This document provides a brief summary of Dalit literature that emerged after the 1960s in India. It discusses some of the prominent Dalit writers and their works that gave voice to the struggles and oppression faced by the Dalit community under the caste system. The movement sought to assert the identity and rights of Dalits through literature that depicted their realities and aspirations for equality. Some of the major writers mentioned include Baburao Bagul, Namdeo Dhasal, and authors of memoirs like Baby Kamble who shed light on the experiences of the Dalit community. Overall, the document outlines the emergence and goals of Dalit literature in highlighting the plight of Dalits and promoting their emancipation.
Many Marathi Dalit autobiographies have been translated into English. This PPt, based on my thesis, deals with the motifs, characterization identity formation,narrative strategies and a comparison with African American autobiographies.
Evaluate 'Joothan' as the portrayal of Dalit's traumatic life experiences KHUSHBOO HIRANI
A short introduction to Omprakash Valmiki the author,his Important works, the introductory note of translation theory, peeping into the suffering and oppressions of Dalits.
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC AS REGARDS THE POSITION OF GANDHI IN RELATION TO THE UNTOUCHABLES.
TWO STARTING POINTS: "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS" (Arundhaty Roy) and the movie GANDHI. Three points of view. Plenty of Sources.
Many Marathi Dalit autobiographies have been translated into English. This PPt, based on my thesis, deals with the motifs, characterization identity formation,narrative strategies and a comparison with African American autobiographies.
Evaluate 'Joothan' as the portrayal of Dalit's traumatic life experiences KHUSHBOO HIRANI
A short introduction to Omprakash Valmiki the author,his Important works, the introductory note of translation theory, peeping into the suffering and oppressions of Dalits.
CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC AS REGARDS THE POSITION OF GANDHI IN RELATION TO THE UNTOUCHABLES.
TWO STARTING POINTS: "THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS" (Arundhaty Roy) and the movie GANDHI. Three points of view. Plenty of Sources.
Modus Operandi of Empowering Women in Some Selected Novels of Anita Desaiijtsrd
Because of the rigid rules and regulations of the patriarchal society we have to empower women for the development of the society itself. In the Vedic Ages women were highly respected in Indian society. “Sahadharmini†which means equal partner was used in that period. Women enjoyed respect, equality, education, and reverence at that time. It was in the age of Sutras and Epics i.e. in 500 B.C. to A.D.500 that the status of women changed considerably. Their position within the society was deteriorated day by day. Manu said that a woman has to be dependent before marriage on her parents and after marriage on her husband. Throughout their life they have to maintain their role as an obedient daughter, as a devoted wife, and as a caring mother. They became the subordinate and silence second sex under the strong clutches of the patriarchal society. The feminist of India consider him as a misogynist. However since independence, the role and status of women have been gradually changed. Through different type of feministic movement which is the outburst of centuries of struggle for women's rights, women become successful to snatch a respectable position for them within the society. Being a woman, the Indian novelists of the contemporary literature raised their voices against the suppressed cultures and traditions of the society where women are considered as inferior to men, through their writings. In this particular paper, the contemporary Indian novelist Anita Desai's two novels ‘Cry, the Peacock' and ‘Clear Light of Day' have been taken up for a brief discussion to understand the status of women in Indian society. Dolan Ghosh | Dr. Anita Singh "Modus Operandi of Empowering Women in Some Selected Novels of Anita Desai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46370.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/46370/modus-operandi-of-empowering-women-in-some-selected-novels-of-anita-desai/dolan-ghosh
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
Modus Operandi of Empowering Women in Some Selected Novels of Anita Desaiijtsrd
