This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It defines research as a systematic technique for thinking that employs specialized tools and procedures to solve problems. The objectives of research are outlined as solving problems scientifically, generating new knowledge or theories, verifying facts, and analyzing events or phenomena. The key steps of research are identified as identifying the problem or area of research, reviewing literature, formulating the problem, deciding on objectives and hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and writing the research report. Finally, the document distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting and analyzing data, and research methodology, which is the overall systematic approach to solving a research problem.
This document discusses formulating the research problem in research methodology. It defines a research problem as a perceived gap between what is and what should be. The key points covered include:
- Identifying sources of research problems such as people, problems, programs, and phenomena.
- Considering factors like relevance, expertise, and ethics when selecting a research problem.
- Outlining the steps to formulate a research problem such as identifying the broad field and raising questions.
- The importance of formulating clear research objectives and operational definitions to focus the study.
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
The document discusses various aspects of research methodology including defining the research problem, reviewing literature, and formulating hypotheses. It provides details on:
1) Defining the research problem involves identifying and selecting a problem and then precisely formulating it.
2) Reviewing literature helps gain background knowledge and identify relationships between concepts to form hypotheses. Literature is recorded systematically.
3) A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between variables. It predicts the influence of independent variables on dependent variables.
The document discusses several important aspects of selecting and formulating a research problem. It notes that choosing a suitable research problem is one of the most difficult phases of a research project. Researchers should analyze limited aspects of broad problems and narrowly focus their research. Good research topics are interesting, researchable, significant, manageable, and ethical. Operational definitions that specify exact meanings are important. Narrowing the focus of a topic and involving experts can help refine research problems.
This document outlines the typical research process, which includes:
1. Formulating a research problem and reviewing relevant literature.
2. Developing hypotheses to test.
3. Designing the research study.
4. Collecting and analyzing data.
5. Interpreting the results, testing hypotheses, and generalizing conclusions in a final research report.
Feedback loops allow controlling the process and adjusting based on results. The goal is to gather relevant evidence efficiently to address the research question.
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
This document provides guidance on developing a systematic and comprehensive search strategy for systematic reviews. It explains that a systematic search strategy is essential to capture all relevant studies on a topic. The strategy should include synonyms for key concepts, Boolean operators to combine terms, and subject headings from different databases. It provides an example of developing a search strategy based on turning a research question into PICO components and combining population, intervention, comparison, and outcome terms. The search strategy example spans multiple slides and databases to model a comprehensive approach.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It defines research as a systematic technique for thinking that employs specialized tools and procedures to solve problems. The objectives of research are outlined as solving problems scientifically, generating new knowledge or theories, verifying facts, and analyzing events or phenomena. The key steps of research are identified as identifying the problem or area of research, reviewing literature, formulating the problem, deciding on objectives and hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and writing the research report. Finally, the document distinguishes between research methods, which are techniques for collecting and analyzing data, and research methodology, which is the overall systematic approach to solving a research problem.
This document discusses formulating the research problem in research methodology. It defines a research problem as a perceived gap between what is and what should be. The key points covered include:
- Identifying sources of research problems such as people, problems, programs, and phenomena.
- Considering factors like relevance, expertise, and ethics when selecting a research problem.
- Outlining the steps to formulate a research problem such as identifying the broad field and raising questions.
- The importance of formulating clear research objectives and operational definitions to focus the study.
Research, Types and objectives of research Bindu Kshtriya
This presentation is regarding the basics of research method, about the voyage of research, steps included in research, types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative conceptual, empirical historical conclusion oriented etc
The document discusses various aspects of research methodology including defining the research problem, reviewing literature, and formulating hypotheses. It provides details on:
1) Defining the research problem involves identifying and selecting a problem and then precisely formulating it.
2) Reviewing literature helps gain background knowledge and identify relationships between concepts to form hypotheses. Literature is recorded systematically.
3) A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between variables. It predicts the influence of independent variables on dependent variables.
The document discusses several important aspects of selecting and formulating a research problem. It notes that choosing a suitable research problem is one of the most difficult phases of a research project. Researchers should analyze limited aspects of broad problems and narrowly focus their research. Good research topics are interesting, researchable, significant, manageable, and ethical. Operational definitions that specify exact meanings are important. Narrowing the focus of a topic and involving experts can help refine research problems.
This document outlines the typical research process, which includes:
1. Formulating a research problem and reviewing relevant literature.
2. Developing hypotheses to test.
3. Designing the research study.
4. Collecting and analyzing data.
5. Interpreting the results, testing hypotheses, and generalizing conclusions in a final research report.
Feedback loops allow controlling the process and adjusting based on results. The goal is to gather relevant evidence efficiently to address the research question.
