcia-Zaleta2 , J. Casto-Baeza2 , R.R. Collado-Torres2 , S.B. Brachetti Sibaja3 1Estudiante en Ing. en Nanotecnología, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México. 2Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, México. 3Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, México. email: amauri-rincon.l@outlook.com, david.garcia@ujat.mx* Figure 1. XRD patterns of undoped TiO2, a),b) Ce/TiO2 and c),d) La/ TiO2 at 450 °C . Table 2. Band-gap values and BET results of the obtained compounds. Authors wish to thank the PRODEP program for the support of this presentation (UJAT-PTC-260) and Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco for the laboratory use. Undoped TiO2, Ce/TiO2 and La/TiO2 compounds at different concentrations were successful obtained by sol gel method. XRD results displayed the anatase phase in all the compounds. XRD and Rietveld refinement detected contributions of the TiO2 () phase. TEM technique displays crystal sizes in order of nanometers. Degradation tests showed better results with Ce/TiO2 compounds, especially 1% Ce/TiO2 in visible light. ABSTRACT X-RAY DIFRACTION UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY AND BET ANALYSIS RIETVELD RESULTS CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Figure 4. Rietveld plots of samples: a) Ce/TiO2 and b) La/TiO2 DEGRADATION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL 20 40 60 80 100 Undoped TiO2   R AAAAAA A A A 1% La/TiO2 Intensity(a.u.) 2  (Degrees) c) 3% La/TiO2 5% La/TiO2 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 A   10 12 14 16 18 20 22 2  (Degrees) Intensity(a.u.) Undoped TiO2 1% La/TiO2 3% La/TiO2 5% La/TiO2 d)  A R Sample Pore Size (nm) Pore Volume (cm3/g) Surface Area (m2/g) Bandgap (eV) Undoped TiO2 4.1 0.069 97.26 3.1 1% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.051 72.95 3.1 3% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.068 95.64 3.1 5% Ce/TiO2 2.7 0.079 111.27 3.0 1% La/TiO2 5.2 0.080 90.15 3.1 3% La/TiO2 5.2 0.064 86.89 3.0 5% La/TiO2 4.0 0.067 94.58 3.0 Table 1. Rietveld refinament results of the samples. Samples Phase (vol-%) and R-values TiO2(B) Anatase Rutile Other phases Rexp Rp Rwp GoF UndopedTiO2 0 94 6 0 3.18 3.72 4.84 1.52 1% Ce/TiO2 10 90 0 0 3.11 4.21 5.44 1.75 3% Ce/TiO2 70 29 0 1 3.06 4.94 6.35 2.08 5% Ce/TiO2 71 27 0 2 3.07 4.84 6.21 2.02 1% La/TiO2 66 34 0 0 1.61 3.83 5.17 1.61 3% La/TiO2 69 28 2 1 3.16 3.94 5.03 1.60 5% La/TiO2 70 27 2 1 3.09 3.81 4.84 1.57 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY a) c) Figure 2. TEM micrographs of a) Undoped TiO2, b) 1% Ce/TiO2 and c) 1% La/TiO2 a) c) Figure 3. SEM micrographs of a) undoped TiO2, b) Ce/TiO2 and c) La/TiO2 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY b) a) b) Figure 5. Degradation results of the diverse samples and concentrations. 220 240 260 280 300 320 Abs.(a.u.) Wavelenght (nm) 4-CP Ads 30 Foto 20 Foto 40 Foto 60 Foto 80 Foto 100 Foto 120 Foto 140 Foto 160 Foto 180 1% Ce/TiO2 20 40 60 80 100 Undoped TiO2  1% Ce/TiO2  AAAAAAA 2  (Degrees) 3% Ce/TiO2 a) Intensity(a.u.) A R 5% Ce/TiO2 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40   A A 2  (Degrees) Intensity(a.u.) 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Undoped TiO2 1% Ce/TiO2 3% Ce/TiO2 5% Ce/TiO2 b) R  b) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 Degradationof4-CP(%) Time (min) TiO2 450 1% Ce/TiO2 3% Ce/TiO2 5% Ce/TiO2 1% La/TiO2 1% La/TiO2 1% La/TiO2 4-CP 30ppm Visible light