Because of the rigid rules and regulations of the patriarchal society we have to empower women for the development of the society itself. In the Vedic Ages women were highly respected in Indian society. “Sahadharmini†which means equal partner was used in that period. Women enjoyed respect, equality, education, and reverence at that time. It was in the age of Sutras and Epics i.e. in 500 B.C. to A.D.500 that the status of women changed considerably. Their position within the society was deteriorated day by day. Manu said that a woman has to be dependent before marriage on her parents and after marriage on her husband. Throughout their life they have to maintain their role as an obedient daughter, as a devoted wife, and as a caring mother. They became the subordinate and silence second sex under the strong clutches of the patriarchal society. The feminist of India consider him as a misogynist. However since independence, the role and status of women have been gradually changed. Through different type of feministic movement which is the outburst of centuries of struggle for women's rights, women become successful to snatch a respectable position for them within the society. Being a woman, the Indian novelists of the contemporary literature raised their voices against the suppressed cultures and traditions of the society where women are considered as inferior to men, through their writings. In this particular paper, the contemporary Indian novelist Anita Desai's two novels ‘Cry, the Peacock' and ‘Clear Light of Day' have been taken up for a brief discussion to understand the status of women in Indian society. Dolan Ghosh | Dr. Anita Singh "Modus Operandi of Empowering Women in Some Selected Novels of Anita Desai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46370.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/46370/modus-operandi-of-empowering-women-in-some-selected-novels-of-anita-desai/dolan-ghosh
Here I am sharing my presentation of paper no 7 Literary theory & criticism 2.It is a part of my academic activity .It is submitted to Dr Dilip Barad .Department of English
The word ‘Subaltern’ stands for ‘of inferior rank’ or status. Subordinate, hence, of rank, power, authority and action. In other words, it refers to the subordination of class, caste, gender, race, language and culture. It also indicates to those groups in society who are subject to the domination of the ruling classes.In general, subaltern classes include peasants, workers and other groups who have been denied access to ‘hegemonic’ power.
Antonio Gramsci: Italian Marxist, best known for his elaboration of the concept of 'hegemony'. A founder of the Italian communist party (in 1921), he was imprisoned by the Fascists in 1926, and spent the remainder of his life under arrest. While in prison, and despite poor health, he continued to study and write. The Prison Notebooks (1929—1935), published only after the fall of Fascism, represent the core of his considerable contribution to Marxist theory. (Edgar, Sedgwick, 2002) ...........
A Descriptive Study of Modern and Post Modern Odia Poetryijtsrd
Literature scholars refer to the works written after 1980s as Post modern literature. During this period the thoughts and ideas were too wide. Poets drew the picture of the world as a village, so to say, a family. The present paper attempts to elaborate what modern odia poetry is and what changed during the post modern time. Here the discussion elaborates the poet’s love for his motherland, re evaluation of humanity, artistry in presentation, Dalit concept of poems, importance to transgender, feminist new voice and importance to the reader in the context of post modern Odia poems. Subash Chandra Bhoi "A Descriptive Study of Modern and Post-Modern Odia Poetry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/odia/51811/a-descriptive-study-of-modern-and-postmodern-odia-poetry/subash-chandra-bhoi
Life and Contribution of Ambedkar to emancipation of untouchables, eradication of caste system, women's rights, Constitution of India, equality, liberty, fraternity etc
“ Shifting Centres and Emerging Margins: Translation and the Shaping of the Modernist Discourse in Indian Poetry”
in Indigenous Imaginaries: Literature, Region, Modernity by E.V. Ramakrishanan
Rabindranath Tagore's views on Nationalism and Patriotism were far ahead of his time. Today also his views are very relevant. He was able to see the dangers of hyper-nationalism and patriotism. It may stand against humanity. He feared that national will replace human beings. His views of Japan's economic rise and military aggression.
This was webinar presentation. The event was organised by a college in north Karnataka.
This presentation takes a look at some of the writers and their work in the field of Dalit literature in an attempt to relate their writings with their lives, and see how their experiences of being oppressed gives a direction to their writing. One also looks at works of some of the Non-Dalit writers to study their views and stance on the issue of Caste Discrimination.
FILLING THE INTERNAL EMPTY SPACES: SOME INDIAN WOMEN POETS WRITING IN ENGLISHRam Krishna Singh
Text of Professor R.K. Singh’s Plenary session talk on 31 January 2014 at the National Seminar on “Indian English Poetry by Women Poets since 1980s” organized by the Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad (Jharkhand) from 30-31 January, 2014.