This document discusses key aspects of defining a research problem, including identifying a researchable problem, sources of research problems, writing a problem statement, and developing research questions. It emphasizes that a well-defined research problem lays the foundation for a successful research project. The first step is to identify a compelling topic and formulate a problem statement that introduces the research area and leads to specific questions. A good research problem should be significant, clearly delineated, and have accessible information to draw conclusions. Narrowing the scope and defining key terms helps ensure the problem is manageable.
This document discusses research objectives for a study. It defines research objectives as descriptions of what is to be achieved by a study. Research objectives are important as they narrow and focus the study, guide what information needs to be collected, and help develop the methodology. There are two types of objectives: broad objectives which state what is to be achieved generally, and specific objectives which describe the variables to be measured. Specific objectives should be clear, address one thing only, be measurable, attainable given available resources, realistic given local conditions, and time bound.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process of enunciating a problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing facts, and reaching conclusions. The objectives of research are to gain familiarity with phenomena, portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine frequency of occurrences, and test causal relationships. Motivations for research include the desire to solve problems, gain intellectual joy, help society, gain respect, and obtain degrees. Research methodology helps qualitatively control the research process and validate results. It involves the logic and design of research, including methods for data collection, analysis, and evaluation.
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This document discusses defining a research problem. It begins by explaining that a research problem forms the starting point of research and aims to find a solution. An effective research problem should identify the variables and population being studied. Researchers must thoroughly understand the subject area through literature reviews and discussions. There are two main types of research problems - those relating to the natural world and those relating to relationships between variables. Key steps in defining a problem are to state it generally, understand its nature, survey literature, and rephrase the proposal. Examples are provided of inductive and deductive approaches. Variables and research questions are also discussed.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation aimed at discovering new facts or testing existing facts. Research is directed at solving problems and developing general theories. It requires gathering data through observation and experiments. The scientific method emphasizes objectivity, generality, verifiability and predictability. There are different types of research such as fundamental, applied, adaptive and action research. The steps of conducting research include formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding on a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
This document discusses how to create effective research questions to guide research. It explains that research questions map out the direction of the research. An effective research question needs information from sources beyond yourself, requires background research, and is neither too broad nor too narrow in scope. There are two types of questions: "thin" questions like who, what, when, where that provide background details, and "thick" questions using how and why that explore broader concepts and changes over time. The document provides examples of each and guides the reader in forming their own thick questions.
Research methodology involves systematic and scientific processes for gaining new knowledge. A research method refers to techniques for gathering evidence, while a research methodology is the underlying theory and analysis of how research should proceed based on disciplinary influences. Research can be applied or fundamental, quantitative or qualitative, and conceptual or empirical. The purpose of research is to discover answers through scientific procedures by gathering new or existing data to solve problems in various fields like business, industry, and government policymaking.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal communicates the research problem, significance, and planned procedures to solve the problem. It is often required to present a brief plan before data collection, by a university, or for funding. The document outlines the key components of a strong research proposal, including an abstract, statement of the problem, significance, background, objectives, methods, work plan, personnel, facilities, and budget. It emphasizes developing clear objectives and thorough methods, justification of decisions, and arranging feedback on the proposal draft before final submission.
This document discusses research methods and approaches. It defines research as a systematic investigation to discover new information. The main objectives of research are to find answers or solutions to problems through scientific inquiry. There are different types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, empirical, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and action research. Research can be approached quantitatively by measuring variables, qualitatively by examining words and images, or using a mixed methods approach.
1. The document discusses the key aspects of research methodology including what constitutes research, its main characteristics, and the typical steps in the research process.
2. It describes research as a systematic, careful investigation aimed at establishing facts and principles through discovery or rediscovery.
3. The main stages of the research process covered are formulating the research problem, literature review, identifying variables and hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and writing the research report.
This document provides an agenda for a one week faculty development program on research methodology and intellectual property rights. It includes an introduction to research concepts like problem definition, setting research objectives, research design, and sampling techniques. The document defines what research is, discusses the key components of a research process and different research strategies like surveys, experiments, case studies, etc. It also explains the difference between research methods and methodology, and highlights the importance of properly defining the research problem and setting clear objectives.
The document discusses key aspects of research design and types of research. It provides definitions and explanations of important concepts in research design including variables, experimental and control groups, and treatments. It also summarizes several major types of rural research such as survey research, case studies, ex-post facto research, and qualitative vs. quantitative research. Finally, it outlines the typical format for a research proposal.
