This document provides background information on Plato's Republic. It discusses:
1) The dialogue takes place in the port of Piraeus where Socrates encounters various individuals including Cephalus and his sons, Plato's brothers Glaucon and Adeimantus, and the sophist Thrasymachus.
2) The discussion covers different definitions of justice put forward by Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus, with Socrates refuting each definition through questioning.
3) Thrasymachus' view is that justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger, which Socrates challenges by arguing that a true ruler seeks the
The document discusses the qualities needed in a physician based on passages from Plato. It states that a physician should:
1) Be elderly and experienced, able to make wise judgments.
2) Care most for the health and well-being of the city, with the city's benefit as their primary motivation.
3) Educate through persuasion rather than force, guiding people to willingly understand both health and sickness.
The document discusses the role of an information architect and user experience design. It provides examples of how information architects work with designers to structure websites and ensure the architecture meets user needs. The information architect's role is to organize information and ensure the structure and navigation of a site works intuitively for users.
This document discusses concepts from evolution theory and thermodynamics. It begins by introducing key thinkers like Charles Darwin and advances in fields such as genetics and DNA research. It then discusses concepts like natural selection from both micro and macro perspectives. It notes that from a micro view, differences cannot be seen, but from a macro view, differences between thermodynamic states can be observed. The document also discusses how information is lost when observing systems from a macro view alone.
The passage discusses an article titled "The Meaning of Asharq Al-Awsat" in three paragraphs. It summarizes the article's main ideas, which center around defining Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper and discussing its role in connecting the Arab world and addressing social and cultural issues in the region. The passage concludes by noting the article emphasizes the newspaper's mission to objectively shed light on important topics.
Socrates defends himself against charges of corrupting the youth and not believing in the city's gods. He argues that he only seeks truth through questioning others, and that encouraging critical thinking is worthwhile, even if it upsets some. He says death does not frighten him if he lives virtuously, and that he will continue philosophizing as long as he is able.
1. The document discusses three topics related to constructing Muslim identities: disciplining the body through internalizing scriptural norms, simplifying the corpus of Islamic knowledge, and reconstructing the religious community.
2. It focuses on how emphasizing sexual morality and internalizing those norms contributes to the 'moralization' of what Islam means.
3. The final topic discusses reconstructing the religious community by emphasizing certain interpretations of scripture over local contexts.
The document discusses various topics related to education including a list of subjects taught in school and their objectives. It also mentions the importance of extracurricular activities and developing students' skills outside of academics. Overall student development and preparing them for their future careers are emphasized.
The document discusses various topics related to language and communication including different writing systems, languages, and scripts. It provides background on the development and current state of several languages and scripts.
The document discusses the qualities needed in a physician based on passages from Plato. It states that a physician should:
1) Be elderly and experienced, able to make wise judgments.
2) Care most for the health and well-being of the city, with the city's benefit as their primary motivation.
3) Educate through persuasion rather than force, guiding people to willingly understand both health and sickness.
The document discusses the role of an information architect and user experience design. It provides examples of how information architects work with designers to structure websites and ensure the architecture meets user needs. The information architect's role is to organize information and ensure the structure and navigation of a site works intuitively for users.
This document discusses concepts from evolution theory and thermodynamics. It begins by introducing key thinkers like Charles Darwin and advances in fields such as genetics and DNA research. It then discusses concepts like natural selection from both micro and macro perspectives. It notes that from a micro view, differences cannot be seen, but from a macro view, differences between thermodynamic states can be observed. The document also discusses how information is lost when observing systems from a macro view alone.
The passage discusses an article titled "The Meaning of Asharq Al-Awsat" in three paragraphs. It summarizes the article's main ideas, which center around defining Asharq Al-Awsat newspaper and discussing its role in connecting the Arab world and addressing social and cultural issues in the region. The passage concludes by noting the article emphasizes the newspaper's mission to objectively shed light on important topics.
Socrates defends himself against charges of corrupting the youth and not believing in the city's gods. He argues that he only seeks truth through questioning others, and that encouraging critical thinking is worthwhile, even if it upsets some. He says death does not frighten him if he lives virtuously, and that he will continue philosophizing as long as he is able.
1. The document discusses three topics related to constructing Muslim identities: disciplining the body through internalizing scriptural norms, simplifying the corpus of Islamic knowledge, and reconstructing the religious community.
2. It focuses on how emphasizing sexual morality and internalizing those norms contributes to the 'moralization' of what Islam means.