Investigations were carried out to see the effect of pesticide 'companion' on the proximal composition and enzyme namely amylase, GOT and GPT of whole green gram in the early stages of germination. The findings revealed that the pesticides increase the enzyme activity in the early stages of germination and thus increase the metabolic rate. The Vitamin-C content was also enhanced with the use of pesticide, but there was a decrease in the proximal composition of the gram when treated with pesticide.
Afghanistan as a landlocked country occupies crucial geo-strategic
location connecting East & west Asia. This work is also the sincere effort to highlight the
factors which can bring sustainable development and peace in Afghanistan & also those
negative factors which are encouraging extremism of Taliban, terrorism and undue interference
by some countries. Generally it has been seen that the regional powers are also vary in action.
I also highlight the role of regional and trans- regional actors which are creating obstacles
in the construction of peaceful Afghanistan. I have also try to highlights the suggestions and
recommendation for the establishment of sustainable development & peace in afghanistan
through the collective support of major powers.
Key words : Afghanistan, Taliban, Great Game, Durand line,Russia ,Caspian sea,WTC
The research paper focuses on the Indian immigrant's experiences of immigration, nostalgia, language,
tradition, and acculturation in the host land with reference to Uma Parameswaran's literary fiction, "What Was
Always Hers". As a diasporic writer, she has seen and experienced immigrant life in the host country, Canada
and in her diasporic works; she has highlighted Indian immigrants' cultural displacement in the adopted country,
Canada. In the present book, she has explored the immigrant life of Indians especially immigrated women in their
adopted country. Her characters are always live in confusion to accept the culture of the native country or host
country and express their socio-cultural ties towards their homeland.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. SONALI RODE
International Research Journal ISSN-0975-3486 VOL. I * ISSUE—3&4 RNI : RAJBIL/2009/30097
Research Paper— English
A BRIEF STUDY OF DALIT
LITERATURE AFTER 1960’S
* Sonali Rode
Dec.-09—Jan.-2010
* Dept of English, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati
Dalit literature is always marked by revolt and negativ- crimination; physical and mental torture. There at-
ism, as it intimately linked with hopes for freedom of a tempts to assert their rights are often met with strong
group of people who, as “ untouchables “ are unfortu- resistance even today.
nate bunches of social, economic and cultural inequal- Dalit literary movement is not only a liberal move-
ity. In 12th century the Dalit poet, Kalavve challenged ment but is also a logo of change and revolution where
the upper castes in the following words. the primary aim is liberation of Dalits .Dalits literary
“ Those who eat goats, fouls and tiny fish : movement thus has a long history which unfolds the
Such they all out caste people. secret struggle against castism. There are numerous
Those who eat the scared cow theories about the origin of Dalit Literature. Buddha
That showers frothing milk for shiva : (6th B.C) Chokhamela (14th AD) Mahatma Phule (1828 -
Dalits are the people, who are looked down upon 90) are hailed as its originators by various activists
even by other workers. In Marathi the word Dalit is and ideological groups. These great men were deeply
used for ‘the spurned’ : the term was first expression concerned about the plights of the untouchables. A
which now includes Harijans (Mahars), Mangs, Mallas, huge mass of literature is created in the light of their
Chambhars and pulayas. The Dalits were treated worse teachings and vision but it was Dr. Ambedkar, a great
than animals till the end of 19th century. Their presence modern visionary renaissance leader, the architect of
was usually banned from upper class society.The caste the Constitution of India and ardent critic of caste
system with a history of more than 3000 years in India, system who demolished the myth of caste hierarchy.
is a shameful social segregation which works on the He inspired and initiated the creative minds of Indian
principal of purity. Purity is rich and white. Impurity is to enforce the socio-cultural upsurge for the total
poor and dark. Hidden powers of wealth can be easily upliftment of Dalits.
