2. Objectives
• Examine Design, Performance
& Test Considerations
• Use of Performance Tool in
Evaluating Performance Gains
• Recommendations for
Ensuring Objectives of LP
Turbine Rotor Replacement
Programs are Met

3. Background
• Majority of U.S. Turbines
Originally GE or Westinghouse
• 104 Turbines - 56 GE, 44
Westinghouse, 3 Siemens and 1
BBC
• LSB - 38” or 43” for GE, 40” or
44” for Westinghouse/Siemens,
52” for BBC

4. Table 1
1 Westinghouse TC4F-44" LSB 888,315 6,416,567 495.2 12,958 103%
2 Westinghouse TC4F-44" LSB 888,315 6,416,567 495.2 12,958 103%
1 Westinghouse TC6F-44" LSB 1,085,391 7,565,329 742.8 10,185 81%
2 Westinghouse TC6F-44" LSB 1,085,391 7,565,329 742.8 10,185 81%
1 General Electric TC4F-43" LSB 849,206 5,583,138 495.2 11,275 89%
2 General Electric TC4F-43" LSB 849,206 5,583,138 495.2 11,275 89%
1 Westinghouse TC6F-44" LSB 1,085,391 7,565,329 742.8 10,185 81%
2 Westinghouse TC6F-44" LSB 1,085,391 7,565,329 742.8 10,185 81%
1 General Electric TC6F-38" LSB 883,053 5,997,306 634.2 9,456 75%
2 Westinghouse TC6F-40" LSB 877,967 5,869,854 634.2 9,256 73%
1 General Electric TC6F-43" LSB 1,205,091 7,903,237 742.8 10,640 84%
2 General Electric TC6F-43" LSB 1,205,091 7,903,237 742.8 10,640 84%
1 Siemens TC4F-44" LSB 1,160,706 7,960,473 495.2 16,075 ------
2 Siemens TC4F-44" LSB 1,160,706 7,960,473 495.2 16,075 ------
8 Westinghouse TC4F-44" LSB 800,838 5,608,615 495.2 11,326 90%
1 General Electric TC6F-43" LSB 1,089,095 7,686,079 742.8 10,347 82%
2 Brown Boveri TC6F-52" LSB 1,178,674 8,348,511 1055.0 7,913 ------
Plant
5
6
7
9
1
2
3
4
Total LPT
Exhaust
Annulus Area,
sq.ft.
LPT Exhaust
End Loading,
lb/hr/sq.ft
Total LPT
Exhaust Steam
Flow, lb/hr
Rating, KwType
Unit
No.
Original Main Turbine Data
%End
Loading
Manufacturer

5. Background (contd.)
• Usual Arrangement one HP
and Two or Three LP in
Tandem
• LP Accounts for Bulk of Total
Output with About 10% From
Last Stage

6. Background (contd.)
• Performance of LP Turbine
–Initial & Final Conditions
–Slope & Shape of Expansion
Line
–Moisture Removal Zones
Effectiveness
–Exhaust Losses

7. Background (contd.)
• Exhaust Losses
–Leaving Loss
–Hood Loss
• Charged to Last Stage
• End Loading (Flow/Annulus
Area) Critical Consideration in
Operating Range/Losses

8. Figure 1 – LSB 38” – 40”

9. Figure 2 – LSB 43” – 44”

10. Background (contd.)
• End Loading About 13,000
Lb/Hr/Sq.Ft.
• Best Performance Close to
Choke Point (Max. Flow)
• Higher End Loading
–Higher Losses
–Narrower Useful Operating Range

11. Background (contd.)
• LP Rotors Classification:
–Fully Integral (U.S., European)
–Shrunk-on Disk (U.S.,
European)
–Welded Fabrication (BBC)
• Since 1980’s, Solid
Monoblock Popular

12. Background (contd.)
• Advantages Cited:
–Elimination of SCC
–Reduced
Inspection/Maintenance
–Improved Efficiencies
–Integrally Shrouded Blades
–Free-Standing, Longer LSB
–End Loadings up to 18,000
Lb/Hr/Sq.Ft.