This document provides an overview of research methods and basic concepts. It defines key terms like scientific research, deduction, induction, theory, hypothesis, and empiricism. It also discusses different types of research like basic research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, experimental research, and non-experimental research. The document outlines approaches to knowledge acquisition and the logical steps of the scientific method.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective research proposal. It explains that a proposal communicates the research problem and planned methodology to obtain approval and funding. Key sections include an introduction outlining the research problem, a literature review establishing the significance of the problem, objectives and hypotheses to be tested, methodology describing the research design and procedures, a work plan and budget, and qualifications of researchers. High-quality proposals have a clearly defined problem, methodology suitable to address the research questions, and convince reviewers of the importance and feasibility of the study.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic, scientific search for knowledge on a topic. Research objectives are described as exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, or hypothesis-testing. Motivations for research include obtaining degrees or intellectual fulfillment. Types of research include descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Key aspects of the research process are identified as formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. Qualities of good research noted are being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. Common problems faced by researchers in India are also outlined.
Introduction to Research Methodology
+ What is Research?
+ The purpose of Research
+ Specifications of High Quality Research
+ Motivations of Research
+ Types of Research
+ Steps of Conducting Research
+ Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
+ Analytical / Applied Research
This document discusses ethical issues in research. It defines ethics as a methodology for making sound decisions that respect individuals' rights. Ethics are important as they keep researchers from misconduct and promote trust, understanding, and collaborative work. The key principles of research ethics discussed are integrity, objectivity, beneficence, privacy, honesty, autonomy, justice, and openness. The document outlines seven areas of scientific dishonesty like plagiarism, fabrication, and non-publication of data. It also discusses ethical issues regarding participants, animal subjects, copyright, and human rights in research.
This document discusses research methodology and design. It outlines the process of empirical research, which involves developing research hypotheses based on observations or curiosity, defining the research problem and objectives, designing a sampling method, collecting and coding data, analyzing the data, and refining theories. It also defines variance as a measure of how dispersed or spread out a set of scores are from each other. The research design is the overall plan and strategy for an investigation that aims to answer research questions and control variance, according to definitions provided.
An introduction to research methodologyASIM MANZOOR
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses that research is a systematic search for information on a specific topic. The key aspects covered include:
- Research methodology is the process of systematically solving a research problem through various steps like literature reviews and evaluating questions.
- There are different types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, and qualitative.
- The objectives, techniques, and process of research involving defining the problem, literature reviews, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing a report are outlined.
- The qualities of good research include being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable.
This document discusses research objectives for a study. It defines research objectives as descriptions of what is to be achieved by a study. Research objectives are important as they narrow and focus the study, guide what information needs to be collected, and help develop the methodology. There are two types of objectives: broad objectives which state what is to be achieved generally, and specific objectives which describe the variables to be measured. Specific objectives should be clear, address one thing only, be measurable, attainable given available resources, realistic given local conditions, and time bound.
This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process of enunciating a problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing facts, and reaching conclusions. The objectives of research are to gain familiarity with phenomena, portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine frequency of occurrences, and test causal relationships. Motivations for research include the desire to solve problems, gain intellectual joy, help society, gain respect, and obtain degrees. Research methodology helps qualitatively control the research process and validate results. It involves the logic and design of research, including methods for data collection, analysis, and evaluation.
Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts
- How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion
- By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)
This document discusses defining a research problem. It begins by explaining that a research problem forms the starting point of research and aims to find a solution. An effective research problem should identify the variables and population being studied. Researchers must thoroughly understand the subject area through literature reviews and discussions. There are two main types of research problems - those relating to the natural world and those relating to relationships between variables. Key steps in defining a problem are to state it generally, understand its nature, survey literature, and rephrase the proposal. Examples are provided of inductive and deductive approaches. Variables and research questions are also discussed.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic, scientific investigation aimed at discovering new facts or testing existing facts. Research is directed at solving problems and developing general theories. It requires gathering data through observation and experiments. The scientific method emphasizes objectivity, generality, verifiability and predictability. There are different types of research such as fundamental, applied, adaptive and action research. The steps of conducting research include formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, deciding on a research design, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting conclusions.
This document discusses how to create effective research questions to guide research. It explains that research questions map out the direction of the research. An effective research question needs information from sources beyond yourself, requires background research, and is neither too broad nor too narrow in scope. There are two types of questions: "thin" questions like who, what, when, where that provide background details, and "thick" questions using how and why that explore broader concepts and changes over time. The document provides examples of each and guides the reader in forming their own thick questions.