3. The final topic discusses reconstructing the religious community by emphasizing certain interpretations of scripture over local contexts.
The document discusses various topics related to education including a list of subjects taught in school and their objectives. It also mentions the importance of extracurricular activities and developing students' skills outside of academics. Overall student development and preparing them for their future careers are emphasized.
The document discusses various topics related to language and communication including different writing systems, languages, and scripts. It provides background on the development and current state of several languages and scripts.
The document discusses several topics including nature, education, and family. It notes that nature provides for people's livelihoods and that education is important for children. It emphasizes living in harmony with nature and passing knowledge to future generations.
The document appears to be notes from a meeting or lesson containing several sections and topics. It includes headings for different topics discussed such as definitions, examples, and conclusions. Names or initials of "M" are listed next to various points, possibly indicating discussion points or assignments. The text contains both Latin and Arabic script.
This document provides an overview of leadership concepts and theories. It defines leadership as influencing others towards achieving common goals. Several theories of leadership are discussed, including trait theory, behavior theory, contingency theory, and integrated/cross-cultural approaches. Key leadership styles and their relationships with situational factors are also examined. The document covers various dimensions of power and skills related to effective leadership.
The document discusses the importance of unity and cooperation. It emphasizes working together towards common goals and understanding different perspectives. It encourages moving forward in a spirit of mutual respect.
صفحة الناقد العربي تاريخ ال سعود النسخة الاصلية ناصر السعيدalirifland
The document discusses the importance of learning from experience and summarizing lessons learned. It notes that experiences can be drawn from to improve future performance and issues should be openly discussed to promote progress. The document emphasizes reflecting on past actions and applying insights to current challenges.
The document appears to be a price list for various publications and magazines in different currencies. It lists the prices of over 30 different publications/magazines in currencies such as Euro, British Pound, US Dollar, Turkish Lira, etc. The prices range from around 2 to 90 with most priced between 5-30 of the listed currencies.
المسرح و التغير الاجتماعي في الخليج العربي Tamara Dz
The document appears to be a mix of Arabic and other non-English text with some numbers. It contains several section headings but the text under each section is not in English and cannot be understood without translation. The document overall seems to contain various non-English terms or headings with no clear purpose or high-level summary that can be understood from the text as provided.
The document discusses mathematical functions and operations in symbolic algebra software. It provides examples of functions like PI, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and other functions. It also demonstrates how to evaluate and simplify symbolic expressions using commands like evalf, subs, and factor. The document is intended to teach users how to work with symbolic expressions and functions.
The document provides biographical information about several individuals including their names, titles, and areas of expertise. It also includes a short narrative passage discussing collaboration and knowledge sharing.
The document summarizes two key points about a topic:
1. It discusses how an activity can strengthen relationships and bring people together through shared experiences and understanding different perspectives.
2. It outlines how expert analysis provides essential information and context to properly understand an issue. The analysis looks at it from different angles to gain a full picture.
This document provides information about a quantum mechanics course including:
- The course covers fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics through lectures, discussions and exercises, and seminars.
- Key topics include the importance of quantum mechanics in scientific research, basic quantum theory concepts, and challenges in learning quantum mechanics.
- The teaching methods aim to link theories with practice through interactive small group discussions and problem-solving in addition to lectures.
- Teaching assistants are assigned to help facilitate discussions and answer online questions. The course also has an online quantum mechanics website for communication and resources.
النسخة الكاملة من كتاب وهم الاله بقلم ريتشارد دوكنزalirifland
The document appears to be a translated Arabic text that discusses various topics including religion, science, and philosophy. It contains multiple paragraphs with commentary and responses to different views. References are made to well-known figures like Richard Dawkins.
The document discusses various topics related to education including curriculum development, teaching methods, assessment strategies, and school administration. It notes the importance of developing curricula that are engaging for students and align assessments to learning objectives. School leaders are advised to focus on continuous improvement of instructional practices and student outcomes.
د. نسرين الدوسري - ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالثRiyadhBWF
ورشة عمل: (المعلوماتية ودورها في إعادة تشكيل مؤسساتنا).
د. نسرين الدوسري : المديرة والرئيسة التنفيذية لشركة الرواد في الاستشارات الإدارية و رئيسة لجنة الأعمال النسائية بالمنطقة الشرقية بغرفة التجارة والصناعة وتعمل بتدريس أنظمة التفكير في الجامعة العربية المفتوحة بالبحرين.
ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالث فندق الأنتركونتننتال الرياض برعاية الغرفة التجارية القسم النسائي الرياض
د. ماجدة الجارودي - ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالثRiyadhBWF
ورشة عمل: (القيادة المبدعة ـــ القيادة التحويلية).
د. ماجدة الجارودي
ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالث فندق الأنتركونتننتال الرياض برعاية الغرفة التجاري القسم النسائي
The document discusses installing and configuring a PHP triad application on a Windows system. It provides steps for downloading the application file, extracting and installing it, configuring the MySQL database, and starting the Apache server to run the application. Contact information is also included for getting help with the process.
كتاب دراسات في_تعليم_القراءة_بمراحل_التعليم_العامفوزية الوهابية
The document discusses improving education quality through strengthening teacher training programs. It talks about providing better training to teachers on teaching methods, educational content, and student evaluation. The goal is to ultimately enhance the learning experience for students.
The document discusses communication and connection between people. It talks about listening to understand others, resolving disagreements peacefully, and finding common ground and shared interests between different groups. The importance of respecting all people is also emphasized.
The document is written in an unknown language/script and contains many repeated symbols and characters. It discusses several topics but provides no discernible details due to being written in an undecipherable format. The overall content and meaning cannot be determined.
The document discusses several topics including nature, education, and family. It notes that nature provides for people's livelihoods and that education is important for children. It emphasizes living in harmony with nature and passing knowledge to future generations.
The document appears to be notes from a meeting or lesson containing several sections and topics. It includes headings for different topics discussed such as definitions, examples, and conclusions. Names or initials of "M" are listed next to various points, possibly indicating discussion points or assignments. The text contains both Latin and Arabic script.
This document provides an overview of leadership concepts and theories. It defines leadership as influencing others towards achieving common goals. Several theories of leadership are discussed, including trait theory, behavior theory, contingency theory, and integrated/cross-cultural approaches. Key leadership styles and their relationships with situational factors are also examined. The document covers various dimensions of power and skills related to effective leadership.
The document discusses the importance of unity and cooperation. It emphasizes working together towards common goals and understanding different perspectives. It encourages moving forward in a spirit of mutual respect.
صفحة الناقد العربي تاريخ ال سعود النسخة الاصلية ناصر السعيدalirifland
The document discusses the importance of learning from experience and summarizing lessons learned. It notes that experiences can be drawn from to improve future performance and issues should be openly discussed to promote progress. The document emphasizes reflecting on past actions and applying insights to current challenges.
The document appears to be a price list for various publications and magazines in different currencies. It lists the prices of over 30 different publications/magazines in currencies such as Euro, British Pound, US Dollar, Turkish Lira, etc. The prices range from around 2 to 90 with most priced between 5-30 of the listed currencies.
المسرح و التغير الاجتماعي في الخليج العربي Tamara Dz
The document appears to be a mix of Arabic and other non-English text with some numbers. It contains several section headings but the text under each section is not in English and cannot be understood without translation. The document overall seems to contain various non-English terms or headings with no clear purpose or high-level summary that can be understood from the text as provided.
The document discusses mathematical functions and operations in symbolic algebra software. It provides examples of functions like PI, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and other functions. It also demonstrates how to evaluate and simplify symbolic expressions using commands like evalf, subs, and factor. The document is intended to teach users how to work with symbolic expressions and functions.
The document provides biographical information about several individuals including their names, titles, and areas of expertise. It also includes a short narrative passage discussing collaboration and knowledge sharing.
The document summarizes two key points about a topic:
1. It discusses how an activity can strengthen relationships and bring people together through shared experiences and understanding different perspectives.
2. It outlines how expert analysis provides essential information and context to properly understand an issue. The analysis looks at it from different angles to gain a full picture.
This document provides information about a quantum mechanics course including:
- The course covers fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics through lectures, discussions and exercises, and seminars.
- Key topics include the importance of quantum mechanics in scientific research, basic quantum theory concepts, and challenges in learning quantum mechanics.
- The teaching methods aim to link theories with practice through interactive small group discussions and problem-solving in addition to lectures.
- Teaching assistants are assigned to help facilitate discussions and answer online questions. The course also has an online quantum mechanics website for communication and resources.