13. Fig. 3 – Original LP Rotors
Thermal Kit Heat Balance
NSSS THERMAL POWER = 3423.01 MWT
GENERATOR OUTPUT = 1162.43 MW
0 W
1197.52 H
155,056 W 14,258,423 W
162.87 P 370 W 765.00 P
1264.18 H 1197.52 H 1197.52 H
0.40%M
10,440,812 W 11,054 W
1264.18 H 1197.52 H
2.00 IN.HGA EFF. = 77.00 %
995.70 H 14,865,549 W
PB = 722.93 805.00 P
P1STG = 575.12 1197.52 H
H1STG = 1180.64 0.25%M
DELP = 5.50%
16,745 W PB = 165.23 2,846 W 2,846 W
1166.74 H 1106.95 H 1106.95 H
337 W 337 W
7,262 W 1032.13 H 1056.78 H 1087.89 H 155,056 W 1106.95 H 1106.95 H
1166.74 H 1048.63 H 1070.50 H 1097.60 H 1155.88 H 1155.88 H
168.61 P 1156.98 H 1156.98 H
3.06 P 6.45 P 13.60 P 36.38 P 81.88 P 484.84 F 180.96 P 392.79 P 392.79 P 180.96 P
7,890,612 W 16,745 W 1264.18 H
ELEP = 977.95 H 596,072 W 753.98 P 596,072 W
TEP = 999.09 H TD = 25.00 F
2STG. RHTR. 743.43 P 0 W 596,072 W
142,124 W 171.17 P 509.84 F 1197.52 H 499.69 h
110.20 h 415.96 F Blowdown
60,629 W 16,745 W 1224.92 H 413,020 W 390.82 P 0 W
CWT = 61.45 F 1048.63 H 98,442 W 1166.74 H TD = 25.00 F 411.83 h
HWT = 75.24 F 1.50 IN.HGA 0 W 176.24 h 0 W 1STG. RHTR. 385.35 P 413,020 W
TR = 13.79 F 347,867 W 1166.74 H 173.78 P 440.96 F 0 W 420.10 h
GPM = 1,110,000 0 W Makeup 131,251 W 1097.60 H 520,142 W 1196.20 H 499.69 h
CF = 85.00 % 91.72 F 141.21 h 1149.90 H 179.15 P 1,009,092 W
672,739 W 586,489 W 1106.95 H 0 W 467.12 h
1070.50 H 1207.74 H MSEFF = 100.00 % 10.48 %M 21,418 W 1,156,867 W
250.00 P 1,240,033 W 824,482 W 422.18 h 1156.98 H 373.72 P
59.74 h 6.32 P 13.41 P 33.81 P 77.78 P 176.20 P 171.44 P TD = 5.00 F
8,306 W TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F 344.33 h TD = 5.00 F
10,613,657 W 250.00 P 1099.02 P 14,865,549 W
10,613,657 W 91.83 F 167.31 F 202.40 F 252.25 F 305.10 F 364.11 F 365.51 F 366.99 F 433.00 F
59.74 h 60.51 h 172.31 F 135.86 h 207.40 F 171.04 h 257.25 F 221.33 h 310.10 F 275.30 h 369.11 F 336.78 h 338.26 h 341.06 h 438.00 F 411.83 h
DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F
178.20 h 25,590 W 369.11 F
2,365,236 W 2,356,930 W 1,552,941 W 1,106,631 W 586,489 W 341.96 h
101.83 F 177.31 F 212.40 F 262.25 F 2,187,376 W
69.84 h 145.32 h 180.61 h 231.14 h 376.99 F
350.61 h
4,251,892 W 4,251,892 W
341.96 h 250.00 P
341.96 h
X
TV
CV TV
S
GC
FPT
TV
RSV
A
CONDENSER
TANK
T
STM.
HTG.
FP
LP TURBINE
REGULATOR
CP
HTR.21 HTR.22 HTR.23 HTR.24
N T
HTR.25
MOIST.SEP.
HP TURBINE
M
N
HTR.26
M
N
W W
S
M H
H
X
X A
STEAM
GENERATOR
DP

14. Original LP Rotors
• From Fig. 3:
–LSB 44”
–Annulus Area 127.4 Sq.Ft.
–Total Exhaust Flow 7,890,612 Lb/Hr
–Exhaust Flow Per End =
7,890,612÷6 = 1,315,102 Lb/Hr
–Maximum Design Exhaust Flow =
1,560,000 Lb/Hr (Fig. 2)
–End Loading = 1,315,012/1,560,000
= 84%