Research methodology involves systematic and scientific processes for gaining new knowledge. A research method refers to techniques for gathering evidence, while a research methodology is the underlying theory and analysis of how research should proceed based on disciplinary influences. Research can be applied or fundamental, quantitative or qualitative, and conceptual or empirical. The purpose of research is to discover answers through scientific procedures by gathering new or existing data to solve problems in various fields like business, industry, and government policymaking.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal communicates the research problem, significance, and planned procedures to solve the problem. It is often required to present a brief plan before data collection, by a university, or for funding. The document outlines the key components of a strong research proposal, including an abstract, statement of the problem, significance, background, objectives, methods, work plan, personnel, facilities, and budget. It emphasizes developing clear objectives and thorough methods, justification of decisions, and arranging feedback on the proposal draft before final submission.
This document discusses research methods and approaches. It defines research as a systematic investigation to discover new information. The main objectives of research are to find answers or solutions to problems through scientific inquiry. There are different types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, empirical, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and action research. Research can be approached quantitatively by measuring variables, qualitatively by examining words and images, or using a mixed methods approach.
1. The document discusses the key aspects of research methodology including what constitutes research, its main characteristics, and the typical steps in the research process.
2. It describes research as a systematic, careful investigation aimed at establishing facts and principles through discovery or rediscovery.
3. The main stages of the research process covered are formulating the research problem, literature review, identifying variables and hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and writing the research report.
This document provides an agenda for a one week faculty development program on research methodology and intellectual property rights. It includes an introduction to research concepts like problem definition, setting research objectives, research design, and sampling techniques. The document defines what research is, discusses the key components of a research process and different research strategies like surveys, experiments, case studies, etc. It also explains the difference between research methods and methodology, and highlights the importance of properly defining the research problem and setting clear objectives.
The document discusses key aspects of research design and types of research. It provides definitions and explanations of important concepts in research design including variables, experimental and control groups, and treatments. It also summarizes several major types of rural research such as survey research, case studies, ex-post facto research, and qualitative vs. quantitative research. Finally, it outlines the typical format for a research proposal.
This document provides an overview of research methods and basic concepts. It defines key terms like scientific research, deduction, induction, theory, hypothesis, and empiricism. It also discusses different types of research like basic research, applied research, quantitative research, qualitative research, experimental research, and non-experimental research. The document outlines approaches to knowledge acquisition and the logical steps of the scientific method.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective research proposal. It explains that a proposal communicates the research problem and planned methodology to obtain approval and funding. Key sections include an introduction outlining the research problem, a literature review establishing the significance of the problem, objectives and hypotheses to be tested, methodology describing the research design and procedures, a work plan and budget, and qualifications of researchers. High-quality proposals have a clearly defined problem, methodology suitable to address the research questions, and convince reviewers of the importance and feasibility of the study.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research as a systematic, scientific search for knowledge on a topic. Research objectives are described as exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic, or hypothesis-testing. Motivations for research include obtaining degrees or intellectual fulfillment. Types of research include descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Key aspects of the research process are identified as formulating the problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, testing hypotheses, and reporting results. Qualities of good research noted are being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. Common problems faced by researchers in India are also outlined.
Introduction to Research Methodology
+ What is Research?
+ The purpose of Research
+ Specifications of High Quality Research
+ Motivations of Research
+ Types of Research
+ Steps of Conducting Research
+ Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
+ Analytical / Applied Research
This document discusses ethical issues in research. It defines ethics as a methodology for making sound decisions that respect individuals' rights. Ethics are important as they keep researchers from misconduct and promote trust, understanding, and collaborative work. The key principles of research ethics discussed are integrity, objectivity, beneficence, privacy, honesty, autonomy, justice, and openness. The document outlines seven areas of scientific dishonesty like plagiarism, fabrication, and non-publication of data. It also discusses ethical issues regarding participants, animal subjects, copyright, and human rights in research.
This document discusses research methodology and design. It outlines the process of empirical research, which involves developing research hypotheses based on observations or curiosity, defining the research problem and objectives, designing a sampling method, collecting and coding data, analyzing the data, and refining theories. It also defines variance as a measure of how dispersed or spread out a set of scores are from each other. The research design is the overall plan and strategy for an investigation that aims to answer research questions and control variance, according to definitions provided.
An introduction to research methodologyASIM MANZOOR
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses that research is a systematic search for information on a specific topic. The key aspects covered include:
- Research methodology is the process of systematically solving a research problem through various steps like literature reviews and evaluating questions.
- There are different types of research including descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, and qualitative.
- The objectives, techniques, and process of research involving defining the problem, literature reviews, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing a report are outlined.
- The qualities of good research include being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable.
Research/thesis for post graduate students in dentistry.Shivangi Shreya
This document provides an overview of key aspects of research, including:
- Definitions of research as finding answers to unanswered questions or a scientific search for information on a topic.
