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This document discusses research design and its importance in conducting research. It defines research design as the conceptual framework for a research project that includes plans for data collection and analysis. The main purposes of research design are to provide a scheme for answering research questions, maintain control to avoid bias, and organize the study effectively. Different types of research designs are explored, including exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. Experimental design is discussed in further detail regarding its key principles of replication, randomization, and local control.
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This document discusses research design. It defines research design as the conceptual framework for a research study that includes plans for data collection, measurement, and analysis. The main components of a research design are outlined, including the problem statement, literature review, objectives, methodology, and data analysis plan. Four common types of research designs are explored in more detail: exploratory, descriptive, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Key principles of experimental design like replication, randomization, and local control are also summarized.
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This document discusses various aspects of research, including:
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2. It describes different types of research such as descriptive vs. analytical, quantitative vs. qualitative, and conceptual vs. empirical.
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1. The document discusses research design, which is a plan for conducting research to answer questions or solve problems. It outlines the steps, methods, and strategies used to collect and analyze data.
2. Research design provides answers to questions like what is being studied, why it's being studied, where and when data will be collected, what techniques and sources will be used, and how results will be analyzed and reported.
3. Different types of research designs are explored, including those for exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, and hypothesis-testing studies. Key concepts discussed include variables, hypotheses, experimental setup, and treatments.
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This document discusses research design and methods for collecting data. It begins by defining a research design as the conceptual structure for conducting research that aims to balance relevance and economy. The key components of a research design are then outlined, including the research problem, data collection procedures, population, and data analysis methods. The document also discusses types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, and experimental designs. It provides details on methods for collecting primary data, such as experiments, surveys, observation, and interviews. Secondary data collection from published sources is also mentioned.
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The document discusses monitoring and evaluation of small businesses. It provides details on monitoring, which involves regularly collecting data on activities, outputs and processes to track progress and make adjustments. Evaluation determines the effectiveness, efficiency and impact of activities in achieving objectives. The document also discusses causes of business sickness like inappropriate resource use, financial constraints, and external factors. Remedies include effective planning, training, credit arrangements, and modernization. Prevention involves cooperation between institutions and government agencies.
work culture ppt.pptx
This document discusses taking calculated risks in business. It begins by defining calculated risk as a carefully considered decision that exposes some degree of personal and financial risk, but also provides a reasonable possibility of benefit. The objectives are to understand calculating risks and rewards of business ideas, and that mistakes are part of the learning process. It notes that while entrepreneurs take risks, they should understand what's at stake and potential payoffs. It provides an example of how people differ in risk tolerance levels and discusses determining individual risk appetites, tolerances, and thresholds. The document concludes by advising conducting a risk versus reward calculation to inform decisions by comparing potential profits versus maximum losses to one's risk tolerance.
Control.ppt
Controlling is a management function that involves monitoring performance, comparing results to objectives and standards, and taking corrective action. The control process establishes objectives and standards, measures actual performance, compares the results, and takes necessary action. There are two types of standards - output standards that measure performance results and input standards that measure work efforts. Managers can rely on internal controls that allow self-control or external controls that involve direct action and oversight through systems like performance appraisals.
22BA001 IE S 2.pptx
This document discusses basic human values and their nature and importance. It defines basic human values as those that are inherent to human beings, such as truth, honesty, and love. It notes that values are concepts rather than feelings and exist independently in the mind. The document categorizes different types of basic values and outlines benefits such as improving problem-solving and decision making. It emphasizes the importance of values like honesty and integrity for living a happy, positive life.
22BA001 IE 1.pptx
Punctuality and timeliness are important in professional environments. Punctuality means being prompt and submitting assignments by deadlines, while timeliness means something happening at the best possible time. Being punctual and timely is important because it shows you are organized, dependable, and respectful of others. It reflects professionalism and enhances reputation. To develop punctuality requires discipline, planning ahead, and respect for time. The benefits of punctuality and timeliness include less stress, better work-life balance, higher productivity, and greater respect from colleagues.
22BA003 IE 1.pptx
The document discusses corporate culture and its importance. It defines corporate culture as the values, beliefs, and behaviors that determine how a company's employees and management interact, perform, and handle business. It notes that corporate culture is reflected in a company's dress code, business hours, office setup, employee benefits, and other aspects of operations. The document also outlines the importance of corporate culture in providing a positive work environment, reducing turnover, improving performance and productivity, and clarifying employee goals. Finally, it lists some key characteristics of successful corporate cultures such as vision, values, practices, people, teamwork, training, innovation and leadership.
Elements of Systems Design.ppt
The document discusses various elements of systems design. It describes components that require design such as the network, application architecture, user interfaces, and system interfaces. It also discusses inputs to the design process such as functional models from analysis. The document then covers specific design areas in more detail, including network design, the application architecture using various models like client-server and n-tier architectures, user interface design, and database design. It also discusses design techniques like prototyping.
Financial IS.pptx
Financial Information System is a software system that collects, analyzes, and reports financial data to support good financial management and decision making. It keeps track of accounts, generates reports, and provides information in various formats. A Financial Information System's capabilities include collecting accurate financial information, providing management reports, supporting budgets, facilitating financial statements, and aiding policy decisions with an audit trail. Its advantages are integrated financial data, flexible reporting and expenditure control, tighter budget monitoring, and reduced administration needs.
dbms.ppt
Database management concepts involve managing structured data through database management systems (DBMS). A DBMS allows for efficient data retrieval and manipulation through features like querying, views, indexing and optimization. It also controls access and maintains integrity. Key concepts include the database schema, data independence, transaction processing for concurrent users, and ensuring serializability and atomicity of transactions.