النسخة الكاملة من كتاب وهم الاله بقلم ريتشارد دوكنزalirifland
The document appears to be a translated Arabic text that discusses various topics including religion, science, and philosophy. It contains multiple paragraphs with commentary and responses to different views. References are made to well-known figures like Richard Dawkins.
The document discusses various topics related to education including curriculum development, teaching methods, assessment strategies, and school administration. It notes the importance of developing curricula that are engaging for students and align assessments to learning objectives. School leaders are advised to focus on continuous improvement of instructional practices and student outcomes.
د. نسرين الدوسري - ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالثRiyadhBWF
ورشة عمل: (المعلوماتية ودورها في إعادة تشكيل مؤسساتنا).
د. نسرين الدوسري : المديرة والرئيسة التنفيذية لشركة الرواد في الاستشارات الإدارية و رئيسة لجنة الأعمال النسائية بالمنطقة الشرقية بغرفة التجارة والصناعة وتعمل بتدريس أنظمة التفكير في الجامعة العربية المفتوحة بالبحرين.
ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالث فندق الأنتركونتننتال الرياض برعاية الغرفة التجارية القسم النسائي الرياض
د. ماجدة الجارودي - ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالثRiyadhBWF
ورشة عمل: (القيادة المبدعة ـــ القيادة التحويلية).
د. ماجدة الجارودي
ملتقى سيدات الأعمال الثقافي الثالث فندق الأنتركونتننتال الرياض برعاية الغرفة التجاري القسم النسائي
The document discusses installing and configuring a PHP triad application on a Windows system. It provides steps for downloading the application file, extracting and installing it, configuring the MySQL database, and starting the Apache server to run the application. Contact information is also included for getting help with the process.
كتاب دراسات في_تعليم_القراءة_بمراحل_التعليم_العامفوزية الوهابية
The document discusses improving education quality through strengthening teacher training programs. It talks about providing better training to teachers on teaching methods, educational content, and student evaluation. The goal is to ultimately enhance the learning experience for students.
The document discusses communication and connection between people. It talks about listening to understand others, resolving disagreements peacefully, and finding common ground and shared interests between different groups. The importance of respecting all people is also emphasized.
The document is written in an unknown language/script and contains many repeated symbols and characters. It discusses several topics but provides no discernible details due to being written in an undecipherable format. The overall content and meaning cannot be determined.
This document provides an introduction to a class on the global technology revolution. It discusses how technology is transforming organizations and changing business, economics, and society. The class will examine how technology is impacting different areas of life and propose a framework for understanding these transformations based on Karl Marx's concepts of the base and superstructure. Examples of how technology has historically contributed to the development of democracy and how current technologies like YouTube and the internet are changing politics are provided. Topics to be covered in the class and some proposed "rules" describing how life and work may be revolutionized by technology are also outlined.
Information war relies on small numbers of professional soldiers and technology rather than mass mobilization. It allows for quick, flexible wars like the Gulf War and Iraq War that lasted only a few weeks with few Western casualties. Those waging information wars devote significant efforts to perception management through media, which is more complicated than in industrial wars due to globalization and the ability of media to influence views worldwide.
This document discusses the importance of parental companionship for young children. It describes the author's experience raising two children close in age and realization that children need more than just their parents' presence - they need companionship. The author recalls incidents where the children entertained each other for long periods when they were left alone together, demonstrating their strong bond of interdependence from an early age.
The document discusses key concepts in analytic geometry, derivatives, functions, sequences, and trigonometric functions. It provides explanations of these concepts and their fundamental properties, as well as examples of how they apply to high-level math problems.
The document discusses several short stories or lessons. It begins by encouraging the reader to carefully reflect on what they have read. It then describes a test given to medical students where all questions were answered except asking the name of the maid. It continues with stories of a student helping a woman stranded in the rain, a boy leaving a tip after buying an ice cream, and reflects on being fortunate to have basic necessities compared to many in the world.
This document appears to be a resume or CV for an individual. It includes personal details like name, date of birth, contact information. It lists the individual's qualifications including education level achieved in 1978 and areas of expertise like structural engineering software, CAD programs, project management and office software. It also outlines 7 years of experience in structural engineering design and analysis from 1978 to the present.
The document provides an overview and vocabulary for an intermediate Chinese vocabulary study on various topics, including industries, software/hardware, genuine/pirated products, services, customers, and business environment. Sample sentences are given to practice the vocabulary words in context. A reading comprehension exercise follows to test understanding of a passage related to the growth and challenges facing the GPS industry in China.