- Types of research such as descriptive, analytical, applied, basic, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, and empirical.
- Research methods like library research, field research, and laboratory research.
- Key parts of the research process including developing a research methodology, designing the study, formulating research questions and hypotheses, developing a research protocol, and interpreting results.
- Principles of research design for different types of studies.
The document outlines considerations for all stages of the research process from selecting a topic to analyzing
This document discusses various aspects of research, including:
1. It defines research and outlines some key objectives such as gaining familiarity with a phenomenon, accurately depicting characteristics, and testing hypotheses.
2. It describes different types of research such as descriptive vs. analytical, quantitative vs. qualitative, and conceptual vs. empirical.
3. It discusses important considerations for research such as sampling design, observational design, and statistical design that make up the overall research design.
This document outlines the research methodology process. It discusses that research methodology is the systematic way to solve a research problem through various steps, including literature reviews, developing hypotheses, determining sampling methods, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and preparing a report. The document also covers different types of research such as descriptive vs. analytical and quantitative vs. qualitative research. It provides examples of key aspects of the research methodology process.
The document outlines the key steps in the research process, including exploration, literature review, developing research questions and hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, hypothesis testing, and preparing the final research report. It provides details on each step, such as how to conduct an effective literature review by using keywords and reviewing a variety of sources. The document also defines important terms and concepts used in research.
The document provides information on business research methods. It defines business research as research conducted in areas related to business such as general management, finance, marketing, etc. The purpose of business research is to acquire detailed information on all areas of business to help maximize sales and profits. The document then outlines the 10 step research process, which includes formulating the research problem, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing a report. It also discusses research objectives, sources of research problems, characteristics of research problems vs hypotheses, and how to formulate a hypothesis.
In 3 sentences:
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses key concepts like research objectives, types of research, research approaches, and the scientific steps of research including developing research questions, conducting a literature review, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The document also covers formulating hypotheses and research design to systematically study research problems.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It begins with definitions of research and discusses the objectives and characteristics of good business research. It then explains the scientific method and key aspects of the research process such as identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting conclusions. Finally, it outlines the typical structure of a research proposal, including sections on the problem statement, objectives, literature review, research design, and data analysis. The overall purpose is to guide the reader through the steps of conducting systematic research.
This document outlines the key aspects of research including: defining research as a systematic process of investigating a problem through collecting data to answer a question; describing the main types of research such as fundamental, quantitative, applied, and qualitative; and explaining the common steps of research such as formulating the problem, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results. The overall goal of research is to increase knowledge and understanding of a topic.
The document discusses key aspects of research methodology including defining research, the research process, types of research, and approaches to research. It provides details on topics like the objectives and significance of research, as well as the various steps involved in the research process such as developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Additionally, it differentiates between qualitative and quantitative research, and explores conceptual versus empirical research.
The document discusses research design and its types. It begins by defining research design as the conceptual framework for conducting research that includes plans for collecting and analyzing data. There are different types of research designs such as exploratory, descriptive, causal/experimental based on the nature and purpose of the study. Exploratory design is used to gain a deeper understanding of a problem and provide direction for more structured research in the future. It involves flexible qualitative methods like interviews and is not intended to test hypotheses. The purpose is to explore and define the research problem, variables, and potential relationships to study.
This document discusses research methodology and defines key terms and types of research. It begins by defining research as a careful investigation to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research are described as gaining new insights, accurately portraying characteristics, determining frequencies of occurrences, and testing hypotheses. Types of research discussed include descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Descriptive research aims to describe current conditions while analytical evaluates facts. The document also differentiates between research methods, which are techniques used, and methodology, which is the systematic approach.
The document defines research and describes its key characteristics as being controlled, rigorous, systematic, valid and verifiable, and empirical. It outlines two main paradigms in research - positivism and naturalism. Positivism combines deductive logic and empirical methods to seek generalizable patterns, while naturalism assumes a social world can be accessed through senses. The document also describes the basic steps in conducting research as formulating a problem, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. Finally, it distinguishes between qualitative and quantitative research, with qualitative aiming to understand through description and quantitative aiming to explain through statistical analysis.
The document discusses research design, which is the plan or blueprint for how a research study will be conducted. It involves decisions about what data to collect, where, when, and how to analyze the data. A good research design minimizes the effects of extraneous variables and establishes the relationships between independent and dependent variables. There are different types of research designs depending on whether the research is exploratory, descriptive, or testing a hypothesis. Exploratory designs gather initial insights through literature reviews, surveys, or case studies. Descriptive and diagnostic designs collect data to understand characteristics or problems. Hypothesis testing designs experimentally examine predicted relationships through variables, groups, treatments, and units of analysis.