DFD1.ppt
The document describes Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) and their components. DFDs show the flow of data in and out of processes and data stores within a system. The key components of a DFD are processes, data flows, data stores, and external entities. Processes represent actions performed on the data, data flows show the movement of data between components, data stores hold the data, and external entities are outside the system. The document provides examples and rules for how to represent these components in a DFD.
group behaviour.ppt
This document discusses factors that influence and define groups, including sub-classifications, stages of development, imposed external conditions, roles, norms, status, composition, and cohesiveness. It also covers group processes, tasks, decision-making techniques, and factors for evaluating group effectiveness such as size, goals, time together, status, competition, and rewards.
ultrasonic-welding-828-SNggldd.pptx
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on ultrasonic metal welding. It describes how ultrasonic welding works by applying high frequency vibrations and pressure to join metals without melting. The vibrations generate a smaller grain size in the metal, increasing its strength. Frequencies between 20-60 kHz are used to create strong, rigid joints between combinations of metals like aluminum and steel. Prior research studies discussed examine using nonlinear dynamics to model friction forces during welding and how ultrasonic treatment after thermal welding reduces stresses and improves joint strength. The objectives of ultrasonic metal welding are to increase strength, reliability and reduce residual stresses and deformations compared to conventional welding.
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researchdesignandtypesofresearchdesignfinalppt-190823014804 (1).pptx
- 2. INTRODUCTION The research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted ; it constitutes the blue print for the collection , measurement and analysis of data.
- 3. • The research design provides the back bone structure of the study, it supports the study and hold it's together. • The research design refers to the researcher overall plan for answering the research question or testing the research hypotheses.
- 4. PROCESS OF DESIGNING & CONDUCTINGA RESEARCH PROJECT ⚫ What--What was studied? ⚫ What about--What aspects of the subject were studied? ⚫ What for--What is/was the significance of the study? ⚫ What did prior lit./research say? ⚫ What was done--How was the study conducted? ⚫ What was found? ⚫ So what? ⚫ What now?
- 5. Hence Research Design is: • a framework for the research plan of action. • a master plan that specifies the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information • a strategy for how the data
- 6. DEFINITIONS The Planned sequence of the entire process involved in conducting a research study . - Miller
- 7. PURPOSES OF RESEARCH DESIGN It provides the scheme for answering research question. It maintains control to avoid bias that may affect the outcomes. It organize the study in a certain way defending the advantages of doing while being aware and caution about potential disadvantages .
- 8. ADVANTAGES Lead to more accurate results. Give optimum efficiency and reliability.
- 9. • Minimise the wastage of time as well asmoney. • Instills confidence in the research. • Provides satisfaction & success.
- 10. COMPONENTS Title of the study Statement of the problem Review of literature Area & Scope of Study Objectives of the study
- 11. Formulation of hypothesis Definition of concepts Methodology Sampling design Constructing the schedule/Questionnaire
- 12. Collection of data Analysis of data Interpretation of results Reporting the findings Time & Financial budgeting
- 13. DIFFERENT RESEARCH DESIGNS 1.Exploratory type research design 2.Descriptive type research design 3.Experimental type research design 4.Experimental type research design
- 14. 1) EXPLORATORY TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN Explorative research studies are also termed as formulative research studies. Exploratory study is a systematic scientific approach which enables a social scientist to determine whether an idea is in reality or not.
- 15. Explorative studies can provide ideas , hypothesis , suggestions that might never occur to the social scientist sitting in an office and mediating over the problem. More flexible. Done in the field whether there is little knowledge is available.
- 16. Exploratory studies which do not sets limits for themselves have limits imposed by various practical matters. Mostly the results obtained through the explorative study are to be treated as a sign post for future and further study in the same or similar direction. For this reason , they are also known as formulative studies.
- 18. 2) DESCRIPTIVE TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN Rigid Design. Probability sampling design. Pre-planned design for analysis. Structured instruments for collection of data. Advanced decisions about operational procedure.
- 19. Researchdesigninwhichthe m ajor emphasisison determiningthe frequencywith whichsom ething occursorthe extenttowhichtwovariablesco vary .
- 20. Enable researcher to describe picture of a phenomenon under investigation. Methodology involved – qualitative in nature producing descriptive data. Three approaches to enable to record/analyse the bahavioural patterns: i. Participant observation. ii. Personal documents. iii. Unstructured interviewing.
- 21. 4) EXPERIMENTAL TYPE RESEARCH DESIGN Professor R.A.Fisher’s name is associated with experimental designs. It’s origin in agricultural research was made by him when he was working in Rothamsted Experimental Station (Centre for Agricultural Research in England).
- 22. Experiment is a study in which the investigator manipulates or varies (called the independent variables) & measures other variables (called the dependent variables).
- 23. When an experiment is possible it is the most effective method of testing a hypothesis. i.e; one variable ‘X’ casually influences another variable ‘Y’
- 24. There are three basic principles of experimental designs : 1. The principle of replication 2. The principle of randomization 3. The principle of local control
- 25. 1 . THE PRINCIPLE OF REPLICATION According to this , the experiment should be repeated more than once. Thus, each treatment is applied in many experimental units instead of one. By doing so, the statistical accuracy of the experiments is incresed.
- 26. 2. THE PRINCIPLE OF RANDOMISATION This provides protection against the effects of extraneous factors by randomisation. Wemay apply randomisation principle and protect ourselves against the effects of the extraneous factors.
- 27. 3. THE PRINCIPLE OF LOCAL CONTROL Accordingtothis principle,wefirst dividethefieldintoseveral homogeneous parts, known as blocks, and then each such block is divided into part equal to the number of treatments.