The document describes the interface of the Maple worksheet. It discusses the menu bar, toolbar, context bar, and work sheet interface elements. It states that the menu bar includes options like file, view, and edit. The toolbar includes tools like plotting, formatting, and solving. The context bar provides information about the current object. The work sheet is where Maple computations and expressions are displayed.
This document discusses the evolution of virtual worlds from 2D online communities to 3D environments. It notes that while originally pioneered in the US, many Asian countries like China, Japan and South Korea gained an early start through avatars and monetizing virtual goods. Today, virtual worlds come in many forms for gaming, education or business. The largest services are generally aimed at teens for gaming. No 3D virtual world has achieved significant revenue yet. As computing power increases, 3D virtual worlds may provide more advantages for sharing information and emotions.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics in information retrieval and search engines:
- It discusses common information retrieval problems like relevance, evaluation, and information needs.
- It describes different types of search engines like web search engines, enterprise search, desktop search, and open source engines.
- It compares issues in information retrieval and challenges faced by search engines in areas like scalability, handling new data, and user interactions.
This document provides a biography of Frank Toney, an expert in project management. It discusses Toney's extensive experience and credentials in project management, including his role leading benchmarking forums involving over 130 large companies. The document also discusses how benchmarking, or observing and duplicating best practices of other high-performing organizations, has been an important decision-making approach throughout history, dating back to ancient Chinese and Italian thinkers. Benchmarking allows companies to immediately improve their project management capabilities.
The document discusses the narrator's reflections on life and their plans to improve their life by taking things easier, spending more time with loved ones, traveling more, singing more, cooking tasty food, and trying to be happier and achieve common goals with friends. They hope others won't stop them from living life this way. While they can't be sure it's good for everyone, they believe having a wonderful time is what matters most.
The article discusses the benefits of exercise for women over 70 years old. It notes that regular exercise can improve heart health, mobility, and quality of life for older women. Some of the key benefits mentioned include reducing the risk of disease, strengthening bones and muscles, improving sleep, and boosting mood. The article also quotes an expert who encourages older women to stay active through exercises they enjoy.
The document is a summary of the Voice of Sindh website and newspaper. It discusses the mission of the website and newspaper to give a voice to Sindh and highlight issues related to Sindh. It also lists the sections and topics covered on the website and in the newspaper such as news, articles, editorials, and more.
The document summarizes discussions around improving education and social issues in a community. It mentions organizing workshops and classes focused on topics like women's rights, preventing drug use, and resolving conflicts peacefully. The goal is to foster understanding and bring people together through respectful dialogue.
The document discusses the 5S methodology, which consists of five Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke. It explains each word and concept in the 5S system for organizing and standardizing the workplace. The overall goal of 5S is to establish more effective and efficient work practices through organizing the workspace.
This document summarizes key aspects of Six Sigma, including:
1. Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement originally developed by Motorola in the 1980s. It aims to reduce defects to 3.4 per million opportunities.
2. Key aspects of Six Sigma include its goal of near perfection, use of DMAIC and DMADV methodologies, and emphasis on data-driven processes and high levels of expertise among practitioners.
3. Six Sigma progressed from earlier quality approaches and standards over the 20th century and became widely adopted in the 1990s due to its effectiveness in significantly improving quality, reducing costs, and satisfying customers.
Describes about Eco Style, the first IT system in the world to help decrease the amount of Co2 comming out from a company. Built by Beat Communication.
The document discusses introducing shared bikes into the city's transportation system to address issues like air pollution, traffic congestion, and lack of healthy lifestyle options. The goals are to build a new public transportation system that is environmentally friendly, personalized, and promotes a slower pace of life. Existing bike sharing systems in other cities will be studied to help design a shared bike program that integrates transportation while enhancing quality of life.
This email contains short prompts intended to encourage the reader to appreciate what they have and be grateful for their situation by comparing it to people who are less fortunate. It suggests focusing on the few things in life that truly matter rather than superficial concerns, and enjoying life as it is rather than complaining. It encourages circulating the email forever without adding commentary.
This document provides a biography and quotes from Audrey Hepburn. It discusses key details about her life and career as an actress. It also shares beauty tips and quotes that Hepburn provided about inner beauty and helping others.
