Resistance with narrations
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1) This document discusses how bacteria and insects can evolve resistance to antibiotics and pesticides due to variation, mutations, sexual reproduction, rapid reproduction rates, and selection pressures from human use of these substances. 2) It provides examples of bacteria and insects as organisms that can evolve quickly due to short generations and large numbers of offspring. 3) An activity is described to show how bacterial resistance to antibiotics depends on genetic variation, the adaptive value of resistance genes, survival of resistant bacteria when exposed to antibiotics, and reproduction of the resistant bacteria to pass on those genes.
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Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a topic that is causing increasing concern in the health community. Antibiotics are a necessary drug to help protect and heal us from pathogenic infections that our immune system is unable to successfully combat on its own. However, bacteria are very adept at utilizing evolutionary processes to develop antibiotic resistance in order to promote their own survival, reproduction and persistence. The development of antibiotic resistant bacteria is occurring at an alarming rate. Researchers are investigating the mechanisms that confer resistance on bacteria. With techniques for genomic sequencing now readily available, understanding of genetic mechanisms of resistance and evolution as a whole has been advancing rapidly. Researchers have found that bacteria are very adept at gene mutation and horizontal gene transfer. New insights regarding pleiotrophy and epistasis have been provided through these techniques. A possible result of this research will be the discovery of new antibiotic therapies. However, as the research is demonstrating, even if we develop new antibiotics, bacteria will develop resistance to them. Thus, important considerations to be taken from the research include finding ways to slow the development of resistance as we will most likely never be able to stop it entirely.
HOW MICROBES RULE THE WORLD?
Microbes outnumber human cells 10 to 1 and play important roles in human health and disease. While some microbes cause illness, most are harmless or beneficial. Microbes are found everywhere including in the air, water, soil, and inside and on the human body. They aid in digestion and prevent infection. However, overuse of antibiotics has led to increased antibiotic resistance in microbes, threatening our ability to treat infectious diseases. Antibiotic resistance occurs as bacteria evolve and share DNA allowing them to survive drug exposure. Prudent antibiotic use is needed to slow the development and spread of resistant microbes.
A report on Antibiotics
A brief description to antibiotic uses in chemistry.It includes almost every thing related to antibiotic chemistry
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics and it’s prevention
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, resistance can develop through mutations or by acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria. This makes treatments ineffective for infections that were previously treatable. To slow the development of resistance, it is important to only use antibiotics appropriately when needed, follow prescribed treatment plans fully, and prevent the spread of infections. Proper antibiotic stewardship among healthcare providers and the public can help ensure these drugs remain effective.
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health concern as many disease-causing bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites have developed resistance to existing drugs used to treat infections. Microbes develop resistance through natural evolution and selection pressures from overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. Inappropriate and unnecessary use in human medicine, agriculture, and a lack of new drug development are exacerbating the problem. New rapid diagnostics and antimicrobial stewardship are needed to help curb rising drug resistance.
Antibiotic resistance
In this slide the topic " Antibiotic/ Antimicrobial Resistance" is discussed as a presentation.
This will help you in your presentation work.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are important for modern medicine as they allow complex surgeries and treat infections. Most antibiotics are produced in laboratories based on compounds found in nature that microbes use against other microbes. Antibiotics work by attacking bacterial cell walls or interfering with reproduction. They can be bactericidal, killing bacteria, or bacteriostatic, stopping their growth. Common types target a narrow or broad range of bacteria. While antibiotics revolutionized medicine, their overuse and misuse has led to increased antibiotic resistance.
antibiotic resistance.ppt
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and its mechanisms and spread. It covers:
1. The definition of antibiotic resistance as bacteria developing mechanisms to resist antibiotic effects by modifying target sites, pumping out antibiotics, or breaking them down.
2. The three outcomes when antibiotics are introduced - death, growth inhibition, or resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat as it makes infections harder to treat.
3. The primary drivers of resistance are overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human and animal populations. Resistance can spread between bacteria and be transferred between locations and populations in various ways such as person-to-person, through food, water, travel, trade, and from animals to humans.
