RESEARCH DESIGN- FINAL PRESENTATION.pptx

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
Dr. Debbie E. Bandahala
PR2-Teacher
debandahala2174@gmail.com

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1. chooses appropriate quantitative research design
(CS_RS12-IIa-c-1)
2. describes sampling procedure and the sample
(CS_RS12-IIa-c-2)
3. plans data analysis using statistics (CS_RS12-IIa-c-6)
The learner….

CHAPTER III
• Research Design
• Research Locale
• Respondents of the Study
• Sampling Design
• Research Instrument
• Reliability and Validity of the Research
Instrument
• Data Gathering Procedures
• Statistical Treatment of Data

OBJECTIVES
1. To present the different types of research design
2. To determine the samples of the study
3. To discuss the reliability and validity of the research
instrument
4. To identify the statistical treatment of data – based
form the research problem.

Research Design
• Refers to the scheme or plan of action
for meeting the objective.
• A set of instructions for the researcher
to gather data and analyze data in
certain ways that will control who and
what are to be studied. (Blink, 2014).

• Thus, the choice of design is
made when the question is
finalized.

Research Design
• A research design is a general plan or
strategy for conducting a research study to
examine specific testable research questions
of interest. (Lavrakas, 2011)

The researcher’s plan
• How the study will be conducted.
• Type of data that will be collected
• The means to be used to obtain
these data.

Research Design
• The nature of the research questions
and hypotheses, the variables involved,
the sample of participants, the research
settings, the data collection methods,
and the data analysis methods are
factors that contribute to the selection of
the appropriate research design.

Research Design
• Thus, a research design is the structure, or
the blueprint, of research that guides the
process of research from the formulation of
the research questions and hypotheses to
reporting the research findings. In designing
any research study, the researcher should be
familiar with the basic steps of the research
process that guide all types of research
designs. Also, the researcher should be
familiar with the problems.

Quantitative Research Designs

Quantitative Research is sub-divided into
two Major Types
Experimental Research
Design
Non - Experimental Research
Design
True
Experimental
Quasi-
Experimental
According to
Purpose
According to
Time
Descriptive -
Survey Correlational Longitudinal
Cross-Sectional

Experimental Research Design
- deals with CAUSE and EFFECT relationships
- Utilizes the methods of difference research
principle
- Uses two sets of variables. The first set
acts a constant which you use to measure
the differences of the second set.

Experimental Research Designs
Experimental Designs
• Methods used to collect
data in experimental studies
Types of Experimental Designs
1. True Experimental
Research Design
2. Quasi-Experimental
Research Design

Aims to determine causal relationships
among variables
1. True Experimental Research
Design
Relies on statistical analysis to approve or
disprove a hypothesis
Considered as the most accurate type of
experimental design
Conducted with or without a pre-test
Involves a control group and a test group
Variable Manipulation
Random selection of
participants
Conducted in a
controlled setting
Intervention is present

• Control Group • Test/Experimental group
True Experimental
Research Design
THE EFFECT OF CLASSICAL MUSIC ON
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
Constant/Regular
No Intervention
No Music
Intervention
Classical Music
Frequency
Music Volume
Variable
Manipulation

• Control Group
• Test/Experimental group
True Experimental
Research Design
THE EFFECT OF CLASSICAL MUSIC ON
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
No Intervention
No Music
Intervention Classical Music
80%
98%
Playing classical music while studying has a positive effect on
the students’ academic performance.

2. Quasi- Experimental Design
aims to determine a causal relationship among
variables
Involves conduct of pretest and posttest
Conduct in a controlled
setting
Respondents are not randomly assigned
Bears resemblance to true experimental
research but – different
Variable manipulation

PEER TUTORING: ITS EFFECT ON READING
FLUENCY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Pretest on Reading Fluency Pretest on Reading Fluency
A B
Experimental
Group Control Group
Intervention
NO Intervention
PEER Tutoring
Posttest on Reading Fluency Posttest on Reading Fluency

PRETEST READING FLUENCY TEST

PEER TUTORING
Intervention:
V
A
R
I
A
B
L
E
M
A
N
I
P
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
Duration of the Program
Schedules
Teaching strategy used
Reading Fluency

POSTTEST
READING FLUENCY TEST
Peer Tutoring is
effective in improving
the reading fluency of
senior high school

Non-Experimental Research Design

DESCRIPTIVE
Non-Experimental Research Design
Content Analysis
Case Study
Survey

Descriptive Research Design
• A research method that describes the
characteristics of the population or
phenomenon studied.
• Primarily focuses on describing the
nature of a demographic segment:
focuses more on what of the research
subject.

Characteristics of Descriptive Research Design
• Describes a particular phenomenon and get the general
overview of it.
• Aims to generalize the result
• Works with large sample size
• Normally collects quantitative data
• Variables are uncontrolled.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
• A purposive process of gathering,
analyzing, classifying and tabulating
data

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
• Making adequate and accurate
interpretation about such data with
or without the aid of statistical
methods.

