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Reptiles
- 1. Lana Malia Lizards REPTILESTurtles and Tortoises Crocodiles and Alligators The only newsletter Everything that you need to known that gives you all reptiles all the time! about this wonderful Class! With no snakes! MOVEMENT Reptiles which include lizards, turtles, alligators, and crocodiles, move in a variety of ways. Lizards move by crawling because they cannot lift their body above their limbs. Turtles move by use of one of three types of limbs. Turtles that live on land most of the time have small, strong feet that they use to walk. Turtles that spend an equal amount of time on land and in water have webbed feet that they use to walk and swim in a way that is not unlike the doggy‐paddle. Turtles that live in the water have @lippers that they use to swim. These kinds of turtles use their front limbs to generate thrust and their back @lippers to steer. Alligators and crocodiles move using the belly crawl which is when the reptile’s head, belly, and tail tend to drag on the ground and the legs propel the animal forward. The crocodile (top) and the alligator (bottom) When swimming they mostly use their tails to steer and move. Reptiles both swim in very similar ways. transport nutrients and blood in their Top photo taken by Flicker user Sue Waters. body through the use of a circulatory Bottom photo taken by Flicker user Joe system. They have a three or four‐ Shiabotnik chamber heart. 2 The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
- 2. REPTILES-THE BASICS! PAGE 2 This is a common lizard that shows thegeneral structure of most reptiles covered in this newsletter. To the right is of a painted turtle. Photo by Flicker user suchitra prints and Zevotron Rhoncus tempor placerat. WHAT DO REPTILES EAT? Reptiles use lungs to Reptiles eat anything breathe. The muscles between from meat to insects to plants. the reptile’s ribs expand which Most reptiles are carnivores. They allows the reptile to inhale and Interesting Facts can eat mammals, birds, @ish, then the muscles contract which The Blanding Turtle crustaceans, amphibians, insects, forces the air out of the lungs was found and other reptiles as part of their causing the reptile to exhale. daily diet. These prey animals can Reptiles regulate their body swimming and alive be as small as mice or as large as temperature by moving into or under the ice in the water buffalo. Reptiles that are out of the sun. When a lizard Great Lakes. This is herbivores eat greens, vegetables, becomes too cold it moves into really unusual fruits, and grasses. Omnivorous the sun to warm up. When a reptiles eat both meat and plants. reptile gets too hot it moves out of because reptiles are the sun and burrows underground cold-blooded which HOW DO REPTILES REPRODUCE? or goes for a swim to cool off and means that they can Most reptiles reproduce get the perfect body temperature. sexually and produce eggs. Some let themselvees get lizards reproduce through WHAT IS THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF to cold or they wil parthenogenesis, which is REPTILES? die! reproduction without fertilization. The general structure of a Among these lizards are the reptile is that it has scaly skin and Komodo Dragon, the Whiptail a three or four chambered heart. Lizard family, some rock lizards, They all breathe through lungs and some geckos. In addition, and they are all cold‐blooded. The some reptiles give birth to live types of reptiles that I am young, including some of the studying all have four limbs. They skink family. also have tails. Their skeletons are like most other animals with backbones. They have a spine, a HOW DO REPTILES BREATHE AND REGULATE skull, and ribs. TEMPURATURE? The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
- 3. REPTILES-QUESTIONS! PAGE 3 Ask the Experts- Anwsers to questions that you the readers sent in! DEAR EXPERTS, WHAT ARE REPTILES PLACE IN shells to protect themselves, and THE FOOD CHAIN? snapping turtles have tongues that Reptiles are an important are shaped like worms that are part of the food chain. They tend to used to attract prey. be predators, but there are also plant eating lizards. Reptiles tend DEAR EXPERTS, I NEED TO not to be at the top of the food KNOW HOW REPTILES chain, but they can be. The RESPOND TO STIMULI FOR Komodo Dragon, the largest lizard SCHOOL. CAN YOU HELP ME? in the world, is at the top of it’s own food chain because nothing eats it. How do reptiles respond to stimuli? Well DEAR EXPERTS, MY KIDS WNAT TO KNOW WHERE they are cold‐blooded REPTILES CAME FROM. CAN YOU HELP? animals, which means Reptiles have a rich history. that when they get cold The tuatara lizard. Photo by Flicker user PhillipC Reptiles developed during the they slow down. They carboniferous period. They are the respond to the cold basis from which birds evolved and stimuli by moving into the share many things in common with sun. Jacky Dragon, a type of lizard Interesting Fact! birds. They set the stage for the that can glide, responds to the Encomically, dinosaurs and were the @irst shape of looming aerial predators vertebrates to live on land. Now, reptiles are used, by by gliding away from the shape. I Reptiles can be found on every hope this helps! humans, for food, continent except Antarctica. They leather products, also live in both fresh and salt and pets. water. DEAR EXPERTS, CAN YOU NAME AN “ODDBALL” REPTILE THAT SEEMS DIFFERENT THAN THE Interesting Fact! DEAR EXPERTS, WHAT ADAPTATIONS DO REPTILES REST? All members HAVE? An oddball of the reptile of the reptile family family is the Tuatara lizard. There have bilateral Reptiles have many are only two types of this lizard left. symmetry. This adaptations. Most of these make it It lives in New Zealand. They have means that they possible for reptiles to live on land no outside ear, but are able to hear. have one line of since they were evolved from They also have a “third eye” which amphibians. Some of these no one seems to know the reason symmetry, from adaptations are skin that does not for. The Tuatara also has several their head to their dry out when the animal is out of distinct parts of its skull that other tail. water, legs that can be used to walk reptiles don’t tend to have. They on land for long periods of time, are classi@ied as reptiles because and having eggs that can be laid on they are cold‐blooded, have scaly land. Other adaptations that skin, lay eggs, and are related to reptiles have are that turtles have lizards. The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