15. Original LP Rotors (contd.)
• From Fig. 3:
–Annulus Velocity = 1123 Fps
–Exhaust Loss = 21.1 Btu/lb
–HP Shaft Output = 359,763 Kw
–LP Shaft Output = 821,047 Kw
= 70% of Total
• Design Heat Balance Fig. 4
–Uses Thermal Kit/Design Data
–Developed Using Performance
Tool

16. Fig. 4 – Original LP Rotors
Design Heat Balance
0 W 0 W
745.11 P 1197.52 H
1197.52 H
14,236,296 W
144,230 W 370 W 765.00 P
161.91 P 1197.52 H 1197.52 H
1264.13 H 0.40%M
10,465,299 W 11,063 W
1264.13 H 1197.52 H
2.00 IN.HGA EFF. = 77.00 %
995.94 H 14,842,360 W
PB = 722.48 805.00 P
P1STG = 574.24 1197.52 H
H1STG = 1180.54 0.25%M
DELP = 5.56%
16,744 W PB = 165.62 2,841 W 2,841 W
1166.82 H 1107.04 H 1107.04 H
144,230 W 337 W 337 W
7,262 W 1032.17 H 1056.84 H 1087.62 H 1264.13 H 1107.04 H 1107.04 H
1166.82 H 1048.67 H 1070.56 H 1097.38 H 1156.03 H 1156.03 H
169.00 P 1157.13 H 1157.13 H
3.07 P 6.47 P 13.57 P 36.43 P 82.09 P 484.84 F 181.39 P 393.76 P 393.76 P 181.39 P
7,914,791 W 16,744 W 1264.13 H
ELEP = 977.83 H
TEP = 999.10 H 142,559 W 595,002 W 753.98 P 595,002 W
110.33 h TD = 25.00 F
60,815 W 743.42 P 0 W 595,002 W
1048.67 H 171.57 P 509.84 F 1197.52 H 499.69 h
8,306 W 8,306 W 16,744 W 416.20 F 0 W
CWT = 61.40 F 178.20 h 1163.34 H 98,971 W 1166.82 H 1225.00 H 414,216 W 391.79 P 342.67 h
HWT = 75.21 F 1.50 IN.HGA W 176.13 h 533,424 W W TD = 25.00 F
TR = 13.80 F 377,694 W 1149.85 H 1166.82 H 386.30 P 414,216 W
GPM = 1,110,000 0 W 130,943 W 1097.38 H 174.19 P 441.20 F 420.37 h
CF = 85.00 % 91.72 F 141.35 h 585,183 W 1196.23 H 179.57 P 1,009,218 W
630,400 W 1207.77 H 1107.04 H 467.14 h 0 W
253,781 W 1070.56 H MSEFF = 100.00 % 10.47%M 841,754 W 21,348 W 1,101,743 W 510.68 h
484.70 P 1,240,981 W 1107.04 H 0 W 422.45 h 1157.13 H
61.54 h 176.61 P 499.69 h
344.53 h 0 W
158,888 W 177,808 W 195,061 W 280,585 W 342.67 h
374,363 W
6.34 P 13.38 P 33.86 P 77.98 P 171.84 P 374.64 P
TD = 8.21 F TD = 5.31 F TD = 4.16 F TD = 4.39 F TD = 3.39 F 7,942 W TD = 6.27 F
1196.17 H
3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 4,947,453 W 4,947,453 W
92.24 F 172.44 F 164.23 F 207.30 F 201.98 F 201.84 F 257.33 F 253.18 F 310.28 F 305.89 F 365.90 F 384.70 P 1007.20 P 368.65 F 438.24 F 431.97 F
61.54 h DC = 8.64 F 133.23 h DC = 12.46 F 171.01 h 171.01 h DC = 9.11 F 222.60 h DC = 9.2 F 276.38 h 338.87 h 10,627,317 W 367.03 F 368.65 F 342.67 h DC = 8.31 F 410.60 h
365.90 F 340.06 h 342.67 h
785,539 W 531,758 W 176.69 F 372,869 W 210.95 F 195,061 W 262.33 F 0 W 288,527 W 369.29 F 338.87 h 0 W
100.88 F 68.87 h 144.68 h 179.11 h 231.13 h 342.16 h
0 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 413,660 W 710,770 W 376.96 F 14,842,360 W
253,781 W 158,888 W 177,808 W 195,061 W 280,585 W 350.33 h 374,363 W 336,406 W 431.97 F
6.34 P 13.38 P 10,627,317 W 33.86 P 77.98 P 171.84 P 0 W 374.64 P 410.60 h
TD = 8.21 F TD = 5.31 F 201.84 F TD = 4.16 F TD = 4.39 F TD = 3.39 F 7,942 W 1,405,014 W 384.70 P TD = 6.27 F
171.01 h 1196.17 H 369.29 F 369.86 F
3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 342.16 h 343.06 h 4,947,453 W 4,947,453 W
92.24 F 172.44 F 164.23 F 207.30 F 201.98 F 201.84 F 257.33 F 253.18 F 310.28 F 305.89 F 365.90 F 384.70 P 1007.20 P 368.65 F 438.24 F 431.97 F
61.54 h DC = 8.64 F 133.23 h DC = 12.46 F 171.01 h 171.01 h DC = 9.11 F 222.60 h DC = 9.2 F 276.38 h 338.87 h 367.03 F 368.65 F 342.67 h DC = 8.31 F 410.60 h
340.06 h 342.67 h
785,539 W 531,758 W 176.69 F 372,869 W 210.95 F 195,061 W 262.33 F 0 W 288,527 W 369.29 F 0 W
100.88 F 68.87 h 144.68 h 179.11 h 231.13 h 342.16 h 710,770 W 376.96 F
0 W 253,781 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 413,660 W 350.33 h 336,406 W
158,888 W 177,808 W 195,061 W 280,585 W 1,405,014 W 0 W 374,363 W
6.34 P 13.38 P 33.86 P 77.98 P 171.84 P 369.29 F 374.64 P
TD = 8.21 F TD = 5.31 F TD = 4.16 F TD = 4.39 F TD = 3.39 F 7,942 W 342.16 h TD = 6.27 F
1196.17 H 384.70 P
3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 3,542,439 W 369.86 F 4,947,453 W 4,947,453 W
92.24 F 172.44 F 164.23 F 207.30 F 201.98 F 201.84 F 257.33 F 253.18 F 257.33 F 305.89 F 365.90 F 343.06 h 368.65 F 438.24 F 431.97 F
61.54 h DC = 8.64 F 133.23 h DC = 12.46 F 171.01 h 171.01 h DC = 9.11 F 222.60 h DC = 9.15 F 276.38 h 338.87 h 342.67 h DC = 8.31 F 410.60 h
0 W
785,539 W 531,758 W 176.69 F 372,869 W 210.95 F 195,061 W 262.33 F 0 W 288,527 W 369.29 F 342.16 h
100.88 F 68.87 h 144.68 h 179.11 h 231.13 h 413,660 W 710,770 W 376.96 F
0 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 350.33 h
1,405,014 W 384.70 P 0 W
369.29 F 369.86 F
342.16 h 343.06 h
S
HDP
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TANK
2B
TANK
2C
TANK
2A
SG BLOWDOWN
BYPASS BYPASSBYPASS
Y
TV CV TV
S
FPT
TV
RSV
CONDENSER
T
FP
LP TURBINE
REGULATOR
CP
HTR.21A HTR.22A HTR.23A HTR.24A
MOIST.SEP.
HP TURBINE
HTR.26A
M
N
W
M H
H
X
X A
STEAM
GENERATOR
W
A N T
HTR.21B HTR.22B HTR.23B HTR.24B
GSC
HTR.21C HTR.22C
HTR.23C HTR.24C
COND.
DEMIN.
HTR.25A
HTR.25B
HTR.25C
FP
HTR.26B
HTR.26C
Y
FROM FP
TO MSCDT
SG BLOWDOWN
1STG.RHTR.
2STG.RHTR.
LP EXHAUST
HDP
N
M
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND. TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
FPT EXHAUST
HDP

