Male and female reproductive organs work together to allow for reproduction. In females, eggs are produced in the ovaries and travel through the fallopian tubes. In males, sperm are produced in the testes. During sex, sperm from a male are deposited into the female's vagina and travel to meet an egg. If a sperm fertilizes an egg, they unite and begin dividing, traveling through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterus, where it will grow into a baby over 9 months. The placenta and amniotic sac in the uterus provide nutrients and protection to the developing fetus.

1. REPRODUCTION

2. Human reproduction is when an egg cell from a woman and a sperm cell
from a man unite and develop in the womb to form a baby. A number of
organs and structures in both the woman and the man are needed in order
for this process to occur. These are called the reproductive organs and
genitals.
MALE’S
SPERM CELL
FEMALE’S
EGG CELL

3. Testes (testicles): a pair of oval-
shaped glands that produce sperm.Scrotum: the pouch of skin
that contains the testes.
Urethra (Penis): the male reproductive
organ, through which urine and semen pass.
Prostate gland: a gland that produces
some of the fluid part of semen.
Seminal vesicles: a pair of glands that also
produce some of the fluid part of semen.
Vas deferens: a pair of ducts
leading from the testes to the
seminal vesicle, through
which the sperm travel.
In males, the reproductive organs and
genitals include:

4. In females, the reproductive organs and
genitals include:
Ovaries: two organs on
either side of the lower
abdomen that release an egg
cell on a monthly basis.
Vagina: a muscular tube that receives the penis
during sex, through which sperm travel on their
way to fertilize the egg, and through which a baby
passes during childbirth.
Fallopian tubes: a pair of tubes
running from the ovary to the uterus,
through which an egg cell travels,
and where fertilization with sperm
usually occurs.
Uterus: an organ, also
called the womb, where the
fertilized egg cell implants
and grows into the unborn
baby during pregnancy.
Vulva: the outer folds that surround
the openings of the vagina and the
opening from the bladder called the
urethra.

5. Once every month or so, a woman’s ovary releases an egg cell. This process, known as
ovulation, usually occurs about 14 days after the start of the woman’s last menstrual period, if
they have a normal 28-day menstrual cycle. The egg cell is swept through the fallopian tube,
which runs from the ovary to the uterus. The egg cell slows in the longest and widest part of
the fallopian tube. This is where the egg cell is fertilized by a man’s sperm cell.
Ovulation is when a woman's
ovary releases an egg cell.

6. During sex, the penis releases a thick, whitish fluid
called semen into the woman’s vagina. Semen contains
millions of sperm cells that deposit in and around the
vagina. Several hundred of these sperm cells pass
through the vagina into the uterus. From there, the
sperm cells enter the fallopian tubes. The sperm cells
surround the egg cell if it is present. When a sperm
enters an egg cell, they unite and their chromosomes
mingle together. This is called conception or
fertilization.
If the egg is fertilized by the sperm cell, the
fertilized egg cell begins to divide into two cells, then
four, then eight, and so on, while it travels the rest of
the way through the fallopian tube to the uterus.
There it implants and grows into the unborn baby. If
the egg is not fertilized by the sperm, it will
eventually be expelled, along with the lining of the
uterus, during the woman’s next menstrual period.
A fertilized egg is
implanted in the uterus
and grows into the
unborn baby.

7. The 2 sets of chromosomes join together (23+23),
completing the process of fertilization. They
determine gender, hair colour, eye colour and
hundreds of other characteristics.
This new single cell, the zygote, is the beginning of a new human being (embryo). Then,
the Fallopian tube sweep the zygote through the uterus where he or she will implant into
the richer uterine lining, growing and maturing for the next 9 months until the baby is
ready for birth.

8. The placenta absorbs
nutrients and oxygen from
the mum’s blood and deliver
them to the baby via the
umbilical cord. Then, the
umbilical cord carries waste
products (poo and carbon
dioxide) away from the baby
down the umbilical cord and
through the placenta into
the mum’s body for her to
get rid of.
The amniotic sac is a bag of
fluid inside a woman's womb
(uterus) where the unborn
baby develops and grows.
The amniotic fluid is the
protective liquid contained
by the amniotic sac. This
fluid serves as a cushion for
the growing fetus, but also
serves to facilitate the
exchange of nutrients, water,
and biochemical products
between mother and fetus. It
is also called water or
waters.
Most babies are born
between 38 and 42
weeks of pregnancy
(9 months). Babies
born after 42 weeks are
described as 'post-term'
while those born before
37 completed weeks are
'preterm' or
'premature'