- 4. REPTILES-ENDANGERED!! PAGE 4 This is an article of reptiles that have become Endangered! PLEASE HELP US TO MAKE THEIR PLIGHT KNOWN! Many reptiles are the Hawksbill Turtle which us because they are extinct or endangered. is endangered because it is indicator animals. Indicator Some examples of these hunted to make cosmetic animals are animals that reptiles are the Burmese products, the Leatherback indicate how environment is Peacock Turtle which has Turtle which is endangered doing. If the reptiles are become endangered due to because of loss of habitat sick, then the environment loss of habitat and over and hunting, and the Olive has something wrong with capturing, the Logger Head Ridley Turtle which has it. That is why it is so Turtle which is endangered become endangered due to important that we do not let because of loss of habitat, over capture. these beautiful animal the Green Turtle is Reptiles are become extinct! endangered because of egg important to other poaching and loss of habitat, organisms, the planet, and Some organisms found in the Class Reptilia There are many animals found in the Class Reptilia. Some of the common ones are napping and box turtle, American alligators, Inguanas, and spiny lizards. Other not so known mambers of this extensive family are he gopher tortoise, the Ground skink, Five-lines skink, and many others. Rhoncus tempor placerat. The loggerhead turtle (above) and the Green turtle (above and left) are both endangered. Photos by Flicker user coda and Paul and Jill. The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
- 5. REPTILES-FACTS! PAGE 5 Fun Facts about Reptiles SOME RANDOM THINGS YOU NEVER KNEW ABOUT REPTLES! •There are reptiles on very continent except Anarctica because it is much to cold •Reptile skin is waterproof •The gender of baby reptiles is often determines by the temperature of the nest. If the nest is very warm then most of the eggs will hatch female reptiles. •Reptiles have been on Earth for 300 million years! •Some reptiles can regenerate lost limbs. Thak you for reading! The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork
- 6. REPTILES-BIBLIOGRAPHY! PAGE 6 The Bibliography SPECIAL THANKS TO ALL THE SITES THAT PROVIDED INFORMATION http://www.ehow.com/about_5436196_reptiles.html http://natl.ifas.ufl.edu/Reptile.htm http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/Alligator.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-gb4.htm http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-gb7.htm http://bio.edu.ee/animals/Roomajad/roalgus.htm http://www.petplace.com/reptiles/reptile-nutrition/page2.aspx http://www.petplace.com/reptiles/reptile-nutrition/page3.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis http://www.helium.com/items/952122-how-do-reptiles-reproduce http://www.akatoo.com/question.html?question_id=1460675 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science? _ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4KCHD6G-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStr Id=1072684971&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=54bab039e88dd6069cc0a0 bc0c63514a http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/nonpwdpubs/young_naturalist/animals/warm_and_cold_blooded_animals/index.phtml http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/17891-animals-with-backbones-reptile-adaptations-video.htm http://x-reptiles-x.net/viewtopic.php?t=0995940299323 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/345004/lizard/38378/Natural-history# http://www.britannica.com/facts/5/997955/skeleton-as-discussed-in-reptile-animal http://www.essortment.com/all/reptilessnakes_rhus.htm http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/reptilia/44758 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_do_reptiles_usually_live http://science.jrank.org/pages/5813/Reptiles.html http://www.stoller-eser.com/trial/colorbook/food_web.html http://www.eduscapes.com/nature/lizad/index1.htm https://biomesfirst.wikispaces.com/Tropical+Rainforest+Food+Web http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_kind_of_symmetry_do_reptiles_have http://www.earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?ID=3&sp=475 http://library.thinkquest.org/19689/data/reptiles/leatherback_turtle_frame.html http://library.thinkquest.org/19689/data/reptiles/olive_turtle_frame.html http://library.thinkquest.org/19689/data/reptiles/green_turtle_frame.html http://library.thinkquest.org/19689/data/reptiles/hawksbill_turtle_frame.html http://library.thinkquest.org/19689/data/reptiles/loggerhead_turtle_frame.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/ How_are_reptiles_and_amphibians_an_important_component_of_a_natural_environment http://ezinearticles.com/?Interesting-Facts-About-Reptiles&id=1069925 The Collector, 1234 Main Street, Any Town, State 54321 | 123-456-7890 | www.apple.com/iwork