Lecture Rsearch methodsbmls21 and 19spt.pptsamwel18
This document provides an overview of research methods topics covered in an AML 4311 lecture, including defining research, classifying different types of research, and outlining the research process. Research is systematically defined as seeking new and reliable knowledge. Basic research aims to establish fundamental facts, while applied research aims to solve practical problems. Research can also be classified as disciplinary, subject-matter, or problem-solving based on its goals. The research process involves formulating a question, developing objectives and a design, conducting the research, analyzing results, and interpreting findings. Creativity and various methods play important roles in the research process.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and outlines its key characteristics as systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The document discusses the objectives and types of research, including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative. It also covers research approaches, methods vs methodology, data sources and collection methods, and the overall research process. Key aspects of a good research study are identified, such as having a clearly defined purpose and presenting findings and conclusions clearly. Finally, challenges in research and the process of selecting a research topic and title are discussed.
Research and experimental development (R&D)
Creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications
This document provides an overview of business research methods. It discusses why business research is important for engineers and defines what research is, including that it is a systematic search for truth and new knowledge. It outlines the scientific method process and types of research such as descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical. COVID-19 statistics are also presented along with the current vaccine status.
The document provides an overview of the key aspects of research methodology, including defining the research problem, reviewing relevant literature, formulating the research design, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. It discusses the importance of clearly specifying the research purpose and objectives and developing a conceptual framework based on an understanding of relevant theories and concepts. The stages of the research process from defining the problem to reporting outcomes are also outlined.
Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
- - -
This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
Enhanced Enterprise Intelligence with your personal AI Data Copilot.pdfGetInData
Recently we have observed the rise of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) that are community-driven or developed by the AI market leaders, such as Meta (Llama3), Databricks (DBRX) and Snowflake (Arctic). On the other hand, there is a growth in interest in specialized, carefully fine-tuned yet relatively small models that can efficiently assist programmers in day-to-day tasks. Finally, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have gained a lot of traction as the preferred approach for LLMs context and prompt augmentation for building conversational SQL data copilots, code copilots and chatbots.
In this presentation, we will show how we built upon these three concepts a robust Data Copilot that can help to democratize access to company data assets and boost performance of everyone working with data platforms.
Why do we need yet another (open-source ) Copilot?
How can we build one?
Architecture and evaluation
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Round table discussion of vector databases, unstructured data, ai, big data, real-time, robots and Milvus.
A lively discussion with NJ Gen AI Meetup Lead, Prasad and Procure.FYI's Co-Found
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
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The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
2. Science
1.The systematic observation of natural events
and conditions in order to discover facts about
them and to formulate laws and principles
based on these facts.
2. The organized body of knowledge that is
derived from such observations and that can be
verified or tested by further investigation.
3. Any specific branch of this general body of
knowledge, such as biology, physics, geology, or
astronomy.
Academic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology
3. Technology
• Technology is the process by which humans
modify nature to meet their needs and wants.
• TECHNOLOGY: "...the know-how and creative
processes that may assist people to utilise
tools, resources and systems to solve
problems and to enhance control over the
natural and made environment in an
endeavour to improve the human condition."
• (UNESCO, 1985).
4. ENGINEERING:
• “The creative application of scientific principles to
design or develop structures, machines, device,
or manufacturing processes,
• or works utilizing them singly or in combination;
or to construct or operate the same with full
cognizance of their design;
• or to forecast their behavior under specific
operating conditions; all as respects an intended
function, economics of operation and safety to
life and property.”
American Engineers' Council for Professional Development
5. Sc vs Eng
• Science aims to understand the "why" and
"how" of nature.
• Engineering seeks to shape the natural world
to meet human needs and wants.
• Scientists study the world as it is; engineers
create the world that has never been.
6. Innovation
• The introduction of something new, a new
way of doing something, the successful
exploitation of new ideas.
• Invention - an idea made manifest ... the first
occurrence of an idea for a new product or
process
• Innovation - ideas applied successfully ... the
first attempt to carry it out into practice
8. research
• ‘a systematic and organized effort to investigate
specific problem that needs a solution.’
• The systematic & objective identification,
collection, analysis, dissemination & use of
information for the purpose of assisting
management in the decision making related to the
identification and solution of problems (and
opportunities)
9. What we do in life…?
THINK
BELIEVE
DREAM
DARE
-Prof. CP Gupta
11. That’s why we need research…
Founded in 2004
with only Rs.
400000 now tuned
over Rs. 60,000
Crore company.