The document outlines steps for a training program, including:
1. Conducting training on various topics like management, leadership, and personal development.
2. Evaluating trainees through assignments and exams.
3. Providing certificates upon completion of the program.
Un viaje a Buenos Aires y sus alrededoresJudy Hochberg
A travelogue of my recent trip to Argentina, most to Buenos Aires, but including excursion to Iguazú waterfalls, Tigre, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay
What Challenges Await Beginners in SnowshoeingSnowshoe Tahoe
Discover the exhilarating world of snowshoeing through our presentation, highlighting the challenges faced by beginners. From physical exertion to technical finesse and braving harsh winter conditions, each step in the snow brings new obstacles and unforgettable adventures. Embrace the challenge and conquer the winter wonderland with confidence!
Golden Gate Bridge: Magnificent Architecture in San Francisco | CIO Women Mag...CIOWomenMagazine
The famous suspension bridge connects the city of San Francisco to Marin County in California. Golden Gate Bridge carries both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait and is about one mile wide. In this article, we will explore the history and significance that have shaped the iconic monument it is known as today.
You can easily change/correct a name on your flight ticket under the American Airlines name change policy. The airline provides multiple online and offline modes to place a name change request. To learn more about how to change a name on American Airlines ticket, you can directly approach the airline’s customer support. Moreover, you can connect with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 for quick assistance.
How do I plan a Kilimanjaro Climb?
Planning to climb Mount Kilimanjaro is an exciting yet detailed process. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you prepare for this incredible adventure.
Nature of the task 1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what ar...solutionaia
1. write a paragraph about your trip to dubai and what are the facts responsible for the heavy rainfall in dubai that caused havec ?
2. mention any five major tourist attaction of dubai
Mathematics: a student a visit her family her father converted Rs. 1,15,000 inr currency for dubai airport theexpedite in the trip is given below
1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
6. cost of shoping
7. cost of saving
Discovering Egypt A Step-by-Step Guide to Planning Your Trip.pptImperial Egypt
Travelling to Egypt is like stepping into a time capsule where the past and present coexist, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and stunning landscapes.
See more: https://imperialegypt.com/tour-packages/
Our excursions in tahiti offer stunning lagoon tours, vibrant marine life encounters, and cultural experiences. We ensure unforgettable adventures amidst breathtaking landscapes and serene waters. For more information, mail us at tracey@uniquetahiti.com.
Edutour" is your premier choice for educational travel experiences, offering specialized tours for schools, colleges, universities, and enthusiasts alike. As a comprehensive educational tour operator, we cater to a diverse range of interests and destinations, ensuring unforgettable experiences that combine learning, exploration, and cultural immersion.
bangalore metro routes, stations, timingsnarinav14
Bangalore Metro, also known as Namma Metro, is a rapid transit system serving the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. It is the second longest operational metro network in India after the Delhi Metro.
Prepare for cold weather rafting with proper gear: layering for warmth, insulated headgear, gloves, waterproof footwear, and essential accessories like sunglasses and sunscreen. Prioritize safety with a life jacket and maintain gear for optimal performance. Stay warm, dry, and ready for adventure on the rapids!
The Ultimate Travel Guide to Hawaii Island Hopping in 2024adventuressabifn
island hopping in Hawaii. This magical place offers a number of experiences, as each island has its own charm. Do you love adventure? Then, hike through volcanoes or kayak along an amazing coastline. If you want relaxation, then Hawaii is perfect because it has the most amazing beaches. In this blog, I will help you make an itinerary for your Hawaii Island Hopping. Every island offers something special. The Big Island offers some of the most perfect volcanoes as well as stargazing. Maui will pamper you with beaches and luxury. Kauai has some of the most lush rainforests with dramatic cliffs, and Oahu can offer a taste of city life and historical significance.
What Outdoor Adventures Await Young Adults in Montreal's Surrounding NatureSpade & Palacio Tours
Experience Montreal's vibrant culture and thrilling outdoor adventures. From hiking scenic trails at Mont-Saint-Bruno to kayaking the Saint Lawrence River, there's something for every adventurous young adult. Explore street art, camp under the stars, and immerse yourself in nature's beauty just beyond the city's bustling streets.
Beyond the mountains, a tour in Nepal reveals a vibrant tapestry of cultural heritage. The Kathmandu Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, boasts an array of ancient temples, stupas, and palaces. Durbar Squares in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan are treasure troves of medieval art and architecture.
