Protozoa reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves gamete formation and fusion, except in ciliated protozoa where gametes form through mitosis and meiosis follows gamete union. Asexual reproduction occurs through binary fission, budding, or multiple fission/schizogony which involves multiple mitotic divisions and cytoplasmic separation into new cells. Protozoa also engage in symbiotic relationships through parasitism, commensalism, or mutualism - with parasitism benefiting one organism at the expense of the host, commensalism benefiting one without affecting the other, and mutualism providing benefits to both species.

1. Reproduction &Symbiotic
lifestyle in Protozoa

2. Reproduction in Protozoa

3. Sexual Reproduction
• Gametes formation occur.
• Fusion of gametes.
• Except ciliated Protozoa:
 Gametes are produced by mitosis and
meiosis follows union of gametes.

4. Asexual Reproduction
• Binary fission
• Division of nucleus
• Division of cytoplasm
• cytokinesis:
 Longitudinal
Transverse
• Budding

5. Multiple fission/Schizogony
• Multiple mitotic divisions
• Production of certain number of nuclei
• Cytoplasmic divisions
• Separation of each nucleus
• Production of new clls

6. Symbiotic lifestyle in
Protozoa

7. Symbiosis
• Gr.syn, with+bios,life
• It is an intimate association between two
organisms.
• Symbiosis is further divided into:
• Parasitism
• Commensalim
• Mutualism

8. Parasitism
• One organism lives in or on a second organism
called host
• Host is harmed but usually survives.
• Some paraaites have multiple hosts:
Definitive Host
Intermediate Host

9.  Commensalism
• One member of the relationship benefits
and second member is neither benefited nor
harmed.
Mutualisms
• Both species benefit.