Methods of investigation include survey methods of investigation, case study method of investigation, experimental methods of investigation, scientific method of investigation

1. WELCOME
Suvinlal A.Y.
MA ECONOMICS
Attingal govt college
University Of Kerala

2. Methods of investigation include
survey methods of investigation,
case study method of investigation,
experimental methods of
investigation, scientific method of
investigation
METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

3. SURVEY METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
• A social survey has been defined as a
fact-finding study dealing chiefly with
working-class poverty and with the nature
and problems of the community.

4. PURPOSE OF SURVEYS
• * The main purpose of a survey is to provide
someone with information
• *Another important purpose of survey is to
explain rather than to describe
• *Survey provide information for the formulation
of hypotheses
• *Social survey offers scope for the collection of
primary data relating to social problems through
interview schedules, questionnaires and
checklists

5. SUBJECT MATTER OF SOCIAL SURVEYS
• Moser has divided the subject matter of surveys into four
classes
• 1.The demographic characteristics of a set of people
• it include factors such as family composition, martial
status, fertility, age, family income
• 2.Their social environment
• it covers all the social factors including occupation,
housing conditions, and social amenities
• 3.Their social activities
• it include travelling habits, expenditure patterns,
television viewing, radio listening, news paper reading
• 4.Their opinion and attitudes
• it include data regarding the level of information, opinion
and attitudes of the people towards various social factors

6. TYPES OF SURVEYS
• 1.General or specific surveys
• when a survey is conducted for collecting general information
without any particular object, it is known as general survey
• specific surveys are conducted for a specific problem
• 2.Regular and ad hoc surveys
• Some surveys are regular in nature and must be repeated after
regular intervals
• ad hoc surveys are undertaken mostly for testing hypotheses
• 3.Govt social survey
• The govt. undertakes the survey through the central statistical
organization, department of statistics and ministry planning, govt .
Of India. They provide data on different sectors of the Indian
economy

7. PLANNING A SOCIAL SURVEY
• The planning of a social survey is a combination of technical
and organizational decisions. The decision regarding the
following must be taken before the execution of the survey
• 1.purpose of the survey
• 2.coverage
• 3.collection of data
• 4.errors
• 5.fieldwork
• 6.processing and analysis
• 7.documents
• 8.timing cost and staffing

8. PILOT SURVEYS
• A pilot survey is a small scale replica of the
main survey. The pilot survey is a dress
rehearsal. It enables the researcher to acquire
prior knowledge about the population to be
sampled. It provides training to the
interviewers.

9. MERITS OF SURVEY METHOD
• 1.Its enables the researcher to come into
direct contact with the people whom he wants
to study
• 2.It provide scope for the introduction of a
new theory
• 3.Surveys are conducted for business purpose
• 4.Survey is meant to provide information
regarding practical problems

10. Limitations of survey method
• Survey method refers to study undertaken for
short time
• A survey method of research requires a
considerable amount of money for printing of
schedules for field work, training and
supervision, tabulation and analysis of data
• Most of surveys are conducted on sample
basis and the informant may not become the
representative of the universe.

11. CASE STUDY METHOD OF
INVESTIGATION
• Case study is an important tool of social
investigation. It has been used extensively in
psychology, education, sociology, economics
and political science. It has been used for
tracing the evolution and growth of a social
problem. In social research the term case
refers to a unit of study. The unit may be a
person, group of person, institution, or
community. Each case is unique.

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF CASE STUDY
METHOD
• It aims at deep and detailed study of the unit
• It is a comprehensive study. It covers a wide
span of time
• The number of units may vary from single unit
to a few dozen. They are not selected
according to some scientific technique of
sampling.

13. SOURCES OF DATA
• In case study the information may be collected
from various sources.
• life histories
• Personal records
• Personal documents
• Personal letters
• Confessions
• Biographies
• Interviewing individuals
• observation

14. STEPS INVOLVED IN CASE STUDY
The varies steps in involved in a
case study are as follows.

15. CHOICE OF CASES
The researcher has to decide with
unit has to be taken for study. The
case may be general or specific.
The researcher has to choose
either of the two.

16. IDENTIFICATION OF THE UNIT
The unit of study may be an
individual or a group of persons or
an institution or a group of
institutions.
Choice of cases

17. NUMBER OF CASES
We can obtain the results easily if
the cases are few. if the results are
generalized on the basis of few
number of cases the results will be
biased or wrong.

18. COLLECTION OF DATA
The researcher should use different techniques
and tolls to collect data about different aspects of
the unit. The study of personal documents, life
histories, observations, interviews,
questionnaires, schedules, a variety of tests like
intelligence tests, achievement tests and aptitude
tests are certain techniques adopted in case study
for gathering data. The collected data should be
recorded properly.

19. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS
All collected data are integrated and
analyzed. The most dominant, less
dominant and neutral elements
should be discriminated.

20. INTERPRETATION AND
REPORTING OF DATA
The facts collected have to be classified and
analyzed. Afterwards, the facts must be explained
and interpreted. The interpretation must be in
logical and convenient form.
in reporting, the researcher has to present
the problem investigated, the research methods
employed, the results and the conclusions arrived
at as a result of the investigation.

21. ADVANTAGES OF CASE STUDY
1. A case study helps to probe the entire
life span of a social unit in depth.
2. Case data are useful to pure research
and they provide clues for further
research.
3. Case study is also useful for the
formulation of hypothesis which will lead
to further research.

22. LIMITATIONS OF CASE STUDY
1. It is very difficult to draw generations after
studying a few cases. The results of case
study are no applicable to the universe.
2. Case study and loose and unsystematic and
in capable of verification and
generalization.
3. It is costly, time consuming and wistful in
certain cases where the objectives are
limited

23. THANK YOU