Ibiza, situated in the Balearic Islands, stands out as a destination that encompasses everything: stunning landscapes, hidden gems to explore, a vibrant social scene, rich cultural life, and exceptional gastronomy. Opting for ‘Ibiza Rent A Boat’ to experience an unforgettable vacation on the White Island is certainly worthwhile, prompting a deeper exploration of the unique and fascinating aspects of Ibiza.
Discover the Magic of Ibiza An Unforgettable Boat Trip
Republic 1 2
1. Plato’s Republic
Republic 的希臘文意義
Politeia: From Polis
Polis: the city, the community of men sharing a way of life and
governing themselves, waging war, and preserving the peace.
幾位談話者的背景(希臘史中)
談話地點:Piraeus_海港
時間點:預設在 411 年,但是,404 年的「三十寡頭」的歷史隱藏其中
人物:
蘇格拉底(Socrates,簡稱 S)
賽伐洛斯(Cephalus,簡稱 C)的兩個兒子
波勒麻查斯(Polemarchus,簡稱 P)被「三十寡頭」(Thirty
Tyrants)處死
Lysias 是推翻「三十寡頭」的要角
Plato’s 的兄弟, Ariston 的兒子們
葛樂康(Glaucon,簡稱 G)
阿第曼圖(Ademanuts,簡稱 A)
修辭家:傅拉西麻查斯(Thrasmachus,簡稱 T)
1
2. 第一卷
第一句話
Socrates: I went down (κατέβην)to the Piraeus
為何是 went down?這裡的 down 是什麼意思?
為何談話要安排在雅典的海港百里阿(Piraeus)?而不是在雅典城中?
蘇格拉底在百里阿(Piraeus)作些什麼?
蘇格拉底為何被迫留下來,與朋友談「理想國」?
327c(指書中的編碼,一般西文在文字的右邊;中文直式編排,則在上面)
人們願意聽蘇格拉底的「說服」嗎?
賽伐洛斯(Cephalus)是什麼樣的人?
老人
尊敬神
遵守舊的習俗
關心賺錢
為何進一步討論時,賽伐洛斯(Cephalus)要離開(331d)?
老人、舊的習俗、權威、虔誠的宗教徒離開
為什麼要談正義?( 330d-331c)
從死後懲罰的恐懼
行為規範
什麼是正義?有哪些正義的定義?
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3. 第一個正義: 331a-c
說實話,不欠債(331d)
Cephalus: Justice: giving back what a man has taken from another
That it is just to give to each what is owed. (331e)
與金錢有關
S 的質疑
心智不全的人,也需要歸還他要的嗎?
肉與調味料的關係嗎?(應得的_荒謬化)
第二個正義: 332d
Polemachus: The one that gives benefits and injuries to friends and enemies
為了回應 S 的荒謬化的說法,試圖定義清楚
轉為從私人的金錢正義,轉為政治性的正義
S(蘇格拉底)的質疑
1. 正義何時有用?
推導出正義,在存錢與偷竊上最有用(中立的技藝)
P 的回應,不知道該如何回答,還是堅持自己的看法,
對朋友利,對敵人害。
2. 是否有時「以為」是敵人?
P 轉為好人為朋友?壞人為敵人?
也就是給好人以利;壞人以惡
3. 正義可以傷害人嗎?(對壞人以惡的質疑)
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4. Do horses that have been injured become better or worse? Worse.
Then it is not the work of the just man to harm either a friend
or anyone else(335d)
S 認為會提出這樣的觀點是 or some other rich man
who has a high opinion of what he can do(336a).
第三個正義:( 338c) Thrasymachus
The just is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger.
S:(荒謬化)牛肉是強者的利益?
再解釋
統治者依其利益,制訂法律,規範正義
所以,民主政體規範正義。
S 的質疑:統治者有可能犯錯
Tà 不會犯錯的統治者(341b)
The one who is the ruler in the most precise sense.
S 指「真正」的統治者
一個技藝,一個目標(341c)
所以,真正統治者關心的被統治者的利益
T 的反擊
牧羊人關心羊,仍只是為了自己的利益(343b)
表面正義,實質不正義者,獲利較多
S 的辯駁:
再提統治者的利益,就是被統治者
No art or kind of rule provides for its own benefit
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5. 好人害怕被壞人統治的「懲罰」,才進行統治
347e 這個問題到此為止
S 將問題轉為正義者較為幸福?還是非正義者?
