This research proposal summarizes a study on improving the storage, protection, and safe transmission of information data. The researcher proposes to develop materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to protect electronic devices and secure data transmission. In previous work, the researcher optimized material parameters for EMI shielding through simulation and experiments. The proposal aims to specify material and device design parameters precisely to develop an effective EMI shield for transmission cables and communication devices.

1. Research Proposal
Study of the storage, protection and safe transmission of the Information data
Dhirendra Kumar Tiwari
M.Tech. (Solid State Technology)
IIT Kharagpur
Review to our present atmosphere
The rapid advances of information technology in the recent years leading to the
advancement in fast information transmission in a wide variety of modes (audio, video,
audio-visual, multimedia etc.) so that storage, protection and safe transmission of the
information data has become a serious concern from social, ethical and privacy point of
view. These factors have increased the importance of data storage mode at a data center
or a server room and its safety during transmission as well as reception. As a result, there
is an increased emphasis on data security of different types such as; cyber security
measures, crime prevention (physical security measures), electromagnetic security
measures to protect electronic devices and room entry management etc.
Area of Interest
My interest in research has burgeoned during the course of my postgraduate studies. My
interest is mainly lies in the field of semiconductor, Optoelectronics, Microwave devices
& technology. The above mentioned work experience has provided a profound thrust in
my resolve for research in the Experimental field and I found the area to be both
interesting and challenging. The research in this area is due to my last course studies
which I have taken in my previous academic life.
Work Done
One year project on “Development of EMI/RFI Shielding Materials”
EMI Shielding is the device which refers to the ability of electronic devices of different
types to operate in electromagnetic environment without loss of intended function. EMI
Shielding aims to shield a particular device or zone from the interference/jamming via an
effective placement of shielding materials so as to reduce the level of electromagnetic
energy radiated by or coupled into electronic equipment. EMI Shielding is used in Mobile
Phones, Radio Communications Equipment, Wireless Bar Code Reader Systems,
Wireless Networks, Medical Devices, Computers, Stereo Systems, Television Sets,

2. Windows, etc. EMI Shielding makes plastic enclosures impervious to electronic
interface, protecting internal equipment, also protects external electronic devices from
electrical interference, safety and security of data, removal/minimization of noise from
the signal to improve its quality, band width protection and to improve the operating
distance of the cellular phones.
EMI/RFI Types
EMI or RFI may be broadly categorized into two types; narrowband and broadband.
Narrowband interference usually arises from intentional transmissions such as radio and
TV stations, pager transmitters, cell phones, etc. Broadband interference usually comes
from incidental radio frequency emitters. These include electric power transmission lines,
electric motors, thermostats, bug zappers, etc. Anywhere electrical power is being turned
off and on rapidly is a potential source. The spectra of these sources generally resembles
that of synchrotron sources, stronger at low frequencies and diminishing at higher
frequencies, though this noise is often modulated, or varied, by the creating device in
some way. Included in this category are computers and other digital equipment as well as
televisions. The rich harmonic content of these devices means that they can interfere over
a very broad spectrum. Characteristic of broadband EMI is an inability to filter it
effectively once it has entered the receiver chain.
Introduction to Shielding
Semiconductor based electronic equipment is vulnerable to electromagnetic interference
(EMI) conducted or radiated from a variety of sources. The term “shield” usually refers
to a metallic enclosure that completely encloses an electronic product or a portion of a
product. There are, in general, two purposes of a shield namely, to prevent the emissions
of the electronics of the product from radiating outside the boundaries of the product, and
to prevent radiated emissions external to the product’s electronics, which may cause
electromagnetic interference in the product. A shield is, conceptually, a barrier to the
transmission of electromagnetic fields. In general shielding effectiveness is measured in
decibels (dB). In order to achieve large values of shielding effectiveness, the shield must
completely enclose the electronics and must have no penetrations such as holes, seams,
slots or cables. Any penetration in a shield, unless properly treated, may drastically
reduce the effectiveness of the shield. The main motivation behind the proper design of

3. shield is to make a product that can comply to National/International Electromagnetic
Interference Regulatory Standards.
In order to ensure safety and facilitate the message reception only by its predetermined
end user, a protective shield needs to be developed around the transmission lines as well
as transmitting and receiving devices. Designing of a protective shield around a high
frequency signal transmission cable or at transmission/reception devices of such signals
is an essential requirement now a day to ensure:
1. Non interference in the signal under transmission from other nearby signals.
2. Safety and security of the data under transmission from being intercepted.
3. Removal or minimization of noise from the signal so as to improve its quality to
an acceptable level.
4. Bandwidth protection and compliance.
However, there are inherent problems in the design and implementation of such a
shielding (for protecting high frequency signal from external nearby signals) due to
technical reasons.
Materials Aspect
The goal of the overall project is two fold, first, based on the electrical properties of the
material and another on the magnetic property. The present work has achieved the set
objectives of optimizing the parameters for material development/selection using
simulation and experimental techniques. The 1st step in the design, i.e. obtaining an
optimally achievable set of parameters for a material system to be used in the design and
development of an EMI shielding around a transmission cable or communication device,
has been accomplished as SE. The optimization conditions have been defined and
maximum desirable values of the parameters (conductivity, permeability, thickness,
source–shield distance) for an optimally achievable value of shielding effectiveness (SE).
Primarily the predicted values of the parameters from simulation appear to be matching
well with the reported experimental values in literature. This encourages and provides
scope of the work in this direction to precisely specify the both the materials and device
design parameters and conditions and fix the limiting values taking into account external
factors (such as temperature, diffusion, corrosion etc.) that may affect performance of the
material/device functionality.