17. Fig. 5 – Replacement LP Rotors
Thermal Kit Heat Balance
0 W
1197.53 H
154,030 W 14,064,720 W
159.96 P 409 W 765.00 P
1264.36 H 1197.53 H 1197.53 H
0.40%M
10,409,998 W 11,307 W
1264.36 H 1197.53 H
2.00 IN.HGA EFF. = 77.00 %
996.65 H 14,726,960 W
PB = 718.83 805.00 P
P1STG = 548.55 1197.53 H
H1STG = 1179.10 0.25%M
DELP = 6.03%
17,006 W PB = 163.62 2,849 W 2,849 W
1166.93 H 1106.21 H 1106.21 H
337 W 337 W
7,536 W 1024.01 H 1049.91 H 1083.28 H 154,030 W 1106.21 H 1106.21 H
1166.93 H 1041.60 H 1064.62 H 1093.72 H 1152.37 H 1152.37 H
166.96 P 1153.53 H 1153.53 H
2.72 P 5.91 P 13.22 P 35.55 P 79.39 P 484.84 F 179.20 P 367.24 P 367.24 P 179.20 P
7,865,072 W 17,005 W 1264.36 H
ELEP = 977.51 H 650,933 W 753.98 P 650,933 W
TEP = 995.21 H TD = 25.00 F
2STG. RHTR. 743.43 P 0 W 650,933 W
151,655 W 169.50 P 509.84 F 1197.53 H 499.69 h
105.64 h 409.49 F Blowdown
60,508 W 17,006 W 1221.36 H 361,028 W 365.41 P 0 W
CWT = 61.72 F 1041.60 H 105,758 W 1166.93 H TD = 25.00 F 404.44 h
HWT = 75.41 F 1.50 IN.HGA 0 W 174.83 h 0 W 1STG. RHTR. 360.29 P 361,028 W
TR = 13.69 F 373,420 W 1166.93 H 172.09 P 434.49 F 0 W 412.89 h
GPM = 1,110,000 0 W Makeup 140,135 W 1093.72 H 514,486 W 1196.05 H 499.69 h
CF = 85.00 % 91.72 F 137.40 h 1144.59 H 177.41 P 1,011,961 W
626,473 W 581,960 W 1106.21 H 0 W 468.73 h
1064.62 H 1203.50 H MSEFF = 100.00 % 10.54 %M 21,996 W 1,021,994 W
250.00 P 1,244,302 W 844,592 W 414.93 h 1153.53 H 348.23 P
61.14 h 5.79 P 13.12 P 32.84 P 75.49 P 174.48 P 170.19 P TD = 5.00 F
8,619 W TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F TD = 5.00 F 343.48 h TD = 5.00 F
10,582,115 W 250.00 P 1096.00 P 14,726,960 W
10,582,117 W 93.26 F 163.54 F 201.32 F 250.56 F 303.05 F 363.51 F 364.90 F 366.38 F 426.25 F
61.14 h 61.94 h 168.54 F 132.08 h 206.32 F 169.95 h 255.56 F 219.62 h 308.05 F 273.19 h 368.51 F 336.16 h 337.61 h 340.41 h 431.25 F 404.44 h
DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F DC = 10.0 F
178.20 h 23,798 W 368.51 F
2,350,851 W 2,342,232 W 1,575,624 W 1,096,445 W 581,960 W 341.33 h
103.26 F 173.54 F 211.32 F 260.56 F 2,055,950 W
71.27 h 141.53 h 179.52 h 229.41 h 376.38 F
349.93 h
4,144,845 W 4,144,845 W
341.33 h 250.00 P
341.33 h
X
TV CV TV
S
GC
FPT
TV
RSV
A
CONDENSER
TANK
T
STM.
HTG.
FP
LP TURBINE
REGULATOR
CP
HTR.21 HTR.22 HTR.23 HTR.24
N T
HTR.25
MOIST.SEP.
HP TURBINE
M
N
HTR.26
M
N
W W
S
M H
H
X
X A
STEAM
GENERATOR
DP