S 提到,有知者不會想要獲得有知、無知者的答案。只有,無知者,才會如此作。
Is any musical man who is tuning a lyre in your opinion willing to get the better
of another musical man in tightening and relaxing the strings , or does he claim
he deserves more?(350a)
無知者,不正義者才會作如此想
所以,不正義 =無知 =壞人
The wise, just, good vs. the unjust, bad, unlearned
S 進一步討論不正義是否為有力( mighty)? 350d
正義是智慧的,有學問的,是有力的。
不正義的城邦意圖統治其它城邦,所以更有力?
不正義的一群人,如何可能成事?(if its members acted unjustly to one
another?)351c
再問正義的生活好?還是不正義的生活?( 352d)
But whether the just also live better than the unjust and are happier?
S 的論證方式
1. Whether the work of each thing is what it alone can do, or can do finely
than other things?
2. also to be a virtue for each thing to which some work is assigned
3 àis there some work of a soul that you couldn’t accomplish with
any other thing that is? For example, managing, ruling, deliberating,
and all such things
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6. 4. then, will a soul ever accomplish its work well if deprived of its virtue, or
is that impossible?
Then, justice is virtue of soul, injustice vice.
The just soul, the just man will have a good life
為何 T(傅拉西麻查斯)會臉紅?流汗?
關心我們所過的生活。( 352d)
Nevertheless, this must still be considered better: for the argument is not about just
any question, but about the way one should live.
第一卷的小結
沒有說明正義是什麼?
但說明了正義的人生活的性質。(354b)
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7. 第二卷
Glaucon 追問:
For Glaucon is always most courageous in everything (357a)
G 認為,人們只想要被認為是正義的結果,實際上不願意正義。
G 區分三種目標
過程可欲
結果可欲,過程不可欲
過程與結果可欲
正義屬於第二種
G restore T’s argument 要說明三件事(358C)
1. 正義是什麼?從何而來?
自然來說,人們從事不正義有利;受不正義的結果,則有害
弊大於利
所以,人們制定 compact,the law commands lawful and just
2. 人們從事正義,非志願
等於,一種妥協
但是人性趨於享受不正義之福
若戴上魔戒,正義、非正義者表現皆一樣
3. 正義與非正義者的比較
高竿的非正義者,做到「看似」(seem to)正義,而且不被抓到
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8. 正義者,因為純粹是正義,而非名譽、利益,「看似」非正義
Adeimantus(362D)接著指出
神是可以賄賂的,即使行為不正義,但可以透過祭祀等方式,請神接納(詩人說的)
對年輕人如何?
而且,如果沒有神?
或者,神不關心我們的生活?
人們責備「不正義」,只因自己做不到。
G(358b)和 A(367a-e)儘管知道不正義的生活優於正義的生活,但是還是希望蘇格
拉底可以告訴他們正義的生活還是比較好的。
S 說 G 和 A 有此天分
I had always been full of wonder at the nature of G and A.(367e)
S 說必須從國家來看(字的大寫、小寫)(368c-d),因而引到國家的建構
Perhaps there would be more justice in the bigger and it would be easier to observe closely.
(369a)
If we would watch a city coming into being in speech(369a)
言說中的城邦,從需要(need)開始建構
食、衣、住
而且,one man one art(人們依其天性,作適合的事)370b
. S 原本是建構 healthy city,但是 G 要 luxurious one(有更多的享樂之類的,譬如調
味料等),所以,S 繼續看 feverish city 372e
需要軍隊
亦即衛士
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9. They must be gentle to their own and cruel to enemies. 375c
像「狗」
對朋友友善,對敵人兇惡
能分清敵友
所以,a lover of learning
衛士需要這樣的「哲學」特質
這與「與敵人惡,朋友善」的正義觀類似
這裡蘇格拉底有矛盾嗎?
如何養育、教育衛士?376c let’s educate the men in speech
先談音樂(說話、詩)
管制神話(傳說)
神彼此不征戰
神不會隨意變形
體育
蘇格拉底自承無知( 337e-338a)
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如果拿到魔戒,你會想作什麼?( cf. 360a)
為什麼好人要統治? 347b
利益
榮譽
Cf. 是「比較」的意思
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11. 370b different men are apt for the accomplishment of different job.
One man one art(370b)
一個要作所有的事,必然做不好。
所以,作適當的事,一定會做好。
394E,
政治技藝應該要讓特定人掌握。
正義不是多數決,而是「各安其份 。
」
423d
再次強調各司其職 one man one job
433a
答案揭曉:就是正義
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