traced in every feudal Brahmanical concept. Economic The Dalit youths gained motivations from the
division is reflected in social classification. Dr Black Movement of the far land of North America. Their
Ambedkar says that “the caste system came into be- literature “Black Panther” then became the role model
ing long after the different races of India had mingled”.1 for them. Although started in an unorganized way,
Caste system is a socio cultural menace of Hinduism. Dalit literary movement gained pace with the active
The traditional Hindu society has four caste groups: support of B.R. Ambedkar. Under his leadership Dalit
Brahmins. Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and shudras. The literature had sought new avenues of liberation, which
shudras occupy the lowest position in this abhorrent later turned into an integral part of the Dalit
social order. Untouchablity was formally outlawed by theology.Together with serving in the literary section,
the constitution of India in 1950. But in practice, the the movement is also a social and cultural movement
Dalits still suffer social economic exclusion and dis- that portrays the dreams and ambitions, as well as the
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2. International Research Journal ISSN-0975-3486 VOL. I * ISSUE—3 &4 RNI : RAJBIL/2009/30097
angst and affection of thousands of Dalits. Many the life in her village, called Vergaon. In her memory
Dalit writers, comprising Omprakash Valmiki, M.D. the Maharwadas never had a prosperous life. On one
Naimishray and Bandhumadav took active participa- side ignorance and lack of reasoning ruled them, on
tion and endeavor to be part of the Dalit literary move- the other side, the Maharwadas life was dominated
ment, identifying themselves with pride as being ‘Dalit’. by poverty and epidemics. Death rate was high be-
While the Dalit movement has emerged in response to cause of ceaseless starvation and lack of medical fa-
Dalit oppression, much continues to be fulfilled. cilities for the fatal epidemics moreover superstitions
Dalit authors are able to show not only the hostile adorned their blindness.
circumstances in which Dalits live but also their “The suffering of my community has always
struggle for emancipation from caste. Religion has been more important than my own individual suf-
role- played a decisive part in the writings of fering. I have identified myself completely with my
Dalits.Baburao Bagul was one of the main exponents people and therefore, Jina Amucha was the autobi-
of Dalit literature in Maharashtra. He has made a valu- ography of my own community “1
able contribution to Indian literature as a progressive The Prisons we Broke transcends the bound-
writer and architect of Dalit literature . His writings aries of personal narrative and at once become a
ushered an era of revolutionary writing in Marathi Lit- sociological treatise, a historical and political record a
erature feminist critique, a protest against Hinduism and the
In 1963, Bagul published his first collection of Sordid Memoir of a cursed community.
stories “Jeva me Jaat Chorli Hoti” (When I robbed Another Dalit writer Namdeo Dhasal emerged on
my caste). These stories broke all the norms of con- to the Maharashtra Dalit literacy scene in early 70s.
ventional story writing in Marathi and altered the Born in 1949, in Mahar Cast, Dahasal is the only Dalit
face of short story writing.While speaking on this poet to have received a lifetime achievement award
publication he said that although he inherited his caste from Sahitya Akadami. Dhasal is a potent voice of Dalit
by virtue of his birth at the time of writing he felt one protest who feels close relation between literature and
with all the downtrodden of the world and then al- politics. His collection Golpitha (name of a red light
lowed him to express their miseries, frustrations and district in Mumbai) depicts the tough life of a Dalit and
struggle in his stories. Another collection of his sto- is marked with ‘raw energy exuded by each of its words
ries “Maran Swast Hot ahe” was published in 1996. entirely unfamiliar to the established literary circle of
Rather than evoking repulsion against the inhuman- its time’. In Golpitha Dhasal, taking artistic liberty with
ity, lawlessness and cruetly that his characters re- free verse lashes out against the system, using the
flected, he was amazingly successful in inciting sym- words that had never been printed. Dilip chitre, re-
pathy towards them among the readers. His volatile nowned awarded critic, poet and translator has trans-
words speak of destroying the present system and lated Dhasal’s poems in English, entitled Namdeo
show his extreme hatred for the system which is Dhasal : Poet of the underground : in this book Chitre
based on ‘ Manusmriti’ In one of his poem he says- says
If you are born here “Namdeo’s Universe is untouchable too . It is
You will have to become Ambedkar loathsome and nauseating universe, a journey into it
Rebolutionary Ambedkar is a journey from the sacred into the profane. Or if we
The sworn enemy of Manu. were to see it in purely secular and material terms, it
The Prisons We Broke is the first work in Dalit is a journey from the clean to the dirty, from the sani-
literature written by a woman Baby Kamble. The book tized to the unsanitary, from healthy to the diseased.”2
deals with two major problems of the society: (1) the Some Dalit writers tried to look at their pasts with
oppression and exploitation of the Dalit by the upper a kind of detached look that is now definitely over-
class and (2) the discrimination towards women in a come. They consider as having to put it on record as
patriarchal society. In the memoir she tells us about a document for the history of their society and man-
82
3. International Research Journal ISSN-0975-3486 VOL. I * ISSUE—3&4 RNI : RAJBIL/2009/30097
kind in general. Times have changed to such an extent of every Dalit in India to live like a man . It seeks to
that one may be unable to imagine that such atrocities promote self respect and dignity among the Dalits.