18. Replacement LP Rotors
• From Fig. 5:
–LSB 47”
–Annulus Area 139.18 Sq.Ft/End
–Annulus Velocity = 1024 Fps
–Exhaust Loss = 17.7 Btu/lb
–HP Shaft Output = 361,668 Kw
–LP Shaft Output = 838,937 Kw
–Increase in LP Shaft Output = 18
Mw

19. Fig. 6 – Replacement LP Rotors
Design Heat Balance
0 W 0 W
745.11 P 1197.53 H
1197.53 H
14,055,918 W
143,160 W 409 W 765.00 P
160.28 P 1197.53 H 1197.53 H
1264.32 H 0.40%M
10,432,599 W 11,311 W
1264.32 H 1197.53 H
2.00 IN.HGA EFF. = 77.00 %
996.53 H 14,716,904 W
PB = 718.63 805.00 P
P1STG = 548.23 1197.53 H
H1STG = 1179.10 0.25%M
DELP = 6.06%
17,006 W PB = 163.95 2,847 W 2,847 W
1166.95 H 1106.20 H 1106.20 H
143,160 W 337 W 337 W
7,536 W 1023.99 H 1049.91 H 1083.05 H 1264.32 H 1106.20 H 1106.20 H
1166.95 H 1041.59 H 1064.62 H 1093.52 H 1152.52 H 1152.52 H
167.30 P 1153.68 H 1153.68 H
2.73 P 5.92 P 13.19 P 35.58 P 79.58 P 484.84 F 179.56 P 368.21 P 368.21 P 179.56 P
7,877,284 W 17,004 W 1264.32 H
ELEP = 977.41 H
TEP = 995.17 H 151,954 W 649,675 W 753.98 P 649,675 W
105.70 h TD = 25.00 F
60,603 W 743.42 P 0 W 649,675 W
1041.59 H 169.84 P 509.84 F 1197.53 H 499.69 h
8,619 W 8,619 W 17,006 W 409.74 F 0 W
CWT = 61.76 F 28.06 h 1163.65 H 106,190 W 1166.95 H 1221.46 H 362,395 W 366.37 P 341.96 h
HWT = 75.43 F 1.50 IN.HGA 0 W 174.72 h 530,599 W 0 W TD = 25.00 F
TR = 13.68 F 399,648 W 1144.56 H 1166.95 H 361.24 P 362,395 W
GPM = 1,110,000 0 W 139,867 W 1093.52 H 172.43 P 434.74 F 413.17 h
CF = 85.00 % 91.72 F 137.46 h 580,659 W 1196.08 H 177.76 P 1,012,070 W
595,265 W 1203.57 H 1106.20 H 468.71 h 0 W
245,044 W 1064.62 H MSEFF = 100.00 % 10.54%M 864,371 W 21,937 W 978,099 W 510.68 h
484.70 P 1,246,580 W 1106.20 H 0 W 415.21 h 1153.68 H
61.54 h 174.83 P 499.69 h
343.65 h 0 W
168,613 W 176,866 W 193,553 W 288,124 W 341.96 h
333,345 W
5.80 P 13.09 P 32.87 P 75.66 P 170.53 P 349.15 P
TD = 7.95 F TD = 5.62 F TD = 4.14 F TD = 4.36 F TD = 3.44 F 6,184 W TD = 5.66 F
1196.06 H
3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 4,905,635 W 4,905,635 W
92.24 F 168.60 F 160.65 F 206.21 F 200.59 F 200.45 F 255.61 F 251.47 F 308.21 F 303.85 F 365.23 F 384.70 P 1007.20 P 367.97 F 431.50 F 425.84 F
61.54 h DC = 8.22 F 129.66 h DC = 13.38 F 169.61 h 169.61 h DC = 8.98 F 220.87 h DC = 9.0 F 274.28 h 338.17 h 10,593,848 W 366.36 F 367.97 F 341.96 h DC = 6.86 F 403.90 h
365.23 F 339.35 h 341.96 h
784,076 W 539,032 W 174.03 F 370,419 W 209.43 F 193,553 W 260.48 F 0 W 294,308 W 368.68 F 338.17 h 0 W
100.46 F 68.46 h 142.01 h 177.57 h 229.24 h 341.50 h