Final Proposal
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether culturing E. coli with Streptococcus salivarius or Staphylococcus epidermidis increased the rate of antibiotic resistance in E. coli compared to culturing E. coli alone. Over multiple generations, resistance to penicillin, streptomycin, and erythromycin increased for both the mixed cultures and E. coli alone. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the rate of increased resistance between the mixed cultures and E. coli alone, contradicting the initial hypothesis.
PP_less_V_chopra
The document discusses microbiology and microorganisms. It defines microbiology as the study of organisms too small to see without magnification, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminthes. It notes that bacteria are very tiny, around 1-2 micrometers in size. The document outlines some key figures in the field, including Antonie van Leeuwenhoek who first observed microbes under magnification, and Louis Pasteur who demonstrated germ theory and developed pasteurization. It also discusses how microorganisms are identified, measured, and classified, and notes that while some are pathogens and cause disease, many are beneficial and help with processes like nutrient production and decomposition.
Evolution of antibitics resistance1
this is a review about evolution of antibiotic resistance. I tried to answer how bacteria acquire new genes to resist, how they choose, what are people doing to prevent this increasing resistance levels.
ANTIBIOTIC_RESISTANCE.ppt
Bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance quickly through their ability to reproduce rapidly and exchange genes with other bacteria. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics applies evolutionary pressure that allows resistant bacteria to multiply, passing their resistance to other species. Within 20 years of an antibiotic's introduction, bacterial strains have often evolved resistance to it. The rise of resistant pathogens is exacerbated by incomplete treatment courses and the use of antibiotics for non-bacterial infections, as it kills benign bacteria and allows resistant strains to flourish.
Antibiotic resistance infections & approach in homoeopathy medical science
Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health issue as many bacterial infections are now resistant to common antibiotics. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led bacteria to evolve and become resistant. In hospitals, antibiotic use and underlying patient health conditions increase the risk of resistant infections. Community risks include close contact with infected individuals and antibiotic use in livestock. Homoeopathic approaches focus on remedies that address conditions from antibiotic overuse like Carbo Veg, Magnesium Phos, and Opium. Proper antibiotic use and hygiene are important for prevention.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics ---Historical Respectives----Its action on body---Antiviral drugs--Antifungal drugs---testing of antibiotics---antibiotic targets..etc
Chapter 1 microbiology as a science
This document provides an overview of microbiology and its relevance to healthcare. It defines microbiology as the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses pioneers in microbiology like Van Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Koch and how they advanced the germ theory of disease. The document also summarizes Koch's postulates, exceptions to the postulates, and careers in microbiology like medical and clinical microbiology.
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Bacterial resistance against antibiotics and it’s prevention
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Resistance with narrations
- 1. AIM: What is an example of evolution we can observe today? DO NOW: 1.)What are antibiotics and how do they work? 2.) What are pesticides and how do they work? 1.) Antibiotics are medicines that are used to kill bacteria. 2.) Pesticides are chemicals used to kill insects.
- 2. Variation Variation comes from GENES. New genes are produced through MUTATIONS or SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Variations are passed down from PARENT to OFFSPRING
- 3. Rate of Evolution Evolution is CHANGE OVER TIME. Observed over GENERATIONS. We can observe evolution with organisms with shorter generations, and that REPRODUCE with MANY OFFSPRING and RAPIDLY.
- 4. Examples BACTERIA INSECTS
- 6. ACTIVITY Students will show how bacterial resistance depends on VARIATION ADAPTIVE VALUE OF THIS VARIATION SURVIVAL REPRODUCTION
- 7. In the original population there is a variety of genes, resistant and non- resistant Resistant adaptation is not affected by antibiotics Those bacteria with resistant genes will be able to survive when exposed to antibiotics The bacteria with resistant genes reproduce and pass on their genes.
- 8. SUMMARY: 1.) How have humans caused natural selection of bacteria and insects? 2.) How is resistance different from immunity? 1.) Humans overuse antibiotics and pesticides killing the non-resistant bacteria and insects, selecting for the resistant genes to survive and reproduce 2.) Resistant is inherited, Immunity is also inherited but you develop immunity over your lifetime, you can not develop resistance.