could have happened at all. One may even be prompted The book symbolizes Dr. Ambedkar’s message : edu-
for various reasons to deny that they ever happened. cate, organize and agitate.
Authors therefore make an effort to give a precise tes- Urmila Pawar’s Aaydan is another memoir by a
timony and show in details how they have been op- Dalit woman describing long journey from Konkan to
pressed. Their testimonies are valuable sources of Mumbai, bringing to fruition the struggle of three gen-
social history. The writings have something of an au- erations for a Dalit modernity, about which readers
topsy. One of the most typical example in this respect have hitherto heard so little. Aaydan is a generic term
is Shankarrao Kharat, former vice-chancellor of used for all the things made from Bomboos translated
Marathwada university. The prolific author of a num- for the first time in English as The Weaves Of My Life.
ber of short-stories, novels, articles and other essays Aaydan is marked by the honesty of its narration, told
on Dr. Ambedkar, his conversion, his letters and the with a sense of irony and humor. Urmila looks at her-
history of the Dalit movement and an autobiography self as a child, daughter, wife and mother as objec-
Taral Antaral (1981). Though it is life story of Kharat, tively as she does at Harishchandra as a husband.
it also is a story of ‘The Untouchable’. While he chose to remain esconed in convention, she
Another Dalit writer Sharankumbar Limbale, au- raced ahead.
thor of Akkarmashi (Bastard) tells us about the plights Thus, Dalit literature in Maharashtra represent
he suffered being a Dalit. The word refers to the child oppression, struggles, assertion and quest for iden-
born form extra-marital relations and is used only as an tity of the downtrodden community. The literature
abuse. As a child, he used to stay in Maharatwada. raises questions against Hindu social discrimination
The people used to tease him by using this deroga- and caste system. The motives of Dalit literature are :
tory word, which he deliberately chose as a title for his the denunciation of an inhuman past and the procla-
book.Aamcha Baap Aan Amhi (Our father and us) is mation of a decisive victory due to Dr. Ambedkar and
an autobiographical account of a Maharashtrian Dalit the Dalit movement. This Dalit literature is testimony
family’s struggle in breaking the logjam of adversities about the suffering of past as “Pains of death” (life in
to reach the top of the success ladder, came out in Death). The writers try to keep record of their agonies
Marathi in 1993 by Dr. Narendra Jadhao. According to and efforts to survive, on the one hand and on the
the author the book harps on progress through self new generation, who tend to return into the fold of a
enlightenment rather that living on props like reserva- culturally repressive society of the one who has shown
tions or ex-gratia considerations. Aamcha Baap Aan humanity the way of justice and love, Ambedkar a god
Amhi is a strong statement for the fundamental right from among men.
R E F E R E N C E
1. Pg 136, Interview with Maya Pandit, The Prison We Broke, Trans. By Maya Pandit, Orient Blackswan Pvt.Ltd. 2009
2. pg. 11-12, Dilip Chitre, Namdeo Dhasal : Poet of the underworld, Chennai,Navayana,2007. 3. Writing & Speeches 61 I.P.49
Dr. B.R. Ambedekar
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