0 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 415,527 W 670,702 W 374.83 F 14,716,904 W
245,044 W 168,613 W 176,866 W 193,553 W 288,124 W 348.05 h 333,345 W 337,357 W 425.84 F
5.80 P 13.09 P 10,593,848 W 32.87 P 75.66 P 170.53 P 0 W 349.15 P 403.90 h
TD = 7.95 F TD = 5.62 F 200.45 F TD = 4.14 F TD = 4.36 F TD = 3.44 F 6,184 W 1,374,352 W 384.70 P TD = 5.66 F
169.61 h 1196.06 H 368.68 F 369.24 F
3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 341.50 h 342.41 h 4,905,635 W 4,905,635 W
92.24 F 168.60 F 160.65 F 206.21 F 200.59 F 200.45 F 255.61 F 251.47 F 308.21 F 303.85 F 365.23 F 384.70 P 1007.20 P 367.97 F 431.50 F 425.84 F
61.54 h DC = 8.22 F 129.66 h DC = 13.38 F 169.61 h 169.61 h DC = 8.98 F 220.87 h DC = 9.0 F 274.28 h 338.17 h 366.36 F 367.97 F 341.96 h DC = 6.86 F 403.90 h
339.35 h 341.96 h
784,076 W 539,032 W 174.03 F 370,419 W 209.43 F 193,553 W 260.48 F 0 W 294,308 W 368.68 F 0 W
100.46 F 68.46 h 142.01 h 177.57 h 229.24 h 341.50 h 670,702 W 374.83 F
0 W 245,044 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 415,527 W 348.05 h 337,357 W
168,613 W 176,866 W 193,553 W 288,124 W 1,374,352 W 0 W 333,345 W
5.80 P 13.09 P 32.87 P 75.66 P 170.53 P 368.68 F 349.15 P
TD = 7.95 F TD = 5.62 F TD = 4.14 F TD = 4.36 F TD = 3.44 F 6,184 W 341.50 h TD = 5.66 F
1196.06 H 384.70 P
3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 3,531,283 W 369.24 F 4,905,635 W 4,905,635 W
92.24 F 168.60 F 160.65 F 206.21 F 200.59 F 200.45 F 255.61 F 251.47 F 255.61 F 303.85 F 365.23 F 342.41 h 367.97 F 431.50 F 425.84 F
61.54 h DC = 8.22 F 129.66 h DC = 13.38 F 169.61 h 169.61 h DC = 8.98 F 220.87 h DC = 9.00 F 274.28 h 338.17 h 341.96 h DC = 6.86 F 403.90 h
0 W
784,076 W 539,032 W 174.03 F 370,419 W 209.43 F 193,553 W 260.48 F 0 W 294,308 W 368.68 F 341.50 h
100.46 F 68.46 h 142.01 h 177.57 h 229.24 h 415,527 W 670,702 W 374.83 F
0 W 0 W 0 W 0 W 348.05 h
1,374,352 W 384.70 P 0 W
368.68 F 369.24 F
341.50 h 342.41 h
S
HDP
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TANK
2B
TANK
2C
TANK
2A
SG BLOWDOWN
BYPASS BYPASSBYPASS
Y
TV CV TV
S
FPT
TV
RSV
CONDENSER
T
FP
LP TURBINE
REGULATOR
CP
HTR.21A HTR.22A HTR.23A HTR.24A
MOIST.SEP.
HP TURBINE
HTR.26A
M
N
W
M H
H
X
X A
STEAM
GENERATOR
W
A N T
HTR.21B HTR.22B HTR.23B HTR.24B
GSC
HTR.21C HTR.22C
HTR.23C HTR.24C
COND.
DEMIN.
HTR.25A
HTR.25B
HTR.25C
FP
HTR.26B
HTR.26C
Y
FROM FP
TO MSCDT
SG BLOWDOWN
1STG.RHTR.
2STG.RHTR.
LP EXHAUST
HDP
N
M
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND. TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
TO COND.
FPT EXHAUST
HDP