12. Research
Research is a process
of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing,
and disseminating
relevant data, information, and insights
to decision makers
in ways that facilitate the organization to take
appropriate business actions that, in turn,
maximize business performance
13. What is research?
• A search for knowledge
- A scientific and systematic search for
significant information on a specific topic
– A careful investigation through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge
– A journey of discovery – and so on
15. Getting Research Ideas
• From where did the author seem to draw the
ideas?
• What exactly was accomplished by this piece of
work?
• How does it seem to relate to other work in the
field?
• What would be the reasonable next step to build
upon this work?
• What ideas from related fields might be brought
to bear upon this subject?
17. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH:
• Academic Objectives – It relates to
development of new concept and addition to
old conce
• Utility objectives- It relates to utility of
research work, as research work, as research
is accepted for more use to the society.
18. Other Objectives
1. Decision making objectives.
2. Environmental objectives
3. Market objectives
4. Customer objectives
5. Profit and promotional objectives.
19.
20. Research Methods
• Research methods may be understood as all
those methods/techniques that are used for
conducting research.
21. Research methodology
• Research methodology is a way to
systematically solve the research problem; it
may be understood as a science of studying
how research is done scientifically. In it we
formulate the various steps that are to be
adopted by a researcher in studying his
research problem along with the logic behind
them.
22. Research Methodology versus
Research Methods
BASIS OF
COMPARISON
RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Meaning Research Method implies the
methods employed by the researcher
to conduct research.
Research methodology signifies
way to efficiently solving research
problems.
What is it? Behavior and instrument used in the
selection and construction of the
research technique.
Science of understanding, how
research is performed
methodically.
Encompasses Carrying out experiment, test, surveys
and so on.
Study different techniques which
can be utilized in the performance
of experiment, test, surveys etc.
Comprise of Different investigation techniques. Entire strategy towards
achievement of objective.
Objective To discover solution to research
problem.
To apply correct procedures so as
to determine solutions.
23. Research Process
• The research process consists of series of
various actions, which are necessary to
effective research work. It includes all such
stages required to carry out research work.
• This must specify desired steps involved in
conducting research work.
24. Research Process
(i) Formulating the Research Problem
(ii) Extensive Literature Survey
(iii) Developing the Research Hypothesis
(iv) Preparing the Research Design
(v) Determining the Research Design
(vi) Collecting the Research Data
(vii) Execution of the Project
(viii) Analysis of Data
(ix) Hypothesis Testing
(x) Generalization and Interpretation
(xi) Preparing of the Report or Presentation of the Result
25. Formulation of Research Problem:
• At the very outset, the researcher must decide
the general area of interest or aspect of a
subject matter that he would like to inquire
into and then research problem should be
formulated.
26. Extensive Literature Survey:
• Once the problem is formulated the researcher
should undertake extensive literature survey
connected with the problem.
• For this purpose, the abstracting and indexing
journals and published or unpublished
bibliographies are the first place to go to
academic journals, conference proceedings,
government reports, books etc. must be tapped
depending on the nature of the problem.
27. Development of Working Hypothesis:
• After extensive literature survey, researcher
should state in clear terms the working
hypothesis or hypotheses.
• Working hypothesis is tentative assumption
made in order to draw out and test its logical
or empirical consequences.
• It’s very important or it provides the focal
point for research.
28. Preparing the Research Design:
• A framework or blueprint for conducting the
marketing research project. It specific the
details of the procedures necessary for
obtaining the information needed to structure
and/or solve marketing research problems.
• It is simply a framework or blueprint for
the research study which guides the
collection and analysis of data
29. Determining Sample Design:
• Sample designs can be either probability or
non-probability.
• With probability samples each element has a
known probability of being included in the
sample but the non-probability samples do
not allow the researchers to determine this
probability.
30. Collecting the Data:
• There are several ways of collecting the
appropriate data which differ considerably in
context of cost, time and other resources at
the disposal of the researcher.
– Primary Data
– Secondary Data
31. Execution of the Project:
• Execution of project is a very important step in
the research process. If the execution of the
project proceeds on correct lines, the data to
be collected would be adequate and
dependable .
• A careful watch should be kept for
unanticipated factors in order to keep the
survey realistic as much as possible.
32. Analysis of Data:
• The analysis of data requires a number of
closely related operations such as
establishment of categories, the application of
these categories to raw data through coding,
tabulation and then drawing statistical
inference.
33. Hypothesis Testing:
• After analyzing the data, the researcher is in a
position to test the hypothesis, if any, he had
formulated earlier.
• Do the facts support the hypothesis or they
happen to be contrary?
• This is the usual question which is to be
answered by applying various tests like ‘t’ test,
’F’ test etc.