SURVEY
- A fact finding study with adequate and
accurate interpretation.
- Use to collect demographic data
- Demographic data pertains to the
characteristics of human person. (examples
age, sex, family income, interest, attitudes and
the like)

Non – Experimental Research Design-
Descriptive
According to
Purpose SURVEY RESEARCH
Done to gather evidence on
people’s knowledge, opinions,
attitudes and values on various
issues and concerns.
Make use of questionnaires,
interviews and surveys.
Variables are not
controlled/manipulated
No intervention is
applied

ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF MASS TESTING?
SURVEY RESEARCH
Come up with conclusions
Analyze and interpret tallied
data
Record and tally the
responses
RESPONSIBILITIES
N
o
I
N
T
E
R
V
E
N
T
I
O
N
YES
NO
10 out of 40
respondents
= 25%
30 out of 40
respondents
= 75%
Conclusion
Majority of the
respondents are not in
favor of MASS TESTING.

Case Study
- Involve a more in-depth
analysis of an individual or
smaller audience
- A comprehensive detailed
and in depth study and
analysis of an individual,
institution, group or
community.
- Must be comprehensive
and detailed

Instrument Used
Survey
• Questionnaires
Case Study
• Interview
• Observation
• Questionnaires
• Psychological test
• Anecdotal records
• Checklist
• Rating scales

Content Analysis
Documentary Analysis • Deals with the documentary
materials that are already
existing and available, that can
be accessed.
In doing content Analysis
- Objective
- Systematic
- Quantitative
Portray of Women in a Tabloid Newspaper
from January 2020 – June 2020. 6 months

Instrument Used in content Analysis
- Tally sheets
- Checklist

Non – Experimental Research Design
According to
Purpose CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Seeks to interpret the degree of
relationship between two or
more variables using statistical
data.
No intervention is applied
Variables are not
controlled/manipulated
Does not aim to
determine cause and
effect relationships.

The Influence of Online Gaming to critical
Thinking of Students
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Reject or accept hypothesis
Analyze and interpret
treated data
Gather needed data
RESPONSIBILITIES
N
o
I
N
T
E
R
V
E
N
T
I
O
N
H0: There is no significant relationship between
online gaming and critical thinking
Online
Gaming
Critical
thinking
Apply correct statistical
treatment

CROSS-SECTIONAL
• Involves gathering data at a
single point in time
According to
Time
• Focuses on the same set of variables
• Comparisons are made
across variables of interest
• Identifying the spending
Trends between Men and
women in their 30’s
• Women tend to spend
more money than men
Spending trends between men and women
20’s 40’s 50’s 60’s

LONGITUDINAL
• Data is collected at multiple
points in time
According to
Time
• Done for the purpose of comparing data sets
• Collects data from the present
and again in the future
The Effect of the Use of Anti-Retroviral Medicines as Maintenance Drug for
HIV positive patients
HIV Viral
Load
1st
month
4th
month
10th
month
16th
month
22nd
month
28th
month
1,500 1,000 700 300 100 0
UNDETECTABLE

TYPES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
ACCORDING TO TIME
CROSS-SECTIONAL LONGITUDINAL
OBSERVATIONAL
Same set of variable with
other variables of interest
Data is collected at a
single period in time
Taken a relatively short
amount of time to finish
Compare data
Same variable and same
subjects
No intervention
No variable
manipulation
Data is collected
multiple times
May take long time
before completion

RECAP

Quantitative Research is sub-divided into
two Major Types
Experimental Research
Design
Non - Experimental Research
Design
True
Experimental
Quasi-
Experimental
According to
Purpose
According to
Time
Descriptive -
Survey
Correlational Longitudinal
Cross-Sectional

EXPERIMENTAL VS NON-EXPERIMENTAL
EXPERIMENTAL NON- EXPERIMENTAL
Involves manipulation of
variables
Involve Numeric
data
Involve Statistics
No Manipulation of data
No intervention done

2 Types of Experimental Research Designs
1. True Experimental Research
Design
2. Quasi- Experimental Research
Design

Types of Experimental Research
TRUE EXPERIMENTAL QUASI- EXPERIMENTAL
- Random selection of
participants
- Participants are not
randomly selected
- Conducted with or
without pretest True
Experimental
- Test group and
control group
- Involves pretest
and posttest
- No control group
 Determine causal
relationship
 intervention
 Manipulation of
variables
 controlled setting

According to Purpose
1. Descriptive- Survey
2. Correlational
According to Time
1. Cross – sectional
2. Longitudinal
Non - Experimental Research Design

Determine the Research Design for the
following research problem
1. What are the mean gain scores of Grade 7 students
in mathematics of the control and experimental groups?
2. Do plants grow better with water or other liquid?

Examples
3. What is the performance of Grade 7 Students in science
after the cloud classroom teaching method was used?
4. What is the effect of webinars on teachers’ mental health?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the level of
Teachers' Capabilities and the teachers’ attitudes in writing
research?

Answers
1. Quasi- Experimental
2. True Experimental
3. Quasi – Experimental
4. Non- Experimental – Descriptive-Survey
5. Non – Experimental – Correlational

Examples

Next topic is
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

RESEARCH DESIGN- FINAL PRESENTATION.pptx

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