20. Table 3 Comparison of LP
10,465,299 10,432,599
165.62 163.95
1264.13 1264.32
585,183 580,659
82.09 79.58
1207.77 1203.57
0.4956661 0.485383418
56.36 60.76
5.899E+08 6.338E+08
9,880,115 9,851,940
533,424 530,599
36.43 35.58
1149.85 1144.56
9,346,692 9,321,342
0.4437778 0.447073832
57.916602 59.0066322
5.722E+08 5.813E+08
377,694 399,648
13.57 13.19
1087.62 1083.05
98,971 106,190
176.13 174.72
1097.38 1093.52
0.3724004 0.370675533
62.23 61.51
5.816E+08 5.734E+08
8,870,026 8,815,503
LP Turbine
LP Bowl Flow, lb/hr
LP Bowl Pressure, psia
LP Bowl Enthalpy, btu/lb
Ext. 3 Flow, lb/hr
Ext. 3 Pressure, psia
Ext. 3 Enthalpy, btu/lb
Ext. 3 Press/LP Bowl Press.
Work Done Per lb of Steam
Work Done, btu/hr
FFS3, lb/hr
Ext. 4 Flow, lb/hr
Ext. 4 Pressure, psia
Ext. 4 Enthalpy, btu/lb
FFS4, lb/hr
Ext. 4 Press/Ext. 3 Press.
Work Done Per lb of Steam
Work Done, btu/hr
Ext. 5 Steam Flow, lb/hr
Ext. 5 Pressure, psia
Ext. 5 Enthalpy BMSR, btu/lb
Ext. 5 Moisture Removed, lb/hr
Ext. 5 Moisture Enthalpy, btu/lb
Ext. 5 Enthalpy AMSR, btu/lb
Ext. 5 Press/Ext. 4 Press.
Work Done Per lb of Steam
Work Done, btu/hr
FFS5, lb/hr
Original
Replacement
LP Rotor