34. Generalizations and Interpretation:
• If a hypothesis is tested and upheld several times,
it may be possible for the researcher to arrive at
generalization i.e. to build a theory.
• As a matter of fact, the real value of research lies
in its ability to arrive at certain generalizations.
• If the researcher had no hypothesis to start with,
he might seek to explain his findings on the basis
of some theory. It is known as interpretation.
35. Preparation of the Report or the
Thesis:
• Finally, the researcher has to prepare the report
of what has been done by him. The layout of the
report should be as follows; the preliminary
pages, the main text and end matter.
• The preliminary pages carry title,
acknowledgements and forward and then index.
The main text of the report should have
introduction, review of literature and
methodology.
36. Types of research
• Types of research can be looked at from three
different perspectives
1. applications of the findings of the research
study;
2. objectives of the study;
3. mode of enquiry used in conducting the study.
37. Types of research: application
perspective
• Fundamental or basic research
• Applied research
38. Fundamental or basic research
• Study or investigation of some natural phenomenon or
relating to pure science are termed as basic research. Basic
researches sometimes may not lead to immediate use or
application. It is not concerned with solving any practical
problems of immediate interest. But it is original or basic in
character. It provides a systematic and deep insight into a
problem and facilitates extraction of scientific and logical
explanation and conclusion on it. It helps build new
frontiers of knowledge. The outcomes of basic research
form the basis for many applied research.
– Seeks generalization
– Aims at basic processes
– Attempts to explain why things happen
– Tries to get all the facts
– Reports in technical language of the topic
39. Applied research
• In an applied research one solves certain problems
employing well known and accepted theories and
principles. Most of the experimental research, case studies
and inter-disciplinary research are essentially applied
research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. A
research, the outcome of which has immediate application
is also termed as applied research. Such a research is of
practical use to current activity.
– Studies individual or specific cases without the objective to
generalize
– Aims at any variable which makes the desired difference
– Tries to say how things can be changed
– Tries to correct the facts which are problematic
– Reports in common language
40. Types of research: objectives
perspective
• Exploratory Research
• Descriptive research
• Explanatory research
• Longitudinal Research
• Cross-sectional Research
41. Exploratory Research
• Exploratory research might involve a literature search
or conducting focus group interviews. The exploration
of new phenomena in this way may help the
researcher’s need for better understanding, may test
the feasibility of a more extensive study, or determine
the best methods to be used in a subsequent study. For
these reasons, exploratory research is broad in focus
and rarely provides definite answers to specific
research issues.
• The objective of exploratory research is to identify key
issues and key variables.
42. Generally used exploratory research
methods:
a. Survey of existing literature
b. Survey of experienced individuals
c. Analysis of selected case situations
43. Descriptive Research
• The descriptive research is directed
toward studying “what” and how many
off this “what”. Thus, it is directed toward
answering questions such as, “What is
this?”
44. Explanatory research
• Its primary goal is to understand or to explain
relationships.
• It uses correlations to study relationships
between dimensions or characteristics off
individuals, groups, situations, or events.
• Explanatory research explains (How the parts
of a phenomenon are related to each other).
• Explanatory research asks the “Why” question
45. Longitudinal Research
• Research carried out longitudinally involves data collection at
multiple points in time. Longitudinal studies may take the form of:
• Trend study- looks at population characteristics over time, e.g.
organizational absenteeism rates during the course of a year
• Cohort study- traces a sub-population over time, e.g. absenteeism
rates for the sales department;
• Panel study- traces the same sample over time, e.g. graduate career
tracks over the period 1990 – 2000 for the same starting cohort.
• While longitudinal studies will often be more time consuming and
expensive than cross-sectional studies, they are more likely to
identify causal relationships between variables
46. Cross-sectional Research
• One-shot or cross-sectional studies are those
in which data is gathered once, during a
period of days, weeks or months.
• Many cross-sectional studies are exploratory
or descriptive in purpose. They are designed
to look at how things are now, without any
sense of whether there is a history or trend at
work.
47. Types of research: mode of enquiry
perspective
• Quantitative research
• Qualitative research
48. Qualitative research
• It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies
reasoning and uses words.
• Its aim is to get the meaning, feeling and
describe the situation.
• Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
• It is exploratory.
• It investigates the why and how of decision
making
49. Quantitative research
• It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies
statistics or mathematics and uses numbers.
• It is an iterative process whereby evidence is
evaluated.
• The results are often presented in tables and
graphs.
• It is conclusive.
• It investigates the what, where and when of
decision making.
50. Mixed research
• Mixed research- research that involves the
mixing of quantitative and qualitative
methods or paradigm characteristics. Nature
of data is mixture of variables, words and
images.