21. Table 3 Comparison of LP (contd.)
630,400 595,265
6.47 5.92
1056.84 1049.91
130,943 139,867
141.35 137.46
1070.56 1064.62
0.4770318 0.449108965
40.54 43.61
3.596E+08 3.844E+08
8,108,683 8,080,371
60,815 60,603
3.07 2.73
1032.17 1023.99
142,559 151,954
110.33 105.70
1048.67 1041.59
0.4744251 0.460255436
38.38 40.63
3.112E+08 3.283E+08
7,905,309 7,867,814
0.736725 0.736725
977.83 977.41
999.10 995.17
0.2399465 0.270262053
49.57 46.42
3.918E+08 3.653E+08
2.806E+09 2.867E+09
822,475 840,092
0.0044483 0.004493594
78.67% 78.95%
72.83% 74.06%
LP Turbine
Ext. 6 Steam Flow, lb/hr
Ext. 6 Pressure, psia
Ext. 6 Enthalpy BMSR, btu/lb
Ext. 6 Moisture Removed, lb/hr
Ext. 6 Moisture Enthalpy, btu/lb
Ext. 6 Enthalpy AMSR, btu/lb
Ext. 6 Press/Ext. 5 Press.
Work Done Per lb of Steam
MRZ Moisture Removed, lb/hr
MRZ Moisture Enthalpy, btu/lb
MRZ Enthalpy AMSR, btu/lb
Work Done, btu/hr
FFS6, lb/hr
MRZ Blowdown Steam Flow, lb/hr
MRZ Pressure, psia
LPT Efficiency (ELEP), %
LPT Efficiency (TEP), %
Original
Work Done Per lb of Steam
Work Done, btu/hr
Total Work Done in LP Turbine, btu/h
Total Work Done in LP Turbine, Kw
LP Exh. Pressure, psia
LPT ELEP, btu/lb
LPT TEP, btu/lb
Replacement
LP Rotor
LP Exhaust/LP Bowl Pressure
LP Exh. Press/Ext. 6 Press.
MRZ Press/Ext. 6 Press.
Work Done Per lb of Steam
Work Done, btu/hr
FFSMRZ, lb/hr
MRZ Enthalpy BMSR, btu/lb

22. Fig. 7 – Exhaust Loss Curves
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Exhaust Volumetric Flow, million cft/hr
DryExhaustLoss,btu/lb
Original Replacement LP Rotor

23. Fig. 8 – LP Expansion Lines
950
1000
1100
1200
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8 1.9 2.0
600
500
400
300
250
200
150
120
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
16
12
10
8.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
5.00"
5.00"
4.00"
4.00"
3.50"
3.50"
3.00"
3.00"
2.50"
2.50"
2.00"
2.00"
1.50"
1.50"
1.00"
1.00"
0.75
0.75"
0.50"
520
500
480
460
440
420
400
380
360
340
320
300
280
260 240
220
200
180
160
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
9
Replacement LP Rotor
Expansion Line
Original LP
Rotor
Expansion Line

24. Comparison of Results
• HP Shaft Output About 2 Mw
Higher
• Exhaust Losses About 3.5
Btu/Lb Lower
• LP Shaft Output About 17.6
Mw Higher
• Internal Moisture Removal
Zones Effectiveness Assumed
Unchanged

25. Recommended Approach - Design
• From Thermal Kit Develop
Licensed Power HB
• Revise to Include Design,
Startup, Test, Plant Data
• Address Cycle Isolation
• Obtain/Develop New Thermal
Kit Data for Replacement LP
• Develop New
Baseline/Correction Factors

26. Recommended Approach - Test
• Conduct Test Close to
Licensed Thermal Power
• Steady-State Conditions
• Correct for Deviations in
Thermal Power, Throttle
Pressure, LP Exhaust
Pressure, Generator PF, etc.
• Isolate and/or Account for
Leakages

27. CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
• Objectives May Be Met By:
–Proper Planning, Preparedness
& Execution
–Essential to Develop Accurate
Baseline Models
–Models Are Invaluable in
Examining Options, What-if
Analysis, etc.